CN107631899B - A kind of continuous sampling system and sampling method for ocean gas hydrate - Google Patents
A kind of continuous sampling system and sampling method for ocean gas hydrate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of continuous sampling systems and sampling method for ocean gas hydrate, it is by refrigeration equipment, single action rotates Sampling driller, high-pressure plunger pump, compressed air unit, the equipment of making nitrogen, heat-insulation pressure keeping separator and heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case composition, refrigeration equipment, single action rotates Sampling driller, high-pressure plunger pump, compressed air unit, the equipment of making nitrogen, pass through piping connection between heat-insulation pressure keeping separator and heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case, and it is successively fixed on exploration ship, single action rotation Sampling driller is contacted with ocean gas hydrate stratum；The present invention uses high pressure low temperature jet stream to creep into stratum as cutting element; broken hydrate block is transported by way of hydraulic hoisting to sea heat-insulation pressure keeping storehouse; fidelity continuous coring is realized according to self-shield effect; decomposition of hydrate caused by effectively reducing because of drill bit frictional heat generation ensure that reacting cycle channel is in low temperature environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Sampling driller and sampling method, in particular to a kind of company for ocean gas hydrate
Continuous sampler and sampling method.
Background technique
Gas hydrates are also known as solid-state methane, it is made of natural gas and water, be in solid state, appearance pole as
Ice and snow or solid alcohol, igniting is incendivity, therefore someone is called " combustible ice ", " gas ice ", " solid gas ".Gas water
The crystallization screen work for closing object is mainly made of hydrone, and under the conditions of different cryogenic high pressures, hydrone crystallizes to form difference
The multi-panel cage structure of type.It is estimated that methane resource is about 2.16 × 10 in global sea bed gas hydrate16M3, first
Carbon total amount in alkane is equivalent to twice of the fossil fuels total resources such as currently known coal, oil and natural gas.Currently, having sent out
Existing Gas Hydrate is mainly distributed in the loose sediment layer of seabed or less 0m-1500m, and gas hydrates have can
It can become that another reserves after shale gas, coal bed gas, oil-sand etc. are huge to take over the energy.
Presently found hydrate mainly exists in the form of four kinds, respectively sandrock-type, sandstone crack type, particulate crack type
Hydrate, distributed hydrate.Particulate crack type hydrate, distributed hydrate total amount are big at present, the shallow, cementing properties with buried depth
The features such as poor.There is " self-shield effect " in gas hydrates, the methane hydrate decomposition rate figure drawn according to Stern et al.
It is found that decomposition of hydrate rate is extremely slow under the isothermy of 271K (- 2 DEG C), when pressure is in this temperature range
1.0MPa (the 100m depth of water) decomposition of hydrate is one month.
Existing patent retrieval discovery, Chinese Patent Application No. are as follows: CN201210344300.2, a kind of entitled " natural gas
Hydrate pressure keeping sampler ", the structure make the hydrate sample into basket in lifting process by the ball-valve structure designed
It is middle to keep pressure in situ；
Chinese Patent Application No. are as follows: CN2008100504760, it is entitled " gas hydrate hole-bottom frozen sampler and
Its sampling method ", the structure reduce hydrate core temperature in bottom hole to inhibit to be hydrated by providing a kind of by external cold source
Object decomposes, and reduces hydrate critical decomposition pressure using the method for active cooling, is not necessarily to pressure maintaining, to realize that passive type is depressured
The gas hydrate hole-bottom frozen sampler for maintaining hydrate stable.
It can be seen that existing sampling technique relies on wire line coring technology, since rock core length of tube is limited, when rock core is full of
It needs to stop boring after basket to salvage basket, cannot achieve continuous coring, exist simultaneously hydrate caused by drill bit frictional heat generation
Resolution problem.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to solve above-mentioned existing sampler to need to stop to bore since rock core is full of after basket to salvage rock
Heart pipe and the problems such as cannot achieve decomposition of hydrate caused by continuous coring and drill bit frictional heat generation, and provide a kind of use
The continuous sampling system and sampling method of Yu Haiyang's gas hydrates.
