CN107643141B - A kind of method for testing welding heat affected zone residual stress - Google Patents
A kind of method for testing welding heat affected zone residual stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN107643141B CN107643141B CN201710846602.2A CN201710846602A CN107643141B CN 107643141 B CN107643141 B CN 107643141B CN 201710846602 A CN201710846602 A CN 201710846602A CN 107643141 B CN107643141 B CN 107643141B
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Abstract
This application involves material mechanical performance representational field more particularly to a kind of method for testing welding heat affected zone residual stress, including as follows：Different press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen matrix region, obtains corresponding pressing-in force F, corresponding contact stiffness S is obtained in the unloading starting stage；According to the curve of pressing-in force F and press-in displacement h, curvature K is obtained1；According to the curve of contact stiffness S and press-in displacement h, slope K is obtained2；Setting press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen matrix regionx, obtain welded specimen matrix region and be averaged pressing-in force F0；Setting press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen welding heat affected zonex, obtain the pressing-in force F of welded specimen heat affected areaHAZ；Obtain welded specimen heat affected area welding residual stress.This method avoids destroying weld seam, expands the test scope of application, avoids pressure head abrasion and contact area is caused to calculate the problem of inaccurate, further avoid the problem of pile up effect causes contact area inaccurate, ensure that test accuracy.
Description
Technical field
This application involves material mechanical performance representational field more particularly to a kind of test welding heat affected zone residual stress
Method.
Background technology
Welding is that two or more of the same race or dissimilar material is connected by the combination between atom or molecule and diffusion
Integral technical process, specifically workpiece and solder fusing form melt region, just formed after the cooled and solidified of molten bath material it
Between connection.It, can be in welding junction difference since temperature gradient can be generated being heated or cooled inside process in which materials during welding
Microcell generates residual stress, and welding residual stress can be to the fatigue strength of component, stress corrosion, cracking, deformation and reliability etc.
All have a great impact, therefore, test the range that the residual stress of welding region is applicable in the performance and component that understand component
Play the role of very big.
At present, the method for traditional test welded unit residual stress, which can be divided into, damages detection and non-destructive testing, wherein, have
Damage detection includes boring method, layer stripping and patterning method etc., and non-destructive testing includes X-ray diffraction method, ultrasonic Detection Method etc..Its
In, boring method is specifically that an aperture is bored on the component there are residual stress, is made in zero domain of aperture due to portion of residual stress
Release generates the method that corresponding displacement tests residual stress with straining；Layer stripping is to start with cutting or corruption from component surface
The methods of erosion, successively divests component, the method for discharging the residual stress in component and testing residual stress；Patterning method is structure
Part surface cutting groove discharges the residual stress in trench region, measures side of its strain in the hope of residual stress herein
Method；From the foregoing, it will be observed that damaging detection has weld seam destructiveness, and measurement accuracy is easily influenced by external factor, damage in addition
Detection can not measure the residual stress generated when weld heat-affected zone material occurs under minute yardstick.The X-ray diffraction of non-destructive testing
Method is very high to welding specimen surface requirement, can only be in 30 μm or so range tests of skin depth, and to the size of welded specimen very
Shape has certain limitations, and ultrasonic Detection Method is suitble to the three-dimension parameter design of testing large component, for welding point heat affecting
Residual stress test reliability it is poor, from the foregoing, it will be observed that the smaller scope of application of non-destructive testing, testing reliability are poor.
Therefore, while how avoiding destroying weld seam, it is ensured that the measuring accuracy of residual stress and expansion residual stress
The scope of application of test is the current technical issues that need to address of those skilled in the art.
