CN107642793A - System and method for preventing ammonium bisulfate from clogging air preheater after SCR denitrification modification - Google Patents
System and method for preventing ammonium bisulfate from clogging air preheater after SCR denitrification modification Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 42
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 36
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
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- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统。The invention relates to a system for preventing ammonium bisulfate from blocking an air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation.
背景技术Background technique
随着燃煤电厂污染物排放标准的日益严苛，选择性催化还原脱硝技术(SCR)作为目前工业上最有效脱除气体污染物NOX的方法，现广泛应用于燃煤电站锅炉之中。SCR脱硝技术是在催化剂五氧化二钒(V2O5)的作用下，以NH3为还原剂，将烟气中的NOX还原成N2和H2O。SCR脱硝装置安装在锅炉省煤器后空气预热器前烟道中。SCR脱硝技术设计上只允许3ppm的氨气逃逸量，但是在实际运行过程中由于没有可靠的氨气逃逸量控制方法，所以目前大部分SCR脱硝装置都存在氨气逃逸量超标的问题。With the increasingly stringent pollutant emission standards of coal-fired power plants, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology, as the most effective method for removing gas pollutants NO X in industry, is now widely used in coal-fired power plant boilers. The SCR denitrification technology is to reduce the NOx in the flue gas to N2 and H2O under the action of the catalyst vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) and use NH 3 as the reducing agent. The SCR denitrification device is installed in the front flue of the air preheater after the boiler economizer. The design of SCR denitrification technology only allows 3ppm ammonia gas escape, but in the actual operation process, there is no reliable ammonia escape control method, so most of the SCR denitrification devices currently have the problem of ammonia escape exceeding the standard.
逃逸的氨气会与烟气中少量的SO3反应生成硫酸氢铵(ABS)，ABS粘附性很强并具有腐蚀性，露点一般为200℃。气态的ABS随烟气流动不会对空气预热器产生影响，然而液体的ABS具有极强的飞灰捕捉能力，会与烟气中的飞灰颗粒相粘结，附着于空气预热器受热面上形成积灰，从而造成空气预热器的腐蚀和堵灰等问题。空气预热器堵灰后不仅会增加引风机的电耗，影响锅炉运动的经济性，严重时还将造成锅炉负压波动剧烈、一次风机和送风机失速、抢风、供氧不足等问题，危及机组安全运行。另外，SCR脱硝装置中的催化剂V2O5还可以将烟气中的SO2转化为SO3，进一步加剧了空气预热器腐蚀和堵灰的可能性。目前经过SCR改造后的电厂基本都出现过类似的情况，因此，燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝改造后，如何防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器已成为亟待解决的问题。The escaping ammonia gas will react with a small amount of SO 3 in the flue gas to form ammonium bisulfate (ABS). ABS is highly adhesive and corrosive, and its dew point is generally 200°C. The gaseous ABS flows with the flue gas and will not affect the air preheater, but the liquid ABS has a strong ability to capture fly ash, and will bond with the fly ash particles in the flue gas, attaching to the air preheater to be heated Dust accumulation is formed on the surface, which causes problems such as corrosion and dust blocking of the air preheater. After the air preheater is blocked by dust, it will not only increase the power consumption of the induced draft fan, but also affect the economy of the boiler movement. The unit operates safely. In addition, the catalyst V 2 O 5 in the SCR denitrification device can also convert SO 2 in the flue gas into SO 3 , further exacerbating the possibility of corrosion and ash plugging of the air preheater. At present, similar situations have basically occurred in power plants after SCR transformation. Therefore, after SCR denitrification transformation of coal-fired boilers, how to prevent ammonium bisulfate from blocking the air preheater has become an urgent problem to be solved.