A kind of continuous sampling system for ocean gas hydrate of the present invention is by refrigeration equipment, single action rotation
Sampling driller, high-pressure plunger pump, compressed air unit, the equipment of making nitrogen, heat-insulation pressure keeping separator and heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case group
At refrigeration equipment, single action rotation Sampling driller, high-pressure plunger pump, compressed air unit, the equipment of making nitrogen, heat-insulation pressure keeping separation dress
It sets by piping connection between heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case, and is successively fixed on exploration ship, single action rotates Sampling driller
It is contacted with ocean gas hydrate stratum；
It includes three wall drilling rods, double-wall drill pipe, single action mechanism and swivel nozzle cylinder body, three wall drilling rods that single action, which rotates Sampling driller,
It is fixed on exploration ship, double-wall drill pipe is fixedly connected on three wall drilling rod lower ends, and double-wall drill pipe lower end has bottom spray orifice, single action
Mechanism is arranged in double-wall drill pipe annular space, and swivel nozzle cylinder body is embedded in single action mechanism；
Have high pressure gas transfer passage, high pressure water transfer passage, mixing wastewater with air room and reacting cycle center logical on three wall drilling rods
Road；
Double-wall drill pipe includes outer tube and inner tube, and inner tube is arranged in outer tube, and double-wall drill pipe has reacting cycle central passage；
Single action mechanism includes outer thrust bearing upper cover, interior thrust bearing upper cover, interior thrust bearing lower cover and outer thrust bearing
Lower cover, outer thrust bearing upper cover are sealedly connected on outer tube wall, and interior thrust bearing upper cover is sealedly connected on outer wall of inner tube, outer thrust
Bearing lower cover is fixedly connected on outer tube wall, and interior thrust bearing lower cover is fixedly connected on outer wall of inner tube, outer thrust bearing upper cover and
To be fixedly connected between interior thrust bearing upper cover and swivel nozzle cylinder body, interior thrust bearing lower cover and outer thrust bearing lower cover and rotation
Turn between nozzle cylinder body as sealed connection；
Swivel nozzle cylinder body has limit base and runner, and runner inclination angle a is 10 ° -15 °.
A kind of continuous sampling method for ocean gas hydrate of the present invention, the specific operation method is as follows:
1) by refrigeration equipment that jet media is cooling, make jet media temperature lower than -2 DEG C, high-pressure plunger pump will cool down
Low temperature jet flow medium afterwards is pumped into high pressure water transfer passage, and high pressure water reaches single action and rotates Sampling driller bottom；
2) swivel nozzle cylinder body can not be detached under the action of limit base with single action mechanism, and outer thrust bearing upper cover can be
Rotary motion is done on outer tube wall, interior thrust bearing upper cover can do rotary motion, swivel nozzle cylinder body point on outer wall of inner tube
Rotary motion can not be done around outer thrust bearing lower cover and interior thrust bearing lower cover；
3) high pressure low temperature water jet is by runner, and runner inclination angle a is 10 ° -15 °, and being formed has certain spray angle
There is high-pressure water jet certain angle high pressure low temperature water jet to apply one along swivel nozzle cylinder body circumferential direction to swivel nozzle cylinder body
Power, rotate swivel nozzle cylinder body, while thrust bearing upper cover and outer thrust bearing upper cover rotate together in driving, and form rotation
Turn jet stream revolution cutting hydrate formation, high pressure water is sprayed from bottom spray orifice cuts off the hydrate rock core for entering transfer passage, together
When formed low pressure bottom hydrate particle is pumped in reacting cycle central passage, double-wall drill pipe bottom is provided with hard alloy blocks
To prevent from building the pressure after drilling tool touches bottom hole, while also functioning to the effect of the finishing borehole wall；
4) equipment of making nitrogen prepares nitrogen and stores, and is connected with compressed air unit by pipeline, and compressed air unit is by nitrogen
Air pump is sent into high pressure gas transfer passage, and mixing wastewater with air room is reached, and makes to form gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixing in reacting cycle central passage