Invention content
Based on this, this application provides a kind of methods for testing welding heat affected zone residual stress, avoid destroying weld seam
While, it is ensured that the measuring accuracy of residual stress and the scope of application for expanding residual stress test, the application provide as follows
Technical solution：
A kind of method for testing welding heat affected zone residual stress, includes the following steps：
Different press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen matrix region, obtains corresponding pressing-in force F, is unloading initial rank
Section obtains corresponding contact stiffness S；
According to the curve of pressing-in force F and press-in displacement h, curvature K is obtained1；
According to the curve of contact stiffness S and press-in displacement h, slope K is obtained2；
Setting press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen matrix regionx, obtain welded specimen matrix region and be averaged pressing-in force F0；
Setting press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen welding heat affected zonex, obtain the pressing-in force of welded specimen heat affected area
FHAZ；
Obtain welded specimen heat affected area welding residual stress：
Wherein, k is welded specimen stress ratio, is constant；c0It is the constant for representing pressure head geometry；M is unloading curve
It is fitted obtained coefficient；
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, using the following formula,
Obtain slope K2：
F=K1h2；(formula three)
It is obtained according to formula one, formula two, formula three
It is obtained according to formula four
Wherein, ErIt is the reduced modulus related with pressure head and test specimen material properties, is constant, v is to be detected material
Poisson's ratio, γ is the angle of pressure head, and π is constant, and H is that hardness is the constant related with material properties, and A is that pressure head is tried with welding
The contact area of sample.
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, obtain welded specimen base
Body region is averaged pressing-in force F0Specially：
Different location loading setting press-in displacement h in welded specimen matrix regionx, obtain corresponding different pressing-in forces；
It is averaged to obtain welded specimen matrix region by obtained different pressing-in forces to be averaged pressing-in force F0。
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, obtain welded specimen hot shadow
Area's welding residual stress is rung to include：
F=K1h2；(formula three)
Welded specimen heat affected area welding residual stress formula is obtained according to above-mentioned formula one, three, four, six, seven
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, give up pressing-in force and pressure
Enter the data of displacement starting stage.
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, give up contact stiffness with
It is pressed into the nonlinear data of displacement starting stage.
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, the pressure head is pressed for point
Head.
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, the point pressure head is cone
Shape pressure head.
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, obtain welded specimen base
Body region is averaged pressing-in force F0The specific steps are：
In welded specimen matrix region grid division；
Heart position or the intersection position of grid loading setting press-in displacement h within a gridx, obtain corresponding different press-ins
Power；
It is averaged to obtain welded specimen matrix region by obtained different pressing-in forces to be averaged pressing-in force F0。
The method of test welding heat affected zone residual stress as described above, these, it is preferred to, in welded specimen matrix
Region loads different press-in displacement h, specifically includes using Δ h as step-length, increases Δ h on the basis of displacement h is pressed into every time.
Relatively above-mentioned background technology, the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress provided by the present invention is without butt welding
It connects sample to be destroyed, and to welding sample size, shape and the also no requirement (NR) of weld penetration, shape, that is, is not limited to test
Some type of weld seam while avoiding destroying weld seam, can expand the scope of application of residual stress test, and due to this Shen
The test method that please be provided avoids the contact area between testing pressure head and welded specimen, therefore avoids to grind due to pressure head
Damage causes the contact area between pressure head and welded specimen to calculate the problem of inaccurate, further, it is thus also avoided that due to accumulation
The contact area of effects calculates inaccuracy, so as to also ensure that the accuracy of residual stress test.Further, since it avoids
Test contact area, therefore the method can also test the residual stress of the stronger soft metal of pile up effect, so as to further
Expand the application range of this test method.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments described in invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of welded specimen provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 2 is the method flow schematic diagram of test welding heat affected zone residual stress provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 3 is F-h curve graphs provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 4 is F-h provided by the embodiments of the present application2Curve graph；
Fig. 5 is S-h curve graphs provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 6 is loading provided by the embodiments of the present application and unloading curve figure.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
As shown in Figure 1, welding, which is workpiece 1 and the fusing of solder 2, forms corresponding circle of sensation 3, workpiece 1 and weldering are just formed after cooled and solidified
Connection between material 2 due to that can generate temperature gradient inside workpiece material during being heated or cooled during welding, can weld
Heat affected area 4 generates residual stress, and residual stress can all have a great impact to the various performances of workpiece.
Based on this, the present invention provides it is a kind of test welding heat affected zone residual stress method, as shown in Fig. 2, including：
Step S21, different press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen matrix region, corresponding pressing-in force F is obtained, is unloading
The load starting stage obtains corresponding contact stiffness S；
Wherein, welded specimen matrix region is that welded specimen is not affected by welding heat affected region, that is, is not affected by weldering
Connect the region of residual stress influence.