在锅炉SCR脱硝装置改造后，当空气预热器腐蚀和堵灰问题出现时，通常没有很好的解决方法。从锅炉运行角度，空气预热器防堵措施主要包括：①控制入炉煤硫分不超标，减少烟气中SO3生成量，降低烟气酸露点；②优化调整喷氨系统，保证烟气流场和喷氨的均匀性，减少氨逃逸率；③控制SCR进口NOX含量，从而避免过量喷氨。尽管各电厂在锅炉运行中都已充分考虑并采取了上述措施，但在锅炉实际运行中仍然难以避免空气预热器堵灰问题的出现。从设备角度，近些年空气预热器通过安装在线吹灰和水冲洗装置来解决空气预热器堵灰问题。运行实践表明：吹灰和水冲洗都不能达到很好的清灰效果。究其原因，在线吹灰和水冲洗均为间歇投运，然而当ABS粘结飞灰附着于空气预热器受热面上时，若得不到及时清理，积灰将形成硬块很难被清除。应对措施最近还包括在空气预热器入口烟道加装碱性干粉喷枪，通过中和反应清除烟气中SO3，从而防止空气预热器ABS堵灰。该方法增加了机组的投资和运行成本，以牺牲机组经济性为代价。After the reconstruction of boiler SCR denitrification unit, when the problems of air preheater corrosion and ash blocking appear, there is usually no good solution. From the perspective of boiler operation, the anti-blocking measures of the air preheater mainly include: ① Control the sulfur content of the coal entering the furnace to not exceed the standard, reduce the amount of SO 3 in the flue gas, and reduce the acid dew point of the flue gas; ② Optimize the adjustment of the ammonia injection system to ensure that the flue gas The uniformity of the flow field and ammonia injection reduces the ammonia escape rate; ③controls the NO X content at the SCR inlet to avoid excessive ammonia injection. Although all power plants have fully considered and taken the above measures in boiler operation, it is still difficult to avoid the occurrence of ash blocking problem in air preheater in actual boiler operation. From the perspective of equipment, in recent years, the air preheater has been installed with online soot blowing and water flushing devices to solve the problem of dust blocking in the air preheater. Operation practice shows that neither blowing nor washing with water can achieve a good cleaning effect. The reason is that both online soot blowing and water flushing are put into operation intermittently. However, when ABS bonded fly ash adheres to the heating surface of the air preheater, if it is not cleaned in time, the ash deposit will form a hard block and it is difficult to remove . Recently, countermeasures include adding an alkaline dry powder spray gun to the inlet flue of the air preheater to remove SO 3 in the flue gas through neutralization reaction, thereby preventing the ABS of the air preheater from clogging. This method increases the investment and operating costs of the unit at the cost of sacrificing the economy of the unit.
鉴于上述，本设计人积极加以研究创新，以期创设一种SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统，使其更具有产业上的利用价值。In view of the above, the designer is actively researching and innovating in order to create a system to prevent ammonium bisulfate from clogging the air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation, so that it has more industrial use value.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种适用于SCR脱硝改造后防止ABS堵塞回转式空气预热器的系统，以解决现有技术中因SCR脱硝改造后，造成ABS腐蚀和堵塞空气预热器的缺陷In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system suitable for preventing ABS from clogging the rotary air preheater after SCR denitration transformation, so as to solve the problem of ABS corrosion and air blockage caused by SCR denitration transformation in the prior art. Preheater Defects
本发明SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统，包括：沿烟气流经方向依次设置的燃煤锅炉、SCR脱硝装置、空气预热器、除尘器、低压低温省煤器、引风机、烟囱，其中所述空气预热器包括依次连通的空气预热器高温段、空气预热器中温段，所述SCR脱硝装置的出烟口通过空气预热器进口烟道连通空气预热器高温段进口，所述空气预热器高温段出风口还连通有热一次风道和热二次风道，所述空气预热器中温段的出烟口通过空气预热器出口烟道连通除尘器进烟口，所述空气预热器中温段进风口还连通有冷一次风道和冷二次风道，冷一次风道和冷二次风道上分别安装有一次风暖风器、二次风暖风器；空气预热器中温段的出口烟道的烟气温度不低于200℃。The system for preventing ammonium bisulfate from clogging the air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation of the present invention comprises: a coal-fired boiler, an SCR denitrification device, an air preheater, a dust collector, and a low-pressure low-temperature economizer arranged in sequence along the flue gas flow direction , an induced draft fan, and a chimney, wherein the air preheater includes a high temperature section of the air preheater and a medium temperature section of the air preheater connected in sequence, and the smoke outlet of the SCR denitrification device is connected to the air through the inlet flue of the air preheater The inlet of the high temperature section of the preheater, the air outlet of the high temperature section of the air preheater is also connected with a hot primary air duct and a hot secondary air duct, and the smoke outlet of the middle temperature section of the air preheater passes through the outlet of the air preheater. The air duct is connected to the smoke inlet of the dust collector, and the air inlet of the middle temperature section of the air preheater is also connected to a cold primary air duct and a cold secondary air duct, and primary air heaters are respectively installed on the cold primary air duct and the cold secondary air duct , Secondary air heater; the flue gas temperature of the outlet flue in the middle temperature section of the air preheater is not lower than 200°C.
进一步地，所述的低压低温省煤器和除尘器调换位置烟气先经过低压低温省煤器，再经过除尘器输出，所述空气预热器中温段的出烟口通过空气预热器出口烟道连通低压低温省煤器进烟口。Further, the flue gas of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer and the dust collector exchanged positions first passes through the low-pressure low-temperature economizer, and then is output through the dust collector, and the smoke outlet of the middle temperature section of the air preheater passes through the outlet of the air preheater The flue is connected to the smoke inlet of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer.
