CN107643541B - Normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern - Google Patents
Normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern, comprising the following steps: step 1: normal-moveout spectrum is generated using surface seismic pre stack data common point (CMP) trace gather data；Step 2: determining initial velocity model function；Step 3: being based on initial velocity model function, at least one seed point is selected in CMP, seeks the initial velocity model function at seed point；Step 4: using the initial velocity model function at seed point as constraint, picking up the speed of the maximum point of spectrum energy in normal-moveout spectrum rise time axis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the velocity modeling technology of oil gas and coalbed gas seismic exploration and development field, in particular to a kind of base
In the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation of rate pattern.
Background technique
Seimic wave velocity is one of most important parameter in seismic prospecting, its entire mistake through seismic processing and explanation
Journey.But in different phase, source, meaning and the application of seimic wave velocity are all different.At seism processing initial stage,
Generally all without suitable rate pattern, it is necessary to obtain stack velocity by conventional velocity analysis, and all be that will be superimposed
Speed is equal to root mean sequare velocity, and is superimposed with this to carry out dynamic school, obtains stacked section or carries out pre-stack time migration, or
Person is based on root mean sequare velocity model and carries out time and depth transfer going forward side by side a stepping line displacement velocity analysis.
Therefore, in the processing of oil-gas exploration seismic data, stack velocity analysis is both basic to be also very important
Seismic data process content, it is to realize the foundation of the total CMP trace gather superposition of seismic prospecting multi-fold, and support is accurately
Shake the basis of image taking speed modeling.
Stack velocity analysis is the way of realization based on normal-moveout spectrum, is existed between excitation and reception according to seismic signal
NMO (normal moveout) principle, be scanned using a series of previously given rate curves, successively calculate the road CMP trace gather Zhong Ge
NMO (normal moveout) then carries out dynamic school and superposition, m- speed-stack power matrix when obtaining.
The explanation of stack velocity spectrum is based on in-phase stacking energy maximum principle, and being exactly can be just when scanning speed is correct
It really calculates the NMO (normal moveout) and normal-moveout correction in each road, realizes the in-phase stacking of each track data in CMP trace gather, at this time folded
Add energy maximum.Therefore, the explanation of stack velocity spectrum is that relatively reliable on normal-moveout spectrum and superposition energy is analyzed and sorted along time shaft
Measure biggish energy group.
In fact, there are many factor for influencing stack velocity spectrum calculating and Explanation Accuracy in actual seism processing,
Such as random noise in earthquake record, signal-to-noise ratio, complicated structure, the interference of wave, stratigraphic dip etc., these influence factors are not
It may comprehensively be described by mathematical model, or be eliminated comprehensively by data processing.Therefore, actual back wave when away from
Curve has not been the hyperbola form in ideal meaning, and stack velocity spectrum would generally show energy group out-focus, in time shaft
The variation tendency of upper speed is not unique, velocity variations are big or speed is reversed etc..
The condition of seismic prospecting and the signal-to-noise ratio of observational data are limited by due to the precision of stack velocity analysis, in normal-moveout spectrum
On show multi-solution and ambiguity, therefore, the explanation of normal-moveout spectrum substantially uses interactive mode, this is also current routine
The maximum link of manual operation load in seism processing.Therefore, speed automatic interpretation method is also constantly released.It is existing
Speed automatic interpretation method is generally basede on global optimization approach, such as based on monte carlo method etc..The algorithm of such methods is easy
It is of less demanding to objective function in design, to be widely used.But then, the low efficiency of such methods, it cannot be guaranteed that producing
The optimal solution of raw optimization problem, and conclusion is often with randomness.In addition, being to be based on there are also some speed automatic interpretation methods
Method of local optimal searching, including Newton method, conjugate gradient method, neural network method etc..Although such methods have higher calculating
Efficiency, but algorithm is complicated, generally requires to provide effective information using derivative to find extreme point.Analysis of the direct method to function
Property does not require, and it according to certain mathematical principle, use calculation amount few as far as possible is big by direct comparison function value
The small position to determine extreme point.But the result that merely automatic interpretation based on normal-moveout spectrum obtains may not be it is quite reasonable,
It will lead to unreasonable interval velocity.
Summary of the invention
The normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of, multiple steps can be by soft
Part executes automatically, can reduce the workload of operator, shortens the seism processing period.
The present invention uses following solution:
A kind of normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: generating normal-moveout spectrum using surface seismic pre stack data common point (CMP) trace gather data；
Step 2: determining initial velocity model function；
Step 3: being based on the initial velocity model function, at least one seed point is selected in the CMP, seek described
Initial velocity model function at seed point；
Step 4: using the initial velocity model function at the seed point as constraint, in the normal-moveout spectrum rise time axis
Pick up the speed of the maximum point of spectrum energy.
Preferably, shown in the initial velocity model function such as following formula (1):
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ (1)
Wherein, t indicates time, vrms(t) root mean sequare velocity when time t, v are indicated0Indicate the stratum when time is zero
Root mean sequare velocity, α, β are undetermined coefficient.