Loading press-in displacement is that welded specimen different zones are loaded with press-in displacement by instrumentation press fit instrument, can also be led to
It crosses other equipment or form and welded specimen different zones is loaded with press-in displacement, as long as can guarantee that loading press-in displacement can obtain
It, in this application will be direct in the unit that press-in displacement is loaded to welded specimen to pressing-in force and/or contact stiffness
The component for participating in loading press-in displacement is defined as pressure head, the selection for pressure head, and preferably sharp pressure head, specifically may be used also in the application
To be preferably further conical indenter, it is also not necessarily limited to sharp pressure head or conical indenter certainly, as long as the embodiment of the present application can be met
Institute's technique effect to be achieved.
For loading different press-in displacement h in welded specimen matrix region, specifically include using Δ h as step-length, exist every time
Increase Δ h on the basis of press-in displacement h.It is specific to be pressed into displacement h, complete corresponding pressing-in force F to be collected for example, loading for the first time,
It is the unloading curve unloading starting stage that the unloading starting stage, which obtains press-in displacement h corresponding contact stiffness S, specific contact stiffness S,
Slope as shown in fig. 6, can be contact stiffnessThat is contact stiffness S is unloading curve starting stage highest
Point i.e. h=hmaxWhen slope, then loading press-in displacement h+ Δs h, complete corresponding pressing-in force F+ Δ F to be collected are being unloaded
Starting stage obtains the press-in displacement h+ Δs corresponding contact stiffness S+ Δ S of h, and loading press-in displacement h+2 Δs h, to be collected for the third time
Complete corresponding pressing-in force F+2 Δ F obtain the press-in displacement h+2 Δs corresponding contact stiffness S+2 Δ S of h in the unloading starting stage, with
This analogizes, and by multiple loading, unloading, obtains multiple pressing-in forces and contact stiffness.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 2, step S22, according to the curve of pressing-in force F and press-in displacement h, curvature K is obtained1, such as Fig. 3 and
Shown in Fig. 4；
According to different press-in displacement h and obtained corresponding pressing-in force F, draw pressing-in force F and be pressed into the song of displacement h
Curvature K is calculated according to the curve of pressing-in force F and press-in displacement h in line1。
Step S23, according to the curve of contact stiffness S and press-in displacement h, slope K is obtained2, as shown in Figure 5；
According to different press-in displacement h and obtained corresponding contact stiffness S, draw contact stiffness S and be pressed into displacement h's
Slope K is calculated according to the curve of contact stiffness S and press-in displacement h in curve2。
Curve when above-mentioned Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is brass loading, for other metals for example：The metals such as tungsten, steel, aluminium add
The step of load is the same.
Step S24, setting press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen matrix regionx, obtain welded specimen matrix region and be averaged
Pressing-in force F0；
Wherein, setting press-in displacement hxIt is related with the crystallite dimension for testing welded specimen material, such as：Tungsten, steel, brass,
The metals such as aluminium set corresponding setting press-in displacement h all in accordance with material crystallite dimension itselfx。
In order to ensure that the matrix region measured is averaged pressing-in force F0Accuracy, reduces error, and the application is preferably tried in welding
The different location loading setting press-in displacement h of sample matrix regionx, obtain corresponding different pressing-in forces；Obtained difference is pressed into
Power is averaged to obtain welded specimen matrix region and is averaged pressing-in force F0。
Can be specifically can also be according to welded specimen in the distance between welded specimen matrix region grid division, grid
Size depending on, the then intersection position loading setting press-in displacement h of heart position either grid within a gridx, obtain
Pressing-in force F1、F2、F3……Fi, welded specimen matrix region is finally asked to be averaged pressing-in force
With continued reference to Fig. 2, further include step S25, setting press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen welding heat affected zonex, obtain
To the pressing-in force F of welded specimen heat affected areaHAZ；
In test, then can as needed it exist according to actual needs in welded specimen welding heat affected zone grid division
The intersection position loading setting press-in displacement h of grid element center position either gridx, obtain the heat affected area press-in of different location
Power FHAZ, the pressing-in force F of welding heat affected zone different location can also be observed in this wayHAZSituation of change, and then also just can observe weldering
Connect the situation of change of the welding residual stress of heat affected area different location.
