CN107624303B

CN107624303B - Combined soil separating device for rotary ditcher

Info

Publication number: CN107624303B
Application number: CN201710785502.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖庆喜; 刘立超; 舒彩霞; 廖宜涛; 张青松; 魏国粱; 刘晓鹏
Original assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Huazhong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2017-09-04
Filing date: 2017-09-04
Publication date: 2023-03-28
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-04
Also published as: CN107624303A

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined soil separating device for a rotary ditcher, which comprises a central gear box, a reversing gear box connected with the central gear box through a chain transmission device, a front rotary cutter head connected to the front shaft of the reversing gear box and a rear rotary cutter head connected to the rear shaft of the reversing gear box, wherein the front rotary cutter head is connected with the front shaft of the reversing gear box; the soil separating device is characterized by further comprising a rack arranged behind the central gear box and connected with the central gear box shell, a front soil separating plate arranged on the side face of the central gear box shell and located above the front rotary cutter head, and a rear soil separating plate and a secondary soil separating mechanism arranged in a cavity between the central gear box and the rack, wherein the rear soil separating plate is located above the rear rotary cutter head. The device can carry out effective restraint and secondary branch soil to the soil that throws out in the rotatory blade disc operation process around the rotation ditching machine to the soil that makes and throws out can evenly distributed in the both sides of the rotatory blade disc of rotation ditching machine, forms the seeding railway carriage or compartment face, provides good seedbed environment for no-tillage seeding and the lightweight seeding of rape crop.

Description

Combined soil separating device for rotary ditcher

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a combined soil separating device for a rotary ditcher.

Background

No-tillage seeding is an important means for realizing protective cultivation. A small amount of rape no-tillage seeding operation machines are gradually put into use in rice-oil seeding regions in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China, and the covering of rape seeding soil and the drainage of furrows are realized in a mode of actively rotating the furrows and uniformly covering soil in the furrows on the ground surface, so that the method is an effective mode for simplifying the seeding operation of rape at present. The Chinese invention patent application (application number 201710160352.7 and applicant 2017.3.17) discloses a bilateral soil-throwing type no-tillage furrow-making device, which realizes one-time operation of ditching and earthing, but because the thrown soil is not restricted, when a ditching cutter head rotates at a high speed, the thrown soil can fly out of five meters, and part of the soil falls back into the formed furrow, so that the soil coverage of the sowing compartment surface is not uniform, and more soil falls in the furrow, and drainage is influenced. Therefore, in order to meet the agricultural requirements of rape seeding, a reasonable soil separating device needs to be designed for the rape no-tillage seeding machine adopting the rotary furrow forming and soil covering mode, so that the soil covering of the rape seeding compartment surface is uniform, and a good seedbed is provided for the growth of rape.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a combined soil distributing device for a rotary ditcher, which restrains or throws the soil thrown out by a rotary cutter head during operation for the second time, realizes the uniform distribution of the soil on a sowing compartment surface and further improves the compartment surface quality of rape sowing.

In order to achieve the purpose, the combined soil separating device for the rotary ditcher comprises a central gear box, a reversing gear box connected with the central gear box through a chain transmission device, a front rotary cutter head connected to a front shaft of the reversing gear box and a rear rotary cutter head connected to a rear shaft of the reversing gear box, wherein the front shaft of the reversing gear box and the rear shaft of the reversing gear box are arranged in a vertically staggered manner; the soil separating device comprises a central gear box, a front rotary cutter head, a rack, a rear rotary cutter head, a secondary soil separating mechanism, a rear soil separating plate, a front soil separating plate, a rear soil separating plate and a secondary soil separating mechanism, wherein the rack is arranged behind the central gear box and connected with the shell of the central gear box;

the rear soil distributing plate comprises a horizontal support plate, a left rear soil distributing plate hinged to one side of the horizontal support plate through a locking nut and a right rear soil distributing plate hinged to the other side of the horizontal support plate through a locking nut, the horizontal support plate is fixedly connected with a disc frame through a connecting beam, the disc frame is vertically installed on a quadrilateral adjusting frame, and the quadrilateral adjusting frame is fixedly connected to the rear part of the chain transmission device;

the soil mechanism is divided including installing DC motor on the frame crossbeam, installing regulation fence, one end on the frame is erected the roof beam and is installed the secondary on the regulation fence through the bearing frame and divide the soil axle and install the secondary on the secondary divides the soil epaxial secondary and divide soil rotor, and the welding a plurality of blades on the secondary divides soil rotor, just DC motor with the secondary divides the soil axle to pass through chain drive connection.

