CN107643541A - Normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern - Google Patents
Normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern, comprises the following steps：Step 1：Normal-moveout spectrum is produced using surface seismic pre stack data CMP (CMP) trace gather data；Step 2：Determine initial velocity model function；Step 3：Based on initial velocity model function, at least one seed point is selected in CMP, asks for the initial velocity model function at seed point；Step 4：Using the initial velocity model function at seed point as constraint, in the speed of the maximum point of normal-moveout spectrum rise time axle pickup spectrum energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil gas and coalbed gas seismic exploration and the velocity modeling technology of development field, more particularly to a kind of base
In the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation of rate pattern.
Background technology
Seimic wave velocity is one of most important parameter in seismic prospecting, it through seismic processing and explain whole mistake
Journey.But in different phase, source, meaning and the application of seimic wave velocity are all different.At seism processing initial stage,
Typically all without suitable rate pattern, it is necessary to obtain stack velocity by the velocity analysis of routine, and be all to be superimposed
Speed is equal to root mean sequare velocity, and is superimposed with this to enter action school, obtains stacked section or carries out pre-stack time migration, or
Person is based on root mean sequare velocity model and carries out time and depth transfer going forward side by side a stepping line displacement velocity analysis.
Therefore, in the processing of oil-gas exploration seismic data, stack velocity analysis is both basic and very important
Seismic data process content, it is the foundation for realizing the common CMP trace gathers superposition of seismic prospecting multi-fold, and support is accurately
Shake the basis of image taking speed modeling.
Stack velocity analysis is the way of realization based on normal-moveout spectrum, is according to existing between the exciting and receive of seismic signal
NMO (normal moveout) principle, be scanned using a series of previously given rate curves, calculate CMP trace gather Zhong Ge roads successively
NMO (normal moveout), then enter to take action school and superposition, m- speed-stack power matrix when obtaining.
The explanation of stack velocity spectrum is to be based on in-phase stacking energy maximum principle, and being exactly can be just when sweep speed is correct
NMO (normal moveout) and the normal-moveout correction in each road are really calculated, realizes the in-phase stacking of each track data in CMP trace gathers, now folded
Add energy maximum.Therefore, the explanation of stack velocity spectrum is that relatively reliable on normal-moveout spectrum and superposition energy is analyzed and chosen along time shaft
Measure larger energy group.
In fact, in the seism processing of reality, influence stack velocity spectrum calculating and the factor of Explanation Accuracy be a lot,
Such as random noise in earthquake record, signal to noise ratio, complicated structure, the interference of ripple, stratigraphic dip etc., these influence factors are not
It may comprehensively be described by mathematical modeling, or eliminated comprehensively by data processing.Therefore, during actual back wave away from
Curve has not been the hyperbola form in preferable meaning, and stack velocity spectrum would generally show energy group out-focus, in time shaft
The variation tendency of upper speed is not unique, velocity variations are big or speed is reversed etc..
The condition of seismic prospecting and the signal to noise ratio of observational data are limited by due to the precision of stack velocity analysis, in normal-moveout spectrum
On show multi-solution and ambiguity, therefore, the explanation of normal-moveout spectrum substantially uses interactive mode, and this is also current routine
A maximum link of manual operation load in seism processing.Therefore, the automatic means of interpretation of speed is also constantly released.It is existing
The automatic means of interpretation of speed is generally basede on global optimization approach, such as based on monte carlo method etc..The algorithm of this kind of method is easy
It is less demanding to object function in design, so as to be widely used.But then, the efficiency of this kind of method is low, it is impossible to ensures production
The optimal solution of raw optimization problem, and conclusion is often with randomness.In addition, it is to be based on to also have the automatic means of interpretation of some speed
The method of local optimal searching, including Newton method, conjugate gradient method, neural net method etc..Although this kind of method has higher calculating
Efficiency, but algorithm is complicated, generally requires to provide effective information using derivative to find extreme point.Analysis of the direct method to function
Property does not require, and it passes through the big of direct comparison function value according to certain mathematical principle with as far as possible few amount of calculation
It is small to determine the position of extreme point.But the obtained result of the automatic explanation merely based on normal-moveout spectrum may not be it is quite reasonable,
Irrational interval velocity can be caused.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern, its multiple step can be by soft
Part performs automatically, can reduce the workload of operating personnel, shortens the seism processing cycle.