进一步地，所述低压低温省煤器包括ABS凝结段和防酸露段，所述防酸露段的出口烟气温度控制在80-90℃。Further, the low-pressure low-temperature economizer includes an ABS condensation section and an acid dew prevention section, and the outlet flue gas temperature of the acid dew prevention section is controlled at 80-90°C.
进一步地，所述低压低温省煤器的ABS凝结段采用钢管结构，ABS凝结段的材质采用高强度低合金考登钢，表面镀搪瓷或者设有硅作涂层，所述低压低温省煤器的防酸露段采用翅片管结构。Further, the ABS condensation section of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer adopts a steel pipe structure, and the material of the ABS condensation section is high-strength low-alloy Corten steel, and the surface is plated with enamel or provided with silicon as a coating. The low-pressure low-temperature economizer The anti-acid dew section adopts finned tube structure.
进一步地，所述低压低温省煤器的水侧连通汽轮机侧回热系统低压加热器，低压低温省煤器进口水温控制在烟气酸露点温度之上5℃-10℃，所述低压低温省煤器的进水管道上设有水泵。Further, the water side of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is connected to the low-pressure heater of the steam turbine side recuperation system, and the inlet water temperature of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is controlled at 5°C-10°C above the acid dew point temperature of the flue gas. A water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipe of the coal burner.
为达到上述目的，本发明SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的方法，适用于权利要求1或2所述的SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统，所述方法包括：燃煤锅炉输出的烟气依次经过SCR脱硝装置、空气预热器、除尘器、低压低温省煤器、引风机、烟囱；或燃煤锅炉输出的烟气依次经过SCR脱硝装置、空气预热器、低压低温省煤器、除尘器、引风机、烟囱；In order to achieve the above object, the method for preventing ammonium bisulfate from blocking the air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation of the present invention is applicable to the system for preventing ammonium bisulfate from blocking the air preheater after the SCR denitration transformation described in claim 1 or 2. The method includes: the flue gas output from the coal-fired boiler passes through the SCR denitrification device, the air preheater, the dust collector, the low-pressure low-temperature economizer, the induced draft fan, and the chimney in sequence; or the flue gas output from the coal-fired boiler passes through the SCR denitrification device, Air preheater, low-pressure low-temperature economizer, dust collector, induced draft fan, chimney;
在冷一次风道暖风器不投运时，热一次风道出口风温达到230℃-240℃，在锅炉燃烧煤的水分含量低于预定阈值时，冷一次风道暖风器不投运，热一次风不用掺冷风；在锅炉燃烧煤的水分含量高于或等于预定阈值时，开启冷一次风道上安装的暖风器，提高冷一次风道进口风温，从而提高热一次风道出口风温；When the cold primary air duct heater is not put into operation, the outlet air temperature of the hot primary air duct reaches 230°C-240°C, and when the moisture content of the boiler combustion coal is lower than the predetermined threshold, the cold primary air duct heater is not put into operation , the hot primary air does not need to be mixed with cold air; when the moisture content of the boiler combustion coal is higher than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the heater installed on the cold primary air duct is turned on to increase the inlet air temperature of the cold primary air duct, thereby increasing the temperature of the hot primary air duct. Wind temperature;
在冷二次风道暖风机不投运时，热二次风道出口风温达到240℃；开启安装在冷二次风道上的暖风器，通过提高冷二次风道进口风温，提高热二次风道出口风温；When the heater in the cold secondary air duct is not in operation, the air temperature at the outlet of the hot secondary air duct reaches 240°C; turn on the air heater installed on the cold secondary air duct, and increase the air temperature at the inlet of the cold secondary air duct. Air temperature at the outlet of the hot secondary air duct;
运行过程中，控制低压低温省煤器进口水温在烟气酸露点温度之上5℃-10℃，低压低温省煤器出口烟气温度控制在80-90℃。During operation, the inlet water temperature of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is controlled to be 5°C-10°C above the acid dew point temperature of the flue gas, and the outlet flue gas temperature of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is controlled at 80-90°C.
与现有技术相比，本发明SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the system for preventing ammonium bisulfate from clogging the air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation of the present invention has the following advantages:
ABS在146℃-207℃温度区间为液态，温度高为气态。因此本发明采用提高空气预热器受热面温度的方法，来避免ABS在空气预热器表面的凝结，从而防止ABS粘结飞灰堵塞空气预热器。ABS is liquid in the temperature range of 146°C-207°C, and is gaseous at high temperatures. Therefore, the present invention adopts the method of increasing the temperature of the heating surface of the air preheater to avoid the condensation of ABS on the surface of the air preheater, thereby preventing the ABS from binding fly ash to block the air preheater.