Furthermore, the quadrilateral adjusting frame comprises an upper angle steel and a lower angle steel which are horizontally and fixedly connected to the rear part of the chain transmission device, and two support angle steels which are vertically connected between the upper angle steel and the lower angle steel through bolts, and the upper angle steel, the lower angle steel and the two support angle steels are all provided with guide grooves; two symmetrical arc grooves are formed in the disc rack in the circumferential direction, and the two arc grooves are installed in a matched mode with the two guide grooves of the support angle steel through bolts respectively.

Furthermore, divide native board including circular arc board and planum board behind the right side, the planum board is followed circular arc board lateral wall slot inserts in the circular arc board.

Furthermore, the inner side edge of the plane plate is provided with a lug with a bolt hole, a sliding groove is formed in the position, corresponding to the bolt hole, on the inner wall of the circular arc plate, and a bolt is inserted into the bolt hole until the bolt is locked in the sliding groove.

Furthermore, the front soil splitting plate comprises an inclined front soil splitting plate which inclines downwards, a rear inclined baffle plate connected to one side of the inclined front soil splitting plate and a front inclined baffle plate connected to the other side of the inclined front soil splitting plate, and the inclined front soil splitting plate is obliquely downwards hinged to the side face of the shell of the central gear box; the rear inclined baffle is inclined backwards, and the front inclined baffle is inclined forwards.

Furthermore, a plurality of blades on the secondary soil separation knife roll are uniformly distributed in a single-end spiral mode, the blades are trapezoidal blades, and the welding surface of each trapezoidal blade is tangent to the cylindrical surface of the secondary soil separation knife roll.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the invention, through the combination mode of arranging the front soil separating plate, the rear soil separating plate and the secondary soil separating mechanism, the controllability of soil thrown out by the front rotary cutter head and the rear rotary cutter head of the rotary ditcher can be respectively restricted, and uniform soil coverage conditions are provided for the rape seedbed;

2. the secondary soil distributing mechanism designed by the invention can well solve the problems that the rear rotating cutter head of the ditcher has a large soil throwing angle and is difficult to uniformly fall into the ground due to deep soil penetration, and can perform secondary distribution on the soil amount thrown to the left side and the right side of the furrow by the front rotating cutter head and the rear rotating cutter head by setting a positive and negative rotating working mode, so that the aim of uniform distribution of the soil amount at the left side and the right side is fulfilled;

3. the invention designs the front and rear soil separating plates with adjustable angles and the right and rear soil separating plates with adjustable arc surfaces and plane proportions, and can obtain the best operation effect by adjusting corresponding parameters under different soil moisture contents and different operation speeds of machines and tools.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the combined soil-splitting device for a rotary ditcher of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rear earth-separating plate mounting structure shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rear right earth-separating plate shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an installation structure of the secondary soil separating mechanism in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the ditching section of the rotary ditcher.

In the figure: the soil-working machine comprises a central gear box 1, a front soil-dividing plate 2, an oblique front soil-dividing plate 21, a front oblique baffle plate 22, a rear oblique baffle plate 23, a front rotary cutter head 3, a front cutter head soil-cutting area 31, a rear rotary cutter head 4, a rear cutter head soil-cutting area 41, a secondary soil-dividing mechanism 5, a direct current motor 51, a secondary soil-dividing shaft 52, a bearing seat 53, an adjusting fence 54, a secondary soil-dividing cutter roller 55, a blade 56, a rear soil-dividing plate 6, a horizontal support plate 61, a right rear soil-dividing plate 62, an arc plate 621, a plane plate 622, a sliding groove 623, a lug 624, a bolt hole, a left rear soil-dividing plate 63, a locking nut 64, a rack 7, a cross beam 71, a vertical beam 72, a cross beam 8, a quadrilateral adjusting frame 9, an upper angle steel 91, a support angle steel 92, a lower angle steel 93, a guide groove 94, a disc frame 10, uncultivated soil 11, a chain transmission device 12, a reversing gear box 13 and an arc groove 14.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the combined soil splitting device for the rotary ditcher comprises a central gear box 1, a reversing gear box 13 connected with the central gear box 1 through a chain transmission device 12, a front rotary cutter head 3 connected with a front shaft of the reversing gear box 13, a rear rotary cutter head 4 connected with a rear shaft of the reversing gear box 13, a rack 7 arranged behind the central gear box 1 and connected with a shell of the central gear box 1, a front soil splitting plate 2 arranged on the side surface of the shell of the central gear box 1 and above the front rotary cutter head 3, and a rear soil splitting plate 6 and a secondary soil splitting mechanism 5 arranged in a cavity between the central gear box 1 and the rack 7, wherein the rear soil splitting plate 6 is positioned above the rear rotary cutter head 4; a quadrilateral adjusting frame 9 is fixedly connected to the rear part of the chain transmission device 12, a disc frame 10 is vertically arranged on the quadrilateral adjusting frame 9, a rear soil separating plate 6 is arranged on the disc frame 10, and a secondary soil separating mechanism 5 is arranged on the rack 7. The central gearbox 1 provides power through a rear output shaft of a tractor, the chain transmission device 12 provides power for the reversing gearbox 13, a front shaft of the reversing gearbox 13 penetrates through the chain transmission device 12 until the end part of the front shaft is connected with the front ditching cutter head 3, the front shaft of the reversing gearbox 13 and the rear shaft of the reversing gearbox 13 are arranged in a vertically staggered mode, the front ditching cutter head 3 and the rear ditching blades 4 are arranged in a vertically staggered mode, and the center distance between the front ditching cutter head 3 and the rear ditching blades 4 is 50-60 mm (preferably 60 mm).