The present invention uses solution below：
A kind of normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Normal-moveout spectrum is produced using surface seismic pre stack data CMP (CMP) trace gather data；
Step 2：Determine initial velocity model function；
Step 3：Based on the initial velocity model function, at least one seed point is selected in the CMP, is asked for described
Initial velocity model function at seed point；
Step 4：Using the initial velocity model function at the seed point as constraint, in the normal-moveout spectrum rise time axle
Pick up the speed of the maximum point of spectrum energy.
Preferably, shown in the initial velocity model function such as below equation (1)：
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ (1)
Wherein, t represents time, vrms(t) root mean sequare velocity during time t, v are represented0Represent the stratum when time is zero
Root mean sequare velocity, α, β are undetermined coefficient.
Preferably, the root mean sequare velocity v is determined using the normal-moveout spectrum by following steps0, factor alpha and β：
Being chosen along time shaft traversal makes the centrifugal pump of the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy on the normal-moveout spectrum；
Based on the centrifugal pump chosen, the root mean sequare velocity v is solved according to the formula (1)0, factor alpha and β.
Preferably, the initial velocity model function at the seed point is asked for by following steps：
Manual Speed is carried out to the seed point and composes pickup；
Row interpolation is entered along time shaft to the pickup result in the seed point, obtains the initial velocity mould at the seed point
Type function.
Preferably, piecewise linear interpolation is carried out along time shaft to the pickup result in the seed point, obtains the seed
Initial velocity model function at point.
Preferably, select the initial velocity model function flex point or extreme point corresponding to CMP points as seed point.
Preferably, the initial velocity model function vz at the seed pointrms(t) picked up by below equation (2) constraint
The root mean sequare velocity of point
Wherein, λl,λuLower limit threshold values and upper limit threshold values are represented respectively.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are determined just based on normal-moveout spectrum caused by CMP trace gather data
Beginning rate pattern function, on the basis of initial velocity model function, select representative seed point in CMP, and with
The initial velocity model function of seed point picks up the maximum point of spectrum energy, so as to realize normal-moveout spectrum as constraint on normal-moveout spectrum
Explanation.The determination of initial velocity model function and the normal-moveout spectrum pickup constrained based on seed point can be held automatically by software
OK, so as to which seism processing person be freed from heavy man-machine interactive normal-moveout spectrum pickup work, manual work is reduced
Measure, and the seism processing cycle can be shortened.
Brief description of the drawings
Disclosure exemplary embodiment is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure it is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent.
Fig. 1 shows the flow of the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern and global optimizing according to exemplary embodiment
Figure.
Embodiment
Preferred embodiment of the present disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although the disclosure is shown in accompanying drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without should be limited by embodiments set forth here
System.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure is more thorough and complete, and can be complete by the scope of the present disclosure
Ground is communicated to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows the flow of the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern and global optimizing according to exemplary embodiment
Figure, it comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Normal-moveout spectrum is produced using surface seismic pre stack data common midpoint gather data
First, normal-moveout spectrum is produced using surface seismic pre stack data CMP (CMP) trace gather data.Normal-moveout spectrum can be
Similar spectrum or coherence spectra.For a CMP trace gather data, its normal-moveout spectrum can be expressed as S (t, Vrms(t)), its
Middle t is the time, vrms(t) root mean sequare velocity when being time t.