(1)通过取消空气预热器冷段受热面的面积，来防止ABS在空气预热器受热面上的凝结，由于取消冷段后空气预热器排烟温度可达200℃-210℃，从而使得空气预热器整体壁面温度都会高于ABS露点温度，所以ABS不会在空气预热器的受热面上凝结，可以彻底解决在SCR脱硝改造后因逃逸的氨气与烟气中的SO3反应生产的ABS在空气预热器凝结而造成的腐蚀和堵塞等问题。(1) By eliminating the area of the heating surface of the cold section of the air preheater, the condensation of ABS on the heating surface of the air preheater is prevented. Since the exhaust gas temperature of the air preheater can reach 200°C-210°C after the cancellation of the cold section, As a result, the overall wall temperature of the air preheater will be higher than the ABS dew point temperature, so ABS will not condense on the heating surface of the air preheater, which can completely solve the problem of escaping ammonia and SO in the flue gas after the SCR denitrification transformation. 3 Corrosion and blockage caused by the condensation of ABS produced by the reaction in the air preheater.
(2)通过安装在除尘器和引风机之间连接烟道中的低压低温省煤器，来吸收排烟的余热，经过低压低温省煤器后，排烟温度能降低到80℃-90℃，可节约供电煤耗0.7g/kwh。由于低压低温省煤器布置在除尘器后，并且采用了防腐设计和材料，可以避免受热面出现因ABS凝结而导致的腐蚀和堵灰现象。(2) Through the low-pressure low-temperature economizer installed in the connecting flue between the dust collector and the induced draft fan, the waste heat of the exhaust gas is absorbed. After passing through the low-pressure low-temperature economizer, the exhaust gas temperature can be reduced to 80°C-90°C, It can save 0.7g/kwh of coal consumption for power supply. Since the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is arranged after the dust collector, and the anti-corrosion design and materials are adopted, corrosion and ash blocking caused by ABS condensation on the heating surface can be avoided.
(3)低压低温省煤器水侧进出口可以在汽轮机侧回热系统低压加热器及其管道之间选择合适的点，从而不仅能使凝结水得到高品味的余热能，还可以使低压低温省煤器管壁温度高于烟气酸露点温度，并且由于低压低温省煤器内为烟气与水换热，换热系数比空气预热器内的空气与烟气换热大，所以在回收同样的烟气热量时低压低温省煤器可以节省受热面面积。(3) The inlet and outlet of the water side of the low-pressure and low-temperature economizer can choose a suitable point between the low-pressure heater of the steam turbine side heat recovery system and its pipeline, so that not only can the condensate get high-quality waste heat energy, but also can make the low-pressure and low-temperature The wall temperature of the economizer is higher than the acid dew point temperature of the flue gas, and because the heat exchange between the flue gas and water in the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is larger than the heat exchange between the air and the flue gas in the air preheater, so in When recovering the same flue gas heat, the low-pressure low-temperature economizer can save the heating surface area.
(4)在保证热二次风温略有降低的前提下，减少热一次风掺入冷风量，使冷一、二次风更多地通过空气预热器后进入锅炉，从而达到降低锅炉排烟温度5-10℃，提高锅炉效率，可节约供电煤耗0.4g/kwh，同时，还能在锅炉燃烧劣质煤的情况下，通过投运冷一次风管道上的暖风器，从而提高热一次风温满足制粉系统干燥出力的要求。(4) Under the premise of ensuring that the temperature of the hot secondary air is slightly lowered, reduce the amount of hot primary air mixed with cold air, so that more cold primary and secondary air enters the boiler after passing through the air preheater, thereby reducing boiler exhaust. The flue gas temperature is 5-10°C, which improves boiler efficiency and saves power supply coal consumption by 0.4g/kwh. At the same time, when the boiler burns low-quality coal, the heater on the cold primary air pipe can be put into operation to improve the primary heat. The air temperature meets the requirements of the drying output of the pulverizing system.
综上，本发明不仅可以解决燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝改造后ABS堵塞回转式空气预热器的问题，还可以节约供电煤耗1.1g/kwh。In summary, the present invention can not only solve the problem of ABS blocking the rotary air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation of coal-fired boilers, but also save 1.1g/kwh of coal consumption for power supply.