Obtain welded specimen heat affected area welding residual stress
Wherein, k is welded specimen stress ratio, is constant, and for weldment, welded specimen stress ratio k is generally
0.33；c0It is the constant for representing pressure head geometry, different types of pressure head c0Numerical value it is different, for preferable glass formula pressure head c0
=24.5, certain other kinds of pressure head, c0Also there is corresponding numerical value；It is the integration about x from 0 to 1；
M is the coefficient that unloading curve is fitted, and is the coefficient related with indenter shape, appropriate curve type is specifically selected to intend
Observation data are closed, and the relationship between two variables is analyzed with the curvilinear equation of fitting, as shown in fig. 6, can be intended according to unloading curve
Close to obtain F=B (h-hf)m, hfFor the press-in displacement after unloading, B is the coefficient of unloading curve；M is to be fitted to obtain by unloading curve
Coefficient, due toI.e.It is also the coefficient related with indenter shape.
It follows that the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress that the embodiment of the present application is provided is residual for testing
Residue stress only needs to measure welded specimen matrix region and is averaged pressing-in force F0, welded specimen heat affected area pressing-in force FHAZ, curvature
K1And slope K2；Wherein, welded specimen matrix region is averaged pressing-in force F0It is by loading setting pressure in welded specimen matrix region
Enter displacement hxI.e. available parameter, the pressing-in force F of welded specimen heat affected areaHAZIt is also by welded specimen heat affected area
Domain loading setting press-in displacement hxI.e. available parameter, curvature K1It is by loading different pressures in welded specimen matrix region
Enter displacement h, obtain corresponding pressing-in force F, the curvature K that can be acquired by the pressing-in force F and press-in displacement h curves formed1,
Slope K2It is by loading different press-in displacement h in welded specimen matrix region, corresponding contact stiffness S being obtained, by connecing
Touch the slope K that rigidity S can be acquired with being pressed into the curve that displacement h is formed2, welded specimen stress ratio k is constant, c0It is to represent
Constant, the m of pressure head geometry be the coefficient that unloading curve is fitted be also constant,It is
It is also constant about m about integrations of the x from 0 to 1, and since welded specimen matrix region is averaged pressing-in force F0, welded specimen
The pressing-in force F of heat affected areaHAZ, curvature K1And slope K2Test without being destroyed to welded specimen, and to welded specimen
The also no requirement (NR) of size, shape and weld penetration, shape is not limited to test some type of weld seam, can avoid breaking weld seam
Bad while, expands the scope of application of residual stress test, and since the test method that the application provides avoids test pressure
Contact area between head and welded specimen, therefore avoid to cause connecing between pressure head and welded specimen due to pressure head abrasion
The problem of areal calculation is inaccurate is touched, is further avoided since the contact area that pile up effect influences calculates inaccuracy, from
And also ensure that the accuracy of residual stress test.In addition, due also to test contact area is avoided, therefore the method can also
The residual stress of the stronger soft metal of pile up effect is tested, so as to further expand the application range of this method.
In addition, on the basis of the above, for according to contact stiffness and the curve of press-in displacement, obtaining slope K2Test method
The following formula can also be used to calculate to obtain：
F=K1h2；(formula three)
It is obtained according to formula one, formula two, formula three
It is obtained according to formula four
Wherein, ErIt is the reduced modulus related with pressure head and test specimen material properties, is constant, v is to be detected material
Poisson's ratio, γ is the angle of pressure head, and π is constant, and H is that hardness is the constant related with material properties, and A is that pressure head is tried with welding
The contact area of sample.
Due to ErBe the reduced modulus related with pressure head part material and tested sample attribute it is constant, v is to be detected material
Poisson's ratio is constant, and γ is that the angle of pressure head is constant, and π is constant, and H is that hardness is the constant related with material properties, so
This, which not only ensure that, can also measure slope K in the case where that can not measure contact stiffness S2, and then welding residual stress is measured,
And also further demonstrate slope K2Contact area between pressure head and welded specimen is unrelated, therefore into one
It ensure that step the accuracy of test residual stress.