As shown in fig. 2 again, the front soil-dividing plate 2 comprises an inclined front soil-dividing plate 21 inclined downward, a rear inclined baffle 23 connected to one side of the inclined front soil-dividing plate 21, and a front inclined baffle 22 connected to the other side of the inclined front soil-dividing plate 21, and the inclined front soil-dividing plate 21 is hinged to the side of the housing of the central gear box 1 in an inclined downward manner, so that the angles of the inclined front soil-dividing plate 21 and the side of the housing of the central gear box 1 are adjustable; the rear inclined baffle 23 is inclined rearward and the front inclined baffle 22 is inclined forward for constraining the soil trajectory.

As shown in fig. 3, the rear soil-dividing plate 6 includes a horizontal support plate 61, a left rear soil-dividing plate 63 hinged to one side of the horizontal support plate 61, and a right rear soil-dividing plate 62 hinged to the other side of the horizontal support plate 61, the left rear soil-dividing plate 63 and the right rear soil-dividing plate 62 are fixed at a hinged angle by a lock nut 64, a connecting beam 8 is welded to the horizontal support plate 61, and an end of the connecting beam 8 is fixedly connected to the disc rack 10. In addition, as shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the rear right soil-dividing plate 62 includes an arc plate 621 and a flat plate 622, and the flat plate 622 is inserted into the arc plate 621 along the slot on the side wall of the arc plate 621; the inboard side of plane board 622 (insert to the side in the circular arc board promptly) is equipped with the lug 624 of taking bolt hole 625, and the position that corresponds with bolt hole 625 on the circular arc board 621 inner wall is opened has the spout 623, and the bolt inserts bolt hole 625 until locking in spout 623 for the mounted position of plane board 622 can be adjusted fixedly through the bolt.

Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 3 again, the quadrilateral adjusting frame 9 comprises an upper angle steel 91 and a lower angle steel 93 which are horizontally and fixedly connected to the rear part of the chain transmission device 12, and two supporting angle steels 92 which are vertically connected between the upper angle steel 91 and the lower angle steel 93 through bolts, wherein the upper angle steel 91, the lower angle steel 93 and the two supporting angle steels 92 are all provided with guide grooves 94, and the installation positions of the two supporting angle steels 92 can move left and right in the guide grooves 94 of the upper angle steel and the lower angle steel 91; two symmetrical arc grooves 14 are formed in the disc frame 10 in the circumferential direction, one arc groove 14 in the disc frame 10 is installed in a matched mode with a guide groove 94 of one support angle steel 92 through a bolt, the other arc groove 14 in the disc frame 10 is installed in a matched mode with a guide groove 94 of the other support angle steel 92 through a bolt, the disc frame 10 can move up and down on the quadrilateral adjusting frame 9 and can be installed in a rotating mode, and therefore the rear soil separating plate 6 can be driven to move and rotate along with the disc frame 10 in any position in an adjusting area of the plane where the quadrilateral adjusting frame 9 is located.