Fluid forms gas lift reverse circulation, using " the self-shield effect " of hydrate (under -2 DEG C of isothermy, when pressure is 1.0MPa
Decomposition of hydrate is one month), reduce the decomposition rate of hydrate, realize " fidelity " continuous coring, three-phase flow directly into
Enter heat-insulation pressure keeping separator and carry out gas-liquid separation, silt separation, solid hydrate is directly entered heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case, separates
Nitrogen be stored in the equipment of making nitrogen, isolated silt is directly discharged into sea.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The configuration of the present invention is simple, it is easy to use, use high pressure low temperature jet stream to creep into stratum as cutting element, it is broken
Hydrate block is transported by way of hydraulic hoisting to sea heat-insulation pressure keeping storehouse, will be during Hydraulic transportation according to self-shield effect
The decomposition amount of hydrate reduces, realization fidelity continuous coring, decomposition of hydrate caused by effectively reducing because of drill bit frictional heat generation,
The annular space that will be filled with double-wall drill pipe using the drilling fluid of low temperature is effectively ensured reacting cycle channel and is in low temperature environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional perspective schematic diagram of single action rotation Sampling driller of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the bottom view of swivel nozzle cylinder body of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the section circumferentially expanded schematic diagram of swivel nozzle cylinder body A-A of the present invention.
In Fig. 1: A- seawater, the superstratum B-, C- hydrate formation.
Specific embodiment
It please refers to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a kind of continuous sampling for ocean gas hydrate of the present invention
Device is by refrigeration equipment 1, and single action rotates Sampling driller 2, high-pressure plunger pump 3, compressed air unit 4, the equipment of making nitrogen 5, heat preservation
Pressure maintaining separator 6 and heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case 7 form, refrigeration equipment 1, single action rotation Sampling driller 2, high-pressure plunger pump 3, sky
By piping connection between gas compression device 4, the equipment of making nitrogen 5, heat-insulation pressure keeping separator 6 and heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case 7, and according to
Secondary to be fixed on exploration ship, single action rotation Sampling driller 2 is contacted with ocean gas hydrate stratum；
It includes three wall drilling rods 21, double-wall drill pipe 22, single action mechanism 24 and swivel nozzle cylinder body that single action, which rotates Sampling driller 2,
25, three wall drilling rods 21 are fixed on exploration ship, and double-wall drill pipe 22 is fixedly connected on three wall drilling rods, 21 lower end, double-wall drill pipe 22
Lower end has bottom spray orifice 26, and single action mechanism 24 is arranged in 22 annular space of double-wall drill pipe, and swivel nozzle cylinder body 25 is embedded in single acting engine
On structure 24；
There is high pressure gas transfer passage 211, high pressure water transfer passage 212, mixing wastewater with air room 23 and anti-on three wall drilling rods 21
Recycle central passage 223；
Double-wall drill pipe 22 includes outer tube 221 and inner tube 222, and inner tube 222 is arranged in outer tube 221, and double-wall drill pipe 22 has
Reacting cycle central passage 223；
Single action mechanism 24 includes outer thrust bearing upper cover 241, interior thrust bearing upper cover 242, interior 243 and of thrust bearing lower cover
Outer thrust bearing lower cover 244, outer thrust bearing upper cover 241 are sealedly connected on 221 inner wall of outer tube, and interior thrust bearing upper cover 242 is close
Envelope is connected to 222 outer wall of inner tube, and outer thrust bearing lower cover 244 is fixedly connected on 221 inner wall of outer tube, interior thrust bearing lower cover 243
Be fixedly connected on 222 outer wall of inner tube, outer thrust bearing upper cover 241 and interior thrust bearing upper cover 242 and swivel nozzle cylinder body 25 it
Between to be fixedly connected, connect between interior thrust bearing lower cover 243 and outer thrust bearing lower cover 244 and swivel nozzle cylinder body 25 for sealing
It connects；
Swivel nozzle cylinder body 25 has limit base 251 and runner 252, and 252 inclination angle a of runner is 10 ° -15 °.
