CN107634291B - Dual-passband differential filter based on miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator - Google Patents
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Abstract
A dual-passband differential filter based on a miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator comprises a metal cavity, two dual-mode dielectric resonators and two groups of differential excitation structures, wherein a metal baffle for dividing the metal cavity into two rectangular cavities is arranged at the position of a middle facet of the metal cavity, and one dual-mode dielectric resonator and one group of differential excitation structures distributed on two opposite sides of the dual-mode dielectric resonator are arranged in each rectangular cavity; the dual-mode dielectric resonator is a rectangular dielectric resonator with a square cross section, the bottom of the dual-mode dielectric resonator is in direct contact with the bottom of the metal cavity, a pair of cut angles used for separating orthogonal degenerate modes are arranged at diagonal positions of the dual-mode dielectric resonator, the diagonal where the pair of cut angles of each dual-mode dielectric resonator is located is parallel to the metal baffle, and projections of the two groups of differential excitation structures on the bottom of the metal cavity are four vertexes of a parallelogram. The invention has the advantages of small volume, low insertion loss, high-pass band selectivity and high isolation between pass bands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication filtering, in particular to a dual-passband differential filter based on a miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the design of radio frequency integrated circuits becomes increasingly complex. This directly leads to high electromagnetic interference between circuit nodes and interference/crosstalk from inter-substrate coupling and free space as it packages more functions and signals into a more compact space.
Compared with the traditional single-ended circuit, the differential topology circuit has the advantages of high anti-jamming capability, high reliability and high output power, so that many radio frequency devices adopt the differential topology structure, such as an amplifier, a coupler and a filter. Meanwhile, in order to meet the demand for the development of communication systems into multiband communication and the trend toward miniaturization of communication devices, miniaturized multiband-pass filters having high performance are highly required in communication systems. Most of the existing dual-passband differential filters adopt resonators prepared by printed circuit boards, substrate integrated waveguides and other technologies, and because of the unloaded quality factor (Q) of the resonatorsu) Lower, resulting in poor filter performance such as high insertion loss and low band selectivity.
The dielectric resonator dates back to the end of the thirty years of the last century at the earliest, but the dielectric resonator has not been popularized and applied because the technology and technical level at that time are low and a high dielectric constant material with small enough loss under the microwave frequency band is not developed. Until the sixty years, due to the development of material science and technology, it has become possible to develop low-loss, high-dielectric-constant microwave dielectric materials. Meanwhile, due to the development of space technology, the requirements for high reliability and miniaturization of electronic equipment are increasingly urgent. Therefore, research into dielectric resonators has been newly active. In the seventies, several ceramic dielectric series materials meeting the performance requirements were successively developed in the United states, Japan and other countries. Dielectric resonators have only been used in microwave circuits as a new type of microwave component. Dielectric resonators rely today on their high QuSmall volume and excellent temperature stability, and has been widely used in various radio frequency applications, such as filters and antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-passband differential filter based on a miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator, aiming at the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a dual-passband differential filter based on a miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator is constructed, and comprises a metal cavity, two dual-mode dielectric resonators fixed in the metal cavity side by side, and two groups of differential excitation structures fixed on the bottom wall of the metal cavity, wherein a metal baffle is arranged at the middle split surface of the metal cavity, a certain distance is arranged between the two sides of the metal baffle and the corresponding side wall of the metal cavity, the metal baffle divides the metal cavity into two rectangular cavities which are communicated side by side, and each rectangular cavity is internally provided with one dual-mode dielectric resonator and one group of differential excitation structures distributed on the two opposite sides of the dual-mode dielectric resonator;
the double-mode dielectric resonator is a rectangular dielectric resonator with a square cross section, the bottom of the double-mode dielectric resonator is directly contacted with the bottom of the metal cavity, and the top of the rectangular dielectric resonator is separated from the top of the metal cavity by a certain distance; a pair of tangential angles used for separating orthogonal degenerate modes is arranged at the diagonal positions of the dual-mode dielectric resonators, the diagonal where the pair of tangential angles of each dual-mode dielectric resonator is located is parallel to the metal baffle, and the projections of the two groups of differential excitation structures at the bottom of the metal cavity are four vertexes of a parallelogram.
