CN108476619B - Throwing type earthing device - Google Patents
Throwing type earthing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108476619B CN108476619B CN201810481885.XA CN201810481885A CN108476619B CN 108476619 B CN108476619 B CN 108476619B CN 201810481885 A CN201810481885 A CN 201810481885A CN 108476619 B CN108476619 B CN 108476619B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 428
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012073 inactive phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
- A01B33/04—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft parallel to direction of travel
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a throwing type earthing device, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment. The earthing device contains soil throwing mechanism, telescopic machanism, depth limiting wheel, frame and cover blanking mouth. The soil throwing mechanism comprises two soil throwing wheels which are arranged at the two sides of the rear of the frame, and the soil throwing wheels are arranged in a staggered manner or are transversely and symmetrically arranged. The telescopic mechanism is arranged at the rear of the frame and is connected with the soil throwing mechanism to adjust the distance between the two soil throwing wheels; the depth limiting wheel is arranged on the outer side of the front part of the frame, and can adjust the soil penetration depth of the soil throwing wheel and profile the ground. The soil covering device can be used for taking soil on site and uniformly covering the soil on the inner side or the outer side of the soil throwing wheel according to the required operation breadth and thickness, and can also be used for paving soil at fixed width and fixed distance, so that the soil covering device is suitable for the condition that the ground surface is required to be covered in agricultural production, and is particularly suitable for the soil covering operation in the layered covering of the straw matrix and the soil in an orchard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a throwing type earthing device, belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to the field of orchard machinery equipment.
Background
In production, a layer of soil is often covered on the ground surface or a covering layer, and certain requirements on the width, thickness and uniformity of the covering soil are met. Especially in the process of layering and covering straw matrixes in an orchard, a layer of thin soil is required to be covered above the straw matrixes. There is a need for an apparatus that can take soil in situ and uniformly cover the soil over the material layer with a desired working width and thickness.
At present, the accuracy and uniformity of the thickness and width of the covering of the existing orchard straw matrix covering machine at home and abroad are often affected by various factors in the earthing operation process. The inventor finds that in experiments, the important reasons are uneven soil taking and poor soil conveying continuity, which easily cause insufficient uniformity or cover leakage of thin soil covering of the straw substrate layer, thereby influencing the covering quality of the soil covering layer. The mulch applicator of CN201610975733.6 requires prior rotary tillage of the earth's surface prior to operation, and the uniformity of the soil and the rate of leakage of the cover are also further improved.
In order to solve the defects, the invention discloses a throwing type soil covering device which can reduce operation steps, realize on-site soil taking and uniformly cover soil on the inner side or the outer side of a soil throwing wheel according to required operation breadth and thickness, and can also spread soil at fixed width and fixed distance, thereby being applicable to the situation that the ground surface is required to be covered in agricultural production, and being particularly applicable to soil covering operation in the layered covering of straw matrixes of an orchard.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: disclosed is a throwing type soil covering device capable of taking out soil in situ and uniformly covering the soil over the ground surface or a material layer with a desired working width and thickness.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems: how to improve the accuracy and uniformity of the thickness and width of the covering layer.
In order to solve the technical problems to be solved, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the throwing type earthing device is characterized by comprising a soil throwing mechanism 4, a telescopic mechanism 3, a depth limiting wheel 1, a frame 2 and an earthing blanking port 21; the soil throwing mechanism 4 is arranged on two sides of the rear of the frame 2, the telescopic mechanism 3 is arranged behind the frame 2 and connected with the soil throwing mechanism 4, the soil throwing mechanism 4 adjusts the distance between two soil throwing wheels 8 under the action of the telescopic mechanism 3, the depth limiting wheel 1 is arranged on the outer side of the front part of the frame 2, and the covering blanking port 21 is arranged between the front cross beam 22 and the rear cross beam 23 of the frame 2.
The soil throwing mechanism 4 comprises a soil throwing wheel 8, a soil protecting cover shell 7, a soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism 5, a soil throwing cover plate 20 and a hydraulic motor 6.
The soil throwing wheel 8 comprises a hub 10, a soil throwing wheel backboard 9, a soil throwing piece 11 and a soil cutter 12; the soil throwing wheel back plate 9 is a disc, a through center hole 24 is formed in the center of the disc, a plurality of through grooves 25 with certain lengths are formed in the soil throwing wheel back plate 9 from the outer edge to the inner edge along the radial direction, and the through grooves 25 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.