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention. In order to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly and implement them according to the contents of the description, the preferred embodiments of the present invention and accompanying drawings are described in detail below.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统的实施例1示意图；Fig. 1 is the embodiment 1 schematic diagram of the system that prevents ammonium bisulfate from blocking the air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation of the present invention;
图2是本发明SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统的实施例2示意图；Fig. 2 is the embodiment 2 schematic diagram of the system that prevents ammonium bisulfate from blocking the air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation of the present invention;
其中，1、燃煤锅炉，2、SCR脱硝装置，3、回转式空气预热器高温段，4、回转式空气预热器中温段，5、热一次风道，6、热二次风道，7、空气预热器进口烟道，8、冷一次风道，9、冷二次风道，10、空气预热器出口烟道，11、除尘器，12、低压低温省煤器，13、引风机，14、烟囱，15、一次风暖风器，16、二次风暖风器，17、汽轮机回热系统低压加热器，18、水泵。Among them, 1. Coal-fired boiler, 2. SCR denitrification device, 3. High temperature section of rotary air preheater, 4. Medium temperature section of rotary air preheater, 5. Hot primary air duct, 6. Hot secondary air duct , 7. Air preheater inlet flue, 8. Cold primary air duct, 9. Cold secondary air duct, 10. Air preheater outlet flue, 11. Dust collector, 12. Low-pressure low-temperature economizer, 13 , Induced fan, 14, Chimney, 15, Primary air heater, 16, Secondary air heater, 17, Low pressure heater of steam turbine recovery system, 18, Water pump.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
本发明首先通过减少空气预热器受热面的面积来提高排烟温度，从而解决空气预热器ABS堵灰问题。其次，通过安装在除尘器至引风机连接烟道中的低压低温省煤器，吸收排烟的余热达到控制排烟温度的目的，并且由于低压低温省煤器布置在除尘器后，所以基本避免了受热面堵灰现象的出现。最后，通过布置冷一、二次风道上的暖风器，来实现对空气预热器出口热一、二次风温的控制，从而满足锅炉制粉系统干燥出力和锅炉炉内燃烧的要求。The present invention first increases the exhaust gas temperature by reducing the area of the heating surface of the air preheater, so as to solve the problem of ABS clogging of the air preheater. Secondly, through the low-pressure low-temperature economizer installed in the flue connecting the dust collector to the induced draft fan, the waste heat of the exhaust gas is absorbed to achieve the purpose of controlling the exhaust gas temperature, and because the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is arranged behind the dust collector, it basically avoids The occurrence of dust blocking on the heating surface. Finally, by arranging the heaters on the cold primary and secondary air ducts, the temperature control of the hot primary and secondary air at the outlet of the air preheater is realized, so as to meet the requirements of drying output of the boiler pulverizing system and combustion in the boiler furnace.
本发明可以有效地防止因SCR脱硝装置改造而带来的空气预热器ABS堵灰的问题；通过在除尘器后安装低压低温省煤器，不仅可以避免受热面堵灰，还可以降低锅炉排烟温度，提高机组的经济性；可以在基本保证空气预热器热二次风温的前提下，减小制粉系统冷风掺入量，提高锅炉效率。The invention can effectively prevent the problem of ABS clogging of the air preheater caused by the transformation of the SCR denitrification device; by installing a low-pressure low-temperature economizer behind the dust collector, it can not only avoid the clogging of the heating surface, but also reduce the boiler exhaust. The flue gas temperature can be improved to improve the economy of the unit; on the premise of basically ensuring the secondary air temperature of the air preheater, the amount of cold air mixed in the pulverizing system can be reduced and the boiler efficiency can be improved.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本实施例SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统，包括：沿烟气流经方向依次经过燃煤锅炉1、SCR脱硝装置2、回转式空气预热器、除尘器11、低压低温省煤器12、引风机13以及烟囱14。回转式空气预热器由回转式空气预热器高温段3和回转式空气预热器中温段4两段组成，回转式空气预热器中温段4上设有空气预热器出口烟道10以及冷一次风道8和冷二次风道9，回转式空气预热器高温段3上设有空气预热器进口烟道7以及热一次风道5和热二次风道6。冷一次风道8和冷二次风道9上分别安装一次风暖风器15、二次风暖风器16。空气预热器进口烟道7与SCR脱硝装置2相连接，空气预热器出口烟道10与除尘器11相连接。在除尘器11与引风机13连接烟道上设置低压低温省煤器12，其冷却介质为来自汽轮机回热系统低压加热器17。运行时，烟气侧空气预热器进口烟道7烟气温度为340℃-350℃，出口烟道10烟气温度为200℃-210℃；低压低温省煤器12进口烟气温度为190℃-200℃，出口烟气温度为80℃-90℃。空气侧当锅炉燃烧劣质煤，冷一次风道8和冷二次风道9上的一次风暖风器15、二次风暖风器16投运，进入回转式空气预热器中温段4的冷一、二次风温度为40-50℃，空气预热器出口热一次风道5、热二次风道6风温为270-280℃。该系统简单易于实施，适宜新建锅炉，对于现役锅炉的改造，施工也简单，但适于除尘器和引风机有余量的锅炉进行改造。