The dual-passband differential filter further comprises a group of fixing pieces which can be fixed through metal screws, wherein the group of fixing pieces are located at a pair of tangential angles of the dual-mode dielectric resonator and are fixedly bonded with the dual-mode dielectric resonator.
The differential excitation structure comprises a microwave connector arranged on the bottom wall of the metal cavity and a feed probe correspondingly connected with the microwave connector, and the feed probe extends along the height direction of the dual-mode dielectric resonator.
And a tuning disc for micro-tuning the resonant frequency is also arranged right above the dual-mode dielectric resonator.
The dual-passband differential filter based on the miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator has the following beneficial effects: because the rectangular dielectric resonator with the square cross section is directly placed at the bottom of the metal cavity, compared with the traditional dual-mode dielectric resonator, the size of the dielectric resonator can be reduced by half, and the electromagnetic field distribution of the main mode cannot be changed. According to the main mode electromagnetic field distribution and the ampere right-hand spiral rule of the dual-mode dielectric resonator, two groups of orthogonal TE11δThe mode is easy to be excited differentially, the differential mode passband of the dual-passband differential filter is constructed through proper coupling, the advantages of low insertion loss and high passband selectivity are achieved, and the degree of common mode rejection is high in a wide frequency range; and because the symmetrical plane of each group of differential excitation structures is parallel to the symmetrical plane of the other group of differential excitation structures, the structure enables a transmission zero point to be generated between two differential mode passbands, and improves the isolation between the two passbands.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts:
FIG. 1 is a top view of a dual bandpass differential filter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a dual-passband differential filter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional block diagram of a dual-mode dielectric resonator;
FIG. 4 is a main mode TE11δ xAnd TE11δ ySchematic diagram of electric field distribution of (1);
FIG. 5 is f0And QuA schematic diagram of the relationship between the parameters Gap;
FIG. 6 is f0And QuA relation diagram between the parameter A and the reference value A;
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the resonant frequencies of modes A and B and the parameter s;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the coupling path of the dual bandpass differential filter of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a parameter w1Or w2And k;
FIG. 10 is a graph of parameters g or l and QeSchematic diagram of the relationship between;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the frequency response of the coupling matrix M and the simulation results of the dual passband differential filter of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph comparing simulation and actual measurement results for a dual-passband differential filter of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It is noted that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The terms including ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", and the like used in the present specification may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one constituent element from other constituent elements. For example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be named a first component, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments of the specification, and it should be understood that the embodiments and specific features of the embodiments of the present invention are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited to the technical solutions of the present application, and the technical features of the embodiments and examples of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the dual-band-pass differential filter based on miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonators of the present invention includes a metal cavity 100, two dual-mode dielectric resonators 200 and 300, and two sets of differential excitation structures 1, 1 'and 2, 2' with the same size, wherein one set is used for differential input and the other set is used for differential output.
Two groups of differential excitation structures 1, 1 'and 2, 2' are respectively located at two opposite sides of the two dual-mode dielectric resonators 200 and 300, the distance from each differential excitation structure to the side face of the corresponding dual-mode dielectric resonator is equal, and each group of differential excitation structures 1, 1 'or 2, 2' is located on the bisection plane of the corresponding dual-mode dielectric resonator 200 or 300. The two dual-mode dielectric resonators 200 and 300 are fixed in the metal cavity 100 side by side, that is, the orientations of the dual-mode dielectric resonators 200 and 300 are identical, and similarly, the orientations of the two sets of differential excitation structures 1, 1 'and 2, 2' are also identical.
Specifically, the dual-mode dielectric resonators 200 and 300 are rectangular dielectric resonators with square cross sections and the bottoms of the dielectric resonators are in direct contact with the bottom of the metal cavity 100, but the tops of the dual-mode dielectric resonators 200 and 300 are spaced from the top of the metal cavity by a certain distance; a pair of tangential angles for separating orthogonal degenerate modes are arranged at diagonal positions of the dual-mode dielectric resonator 200 or 300, and the structure 10 or 10' is shown as a dotted line in the figure, so that the dual-mode dielectric resonator 200 is illustrated; a tuning disk (not shown) for fine tuning of the resonant frequency is also disposed directly above the dual-mode dielectric resonators 200 and 300.