Preferably, the root mean sequare velocity v is determined using the normal-moveout spectrum by following steps0, factor alpha and β:
The discrete value for making the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy on the normal-moveout spectrum is sorted along time shaft traversal；
Based on the discrete value sorted, the root mean sequare velocity v is solved according to the formula (1)0, factor alpha and β.
Preferably, the initial velocity model function at the seed point is sought by following steps:
Manual Speed is carried out to the seed point and composes pickup；
Interpolation is carried out along time shaft to the pickup result in the seed point, obtains the initial velocity mould at the seed point
Type function.
Preferably, piecewise linear interpolation is carried out along time shaft to the pickup result in the seed point, obtains the seed
Initial velocity model function at point.
Preferably, select the initial velocity model function inflection point or extreme point corresponding to CMP point as seed point.
Preferably, the initial velocity model function vz at the seed pointrms(t) it is picked up by following formula (2) constraint
The root mean sequare velocity of point
Wherein, λl,λuRespectively indicate lower limit threshold values and upper limit threshold values.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are the normal-moveout spectrums generated based on CMP trace gather data to determine just
Beginning rate pattern function selects representative seed point on the basis of initial velocity model function in CMP, and with
The initial velocity model function of seed point picks up the maximum point of spectrum energy, to realize normal-moveout spectrum as constraint on normal-moveout spectrum
Explanation.The determination of initial velocity model function and the normal-moveout spectrum pickup constrained based on seed point can be held automatically by software
Row reduces manual work so that seism processing person be freed from heavy man-machine interactive normal-moveout spectrum pickup work
It measures, and the seism processing period can be shortened.
Detailed description of the invention
Disclosure exemplary embodiment is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure it is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent.
Fig. 1 shows the process of the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern and global optimizing accoding to exemplary embodiment
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Preferred embodiment of the present disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without that should be limited by embodiments set forth here
System.On the contrary, thesing embodiments are provided so that the disclosure is more thorough and complete, and can be complete by the scope of the present disclosure
Ground is communicated to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows the process of the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern and global optimizing accoding to exemplary embodiment
Figure comprising following steps:
Step 1: generating normal-moveout spectrum using surface seismic pre stack data common midpoint gather data
Firstly, generating normal-moveout spectrum using surface seismic pre stack data common point (CMP) trace gather data.Normal-moveout spectrum can be
Similar spectrum, is also possible to coherence spectra.For a CMP trace gather data, normal-moveout spectrum can be expressed as S (t, Vrms(t)),
Middle t is time, vrms(t) be time t when root mean sequare velocity.
Step 2: determining initial velocity model function
Under normal circumstances, the full curve that can be expressed by formula indicates initial velocity model function, such as following formula
(1) shown in:
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ (1)
Wherein, t indicates time, vrms(t) root mean sequare velocity when time t, v are indicated0Indicate the stratum when time is zero
Root mean sequare velocity, α, β are undetermined coefficient.
Initial velocity model function shown in formula (1) can be adapted for most of geological conditions.It is of course also possible to according to
Actual conditions construct similar initial velocity model function.
For certain primary collected seismic data in some specific area, v0, α, β be undetermined coefficient.Need benefit
These coefficients are determined with normal-moveout spectrum.Coefficient v can be determined using normal-moveout spectrum by following steps0, α, β: firstly, along time shaft time
The discrete value for sorting and making the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy on normal-moveout spectrum is gone through, sorted discrete value is then based on, according to upper
It states formula (1) and calculates acquisition coefficient v0、α、β。
In addition, may be used also other than it can select the initial velocity model function of different expression-forms according to different regions
To specify v according to the actual situation0, α, β search range.
Step 3: being based on initial velocity model function, at least one seed point is selected in CMP, seek first at seed point
Beginning rate pattern function.
In general, traversal sorting is carried out along time shaft by manually or automatically pick-up method, is all to be made
The maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy S just stopped.However, the initial velocity model function as shown in formula (1) is fitting
Function, it maintains the variation tendency of speed, but does not ensure that the curve of the initial velocity model function after determining coefficient
Strictly pass through the maximum point of spectrum energy.
It in the exemplary embodiment, can be by automatic pick method (such as passing through existing software) by aforementioned step
2 carry out traversal sorting along time shaft, make the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy S as initial value for what is obtained.Then, based on by
The initial velocity model function that initial value obtains, selects at least one seed point in CMP, seeks the initial velocity at seed point
Pattern function.
Seed point is some points in full work area CMP point, and the initial velocity model function curve on these aspects has certain
Representativeness.In the exemplary embodiment, select initial velocity model function inflection point or extreme point corresponding to CMP point as
Seed point.At the inflection point of initial velocity model function or extreme point, the speed of corresponding CMP point mutates, such as prominent
It so increases or reduces, such CMP point is selected as seed point.Initial velocity model Function Extreme Value point meets the following conditions: just
The first derivative of beginning rate pattern function is zero or is not present that the inflection point of rate pattern function meets the following conditions: initial speed
The second dervative of degree pattern function is zero or is not present.
