CN107674433A - 一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN107674433A
CN107674433A CN201710815505.7A CN201710815505A CN107674433A CN 107674433 A CN107674433 A CN 107674433A CN 201710815505 A CN201710815505 A CN 201710815505A CN 107674433 A CN107674433 A CN 107674433A
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徐祖顺
阳哲
郑子威
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法及其应用,属于材料科学与生物医用领域。本发明以水溶性的牛血清蛋白(BSA)作为稳定剂,过二硫酸钾(KPS)作为引发剂,引发吡咯单体聚合,在制备的蛋白稳定的聚吡咯纳米粒子分散液中引入钆离子(Gd3+),通过拟生物矿化的作用在蛋白稳定的聚吡咯纳米粒子中原位生成氧化钆(Gd2O3),本发明实现诊疗一体化,所制备蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子具有优异的T1模态MRI效果和光热性能,且制备工艺简单,反应条件温和,重复性高,容易推广。

Description

一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于材料科学与生物医用领域,具体涉及一种核磁共振成像(MRI)与光热治疗(PTT)一体化的功能纳米粒子的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
近年来,光热治疗以其创伤小、毒副作用低等优势而成为肿瘤治疗领域中的研究热点。PTT是利用相关的光热治疗剂对能量低、组织透过能力强的近红外光进行吸收并转化为足够的热量,通过肿瘤区域局部的高温(>43℃)直接导致肿瘤细胞凋亡和肿瘤组织坏死的一种治疗方式,其中光热剂的性能对治疗效果起了决定性的作用,聚吡咯(PPy)以其优异的光热效果和生物相容性在光热剂的研究中脱颖而出。
为了达到理想的光热治疗效果,在治疗过程中辅助相关的医学成像技术尤为重要。在治疗前可以通过医学成像定位肿瘤区域,确定近红外激光的照射位点;治疗过程中,通过成像技术检测光热剂在肿瘤区域的聚集情况,确定合适的治疗时间;治疗后,可以依据相应的成像信息评估治疗效果。MRI作为一种无创伤的临床医学成像技术,能够提供软组织尤其是肿瘤组织的实时图像信息,此外,通过引入造影剂能够凸显正常组织与病患组织的差异,更有利于精确的诊断。因此,结合性能优异的磁共振造影剂和光热剂,构建诊疗一体化纳米粒子从而实现MRI引导的PTT具有临床研究价值。然而,由于PPy化学惰性强,缺乏反应活性位点,构建以PPy为基础的诊疗一体化纳米粒子通常需要繁琐的反应步骤和苛刻的反应条件,这在很大程度上限制了相关多功能光热剂的临床应用。因此,探索简易高效的方法来制备PPy基诊疗一体化纳米粒子具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种生物相容性优良的MRI,PTT诊断治疗一体化功能纳米粒子的制备方法,并尝试探索其在生物医疗领域的运用。
一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,具体通过以下技术方案实现:
(1)称量牛血清蛋白粉末溶解于去离子水中,加入吡咯单体,充分搅拌得到均一透明的溶液;再称取过二硫酸钾溶解于去离子水中,然后缓慢滴入上述透明溶液,在4℃条件下保温12-24h,使吡咯单体的充分聚合,制备蛋白稳定的聚吡咯纳米粒子分散液;
牛血清蛋白粉末与吡咯单体的质量比为1:0.5-1;
牛血清蛋白粉末与水的质量比为0.003-0.008:1;
过二硫酸钾与吡咯的质量比1-1.5:1;
过二硫酸钾与水的质量比0.006-0.012:1;
(2)向步骤(1)的分散液中加入氯化钆溶液,充分混合15-30min,然后调节体系pH至10-12,并在37℃的水浴锅中保温6-12h,最后用透析袋透析3天进行纯化,得到蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的分散液,并保存于4℃冰箱中;其中步骤(1)聚吡咯纳米粒子分散液中加入氯化钆溶液的量300-400μL,浓度为25mM。
优选地,如上所述的一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,步骤(1)的过二硫酸钾KPS为重结晶处理的。