Specifically, the metal cavity 100 belongs to a rectangular cavity, a metal baffle 3 is arranged at the middle split surface position in the length direction, and the metal baffle 3 is to be arrangedThe metal cavity 100 is divided into two rectangular cavities 101 and 102 which are parallel and communicated with each other. The top and the bottom of the metal baffle 3 are in direct contact with the top and the bottom of the metal cavity 100, respectively, and a certain distance is formed between the two sides of the metal baffle 3 and the corresponding side wall of the metal cavity 100, as shown by w in the figure1、w2As shown.
In this embodiment, the dual-mode dielectric resonator 200 and the corresponding differential excitation structures 1 and 1 'are located in the rectangular cavity 101, and the dual-mode dielectric resonator 300 and the corresponding differential excitation structures 2 and 2' are located in the rectangular cavity 102. The diagonal lines of the cut angles of the dual-mode dielectric resonators 200 and 300 are parallel to the metal baffle 3, and the projections of the two groups of differential excitation structures 1, 1 'and 2, 2' at the bottom of the metal cavity 100 are four vertexes of a parallelogram.
In order to fix the dual-mode dielectric resonators 200, 300, a pair of fixing members, for example, 41, 42 and 43, 44, may be designed at a pair of corner cut positions thereof. The fixing members 41, 42, 43, 44 may be fixed with metal screws. In order to improve the fixing effect, prevent shaking and uniformly bear force, the fixing pieces 41 and 42 are arranged at two non-opposite corners of two tangential angles of the dual-mode dielectric resonator 200, and similarly, the fixing pieces 43 and 44 are arranged at two non-opposite corners of two tangential angles of the dual-mode dielectric resonator 300.
Specifically, each of the differential excitation structures 1, 1 'and 2, 2' includes a microwave connector disposed on the bottom wall of the metal cavity 100 and a feeding probe correspondingly connected to the microwave connector, where the feeding probe extends along the height direction of the dual-mode dielectric resonator 200 or 300.
The design, analysis process and effect of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to explain the filter of the present invention, it is necessary to first introduce the characteristics of the dual-mode dielectric resonator therein. For a rectangular dielectric resonator with the size of a x 2h, the resonator can resonate at different frequencies, and the main mode of the resonator is a set of orthogonally degenerated TE11δMode(s). According to the boundary condition of the electromagnetic field, the original electromagnetic field distribution is not influenced by coating a layer of metal on the electric field symmetry plane (electric wall), and based on the reason, the proposed dual-mode mediumThe structure of the resonator is shown in fig. 3, a dielectric resonator with a size of a × a × H is directly placed at the bottom of a metal cavity with a size of a × a × H, and the metal surface at the bottom of the metal cavity is equivalent to a main mode TE11δThe electrical wall of the mode reduces the size of the resonator by half due to the half-cut. At the same time, its principal mode is still a set of orthogonally degenerate TE11δModes, i.e. TE11δ xAnd TE11δ yModes, as shown in the left and right diagrams of fig. 4, respectively.
FIGS. 5-7 show some characteristics of the dual-mode dielectric resonator shown in FIG. 3, such as the resonant frequency f of the main mode0And Qu. Here, the parameter Gap is defined as H-H. As can be seen in FIG. 5, f0And QuDecreases with increasing Gap value and drops sharply in the region where the Gap value is less than 12 mm. As shown in fig. 6, likewise, f0And QuThe relationship with the parameter a shows a similar downward trend. These characteristics help to select the appropriate dimensions of the dual-mode dielectric resonator and the metal cavity during the design of the filter. In order to separate a set of orthogonal degenerate modes, as shown in fig. 7, the filter of the present invention cuts a diagonal of the dual-mode dielectric resonator of fig. 3 to form a set of cut corners having a side length S as shown in fig. 7, which can achieve the separation of a set of orthogonal degenerate modes. The separated modes are designated mode a and mode B, corresponding to lower and higher resonant frequencies, respectively. Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the resonance frequencies of modes a and B and the parameter S. As can be seen from the graph, when the value of the parameter S is less than 7.5mm, increasing the value of S causes the resonant frequency of mode B to increase rapidly, while the frequency of mode a remains almost unchanged. By taking advantage of this property, the resonant frequencies of the two modes can be separated far apart, thereby constructing the two frequency bands of the filter.
