CN111624653A - Automatic seismic velocity picking method and device - Google Patents
Automatic seismic velocity picking method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111624653A CN111624653A CN202010311499.3A CN202010311499A CN111624653A CN 111624653 A CN111624653 A CN 111624653A CN 202010311499 A CN202010311499 A CN 202010311499A CN 111624653 A CN111624653 A CN 111624653A
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- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IERHLVCPSMICTF-XVFCMESISA-N CMP group Chemical group P(=O)(O)(O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N1C(=O)N=C(N)C=C1)O)O IERHLVCPSMICTF-XVFCMESISA-N 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
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- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
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Abstract
The application discloses an automatic seismic velocity picking method and device, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a velocity spectrum of a target work area of seismic velocity to be picked; designating a time-seismic velocity pair picked from a target seismic channel as a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, and searching an energy cluster in a set time range and a set velocity range from a velocity spectrum by using a reliable time-seismic velocity center; and picking up a time-seismic velocity pair from the center position of the searched maximum energy cluster as the seismic velocity of the adjacent seismic channel of the target seismic channel. According to the method and the device, the time for picking up the seismic velocity is shortened on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of picking up the seismic velocity, and the efficiency of picking up the seismic velocity is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of exploration geophysics, in particular to a method and a device for automatically picking up seismic speed.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
The correctness of the seismic velocity is related to the subsequent processing effect, in the current conventional seismic data processing, the seismic velocity is usually picked up manually, the manually picked seismic velocity can integrate information in various aspects, such as avoiding multiple energy clusters, integrating whether the homodyne axis is leveled and the like, and the speed discrimination capability is strong, the flexibility is certain, but the defects of low efficiency, long time consumption and the like exist; particularly for three-dimensional seismic data, a large amount of time is consumed by processing personnel to carry out velocity picking.
With the progress of seismic processing technology, learners adopt an optimization algorithm and a maximum similarity measurement criterion to pick up the velocity, and take a layer velocity model as an initial velocity model and disturb the initial velocity model to automatically search for an energy cluster of a velocity spectrum so as to obtain a reasonable velocity model. Still, researchers have studied the seismic stack velocity automatic picking method based on deep learning, but the learning process takes too long, and no manual intervention or quality monitoring is performed in the middle, so that errors are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an automatic seismic velocity picking method, which is used for reducing the time for picking up seismic velocity and improving the efficiency of seismic velocity picking on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of seismic velocity picking, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring a velocity spectrum of a target work area of seismic velocity to be picked; designating a time-seismic velocity pair picked from a target seismic channel as a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, and searching an energy cluster in a set time range and a set velocity range from a velocity spectrum by using a reliable time-seismic velocity center; and picking up a time-seismic velocity pair from the center position of the searched maximum energy cluster as the seismic velocity of the adjacent seismic channel of the target seismic channel.
The embodiment of the present application still provides a seismic velocity automatic pickup apparatus for on the basis of guaranteeing seismic velocity and picking up the degree of accuracy, reduce the time of picking up seismic velocity, promote the efficiency that seismic velocity picked up, the device includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a velocity spectrum of a target work area of the seismic velocity to be picked up; the searching module is used for appointing the time-seismic velocity pair picked up from the target seismic trace as a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, and searching the energy mass in a set time range and a set velocity range from the velocity spectrum acquired by the acquiring module by using a reliable time-seismic velocity center; and the determining module is used for picking up a time-seismic velocity pair from the center position of the maximum energy cluster searched by the searching module as the seismic velocity of the adjacent seismic channel of the target seismic channel.