Step 2：Determine initial velocity model function
Generally, the full curve that can be expressed by formula represents initial velocity model function, such as below equation
(1) shown in：
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ (1)
Wherein, t represents time, vrms(t) root mean sequare velocity during time t, v are represented0Represent the stratum when time is zero
Root mean sequare velocity, α, β are undetermined coefficient.
Initial velocity model function shown in formula (1) goes for most of geological conditions.It is of course also possible to according to
Actual conditions build similar initial velocity model function.
For certain geological data once collected in some specific area, v0, α, β be undetermined coefficient.Need profit
These coefficients are determined with normal-moveout spectrum.By following steps coefficient v can be determined using normal-moveout spectrum0、α、β：First, along time shaft time
Going through on selection normal-moveout spectrum makes the centrifugal pump of the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy, chosen centrifugal pump is then based on, according to upper
State formula (1) and calculate acquisition coefficient v0、α、β。
In addition, in addition to it can select the initial velocity model function of different expression-forms according to different regions, may be used also
To specify v according to actual conditions0, α, β hunting zone.
Step 3：Based on initial velocity model function, at least one seed point is selected in CMP, is asked for first at seed point
Beginning rate pattern function.
Under normal conditions, traversal selection is carried out along time shaft by manually or automatically pick-up method, is all to be made
Root mean sequare velocity maximum spectrum energy S just stopped.However, because the initial velocity model function shown in formula (1) is fitting
Function, it maintains the variation tendency of speed, but does not ensure that the curve of the initial velocity model function after determining coefficient
Strictly pass through the maximum point of spectrum energy.
In the exemplary embodiment, foregoing step can be passed through by automatic pick method (such as by existing software)
2 carry out traversal selection along time shaft, make the maximum root mean sequare velocities of spectrum energy S as initial value using what is obtained.Then, based on by
The initial velocity model function being initially worth to, selects at least one seed point in CMP, asks for the initial velocity at seed point
Pattern function.
Seed point is some points in full work area CMP points, and the initial velocity model function curve on these aspects has certain
Representativeness.In the exemplary embodiment, select initial velocity model function flex point or extreme point corresponding to CMP point conducts
Seed point.At the flex point of initial velocity model function or extreme point, the speed of corresponding CMP points is undergone mutation, such as prominent
So increase or reduction, elect such CMP points as seed point.Initial velocity model Function Extreme Value point meets following condition：Just
The first derivative of beginning rate pattern function is zero or is not present that the flex point of rate pattern function meets following condition：Initial speed
The second dervative of degree pattern function is zero or is not present.
It can be calculated by computer and determine seed point.Or operator can also according to initial velocity model function and its
Caused stacked section, hence it is evident that judge the CMP points that speed is undergone mutation, and be defined as seed point.
By above description, either calculated by computer and determine seed point, or selected by hand by operator
Seed point, the selection of seed point will be based on the work area initial velocity model function established in advance.To work area VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION one
In the case of ignorant, seed point can not be selected.
After determining seed point, Manual Speed is carried out to each seed point and composes pickup, because pickup result is that some are discrete
Sparse distribution, it is therefore desirable to row interpolation is entered along time shaft to the pickup result in each seed point, it is every in the seed point to obtain
The initial velocity model function of speed on individual time point, i.e. seed point.Interpolation method can be any one one-dimensional interpolation side
Method, subsection linearity inser value method is recommended in the exemplary embodiment.
Step 4：Using the initial velocity model function at seed point as constraint, spectrum energy is picked up in normal-moveout spectrum rise time axle
Measure the speed of maximum point
In this step, can using the initial velocity model function at seed point as constraint, by software realize along when
The speed of the maximum point of countershaft automatic Picking spectrum energy, substitutes conventional artificial pickup.
The constraint of initial velocity model function at seed point can be embodied in two aspects, when in terms of spatial dimension,
Second, in terms of time range.
, can be according to being actually needed, in terms of spatial dimension by the initial velocity model function of some seed point about
Beam velocity pick a little.Or the space constraint model of the initial velocity model function of some seed point can also be specified
Enclose.