Referring to fig. 5, the secondary soil separating mechanism 5 includes a dc motor 51 mounted on a cross beam 71 of the frame 7, an adjusting fence 54 mounted on a vertical beam 72 of the frame 7, a secondary soil separating shaft 52 having one end mounted on the adjusting fence 54 through a bearing seat 53, a secondary soil separating knife roller 55 mounted on the secondary soil separating shaft 52, and a plurality of blades 56 welded on the secondary soil separating knife roller 55, wherein the dc motor 51 is chain-driven with the secondary soil separating shaft 52, the direction of rotation of the dc motor 51 is adjustable, the rotation speed can be adjusted according to the operating rotation speed of the rear rotary cutter head 4, and the orientation and height of the secondary soil separating shaft 52 can be adjusted on the adjusting fence 54 through the bearing seat. In this embodiment, a plurality of blades on secondary soil-dividing rotor 55 are single spiral and are evenly arranged, and blade 56 is trapezoidal blade, and trapezoidal blade face of weld is tangent with secondary soil-dividing rotor 55 face of cylinder.

The working principle and the working process of the combined soil-dividing device of the invention are further explained in the following with reference to fig. 1 and 6: reference numeral 11 denotes uncultivated soil, the front rotary cutter disc 3 and the rear rotary cutter disc 4 are distributed at a certain center distance in the vertical direction, the center distance is preferably about 60mm according to the structural size, the front rotary cutter disc 3 rotates clockwise, the corresponding front cutter disc soil cutting area 31 is on the upper layer of the soil, the thrown soil flies out along the left side of the cutter disc, the rear rotary cutter disc 4 rotates counterclockwise, the corresponding rear cutter disc soil cutting area 41 is on the lower layer of the soil, and the thrown soil flies out along the right side of the cutter disc. Because the front rotating cutter head 3 and the rear rotating cutter head 4 have a certain center distance, the depth of the rear rotating cutter head 4 from the ground surface to the ground surface is larger than that of the front rotating cutter head 3, and therefore the included angle of the soil thrown out by the rear rotating cutter head 4 from the horizontal plane is larger than that of the soil thrown out by the front rotating cutter head 3. In the operation process, the front rotary cutter head 3 cuts surface soil, throws out along the left side, falls into the ground surface of the left side after being restrained and blocked by the front soil separating plate 2, and uniformly distributes the soil in the range of 900-1000 mm on the left side by adjusting the angle between the front soil separating plate 2 and the side surface of the shell of the central gear box; the rear rotating cutter disc 4 carries out secondary cutting along the ditch formed by the front rotating cutter disc 3, because the soil throwing angle is large, the soil thrown to the area above the rear rotating cutter disc 4 needs to be secondarily thrown through a plurality of spirally arranged trapezoidal blades driven by a secondary soil distributing knife roller 55 in the secondary soil distributing mechanism 5, the moving track of the soil in the area is changed, and the soil is uniformly distributed in the range of 900-1000 mm on the right side through the constraint of a right rear soil distributing plate 62. Due to the poor controllability of the right thrown soil track, the right rear soil distributing plate 62 formed by combining the circular arc plate 621 and the flat plate 622 is arranged, and the controllability of the soil track is realized through the flow guiding effect of the circular arc plate 621 on the soil, the reflecting effect of the flat plate 622 and the adjustable mode that the circular arc plate 621 and the flat plate 622 account for the area proportion of the whole right rear soil distributing plate 62, so that the purpose of uniform throwing is achieved. If the total soil thrown out by the rear rotary cutter head 4 is higher than that of the front rotary cutter head in the actual operation process, the total soil coverage of the left compartment surface and the right compartment surface is uneven, the direction of the direct current motor can be adjusted, so that the soil above the rear rotary cutter head 4 is thrown to the left side after being interfered by the secondary soil distributing mechanism 5, and then falls into the ground surface of the left side after being restrained by the left rear soil distributing plate 63, so that the uniformity of the soil thrown out of the two sides is ensured. In the operation process, the rear soil-dividing plate 6 can be driven to be synchronously adjusted by adjusting the left and right mounting positions of the two supporting angle steels 92 in the quadrilateral adjusting frame 9 and the upper and lower mounting positions and mounting angles of the disk rack 10 on the two supporting angle steels 92, so that the rear soil-dividing plate 6 can adapt to different soil conditions and the rotating speed of the rear rotating cutter head 4.

In conclusion, the combined soil separating device for the rotary ditcher is designed to effectively restrain and secondarily separate the soil thrown out in the operation process of the front and rear rotary cutter heads of the rotary ditcher by the adjustable front and rear combined soil separating device, so that the thrown soil can be uniformly distributed in the range of 900-1000 mm on two sides of the rotary cutter head of the rotary ditcher, a sowing compartment surface is formed, and a good seedbed environment is provided for no-tillage sowing and light weight sowing of rape crops. The secondary soil splitting device designed by the invention can well solve the problems that the soil throwing angle is large and the soil is difficult to uniformly fall into the ground surface due to the deep penetration of the rear rotating cutter head of the ditcher, and the front and rear soil splitting plates with adjustable angles and the rear and right soil splitting plates with adjustable arc surface and plane proportions can obtain the best operation effect by adjusting corresponding parameters under different soil moisture contents and different operation speeds of machines and tools. The application of the invention in the rotary ditcher can improve the operation effect of the rape simple no-tillage planter, and has good engineering application value and popularization prospect.