优选地,如上所述的一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,步骤(1)吡咯单体聚合时,反应溶液由墨绿色变为深黑色即可结束反应,说明聚吡咯已生成。
优选地,如上所述的一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,步骤(2)中调节体系pH可以使用氢氧化钠溶液、氨水溶液。
本发明同时提供所制备蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子在核磁共振成像以及光热治疗中的性能测试。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果如下:
(1)制备工艺简单,反应条件温和,重复性高,容易推广,本发明中涉及的功能纳米粒子通过“一锅法”即可制备,所有反应均在较低的温度以及常压下进行,纯化方法简单。
(2)选用天然高分子BSA作为稳定剂,能够提高体系的生物相容性,此外,有利于该功能纳米粒子在肿瘤区域聚集,具有较高的临床研究价值。
(3)选用过二硫酸钾KPS作为引发剂,毒性低,而且不会引入有毒的反应副产物,更有利于提升体系的生物相容性;
(4)实现诊疗一体化,所制备蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子具有优异的T1模态MRI效果和光热性能。
(5)在聚吡咯纳米粒子的分散液中引入钆离子(Gd3+),并调节溶液的pH,通过拟生物矿化的作用在蛋白稳定的聚吡咯纳米粒子中原位生成氧化钆(Gd2O3),使制备的功能纳米粒子具有高的弛豫率,并可以作为磁共振造影剂使用。
附图说明
图1为本实例功能纳米粒子的透射电镜图,粒径为40nm左右,而且粒径分布均一。
图2为本实例功能纳米粒子分散液的MRI效果,图像随着纳米粒子浓度的增加逐渐变亮,可以说明该功能纳米粒子能够作为磁共振成像中的T1造影剂使用。
图3为不同浓度的本实例功能纳米粒子的分散液在相同条件下,用波长为808nm,能量密度为2W/cm2激光照射5min后的热成像图,可以看出该功能纳米粒子具有较好的光热效果,并且光热效果与纳米粒子的浓度成正比。
图4为注射功能纳米粒子后,荷瘤小鼠的光热成像图。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本发明方案的技术特点,下面结合具体实施例,对本发明进行阐述。但是本发明的保护范围并不限于这些实施例。凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,具体通过以下技术方案实现:
步骤一:称量45mg牛血清蛋白粉末溶解于10mL去离子水中,加入34mg的吡咯单体,充分搅拌得到均一透明的溶液;再称取56mg重结晶处理的KPS溶解于6mL去离子水中,然后缓慢滴入上述透明溶液,在4℃条件下保温18h,利于吡咯单体的充分聚合,期间可以发现溶液迅速变为墨绿色随后变为深黑色,说明了聚吡咯的成功生成。
步骤二:向步骤一的黑色溶液中加入350μL浓度为0.025M的氯化钆溶液,充分混合22min,然后用浓度为2M的氢氧化钠溶液调节体系的pH至11,并在37℃的水浴锅中保温9h,最后选用截留分子量为14000D的透析袋透析三天进行纯化,得到浓度为3mg/mL的蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的分散液,并保存于4℃冰箱中。
将制备的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的分散液滴在透射电镜铜网上,自然干燥,然后通过透射电镜观察其相貌结构,结果见图1。由图1可知,我们可以观察到所制备的功能纳米粒子的形状为不规则球形,粒子直径为40nm左右。
实施例2
一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,具体通过以下技术方案实现:
步骤一:称量30mg牛血清蛋白粉末溶解于10mL去离子水中,加入15mg吡咯单体,充分搅拌得到均一透明的溶液;再称取15mg重结晶处理的KPS溶解于2.5mL去离子水中,然后缓慢滴入上述透明溶液,在4℃条件下保温12h,利于吡咯单体的充分聚合,期间可以发现溶液迅速变为墨绿色随后变为深黑色,说明了聚吡咯的成功生成。
步骤二:向步骤一的黑色溶液中加入300μL浓度为0.025M的氯化钆溶液,充分混合15min,然后用浓度为2M的氢氧化钠溶液调节体系的pH至10,并在37℃的水浴锅中保温6h,最后选用截留分子量为14000D的透析袋透析三天进行纯化,得到浓度为2mg/mL的蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的分散液,并保存于4℃冰箱中。
实施例3