In the embodiment of the application, a target seismic channel is selected in a target work area, then the seismic velocity of the target seismic channel is manually picked up to obtain a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, then the position of the target seismic channel is outwards pushed according to the assumption that the underground medium is usually continuously changed, the seismic velocity of a seismic channel adjacent to the target seismic channel is obtained, and the automatic picking of the seismic velocity is realized. In the process, the manual picking of the seismic velocity is combined with the automatic picking of the seismic velocity, so that the seismic velocity picking accuracy is guaranteed, the time for picking the seismic velocity is shortened, and the seismic velocity picking efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for automatic seismic velocity picking in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a velocity spectrum of a CMP gather in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a superimposed display of a velocity and velocity spectrum of a manual pick in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a superimposed display of the velocity and velocity spectra of the auto pick in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing a manual picking speed and an automatic picking speed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a gather that is dynamically corrected using a velocity of manual picking in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a gather that is kinematically corrected using the speed of automatic pick-up in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a superimposed profile obtained using manual picking speed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a superimposed profile obtained using an automatic pick-up speed in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of a superimposed section obtained by a result of correction of an automatic pickup speed in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic seismic speed pickup device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present application are provided herein to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides an automatic seismic velocity picking method, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes steps 101 to 103:
A curve of a variation relationship between energy of seismic waves and a wave velocity is referred to as a velocity spectrum, the velocity spectrum is generated by gathering seismic data with a Common Middle Point (CMP) gather, and a method for generating the velocity spectrum may refer to the prior art and is not described herein again. Illustratively, the velocity spectrum of a CMP gather is shown in FIG. 2.
And 102, designating the time-seismic velocity pair picked from the target seismic channel as a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, and searching the energy mass in a set time range and a set velocity range from the velocity spectrum by using a reliable time-seismic velocity center.
In one implementation of the embodiment of the present application, in consideration of picking up other seismic velocities with the reliable time-seismic velocity as the reference seismic velocity, the requirement on the accuracy of the reliable time-seismic velocity pair is high, and therefore, the reliable time-seismic velocity pair is picked up manually. Specifically, one or more CMP gathers distributed approximately uniformly are selected by a user from the target work area, and the distances between the selected CMP gathers are substantially equal and are distributed uniformly at each position of the target work area. The time-velocity pairs are manually picked from the selected CMP gather target seismic traces as reliable time-velocity pairs.
After the reliable time-seismic velocity pair is manually picked up, the reliable time-seismic velocity pair can be interpolated in the time direction, and the accuracy of the reliable time-seismic velocity pair is verified through interpolation, for example, as shown in fig. 3, the time direction interpolation is performed on the reliable time-seismic velocity pair, and an obtained schematic diagram of superposition display of the manually picked velocity spectrum and the velocity spectrum is obtained.
After obtaining the reliable time-velocity pairs, the method in step 103 is used to automatically pick up the time-seismic velocity pairs of the adjacent seismic traces of the target seismic trace, i.e. the seismic velocities of the adjacent seismic traces.
The time range and the velocity range are set by the user according to the distance between adjacent CMPs in the target work area and the speed of the velocity change of the seismic waves in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. For example, if the adjacent CMP distance is small and the seismic waves have a slow velocity change in the lateral and longitudinal directions, the time range and the velocity range may be set small; if the distance between adjacent CMPs is large and the velocity of the seismic waves varies rapidly in the lateral and longitudinal directions, the time range and velocity range can be set large. The specific time range and speed range are not limited herein.
And 103, picking up a time-seismic velocity pair from the searched central position of the maximum energy cluster as the seismic velocity of the adjacent seismic channel of the target seismic channel.
Where the geometric center of the largest energy blob is taken as its center location where the time-seismic velocity pair is picked.
Illustratively, the velocity-time pair of the automatic pick-up is interpolated in the time direction to obtain a schematic diagram of the superimposed display of the velocity spectrum and the velocity spectrum of the automatic pick-up as shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the velocity of the automatic pick-up also passes through the energy bolus of the primary wave in the velocity spectrum better. Comparing the manual picking speed with the automatic picking speed, as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the difference is small.