The hub 10 passes through the central hole 24 of the soil throwing wheel backboard 9 and is vertically welded on the soil throwing wheel backboard 9; a plurality of grooves 26 are uniformly machined on the surface of the hub 10 along the axial direction, and the circumferential distribution of the grooves 26 is consistent with the circumferential distribution of the through grooves 25 on the soil throwing wheel backboard 9.
The soil throwing piece 11 is formed by vertically welding a soil throwing piece blade 17 and a soil throwing piece backboard 16; the soil throwing blade 17 is inserted into the through groove 25 from the rear of the soil throwing wheel backboard 9, the soil throwing blade backboard 16 is positioned at the rear of the soil throwing wheel backboard 9, the soil throwing blade backboard 16 is attached to the soil throwing wheel backboard 9, and the soil throwing blade backboard is fastened through bolts; the inner ends of the soil throwing blade 17 are inserted into the grooves 26; a plurality of soil throwing pieces 11 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the hub 10.
The outer edge 33 of the soil throwing blade 17 forms a certain included angle with the axial lead of the soil throwing wheel 8, the included angle of the blade enables the soil throwing wheel 8 to have a certain taper in the front-back direction, and the diameter of the front end is smaller than that of the rear end; the soil throwing blade 17 adopts a plane type or a curved type soil throwing blade 18 according to the requirement of the thickness uniformity of the covering soil.
The soil cutter 12 is arranged at the soil facing end, namely the front end, of the soil throwing blade 17; the plane of the soil cutter 12 and the plumb face have an included angle of 2-5 degrees and incline forwards; the cutting edge of the soil cutter 12 is curved to reduce drag, and during operation, the soil is cut and guided between the two blades 17.
The soil protection cover shell 7 is of a circular arc plate structure and is arranged above the soil throwing wheel 8 and concentric with the soil throwing wheel 8; the soil-out side end of the soil-protecting cover shell 7 is hinged with a soil throwing baffle 13 upwards; an angle adjusting mechanism 14 is arranged at the upper part between the soil protecting cover shell 7 and the soil throwing baffle 13, and the soil throwing angle of the soil throwing wheel 8 is controlled by adjusting the angle of the soil throwing baffle 13; the circular arc plate of the soil-protecting cover shell 7 is formed by overlapping two circular arc plates 27, the two circular arc plates 27 can slide, wherein the circular arc plate 27 hinged with the soil throwing baffle 13 is arranged on the backboard 28 of the soil-protecting cover shell, and the other circular arc plate 27 can be freely adjusted in the circumferential direction; the upper part of the overlapping part of the two circular arc plates 27 is provided with a circumferential adjusting mechanism 15, the circular arc plates 27 which are free in the circumferential direction automatically slide up and down along with the change of the penetration depth of the soil throwing wheel 8 under the assistance of the circumferential adjusting mechanism 15, and the wrap angle of the soil throwing wheel 8 is adjusted; the soil homogenizing baffle 19 is a strip-shaped sheet and is arranged in the middle of the side edge of the soil facing surface of the soil throwing baffle 13, and partial soil particles fall at the position with insufficient soil covering thickness by twisting the angle of the soil throwing baffle, so that the soil covering uniformity is improved.
The soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism 5 comprises a hydraulic telescopic cylinder 32 and a parallel four-bar mechanism 29, and the lifting of the soil throwing wheel 8 is realized by changing the stroke of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 32 to control the included angle of the parallel four-bar mechanism 29; the parallel four-bar mechanism 29 is fixed at the rear side of the outer end of the telescopic mechanism 3, and the front side and the rear side of the extension section of the lower part of the outer connecting rod 31 are respectively provided with a soil throwing wheel 8 and a hydraulic motor 6; the soil throwing blade 17 and the soil cutter 12 of the soil throwing wheel 8 face forwards, and the soil throwing wheel backboard 9 is behind; the soil throwing wheel 8 rotates under the action of the hydraulic motor 6, and the soil throwing wheel 8 is directly connected with the hydraulic motor 6 or indirectly connected with the hydraulic motor 6; the lower connecting rod 30 and the soil-protecting cover 7 are connected into a whole through bolts.