一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,具体通过以下技术方案实现:
步骤一:称量60mg牛血清蛋白粉末溶解于15mL去离子水中,加入与牛血清蛋白粉末相同质量的吡咯单体,充分搅拌得到均一透明的溶液;再称取90mg重结晶处理的KPS溶解于15mL去离子水中,然后缓慢滴入上述透明溶液,在4℃条件下保温12h,利于吡咯单体的充分聚合,期间可以发现溶液迅速变为墨绿色随后变为深黑色,说明了聚吡咯的成功生成。
步骤二:向步骤一的黑色溶液中加入400μL浓度为0.025M的氯化钆溶液,充分混合30min,然后用浓度为2M的氨水溶液调节体系的pH至12,并在37℃的水浴锅中保温12h,最后选用截留分子量为14000D的透析袋透析三天进行纯化,得到浓度为2.8mg/mL的蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的分散液,并保存于4℃冰箱中。
为研究本发明制备的一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的性能,我们对实施例1制备的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子进行了下面的试验。
配置不同浓度的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的分散液(以钆离子的浓度计算),用600μL规格的聚丙烯离心管封装,随后通过临床用3T磁共振成像仪来收集相应的T1模态的磁共振成像图,结果见图2。由图可知,相比于纯水,含有功能纳米粒子的图像更亮,此外,随着钆离子含量的增加,图像逐渐变亮,结果表明该功能纳米粒子可以作为磁共振造影剂使用。
配置不同浓度的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的分散液(0-200μg/mL),存放于1.5mL聚丙烯离心管中,随后用波长为808nm,能量密度为1.5W/cm2的近红外激光照射5min,并通过热成像相机来记录样品的温度变化情况,结果见图3。由图可知,含有功能纳米粒子的样品在照射5min后具有明显的升温,而且随着样品浓度的增加,升温效果越明显,结果表明该功能纳米粒子具有优异的光热效果。
通过动物模型探索了该聚吡咯功能纳米粒子在生物医药领域的应用。构建小鼠皮下瘤模型,尾静脉注射功能纳米粒子(100μL,5mg/mL),24h后用808nm波长的近红外激光照射荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤区域,并用热成像相机观察其升温效果,结果见图4。由图可知,肿瘤区域的温度随着时间的延长逐渐升高,结果表明该功能纳米粒子在小鼠体内具有良好的光热效果。

Claims (4)

1.一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,其特征在于:该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)称量牛血清蛋白粉末溶解于去离子水中,加入吡咯单体,充分搅拌得到均一透明的溶液;再称取过二硫酸钾溶解于去离子水中,然后缓慢滴入上述透明溶液,在4℃条件下保温12-24h,使吡咯单体的充分聚合,制得蛋白稳定的聚吡咯纳米粒子分散液;
牛血清蛋白粉末与吡咯单体的质量比为1:0.5-1;
牛血清蛋白粉末与水的质量比为0.003-0.008:1;
过二硫酸钾与吡咯的质量比1-1.5:1;
过二硫酸钾与水的质量比0.006-0.012:1;
(2)向步骤(1)的分散液中加入氯化钆溶液,充分混合15-30min,然后调节体系pH至10-12,并在37℃的水浴锅中保温6-12h,最后用透析袋透析3天进行纯化,得到蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子的分散液,并保存于4℃冰箱中;
聚吡咯纳米粒子分散液中加入氯化钆溶液的量300-400μL,浓度为25mM。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)的过二硫酸钾为重结晶处理的。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)吡咯单体聚合时,反应溶液由墨绿色变为深黑色即可结束反应。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种蛋白稳定的聚吡咯功能纳米粒子制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中调节体系pH可以使用氢氧化钠溶液、氨水溶液。
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