As shown in Figure 1, the system for preventing ammonium bisulfate from clogging the air preheater after the SCR denitrification transformation in this embodiment includes: passing through the coal-fired boiler 1, the SCR denitrification device 2, and the rotary air preheater in sequence along the flue gas flow direction. device, dust collector 11, low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12, induced draft fan 13 and chimney 14. The rotary air preheater is composed of the high temperature section 3 of the rotary air preheater and the medium temperature section 4 of the rotary air preheater. The medium temperature section 4 of the rotary air preheater is provided with an air preheater outlet flue 10 As well as the cold primary air duct 8 and the cold secondary air duct 9, the high temperature section 3 of the rotary air preheater is provided with an air preheater inlet flue 7, a hot primary air duct 5 and a hot secondary air duct 6. A primary air heater 15 and a secondary air heater 16 are respectively installed on the cold primary air channel 8 and the cold secondary air channel 9 . The inlet flue 7 of the air preheater is connected with the SCR denitrification device 2 , and the outlet flue 10 of the air preheater is connected with the dust collector 11 . A low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12 is installed on the flue connecting the dust collector 11 and the induced draft fan 13, and its cooling medium is a low-pressure heater 17 from the steam turbine recovery system. During operation, the flue gas temperature at the inlet flue 7 of the flue gas side air preheater is 340°C-350°C, the flue gas temperature at the outlet flue 10 is 200°C-210°C; the inlet flue gas temperature of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12 is 190 ℃-200℃, the outlet flue gas temperature is 80℃-90℃. On the air side, when the boiler burns low-quality coal, the primary air heater 15 and secondary air heater 16 on the cold primary air duct 8 and the cold secondary air duct 9 are put into operation, and enter the middle temperature section 4 of the rotary air preheater The temperature of the cold primary and secondary air is 40-50°C, and the air temperature of the hot primary air passage 5 and the hot secondary air passage 6 at the outlet of the air preheater is 270-280°C. The system is simple and easy to implement, and is suitable for new boilers. The construction is also simple for the reconstruction of existing boilers, but it is suitable for the reconstruction of boilers with surplus dust collectors and induced draft fans.
本实施例中，由于低压低温省煤器布置在除尘器后，烟气中绝大部分的飞灰被分离，所以基本避免了受热面出现因积灰而导致的堵塞现象。In this embodiment, because the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is arranged after the dust collector, most of the fly ash in the flue gas is separated, so the clogging caused by the accumulation of dust on the heating surface is basically avoided.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的方法，适用于实施例1中所述的SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统，所述方法包括：燃煤锅炉输出的烟气依次经过SCR脱硝装置、空气预热器、除尘器、低压低温省煤器、引风机、烟囱；The method for preventing ammonium bisulfate from blocking the air preheater after SCR denitrification transformation in this embodiment is applicable to the system for preventing ammonium bisulfate from blocking the air preheater after SCR denitration transformation described in Example 1. The method includes: The flue gas output from the coal boiler passes through the SCR denitrification device, air preheater, dust collector, low-pressure low-temperature economizer, induced draft fan, and chimney in sequence;
所述的空气预热器冷一次风道上安装暖风器。空气预热器受热面减少后，在冷一次风道暖风器不投运时，热一次风道出口风温可达到230℃-240℃左右，因此，在锅炉燃烧水分较低的煤种时，热一次风可以不用掺冷风，就可以满足制粉系统干燥出力。然而当锅炉燃烧劣质煤水分较高时，可以通过开启冷一次风道上安装的暖风器，提高空气预热器冷一次风道进口风温，从而提高热一次风道出口风温，达到满足制粉系统干燥出力的要求。An air heater is installed on the cold primary air duct of the air preheater. After the heating surface of the air preheater is reduced, when the cold primary air duct heater is not put into operation, the outlet air temperature of the hot primary air duct can reach about 230°C-240°C. Therefore, when the boiler burns coal with low moisture , the hot primary air can meet the drying output of the milling system without mixing cold air. However, when the boiler burns low-quality coal with high water content, the air heater installed on the cold primary air duct can be turned on to increase the inlet air temperature of the cold primary air duct of the air preheater, thereby increasing the outlet air temperature of the hot primary air duct to meet the requirements of the system. Powder system drying output requirements.
所述的空气预热器冷二次风道上安装暖风器。空气预热器受热面减少后，在冷二次风道暖风机不投运时，热二次风道出口风温可达到240℃左右。热二次风温降低会影响锅炉炉内的燃烧过程，因此，需开启安装在冷二次风道上的暖风器，通过提高冷二次风道进口风温，提高热二次风道出口风温，从而减小对锅炉炉内燃烧的影响。An air heater is installed on the cold secondary air duct of the air preheater. After the heating surface of the air preheater is reduced, the air temperature at the outlet of the hot secondary air duct can reach about 240°C when the heater in the cold secondary air duct is not in operation. The lower temperature of the hot secondary air will affect the combustion process in the boiler furnace. Therefore, it is necessary to turn on the air heater installed on the cold secondary air duct. By increasing the inlet air temperature of the cold secondary air duct, the outlet air of the hot secondary air duct temperature, thereby reducing the impact on the combustion in the boiler furnace.
