CN107653694A - 一种复合阻尼材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合阻尼材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107653694A
CN107653694A CN201710766791.2A CN201710766791A CN107653694A CN 107653694 A CN107653694 A CN 107653694A CN 201710766791 A CN201710766791 A CN 201710766791A CN 107653694 A CN107653694 A CN 107653694A
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damping
woven fabrics
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王之霖
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Changzhou Minnesota European Packaging Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合阻尼材料及其制备方法，属于功能材料技术领域。本发明采用约束阻尼结构，利用分子链的内摩擦以及阻尼层与约束层间约束振动协同阻尼减振机制，通过纤维和树脂界面的不连续性存在较大剪切应变引起能量的损耗，具有良好的阻尼效果，同时本发明通过改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠，并复合环氧树脂，显著改变复合材料振动特性，调整结构刚度和阻尼性能之间的匹配关系，达到良好的力学性能和阻尼效果，且本发明制备的阻尼材料不含有机溶剂，安全环保，对环境无污染，且无异味，可设计性强，可通过调整阻尼层和约束层的厚度，满足不同的使用要求，具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种复合阻尼材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合阻尼材料及其制备方法，属于功能材料技术领域。
背景技术
由于高铁及大型机械等的振动噪声污染不可忽视，尤其低频噪声对人体的危害尤其严重。阻尼减振降噪技术是吸收噪声和振动极为有效的方法之一。聚合物基阻尼材料因具有可设计性及其耗能的性质，而被广泛应用于现代航空、航天、航海、交通运输、大型机械设备等各大领域，控制由机械振动而产生的振动、噪声及疲劳失效等问题，长期以来是阻尼材料的研究热点。
结构设计合理的多组分混杂复合材料能够最大限度地发挥各自突出的物理或化学特性从而拥有良好的综合性能，目前研究最多的是在树脂基复合材料层间添加高阻尼的黏弹性材料制备共固化结构阻尼复合材料。
高铁厢板采用的是沥青基阻尼材料，其有如下缺点：高温下有异味；低温时材料变硬，阻尼效果降低；且沥青基阻尼材料属于自由阻尼结构，减振降噪效果有限，黏弹性材料存在弹性模量和玻璃化转变温度普遍较低、阻尼性能和刚度受到温度和频率的影响大等缺点，这导致共固化复合材料的力学性能和阻尼效果明显低于预期。因此，开发工程上最适阻尼结构，制备成为结构阻尼一体化技术的主要发展方向。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对目前沥青基阻尼材料高温下有异味，低温时材料变硬，阻尼效果降低，且沥青基阻尼材料属于自由阻尼结构，减振降噪效果有限，黏弹性材料存在弹性模量和玻璃化转变温度普遍较低、阻尼性能和刚度受到温度和频率的影响大，导致共固化复合材料的力学性能和阻尼效果明显低于预期等问题，提供了一种复合阻尼材料及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种复合阻尼材料，包括阻尼层和约束层，其特征在于，所述阻尼层为改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠6~10层制得，所述约束层为环氧树脂、稀释剂、二氧化硅、滑石粉、沉淀硫酸钡、有机膨润土、润湿分散剂、去离子水、消泡剂、水性环氧固化剂制得。
所述改性植物纤维无纺布为植物纤维无纺布浸泡在聚偏二氟乙烯溶液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2制得，所述植物纤维为剑麻纤维、黄麻纤维、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维。
所述改性尼龙无纺布为尼龙无纺布浸泡在聚偏二氟乙烯溶液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2制得。
所述约束层各组分原料重量份为30~50份环氧树脂，5~8份稀释剂，3~5份二氧化硅，10~20份滑石粉，10~20份沉淀硫酸钡，15~30份有机膨润土，0.5~1.0份润湿分散剂，10~20份去离子水，0.5~1.0份消泡剂，20~30份水性环氧固化剂。
所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂E51，双酚A型环氧树脂E41中的任意一种。
所述稀释剂为烯丙基缩水甘油醚，丁基缩水甘油醚中的任意一种。
所述润湿分散剂为焦磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠中的任意一种。
所述水性环氧固化剂为水性环氧固化剂H201B、水性环氧固化剂H205B、水性环氧固化剂H206B中的任意一种。
所述的一种复合阻尼材料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤为：
S1.取聚偏二氟乙烯溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中，得改性液；