Include in addition, obtaining welded specimen heat affected area welding residual stress formula：
The following formula is obtained according to above-mentioned formula one, three, four, six, seven
Wherein, formulaIt is by the way that the contact area between pressure head and welded specimen is fitted to load
The cubic equation of lotus, by welded specimen stress ratio k by the residual stress of Y-directionIt is expressed asI.e.It, can be in loading press-in displacement h in order to further improve the accuracy of test welding residual stress
When, each increment Delta h is set as smaller numerical value, and more number is wanted test, it can root for Δ h settings
It is determined according to the crystallite dimension of welded specimen material, naturally it is also possible to be other situations, as long as the embodiment of the present application can be met
Institute's technique effect to be achieved, in addition, establishing pressing-in force F and press-in displacement h curves or contact stiffness S and press-in displacement
After h curves, curvature K is solved1Or slope K2When, pressing-in force can be given up and either given up with being pressed into the data of displacement starting stage
Contact stiffness and the nonlinear data of press-in displacement starting stage, this also further increases the accurate of test residual stress
Degree.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requirement rather than above description limit, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference numeral in claim should not be considered as to the involved claim of limitation.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be properly combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiment being appreciated that.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method for testing welding heat affected zone residual stress, which is characterized in that include the following steps：Different press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen matrix region, obtains corresponding pressing-in force F, is obtained in the unloading starting stage To corresponding contact stiffness S；According to the curve of pressing-in force F and press-in displacement h, curvature K is obtained1；According to the curve of contact stiffness S and press-in displacement h, obtain To slope K2；Setting press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen matrix regionx, obtain welded specimen matrix region and be averaged pressing-in force F0；Setting press-in displacement h is loaded in welded specimen welding heat affected zonex, obtain the pressing-in force F of welded specimen heat affected areaHAZ；Obtain welded specimen heat affected area welding residual stressWherein, k is welded specimen stress ratio, is constant；c0It is the constant for representing pressure head geometry；M is that unloading curve is fitted The coefficient arrived is fitted to obtain F=B (h-h according to unloading curvef)m, hfFor the press-in displacement after unloading, B is the coefficient of unloading curve；It is the integration about x from 0 to 1.
- 2. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that use following public affairs Formula obtains slope K2：F=K1h2；(formula three)It is obtained according to formula one, formula two, formula threeIt is obtained according to formula fourWherein, ErIt is the reduced modulus related with pressure head and test specimen material properties, is constant, v is the Poisson for being detected material Than γ is the angle of pressure head, and π is constant, and H is hardness, is the constant related with material properties, and A is pressure head and welded specimen Contact area.
- 3. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that obtain welding examination Sample matrix region is averaged pressing-in force F0Specially：Different location loading setting press-in displacement h in welded specimen matrix regionx, obtain corresponding different pressing-in forces；It is averaged to obtain welded specimen matrix region by obtained different pressing-in forces to be averaged pressing-in force F0。
- 4. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that obtain welding examination Sample heat affected area welding residual stress includes：F=K1h2；(formula three)Welded specimen heat affected area welding residual stress formula is obtained according to above-mentioned formula one, three, four, six, sevenWherein, ErIt is the reduced modulus related with pressure head and test specimen material properties, is constant, v is the Poisson for being detected material Than the angle that, γ is pressure head, π is constant, and it is the constant related with material properties that H, which is hardness, and A is connecing for pressure head and welded specimen Contacting surface is accumulated, and ε is the constant related with indenter shape.
- 5. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that give up pressing-in force Data with being pressed into the displacement starting stage.
- 6. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is firm to give up contact Degree and the nonlinear data of press-in displacement starting stage.
- 7. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure head is Sharp pressure head.
- 8. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the point pressure head For conical indenter.
- 9. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 3, which is characterized in that obtain welding examination Sample matrix region is averaged pressing-in force F0The specific steps are：In welded specimen matrix region grid division；Heart position or the intersection position of grid loading setting press-in displacement h within a gridx, obtain corresponding different pressing-in forces；It is averaged to obtain welded specimen matrix region by obtained different pressing-in forces to be averaged pressing-in force F0。
- 10. the method for test welding heat affected zone residual stress according to claim 1, which is characterized in that tried in welding Sample matrix region loads different press-in displacement h, specifically includes using Δ h as step-length, increases on the basis of displacement h is pressed into every time Δh。
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