After determining the seismic velocities of the adjacent seismic channels of the target seismic channel, determining the seismic velocities of the adjacent seismic channels of the new target seismic channel by taking the adjacent seismic channels of the target seismic channel as the new target seismic channel, and repeating the steps until the seismic velocities of all seismic channels of the target work area are obtained through picking. That is, the target seismic channel of the manually picked time-seismic velocity pair is used as a seed point, and the seismic velocities of the seismic channels at adjacent positions are determined in turn by recursion until the seismic velocities of all the seismic channels can be obtained.
After the seismic velocities of all seismic channels of the target work area are obtained through picking, time direction interpolation can be carried out on the seismic velocities of all seismic channels to obtain a velocity field; and (5) carrying out concentrated correction and horizontal superposition on the tracks by utilizing the velocity field to obtain a superposition profile.
The stacking section is used for reflecting the seismic velocities of the seismic channels at different times and different positions.
By way of example, FIG. 6 shows a gather that is dynamically corrected using manually picked seismic velocities, and FIG. 7 shows a gather that is dynamically corrected using automatically picked seismic velocities; comparing FIG. 7 with FIG. 6, it can be seen that it is very similar to a gather that is dynamically corrected using manually picked seismic velocities.
Fig. 8 shows a stacking section obtained by manually picking up seismic velocities, fig. 9 shows a stacking section obtained by automatically picking up seismic velocities, and comparing fig. 9 with fig. 8, it can be seen that fig. 9 and fig. 8 are very consistent as a whole, and a relatively accurate seismic velocity can be obtained by using the automatic picking-up method in the embodiment of the present application.
However, as can be seen from a comparison between fig. 9 and 8, since the individual portions of the stacking cross section obtained by the automatically picked seismic velocities and the stacking cross section obtained by the manually picked seismic velocities have a certain difference, manual quality control is required to ensure the quality of the automatically picked seismic velocities.
Specifically, the manual quality control is to manually check the automatically picked seismic velocity according to the acquired stacking section and the automatically picked seismic velocity, pay attention to the part of the stacking section with the improper form, and modify the individual error which may occur. After manual quality control is carried out, individual wrong velocity is corrected, the obtained stacking section is shown in fig. 10, and the corrected stacking section is very consistent with that in fig. 8, so that the method and the device can improve the seismic velocity picking efficiency, save a large amount of labor cost, ensure the seismic velocity quality and ensure the picked seismic velocity precision.
In the embodiment of the application, a target seismic channel is selected in a target work area, then the seismic velocity of the target seismic channel is manually picked up to obtain a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, then the position of the target seismic channel is outwards pushed according to the assumption that the underground medium is usually continuously changed, the seismic velocity of a seismic channel adjacent to the target seismic channel is obtained, and the automatic picking of the seismic velocity is realized. In the process, the manual picking of the seismic velocity is combined with the automatic picking of the seismic velocity, so that the seismic velocity picking accuracy is guaranteed, the time for picking the seismic velocity is shortened, and the seismic velocity picking efficiency is improved.
In the embodiment of the present application, an automatic seismic velocity picking apparatus is provided, and as shown in fig. 11, the apparatus 1100 includes an obtaining module 1101, a searching module 1102, and a determining module 1103.
The acquiring module 1101 is configured to acquire a velocity spectrum of a target work area of the seismic velocity to be picked up.
A searching module 1102, configured to designate the time-seismic velocity pair picked up from the target seismic trace as a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, and search the velocity spectrum acquired by the acquiring module 1101 for an energy blob within a set time range and velocity range with a reliable time-seismic velocity center.
And a determining module 1103, configured to pick up a time-seismic velocity pair from the center position of the maximum energy blob searched by the searching module 1102 as the seismic velocity of the seismic trace adjacent to the target seismic trace.
In an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the determining module 1103 is further configured to:
and carrying out time direction interpolation on the reliable time-seismic velocity to determine the seismic velocity picked up by the target seismic channel at each moment.
In an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the determining module 1103 is further configured to:
and taking the adjacent seismic channels of the target seismic channel as new target seismic channels, determining the seismic velocities of the adjacent seismic channels of the new target seismic channels, and circulating the steps until the seismic velocities of all the seismic channels of the target work area are obtained through picking.