It can be calculated by computer and determine seed point.Or operator can also according to initial velocity model function and its
The stacked section of generation, hence it is evident that judge the CMP point that speed mutates, and determine it as seed point.
As can be seen from the above description, it is either calculated by computer and determines seed point, or selected by hand by operator
The selection of seed point, seed point will be based on the work area initial velocity model function established in advance.To work area VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION one
In the case where ignorant, seed point can not be selected.
After determining seed point, Manual Speed is carried out to each seed point and composes pickup, due to picking up the result is that some discrete
Sparse distribution, it is therefore desirable to interpolation is carried out along time shaft to the pickup result in each seed point, it is every in the seed point to obtain
Speed on a time point, i.e. the initial velocity model function of seed point.Interpolation method can be any one one-dimensional interpolation side
Method is recommended to use subsection linearity inser value method in the exemplary embodiment.
Step 4: using the initial velocity model function at seed point as constraint, picking up spectrum energy in normal-moveout spectrum rise time axis
Measure the speed of maximum point
In this step, can using the initial velocity model function at seed point as constraint, by software realization along when
Between the maximum point of axis automatic Picking spectrum energy speed, replace conventional artificial pickup.
The constraint of initial velocity model function at seed point can be embodied in two aspects, first is that in terms of spatial dimension,
Second is that in terms of time range.
It, can according to actual needs, about by the initial velocity model function of some seed point in terms of spatial dimension
The velocity pick of beam all the points.Or it also can specify the space constraint model of the initial velocity model function of some seed point
It encloses.
The space constraint model of some seed point can be determined by the initial velocity model that browsing formula (1) obtains
It encloses: if the variation tendency of the initial velocity model function of some CMP point around a seed point and the seed point is initial
The variation tendency of rate pattern function is consistent, then the CMP point is fallen within the scope of the space constraint of the seed point.
Preferably, the space constraint range of the seed point can be determined together when selecting seed point.
In terms of the constraint of initial velocity model function at seed point can also show the time, i.e., to point each in space
Speed constrained along time shaft.Specifically, pass through the initial velocity model function constraint each time point at seed point
Locate the bound of root mean sequare velocity.For example, for the initial velocity model function vz at seed pointrmsIt (t), can be according to following
The root mean sequare velocity of formula (2) constraint institute's pickup point
Wherein, λl、λuRespectively indicate lower limit threshold values and upper limit threshold values.
The root mean sequare velocity of the point picked upIt should be between speed limit and lower velocity limit.
It, can be maximum along time shaft automatic Picking spectrum energy under the constraint of initial velocity model function at seed point
The speed of point, to complete the pickup of the normal-moveout spectrum under rate pattern function constraint.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is a kind of embodiment of the invention, for those skilled in the art, in this hair
On the basis of bright principle disclosed, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, it is above-mentioned specific to be not limited solely to the present invention
The description of embodiment, therefore the description of front is only preferred, and not restrictive meaning.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation based on rate pattern, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: generating normal-moveout spectrum using surface seismic pre stack data common point (CMP) trace gather data；
Step 2: determining initial velocity model function；
Step 3: being based on the initial velocity model function, at least one seed point is selected in the CMP, seeks the seed
Initial velocity model function at point；
Step 4: using the initial velocity model function at the seed point as constraint, being picked up in the normal-moveout spectrum rise time axis
The speed of the maximum point of spectrum energy；
Wherein, select the initial velocity model function inflection point or extreme point corresponding to CMP point as seed point.
2. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 1 based on rate pattern, wherein the initial velocity model letter
Number is as shown in following formula (1):
vrms(t)=v0+α·tβ (1)
Wherein, t indicates time, vrms(t) root mean sequare velocity when time t, v are indicated0Indicate the square of the stratum when time is zero
Root speed, α, β are undetermined coefficient.
3. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 2 based on rate pattern, wherein utilizing institute by following steps
It states normal-moveout spectrum and determines the root mean sequare velocity v0, factor alpha and β:
The discrete value for making the maximum root mean sequare velocity of spectrum energy on the normal-moveout spectrum is sorted along time shaft traversal；
Based on the discrete value sorted, the root mean sequare velocity v is solved according to the formula (1)0, factor alpha and β.
4. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 1 based on rate pattern, wherein seeking institute by following steps
State the initial velocity model function at seed point:
Manual Speed is carried out to the seed point and composes pickup；
Interpolation is carried out along time shaft to the pickup result in the seed point, obtains the initial velocity model letter at the seed point
Number.
5. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 4 based on rate pattern, wherein to picking up in the seed point
It takes result to carry out piecewise linear interpolation along time shaft, obtains the initial velocity model function at the seed point.
6. the normal-moveout spectrum means of interpretation according to claim 1 based on rate pattern, wherein initial at the seed point
Rate pattern function vzrms(t) root mean sequare velocity of institute's pickup point is constrained by following formula (2)
Wherein, λl,λuRespectively indicate lower limit threshold values and upper limit threshold values.
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