S2.取植物纤维无纺布浸泡在改性液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2，得改性植物纤维无纺布；
S3.取尼龙无纺布浸泡在改性液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2，得改性尼龙无纺布；
S4.将改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠6~10层，控制厚度为3~10mm，得阻尼层；
S5.取环氧树脂加入反应釜中，加热至100~110℃，并抽真空至0.08~0.09MPa，搅拌20~30min后加入稀释剂、二氧化硅、滑石粉、沉淀硫酸钡、有机膨润土、润湿分散剂，继续搅拌1~2h，降温至80~90℃后加入去离子水、消泡剂、水性环氧固化剂，搅拌5~8min，得约束层液；
S6.将约束层液涂覆在阻尼层表面，控制涂覆量为60~90g/m2，厚度为15~30mm，在抽真空至0.06~0.08MPa下升温至60~80℃，保温固化2~3h，再升温至120~180℃，保温固化2~3h后取出，得复合阻尼材料。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
（1）本发明采用约束阻尼结构，利用分子链的内摩擦以及阻尼层与约束层间约束振动协同阻尼减振机制，通过纤维和树脂界面的不连续性存在较大剪切应变引起能量的损耗，具有良好的阻尼效果；
（2）本发明通过改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠，并复合环氧树脂，显著改变复合材料振动特性，调整结构刚度和阻尼性能之间的匹配关系，达到良好的力学性能和阻尼效果；
（3）本发明制备的阻尼材料不含有机溶剂，安全环保，对环境无污染，且无异味，可设计性强，可通过调整阻尼层和约束层的厚度，满足不同的使用要求。
具体实施方式
取100~200g聚偏二氟乙烯，加入1~2L二甲基甲酰胺中，在90~95℃下，以300~400r/min搅拌至聚偏二氟乙烯完全溶解，得改性液，取植物纤维无纺布浸泡在改性液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2，得改性植物纤维无纺布，取尼龙无纺布浸泡在改性液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2，得改性尼龙无纺布，将改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠6~10层，控制厚度为3~10mm，得阻尼层，
取30~50g环氧树脂加入反应釜中，加热至100~110℃，并抽真空至0.08~0.09MPa，以120~150r/min搅拌20~30min，再加入5~8g稀释剂，3~5g二氧化硅，10~20g滑石粉，10~20g沉淀硫酸钡，15~30g有机膨润土，0.5~1.0g润湿分散剂，继续搅拌1~2h，降温至80~90℃后加入10~20g去离子水，0.5~1.0g消泡剂，20~30g水性环氧固化剂，以100~120r/min搅拌5~8min，得约束层液，将约束层液涂覆在阻尼层表面，控制涂覆量为60~90g/m2,，厚度为15~30mm，在抽真空至0.06~0.08MPa下升温至60~80℃，保温固化2~3h，再升温至120~180℃，保温固化2~3h后取出，得复合阻尼材料。
实例1
取100g聚偏二氟乙烯，加入1L二甲基甲酰胺中，在90℃下，以300r/min搅拌至聚偏二氟乙烯完全溶解，得改性液，取植物纤维无纺布浸泡在改性液中3min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20g/m2，得改性植物纤维无纺布，取尼龙无纺布浸泡在改性液中3min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20g/m2，得改性尼龙无纺布，将改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠6层，控制厚度为3mm，得阻尼层，取30g环氧树脂加入反应釜中，加热至100℃，并抽真空至0.08MPa，以120r/min搅拌20min，再加入5g稀释剂，3g二氧化硅，10g滑石粉，10g沉淀硫酸钡，15g有机膨润土，0.5g润湿分散剂，继续搅拌1h，降温至80℃后加入10g去离子水，0.5g消泡剂，20g水性环氧固化剂，以100r/min搅拌5min，得约束层液，将约束层液涂覆在阻尼层表面，控制涂覆量为60g/m2,，厚度为15mm，在抽真空至0.06MPa下升温至60℃，保温固化2h，再升温至120℃，保温固化2h后取出，得复合阻尼材料。
实例2
取150g聚偏二氟乙烯，加入1L二甲基甲酰胺中，在92℃下，以350r/min搅拌至聚偏二氟乙烯完全溶解，得改性液，取植物纤维无纺布浸泡在改性液中4min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为25g/m2，得改性植物纤维无纺布，取尼龙无纺布浸泡在改性液中4min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为25g/m2，得改性尼龙无纺布，将改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠8层，控制厚度为6mm，得阻尼层，取40g环氧树脂加入反应釜中，加热至105℃，并抽真空至0.08MPa，以130r/min搅拌25min，再加入6g稀释剂，4g二氧化硅，15g滑石粉，15g沉淀硫酸钡，20g有机膨润土，0.8g润湿分散剂，继续搅拌1h，降温至85℃后加入15g去离子水，0.8g消泡剂，25g水性环氧固化剂，以110r/min搅拌6min，得约束层液，将约束层液涂覆在阻尼层表面，控制涂覆量为80g/m2,，厚度为20mm，在抽真空至0.07MPa下升温至70℃，保温固化2h，再升温至160℃，保温固化2h后取出，得复合阻尼材料。