In an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the determining module 1103 is further configured to:
carrying out time direction interpolation on the seismic velocities of all seismic channels to obtain a velocity field;
and (4) carrying out centralized correction and horizontal stacking on the traces by utilizing the velocity field to obtain a seismic velocity stacking section.
In the embodiment of the application, a target seismic channel is selected in a target work area, then the seismic velocity of the target seismic channel is manually picked up to obtain a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, then the position of the target seismic channel is outwards pushed according to the assumption that the underground medium is usually continuously changed, the seismic velocity of a seismic channel adjacent to the target seismic channel is obtained, and the automatic picking of the seismic velocity is realized. In the process, the manual picking of the seismic velocity is combined with the automatic picking of the seismic velocity, so that the seismic velocity picking accuracy is guaranteed, the time for picking the seismic velocity is shortened, and the seismic velocity picking efficiency is improved.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements any one of the methods described in step 101 to step 103 and various implementations thereof.
A computer-readable storage medium is further provided in the embodiments of the present application, and stores a computer program for executing any one of the methods described in steps 101 to 103 and various implementation manners thereof.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are further described in detail for the purpose of illustrating the invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for seismic velocity automatic pickup, the method comprising:
acquiring a velocity spectrum of a target work area of seismic velocity to be picked;
designating a time-seismic velocity pair picked from a target seismic channel as a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, and searching an energy cluster in a set time range and a set velocity range from a velocity spectrum by using a reliable time-seismic velocity center;
and picking up a time-seismic velocity pair from the center position of the searched maximum energy cluster as the seismic velocity of the adjacent seismic channel of the target seismic channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein after designating the time-seismic velocity pair picked from the target seismic trace as a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, the method further comprises:
and carrying out time direction interpolation on the reliable time-seismic velocity to determine the seismic velocity picked up by the target seismic channel at each moment.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after picking the time-seismic velocity pair from the searched center position of the largest energy blob as the seismic velocities of the target trace's neighboring traces, the method further comprises:
and taking the adjacent seismic channels of the target seismic channel as new target seismic channels, determining the seismic velocities of the adjacent seismic channels of the new target seismic channels, and circulating the steps until the seismic velocities of all the seismic channels of the target work area are obtained through picking.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein after picking up the seismic velocities of all seismic traces of the target work area, the method further comprises:
carrying out time direction interpolation on the seismic velocities of all seismic channels to obtain a velocity field;
and (4) carrying out centralized correction and horizontal stacking on the traces by utilizing the velocity field to obtain a seismic velocity stacking section.
5. An automatic seismic velocity pickup apparatus, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a velocity spectrum of a target work area of the seismic velocity to be picked up;
the searching module is used for appointing the time-seismic velocity pair picked up from the target seismic trace as a reliable time-seismic velocity pair, and searching the energy mass in a set time range and a set velocity range from the velocity spectrum acquired by the acquiring module by using a reliable time-seismic velocity center;
and the determining module is used for picking up a time-seismic velocity pair from the center position of the maximum energy cluster searched by the searching module as the seismic velocity of the adjacent seismic channel of the target seismic channel.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the determining module is further configured to:
and carrying out time direction interpolation on the reliable time-seismic velocity to determine the seismic velocity picked up by the target seismic channel at each moment.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the determining module is further configured to:
and taking the adjacent seismic channels of the target seismic channel as new target seismic channels, determining the seismic velocities of the adjacent seismic channels of the new target seismic channels, and circulating the steps until the seismic velocities of all the seismic channels of the target work area are obtained through picking.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the determining module is further configured to:
carrying out time direction interpolation on the seismic velocities of all seismic channels to obtain a velocity field;
and (4) carrying out centralized correction and horizontal stacking on the traces by utilizing the velocity field to obtain a seismic velocity stacking section.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN112379418A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-19 | 山东大学 | Method and system for calculating wave velocity of seismic direct arrival wave |
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