所述的低压低温省煤器布置在除尘器至引风机的连接烟道中，管内流动的是低于饱和温度的水，来自于汽轮机回热系统的低压加热器。低压低温省煤器分两段，分别为高温段和低温段。高温段采用钢管结构，壁面温度低于ABS露点温度，为ABS凝结段。为提高受热面的防腐蚀能力，材质采用高强度低合金考登钢，表面镀搪瓷或者使用硅作涂层。低温段采用翅片管结构，壁面温度高于烟气酸露点温度，为防酸露段，材质采用普通碳钢。运行过程中，通过控制低压低温省煤器进口水温在烟气酸露点温度之上5℃-10℃，来防止低温段低温腐蚀现象的发生。由于低压低温省煤器布置在除尘器后，烟气中绝大部分的飞灰被分离，所以基本避免了受热面出现因积灰而导致的堵塞现象。低压低温省煤器出口烟气温度控制在80-90℃左右。The low-pressure low-temperature economizer is arranged in the flue connecting the dust collector to the induced draft fan, and the water below the saturation temperature flows in the pipe, which comes from the low-pressure heater of the steam turbine recuperation system. The low-pressure low-temperature economizer is divided into two sections, namely the high-temperature section and the low-temperature section. The high-temperature section adopts steel pipe structure, and the wall temperature is lower than the ABS dew point temperature, which is the ABS condensation section. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the heating surface, the material is high-strength low-alloy Corten steel, and the surface is enamel-plated or silicon-coated. The low temperature section adopts a finned tube structure, and the wall temperature is higher than the acid dew point temperature of the flue gas. It is an acid dew section, and the material is ordinary carbon steel. In the process of operation, the low-temperature corrosion phenomenon in the low-temperature section is prevented by controlling the inlet water temperature of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer to be 5°C-10°C above the acid dew point temperature of the flue gas. Since the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is arranged after the dust collector, most of the fly ash in the flue gas is separated, so the clogging caused by the accumulation of dust on the heating surface is basically avoided. The flue gas temperature at the outlet of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer is controlled at about 80-90°C.
实施例3Example 3
如图2所示，本实施例SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统，包括：沿烟气流经方向依次经过燃煤锅炉1、SCR脱硝装置2、回转式空气预热器、低压低温省煤器12、除尘器11、引风机13以及烟囱14。回转式空气预热器由回转式空气预热器高温段3和回转式空气预热器中温段4两段组成，回转式空气预热器中温段4上设有空气预热器出口烟道10以及冷一次风道8和冷二次风道9，回转式空气预热器高温段3上设有空气预热器进口烟道7以及热一次风道5和热二次风道6。冷一次风道8和冷二次风道9上分别安装一次风暖风器15、二次风暖风器16。空气预热器进口烟道7与SCR脱硝装置2相连接，空气预热器出口烟道10与低压低温省煤器12相连接。在回转式空气预热器3、4与除尘器11连接烟道上设置低压低温省煤器12，其冷却介质为来自汽轮机回热系统低压加热器17。运行时，烟气侧空气预热器进口烟道7烟气温度为340℃-350℃，出口烟道10烟气温度为200℃-210℃；低压低温省煤器12进口烟气温度为200℃左右，出口烟气温度为80℃-90℃。空气侧当锅炉燃烧劣质煤，冷一次风道8和冷二次风道9上的一次风暖风器15、二次风暖风器16投运，进入空气预热器回转式空气预热器中温段4的冷一、二次风温度为40-50℃，空气预热器出口热一次风道5、热二次风道6风温为270-280℃。该系统低压低温省煤器12布置在回转式空气预热器3、4和除尘器11的之间，可以降低除尘器11进口烟气温度，提高除尘器11运行效率，有利于保障除尘器11的运行安全，还可以降低引风机13电耗。但由于进入低压低温省煤器12的烟气中含有较大量的飞灰，所以需防止低压低温省煤器12高温段出现因积灰而导致的堵塞现象。该系统高温段主要通过优化设计受热面结构(优化选取管间距及管间烟气流速)，以及配置双介质高能量射流吹灰器来解决积灰问题。该系统适于现役锅炉的改造，锅炉改动较小，只需增加低压低温省煤器12施工简便。As shown in Figure 2, the system for preventing ammonium bisulfate from clogging the air preheater after the SCR denitrification transformation in this embodiment includes: passing through the coal-fired boiler 1, the SCR denitrification device 2, and the rotary air preheater in sequence along the flue gas flow direction. device, low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12, dust collector 11, induced draft fan 13 and chimney 14. The rotary air preheater is composed of two sections, the high temperature section 3 of the rotary air preheater and the medium temperature section 4 of the rotary air preheater. The medium temperature section 4 of the rotary air preheater is provided with an outlet flue 10 of the air preheater As well as the cold primary air duct 8 and the cold secondary air duct 9 , the high temperature section 3 of the rotary air preheater is provided with an air preheater inlet flue 7 and a hot primary air duct 5 and a hot secondary air duct 6 . A primary air heater 15 and a secondary air heater 16 are respectively installed on the cold primary air channel 8 and the cold secondary air channel 9 . The inlet flue 7 of the air preheater is connected to the SCR denitrification device 2 , and the outlet flue 10 of the air preheater is connected to the low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12 . A low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12 is installed on the flue connecting the rotary air preheaters 3, 4 and the dust collector 11, and its cooling medium is a low-pressure heater 17 from the steam turbine recovery system. During operation, the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet flue 7 of the flue gas side air preheater is 