实例3
取200g聚偏二氟乙烯，加入2L二甲基甲酰胺中，在95℃下，以400r/min搅拌至聚偏二氟乙烯完全溶解，得改性液，取植物纤维无纺布浸泡在改性液中5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为30g/m2，得改性植物纤维无纺布，取尼龙无纺布浸泡在改性液中5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为30g/m2，得改性尼龙无纺布，将改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠10层，控制厚度为10mm，得阻尼层，取50g环氧树脂加入反应釜中，加热至110℃，并抽真空至0.09MPa，以150r/min搅拌30min，再加入8g稀释剂，5g二氧化硅，20g滑石粉，20g沉淀硫酸钡，30g有机膨润土，1.0g润湿分散剂，继续搅拌2h，降温至90℃后加入20g去离子水，1.0g消泡剂，30g水性环氧固化剂，以120r/min搅拌8min，得约束层液，将约束层液涂覆在阻尼层表面，控制涂覆量为90g/m2,，厚度为30mm，在抽真空至0.08MPa下升温至80℃，保温固化3h，再升温至180℃，保温固化3h后取出，得复合阻尼材料。
对照例：高铁厢板沥青基阻尼材料。
将实例及对照例的阻尼材料进行检测，具体检测结果如表1。
表1
检测项目 实例1 实例2 实例3 对照例
阻尼因子 0.31 0.35 0.38 0.21
阻尼系数N/（m/s） 0.64 0.67 0.75 0.52
拉伸强度MPa 5.5 5.9 6.1 4.3
断裂伸长率 7.76 7.81 7.88 7.12
由表1可知，本发明制备的复合阻尼材料具有良好的力学性能和阻尼效果，值得推广使用。

Claims (9)

1.一种复合阻尼材料，包括阻尼层和约束层，其特征在于，所述阻尼层为改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠6~10层制得，所述约束层为环氧树脂、稀释剂、二氧化硅、滑石粉、沉淀硫酸钡、有机膨润土、润湿分散剂、去离子水、消泡剂、水性环氧固化剂制得。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种复合阻尼材料，其特征在于，所述改性植物纤维无纺布为植物纤维无纺布浸泡在聚偏二氟乙烯溶液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2制得，所述植物纤维为剑麻纤维、黄麻纤维、苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种复合阻尼材料，其特征在于，所述改性尼龙无纺布为尼龙无纺布浸泡在聚偏二氟乙烯溶液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2制得。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种复合阻尼材料，其特征在于，所述约束层各组分原料重量份为30~50份环氧树脂，5~8份稀释剂，3~5份二氧化硅，10~20份滑石粉，10~20份沉淀硫酸钡，15~30份有机膨润土，0.5~1.0份润湿分散剂，10~20份去离子水，0.5~1.0份消泡剂，20~30份水性环氧固化剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种复合阻尼材料，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂E51，双酚A型环氧树脂E41中的任意一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种复合阻尼材料，其特征在于，所述稀释剂为烯丙基缩水甘油醚，丁基缩水甘油醚中的任意一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种复合阻尼材料，其特征在于，所述润湿分散剂为焦磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠中的任意一种。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种复合阻尼材料，其特征在于，所述水性环氧固化剂为水性环氧固化剂H201B、水性环氧固化剂H205B、水性环氧固化剂H206B中的任意一种。
9.如权利要求1~8任意一项所述的一种复合阻尼材料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤为：
S1.取聚偏二氟乙烯溶解在二甲基甲酰胺中，得改性液；
S2.取植物纤维无纺布浸泡在改性液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2，得改性植物纤维无纺布；
S3.取尼龙无纺布浸泡在改性液中3~5min后取出，用轧机扎去多余改性液，控制负载量为20~30g/m2，得改性尼龙无纺布；
S4.将改性植物纤维无纺布与改性尼龙无纺布交替层叠6~10层，控制厚度为3~10mm，得阻尼层；
S5.取环氧树脂加入反应釜中，加热至100~110℃，并抽真空至0.08~0.09MPa，搅拌20~30min后加入稀释剂、二氧化硅、滑石粉、沉淀硫酸钡、有机膨润土、润湿分散剂，继续搅拌1~2h，降温至80~90℃后加入去离子水、消泡剂、水性环氧固化剂，搅拌5~8min，得约束层液；
S6.将约束层液涂覆在阻尼层表面，控制涂覆量为60~90g/m2，厚度为15~30mm，在抽真空至0.06~0.08MPa下升温至60~80℃，保温固化2~3h，再升温至120~180℃，保温固化2~3h后取出，得复合阻尼材料。
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