A kind of continuous sampling method for ocean gas hydrate of the present invention, the specific operation method is as follows:
1) by refrigeration equipment 1 that jet media is cooling, make jet media temperature lower than -2 DEG C, high-pressure plunger pump 3 will be cold
But the low temperature jet flow medium after is pumped into high pressure water transfer passage 212, and high pressure water reaches single action and rotates 2 bottom of Sampling driller；
2) swivel nozzle cylinder body 25 can not be detached under the action of limit base 251 with single action mechanism 24, on outer thrust bearing
Lid 241 can do rotary motion on 221 inner wall of outer tube, and interior thrust bearing upper cover 242 can turn round on 222 outer wall of inner tube
Movement, swivel nozzle cylinder body 25 can do rotary motion around outer thrust bearing lower cover 244 and interior thrust bearing lower cover 243 respectively；
3) for high pressure low temperature water jet by runner 252,252 inclination angle a of runner is 10 ° -15 °, and being formed has certain injection
There is the high-pressure water jet of angle certain angle high pressure low temperature water jet to apply one along swivel nozzle to swivel nozzle cylinder body 25
The circumferential power of cylinder body 25, rotates swivel nozzle cylinder body 25, while driving interior thrust bearing upper cover 242 and outer thrust bearing upper cover
241 rotate together.Rotating jet revolution cutting hydrate formation is formed, high pressure water will enter transfer passage from the ejection of bottom spray orifice 26
Hydrate rock core cutting, be formed simultaneously low pressure and bottom hydrate particle be pumped in reacting cycle central passage 223, double-walled bore
22 bottom of bar is provided with hard alloy blocks 8 to prevent from building the pressure after drilling tool touches bottom hole, while also functioning to the finishing borehole wall
Effect.
4) equipment of making nitrogen 1 prepares nitrogen and stores, and is connected with compressed air unit 4 by pipeline, and compressed air unit 4 will
Nitrogen is pumped into high pressure gas transfer passage 211, reaches mixing wastewater with air room 23, makes to form gas-liquid in reacting cycle central passage 223
Gu three-phase mixed flow body forms gas lift reverse circulation, (under -2 DEG C of isothermy, works as pressure using " the self-shield effect " of hydrate
Power is that 1.0MPa decomposition of hydrate is one month), the decomposition rate of hydrate is reduced, realizes " fidelity " continuous coring.Three
Phase stream is directly entered heat-insulation pressure keeping separator 6 and carries out gas-liquid separation, silt separation, and solid hydrate is directly entered heat-insulation pressure keeping
Ore body case 7, isolated nitrogen are stored in the equipment of making nitrogen 5, and isolated silt is directly discharged into sea.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of continuous sampling system for ocean gas hydrate, it is characterised in that: be by refrigeration equipment (1), single action
Rotate Sampling driller (2), high-pressure plunger pump (3), compressed air unit (4), the equipment of making nitrogen (5), heat-insulation pressure keeping separator (6)
It is formed with heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case (7), refrigeration equipment (1), single action rotate Sampling driller (2), high-pressure plunger pump (3), air pressure
Pass through piping connection between contracting equipment (4), the equipment of making nitrogen (5), heat-insulation pressure keeping separator (6) and heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case (7),
And be successively fixed on exploration ship, single action rotation Sampling driller (2) is contacted with ocean gas hydrate stratum；
It includes three wall drilling rods (21), double-wall drill pipe (22), single action mechanism (24) and swivel nozzle cylinder that single action, which rotates Sampling driller (2),
Body (25), three wall drilling rods (21) are fixed on exploration ship, and double-wall drill pipe (22) is fixedly connected on three wall drilling rod (21) lower ends,
Double-wall drill pipe (22) lower end has bottom spray orifice (26), and single action mechanism (24) is arranged in double-wall drill pipe (22) annular space, swivel nozzle
Cylinder body (25) is embedded on single action mechanism (24)；
There is high pressure gas transfer passage (211), high pressure water transfer passage (212), mixing wastewater with air room (23) on three wall drilling rods (21)
With reacting cycle central passage (223)；
Double-wall drill pipe (22) includes outer tube (221) and inner tube (222), and inner tube (222) setting is in outer tube (221), double-wall drill pipe
(22) there are reacting cycle central passage (223)；
Single action mechanism (24) includes outer thrust bearing upper cover (241), interior thrust bearing upper cover (242), interior thrust bearing lower cover
(243) and outer thrust bearing lower cover (244), outer thrust bearing upper cover (241) are sealedly connected on outer tube (221) inner wall, interior thrust
Bearing upper cover (242) is sealedly connected on inner tube (222) outer wall, and outer thrust bearing lower cover (244) is fixedly connected in outer tube (221)
Wall, interior thrust bearing lower cover (243) are fixedly connected on inner tube (222) outer wall, outer thrust bearing upper cover (241) and interior thrust bearing
To be fixedly connected between upper cover (242) and swivel nozzle cylinder body (25), interior thrust bearing lower cover (243) and outer thrust bearing lower cover
It (244) is sealed connection between swivel nozzle cylinder body (25).