The space constraint model of some seed point can be determined by browsing the initial velocity model of formula (1) acquisition
Enclose：If the variation tendency of the initial velocity model function of some CMP point around a seed point is initial with the seed point
The variation tendency of rate pattern function is consistent, then the CMP points are fallen into the range of the space constraint of the seed point.
Preferably, the space constraint scope of the seed point can be determined in the lump when selecting seed point.
In terms of the constraint of initial velocity model function at seed point can also show the time, i.e., to each point in space
Speed enter row constraint along time shaft.Specifically, initial velocity model function constraint each time point at seed point is passed through
Locate the bound of root mean sequare velocity.For example, for the initial velocity model function vz at seed pointrms(t), can be according to following
The root mean sequare velocity of formula (2) constraint institute pickup point
Wherein, λl、λuLower limit threshold values and upper limit threshold values are represented respectively.
The root mean sequare velocity of the point picked upShould be between speed limit and lower velocity limit.
Under the constraint of initial velocity model function at seed point, can be maximum along time shaft automatic Picking spectrum energy
The speed of point, to complete the pickup of the normal-moveout spectrum under rate pattern function constraint.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is a kind of embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, in this hair
On the basis of bright principle disclosed, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, it is above-mentioned specific to be not limited solely to the present invention
The description of embodiment, therefore description above is simply preferable, and not restrictive meaning.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Normal-moveout spectrum is produced using surface seismic pre stack data CMP (CMP) trace gather data；
Step 2：Determine initial velocity model function；
Step 3：Based on the initial velocity model function, at least one seed point is selected in the CMP, asks for the seed
Initial velocity model function at point；
Step 4：Using the initial velocity model function at the seed point as constraint, picked up in the normal-moveout spectrum rise time axle
The speed of the maximum point of spectrum energy.
2. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 1 based on rate pattern, wherein the initial velocity model letter
Number is as shown in below equation (1)：
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ (1)
Wherein, t represents time, vrms(t) root mean sequare velocity during time t, v are represented0Represent the square of the stratum when time is zero
Root speed, α, β are undetermined coefficient.
3. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 1 based on rate pattern, wherein utilizing institute by following steps
State normal-moveout spectrum and determine the root mean sequare velocity v0, factor alpha and β：
Being chosen along time shaft traversal makes the centrifugal pump of the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy on the normal-moveout spectrum；
Based on the centrifugal pump chosen, the root mean sequare velocity v is solved according to the formula (1)0, factor alpha and β.
4. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 1 based on rate pattern, wherein asking for institute by following steps
State the initial velocity model function at seed point：
Manual Speed is carried out to the seed point and composes pickup；
Row interpolation is entered along time shaft to the pickup result in the seed point, obtains the initial velocity model letter at the seed point
Number.
5. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 4 based on rate pattern, wherein to picking up in the seed point
Take result to carry out piecewise linear interpolation along time shaft, obtain the initial velocity model function at the seed point.
6. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 1 based on rate pattern, wherein selecting the initial velocity mould
CMP points corresponding to the flex point or extreme point of type function are as seed point.
7. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 1 based on rate pattern, wherein initial at the seed point
Rate pattern function vzrms(t) root mean sequare velocity of institute's pickup point is constrained by below equation (2)
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</msub>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>vz</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>^</mo>
</mover>
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
</msub>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>vz</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
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<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, λl,λuLower limit threshold values and upper limit threshold values are represented respectively.
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| CN109031421A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-12-18 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | A kind of stack velocity spectrum pick-up method and processing terminal based on deeply study |
| CN111624653A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-09-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Automatic seismic velocity picking method and device |
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| CN109031421A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-12-18 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | A kind of stack velocity spectrum pick-up method and processing terminal based on deeply study |
| CN111624653A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-09-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Automatic seismic velocity picking method and device |
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