340°C-350°C, the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet flue 10 is 200°C-210°C; the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12 is 200°C ℃, the outlet flue gas temperature is 80℃-90℃. On the air side, when the boiler burns low-quality coal, the primary air heater 15 and secondary air heater 16 on the cold primary air duct 8 and the cold secondary air duct 9 are put into operation, and enter the air preheater rotary air preheater The temperature of the cold primary and secondary air in the middle temperature section 4 is 40-50°C, and the air temperature of the hot primary air passage 5 and the hot secondary air passage 6 at the outlet of the air preheater is 270-280°C. The low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12 of the system is arranged between the rotary air preheaters 3 and 4 and the dust collector 11, which can reduce the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the dust collector 11, improve the operating efficiency of the dust collector 11, and help to ensure that the dust collector 11 safe operation, and can also reduce the power consumption of the induced draft fan 13. However, since the flue gas entering the low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12 contains a relatively large amount of fly ash, it is necessary to prevent the high-temperature section of the low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12 from clogging due to ash accumulation. The high-temperature section of the system mainly solves the dust accumulation problem by optimizing the design of the heating surface structure (optimizing the selection of the tube spacing and the flue gas flow rate between the tubes) and configuring a dual-media high-energy jet sootblower. The system is suitable for the reconstruction of the boiler in active service, and the boiler is slightly modified, only needing to add the low-pressure low-temperature economizer 12, and the construction is simple.
实施例4Example 4
本实施例SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的方法，适用于实施例3中所述的SCR脱硝改造后防止硫酸氢铵堵塞空气预热器的系统，所述方法包括：燃煤锅炉输出的烟气依次经过SCR脱硝装置、空气预热器、低压低温省煤器、除尘器、引风机、烟囱。其他工作方法与实施例2相同，不同之处仅在于更改了除尘器和低温低压省煤器的位置。The method for preventing ammonium bisulfate from clogging the air preheater after SCR denitration transformation in this embodiment is applicable to the system for preventing ammonium bisulfate from clogging the air preheater after SCR denitration transformation described in Example 3. The method includes: The flue gas output from the coal boiler passes through the SCR denitrification device, air preheater, low-pressure low-temperature economizer, dust collector, induced draft fan, and chimney in sequence. Other working methods are the same as in Embodiment 2, the only difference is that the positions of the dust collector and the low-temperature and low-pressure economizer are changed.
传统的空气预热器大多为3段，分别为高、中、低温段，ABS一般在空气预热器的中低温段连接处和低温段的温度区间粘性很强，容易粘结飞灰堵塞空气预热器。本专利中的空气预热器取消传统空气预热器的冷段，将换热元件改为2段，从而使得空气预热器烟气侧出口温度提升至205℃左右。Most of the traditional air preheaters have three sections, which are high, medium and low temperature sections respectively. ABS is generally very viscous at the junction of the middle and low temperature sections of the air preheater and the temperature range of the low temperature section, and it is easy to stick fly ash to block the air Preheater. The air preheater in this patent cancels the cold section of the traditional air preheater, and changes the heat exchange element into two sections, so that the outlet temperature of the flue gas side of the air preheater is raised to about 205°C.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention. and modifications, these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN114857961B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2024-03-01 | 内蒙古大板发电有限责任公司 | Power plant boiler system for preventing air preheater from being blocked |
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Effective date of registration: 20180402 Address after: 100000, No. 1, courtyard 6, Shijingshan District, Beijing, Shijingshan District, 1201. 1201 Applicant after: CHINA DATANG CORPORATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE CO.,LTD. THERMAL POWER TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE Address before: 100043, No. 1, courtyard 6, Shijingshan District, Beijing, Shijingshan District, 1515. 1515 Applicant before: NORTH CHINA BRANCH, CHINA DATANG CORPORATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. |
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