2. a kind of continuous sampling system for ocean gas hydrate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Swivel nozzle cylinder body (25) are stated with limit base (251) and runner (252), runner (252) inclination angle a is 10 ° -15 °.
3. a kind of continuous sampling method for ocean gas hydrate, the specific operation method is as follows:
1) by refrigeration equipment (1) that jet media is cooling, make jet media temperature lower than -2 DEG C, high-pressure plunger pump (3) will be cold
But the low temperature jet flow medium after is pumped into high pressure water transfer passage (212), and high pressure water reaches single action and rotates Sampling driller (2) bottom
Portion；
2) swivel nozzle cylinder body (25) can not be detached under the action of limit base (251) with single action mechanism (24), outer thrust bearing
Upper cover (241) can do rotary motion on outer tube (221) inner wall, interior thrust bearing upper cover (242) can inner tube (222) outside
Rotary motion is done on wall, swivel nozzle cylinder body (25) respectively can be around outer thrust bearing lower cover (244) and interior thrust bearing lower cover
(243) rotary motion is done；
3) for high pressure low temperature water jet by runner (252), runner (252) inclination angle a is 10 ° -15 °, and being formed has certain injection
There is the high-pressure water jet of angle certain angle high pressure low temperature water jet to apply one along rotation spray to swivel nozzle cylinder body (25)
The power of mouth cylinder body (25) circumferential direction rotates swivel nozzle cylinder body (25), while driving interior thrust bearing upper cover (242) and outer thrust
Bearing upper cover (241) rotates together, forms rotating jet revolution cutting hydrate formation, high pressure water is sprayed from bottom spray orifice (26) will
Hydrate rock core into transfer passage is cut off, and is formed simultaneously low pressure for bottom hydrate particle and is pumped to reacting cycle central passage
(223) in, double-wall drill pipe (22) bottom is provided with hard alloy blocks (8) to prevent from building the pressure after drilling tool touches bottom hole,
The effect of the finishing borehole wall is also functioned to simultaneously；
4) equipment of making nitrogen (1) prepares nitrogen and stores, and is connected with compressed air unit (4) by pipeline, compressed air unit (4)
Nitrogen is pumped into high pressure gas transfer passage (211), is reached mixing wastewater with air room (23), is made in reacting cycle central passage (223)
Gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluid-mixing is formed, gas lift reverse circulation is formed, utilizes " self-shield effect " (- 2 DEG C isothermy of hydrate
Under, when pressure is that 1.0MPa decomposition of hydrate is one month), the decomposition rate of hydrate is reduced, realizes that " fidelity " is continuous
Coring, three-phase flow be directly entered heat-insulation pressure keeping separator (6) carry out gas-liquid separation, silt separation, solid hydrate directly into
Enter heat-insulation pressure keeping ore body case (7), isolated nitrogen is stored in the equipment of making nitrogen (5), and isolated silt is directly discharged into sea.
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| CN107631899B true CN107631899B (en) | 2019-08-23 |
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| CN110017138A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-16 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Air water multilayer sampling method and device in a kind of drilling |
| CN113073976B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2024-01-23 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for in-situ multi-point sampling of deep sea natural gas hydrate |
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