Based on the above analysis, we have designed a dual-passband differential filter structured as shown in fig. 1-2. The design criterion is the center frequency f of the first pass band (low pass band)1At 1.52GHz with a ripple relative bandwidth of 0.07dB of 0.4% (FBW)L) (ii) a Center frequency f of the second pass band (high pass band)2At 1.64GHz with a ripple contrast of 0.057dBBandwidth of 0.43% (FBW)H). Wherein the length l of the feed probe and its spacing g from the resonator determine the amount of input/output coupling, i.e. the external quality factor Qe. The metal baffle is positioned in the middle of the metal cavity to form two signal transmission paths. Parameter w1And w2The coupling strength, i.e. the coupling coefficient k, between the two resonators is controlled. FIG. 8 shows the coupling path of a dual-passband differential filter of the present invention, where SdAnd LdRepresenting source and load, 1A(2A) And 1B(2B) Indicating the lower and upper resonant frequencies of the dual-mode dielectric resonator 200 (dual-mode dielectric resonator 300). Obviously, path Sd-1A-2A-LdConstructing a first pass band, i.e. a low pass band, while path Sd-1B-2B-LdA second pass band, the high pass band, is constructed.
In the design analysis of the differential filter, since a set of differential port pairs can be equivalent to one port (equivalent to a single port), k and Q in the conventional single-ended filter designeThe extraction method of (3) is equally applicable to differential filter design. Therefore, in order to extract k in the dual-band differential filter, the first step requires changing the size of the feed probe or the proximity of the probe to the resonator to form weak coupling. Then, will follow curve Sdd21Record the corresponding fa1，fa2，fb1And fb2Wherein f isa1(fb1) And fa2(fb2) Representing the lower and upper resonance frequencies of the low (high) passband, respectively. Therefore, the extracted k can be calculated by formula (1). As can be seen from FIG. 9, with parameter w1Or w2The value of k becomes larger as the value increases.
To extract QeThe first step is to build its corresponding simulation model, as shown in the inset in FIG. 10. Next, according to the curve Sdd11The group delay characteristic of (1), record fg1And fg2. Then according to curve Sdd11Respectively recorded in fg1And fg2Bandwidth BW of +/-90 DEGg1And BWg2. Therefore, Q extractedeCan be calculated by the formula (2). As can be seen from fig. 10, Q increases as the coupling strength between the resonator and the feed probe increaseseThe value of (c) is decreased.
According to the design index of the dual-band differential Chebyshev band-pass filter, the lumped element value of the low-pass prototype filter can be determined as follows: for low pass bands, g0L＝1，g1L＝0.7609，g2L0.5901; for high pass bands, g0H＝1，g1H＝0.7181，g2H0.5709. Then, k and Q required for filter design can be calculated by using equations (3a), (3b)eI.e. of low passband
And
of high pass band
And
therefore, we can calculate a coupling matrix M corresponding to the design index of the dual-band differential filter, which is established at a center frequency of f ═ f (f ═ f)1+f2) Single wide band filtering of/2Based on the filter, the absolute bandwidth BW covers two pass bands, FBW, of the dual-pass-band differential filtertRepresenting the relative bandwidth of the wideband filter. BW in equations (5) and (7)LAnd BWHCorresponding to the absolute bandwidths of the low-pass band and the high-pass band, respectively.
Finally, the extracted k and Q are used according to the design index of the dual-band difference filtereThe corresponding size of the dual-passband differential filter after simulation optimization can be determined as follows: g 3.92mm, l 25mm, w1＝10.5mm，w213mm, iris 3mm, A83 mm, B40 mm, C32 mm. Fig. 11 shows the frequency response of the coupling matrix M and the simulation results of the dual bandpass differential filter of the present invention, demonstrating good agreement. At the same time, the degree of common mode rejection is high over a wide frequency range. Fig. 12 shows simulation and actual measurement results of the dual-passband differential filter of the present invention, with good consistency. As can be seen from the figure, the measured center frequency of the first pass band is 1.52GHz, the insertion loss is 0.9dB and the return loss is better than 15 dB; the measured center frequency of the second pass band is 1.64GHz, the insertion loss is 0.85dB and the return loss is better than 12 dB; the common mode rejection in both differential mode passbands is higher than 45 dB; a transmission zero is generated near the frequency of 1.58GHz, so that the separation between passbands is improvedAnd (5) separating.