Claims

1. A combined soil dividing device for a rotary ditcher comprises a central gear box (1), a reversing gear box (13) connected with the central gear box (1) through a chain transmission device (12), a front rotary cutter head (3) connected to the front shaft of the reversing gear box (13) and a rear rotary cutter head (4) connected to the rear shaft of the reversing gear box (13), wherein the front shaft of the reversing gear box (13) and the rear shaft of the reversing gear box (13) are arranged in a vertically staggered manner; the method is characterized in that: the soil separating device is characterized by further comprising a rack (7) arranged behind the central gear box (1) and connected with the shell of the central gear box (1), a front soil separating plate (2) arranged on the side face of the shell of the central gear box (1) and positioned above the front rotary cutter head (3), a rear soil separating plate (6) and a secondary soil separating mechanism (5) arranged in a cavity between the central gear box (1) and the rack (7), wherein the rear soil separating plate (6) is positioned above the rear rotary cutter head (4);

the rear soil distributing plate (6) comprises a horizontal support plate (61), a left rear soil distributing plate (63) hinged to one side of the horizontal support plate (61) through a locking nut (64) and a right rear soil distributing plate (62) hinged to the other side of the horizontal support plate (61) through the locking nut (64), the horizontal support plate (61) is fixedly connected with a disc frame (10) through a connecting beam (8), the disc frame (10) is vertically installed on a quadrilateral adjusting frame (9), and the quadrilateral adjusting frame (9) is fixedly connected to the rear part of the chain transmission device (12);

the secondary soil separating mechanism (5) comprises a direct current motor (51) installed on a cross beam (71) of the rack (7), an adjusting fence (54) installed on a vertical beam (72) of the rack (7), a secondary soil separating shaft (52) with one end installed on the adjusting fence (54) through a bearing seat (53), a secondary soil separating knife roller (55) installed on the secondary soil separating shaft (52), and a plurality of blades (56) welded on the secondary soil separating knife roller (55), wherein the direct current motor (51) is connected with the secondary soil separating shaft (52) through chain transmission.

2. The modular soil splitting assembly for a rotary trencher as recited in claim 1, wherein: the quadrilateral adjusting frame (9) comprises an upper angle steel (91) and a lower angle steel (93) which are horizontally and fixedly connected to the rear part of the chain transmission device (12), and two support angle steels (92) which are vertically connected between the upper angle steel (91) and the lower angle steel (93) through bolts, and the upper angle steel (91), the lower angle steel (93) and the two support angle steels (92) are all provided with guide grooves (94); two symmetrical arc grooves (14) are formed in the disc rack (10) in the circumferential direction, and the two arc grooves (14) are installed in a matched mode with the guide grooves (94) of the two support angle steel (92) through bolts respectively.

3. The modular soil splitting assembly for a rotary trencher as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein: divide native board (62) including circular arc board (621) and plane board (622) behind the right side, plane board (622) are followed circular arc board (621) lateral wall slot inserts in circular arc board (621).

4. The modular soil splitting assembly for a rotary trencher as recited in claim 3, wherein: the inner side edge of the plane plate (622) is provided with a lug (624) with a bolt hole (625), a sliding groove (623) is formed in the inner wall of the circular arc plate (621) and corresponds to the bolt hole (625), and a bolt is inserted into the bolt hole (625) until being locked in the sliding groove (623).

5. The modular soil splitting assembly for a rotary trencher as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein: the front soil separating plate (2) comprises an inclined front soil separating plate (21) which inclines downwards, a rear inclined baffle (23) connected to one side of the inclined front soil separating plate (21) and a front inclined baffle (22) connected to the other side of the inclined front soil separating plate (21), and the inclined front soil separating plate (21) inclines downwards and is hinged with the side face of the shell of the central gear box (1); the rear inclined baffle (23) is inclined backwards, and the front inclined baffle (22) is inclined forwards.

6. The modular soil splitting assembly for a rotary trencher as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein: the blades (56) on the secondary soil-separating knife roll (55) are uniformly distributed in a single-end spiral mode, the blades (56) are trapezoidal blades, and the welding surfaces of the trapezoidal blades are tangent to the cylindrical surface of the secondary soil-separating knife roll (55).