In summary, the dual-passband differential filter based on the miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator has the following beneficial effects: because the rectangular dielectric resonator with the square cross section is directly placed at the bottom of the metal cavity, compared with the traditional dual-mode dielectric resonator, the size of the dielectric resonator can be reduced by half, and the electromagnetic field distribution of the main mode cannot be changed. According to the main mode electromagnetic field distribution and the ampere right-hand spiral rule of the dual-mode dielectric resonator, two groups of orthogonal TE11δThe mode is easy to be excited differentially, the differential mode passband of the dual-passband differential filter is constructed through proper coupling, the advantages of low insertion loss and high passband selectivity are achieved, and the degree of common mode rejection is high in a wide frequency range; and because the symmetrical plane of each group of differential excitation structures is parallel to the symmetrical plane of the other group of differential excitation structures, the structure enables a transmission zero point to be generated between two differential mode passbands, and improves the isolation between the two passbands.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A dual-passband differential filter based on a miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator is characterized by comprising a metal cavity, two dual-mode dielectric resonators fixed in the metal cavity side by side and two groups of differential excitation structures fixed on the bottom wall of the metal cavity, wherein a metal baffle is arranged at the middle splitting surface of the metal cavity, a certain distance is arranged between the two sides of the metal baffle and the corresponding side wall of the metal cavity, the metal baffle divides the metal cavity into two rectangular cavities which are communicated side by side, and one dual-mode dielectric resonator and one group of differential excitation structures distributed on the two opposite sides of the dual-mode dielectric resonators are arranged in each rectangular cavity;
the double-mode dielectric resonator is a rectangular dielectric resonator with a square cross section, the bottom of the double-mode dielectric resonator is directly contacted with the bottom of the metal cavity, and the top of the rectangular dielectric resonator is separated from the top of the metal cavity by a certain distance; a pair of tangential angles used for separating orthogonal degenerate modes is arranged at the diagonal positions of the dual-mode dielectric resonators, the diagonal where the pair of tangential angles of each dual-mode dielectric resonator is located is parallel to the metal baffle, the projections of the two groups of differential excitation structures at the bottom of the metal cavity are four vertexes of a parallelogram, and each group of differential excitation structures is located on the bisection plane of the corresponding dual-mode dielectric resonator on the non-tangential angle.
2. The dual-passband differential filter based on the miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator of claim 1, which is located at the very center of the corresponding rectangular cavity.
3. The dual-passband differential filter based on the miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator according to claim 1, further comprising a set of fixing members which can be fixed by metal screws, wherein the set of fixing members are located at a pair of tangential corners of the dual-mode dielectric resonator and are fixed with the dual-mode dielectric resonator in an adhesion manner.
4. The dual-passband differential filter based on the miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator of claim 1, wherein the differential excitation structure comprises a microwave connector fixed on the bottom wall of the metal cavity and a feeding probe correspondingly connected with the microwave connector, and the feeding probe extends along the height direction of the dual-mode dielectric resonator.
5. The dual-passband differential filter based on the miniaturized dual-mode dielectric resonator of claim 1, wherein a tuning disc for fine tuning of the resonant frequency is further disposed right above the dual-mode dielectric resonator.
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| CN108493565B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2023-08-18 | 华南理工大学 | Narrowband filtering annular coupler based on four-mode dielectric resonator |
| CN109861002B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2024-07-16 | 河南思维轨道交通技术研究院有限公司 | Dual-mode dual-passband filter antenna |
| WO2020258177A1 (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-30 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | Differential resonator and mems sensor |
| CN113036328B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-04-12 | 南通大学 | Dual-channel filter with different center frequencies |
| CN113036327B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-04-15 | 南通大学 | Different-frequency dual-channel filtering balun based on dual-mode dielectric resonator |
| CN113036329B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-04-12 | 南通大学 | Dual-channel filter based on dual-mode dielectric resonator |
| CN113036332B (en) * | 2021-03-27 | 2022-02-22 | 南通大学 | Dual-mode dual-passband dielectric filter capable of generating out-of-band zero |
| CN113904083B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-10-04 | 南通大学 | Integrated structure of filter and power divider |
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