The soil throwing cover plate 20 is a parabolic plate and an arch structure spans between the two soil throwing wheels 8; the width of the soil throwing cover plate 20 is slightly larger than that of the soil throwing baffle 13, two ends of the soil throwing cover plate 20 are connected with the upper edge of the soil throwing baffle 13, a plurality of soil homogenizing baffle plates 19 are arranged on the bottom surface of the soil throwing cover plate 20, and partial soil particles fall at the position with insufficient soil covering thickness by twisting the angle of the soil homogenizing baffle plates, so that the soil covering uniformity is improved.
The soil throwing mechanisms 4 are installed in pairs, but single-side installation is not excluded; the soil throwing mechanism 4 is arranged in a staggered way, but the transverse symmetrical arrangement of the two soil throwing wheels 8 is not excluded; the two soil throwing wheels 8 of the soil throwing mechanism 4 throw soil inwards for covering, but do not exclude that the installation direction is changed or the rotation direction is changed for covering by throwing soil outwards; namely, the soil throwing mechanism 4 can be arranged in a single-side, front-back staggered and transverse symmetrical mode, and a single-side operation mode, a two-wheel pair throwing mode and a two-wheel outer throwing mode are selected according to the uniformity and accuracy requirements of the covering thickness; the soil throwing mechanisms 4 on two sides are respectively provided with a set of telescopic mechanisms 3.
The soil covering device controls the distance between the soil throwing wheels 8 by adjusting the travel of the telescopic mechanism 3 during covering operation, controls the depth of penetration of the soil throwing wheels 8 and the thickness of the soil covering by adjusting the heights of the soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism 5 and the depth limiting wheel 1, and controls the position of the soil covering and the thickness and uniformity of the soil covering by adjusting the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor 6; in the inactive phase, the telescopic mechanism 3 is retracted to the initial position, allowing the earthing device to have a smaller width.
The frame 2 is positioned in front of the soil covering device, and a front cross beam 22 of the frame 2 is connected with the covering machine or the tractor in a hanging manner; the covering blanking port 21 is used for covering materials carried by the covering machine to fall down and spread materials, and the soil throwing mechanism 4 synchronously completes covering pressing of the covering materials; the earthing device can also be independently hung with a tractor to only finish earthing operation.
The soil throwing mechanism 4 realizes tangential soil throwing from the bottom of the soil throwing wheel 8 or tangential soil throwing from the top of the soil throwing wheel 8 by changing the rotation direction of the soil throwing wheel 8 after changing the cutting edge direction of the soil cutting knife 12 and adjusting the circumferential position of the soil protecting cover 7.
The telescopic mechanism 3 is fixed at the rear of the frame 2 and is formed by sleeving an upper rectangular steel bar and a lower rectangular steel bar, the telescopic mechanism is parallel to and horizontally aligned with a rear cross beam 23 of the frame 2, and a hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the middle position to control the width of the telescopic mechanism.
The depth-limiting wheel 1 is welded on the outer side of the front part of the frame 2, so that the earthing device has the ground profiling capability in the operation process, and the height of the depth-limiting wheel 1 is adjustable.
The earthing device can realize the on-site soil taking and evenly cover the soil on the inner side or the outer side of the soil throwing wheel according to the required operation breadth and thickness, and can also pave the soil at fixed width and fixed distance, thereby being applicable to the situation that the earth surface is required to be covered in the production, and being particularly applicable to earthing operation in the layered covering of the straw matrix of an orchard.
The throwing type earthing device has the following working principle
The invention relates to a throwing type earthing device which can take soil on site and evenly cover soil above the ground surface or a material layer with required operation breadth and thickness, and the concrete process and the working principle are expressed as follows:
before the throwing type earthing device carries out earthing operation, the earthing device is connected with the covering machine or the tractor in a hanging mode, the earthing device is lifted to achieve a reasonable ground clearance, the telescopic mechanism is retracted to an initial position, the earthing device is enabled to have a smaller width, and operation tools can conveniently run or turn around in a road. When the earthing operation is carried out, the earthing device falls to the earth surface, the telescopic mechanism is adjusted according to the required covering breadth to enable the two soil throwing wheels to reach corresponding widths, meanwhile, the external hydraulic system drives the hydraulic motor to rotate, the hydraulic motor directly or indirectly transmits power to the soil throwing wheels to enable the soil throwing wheels to rotate, the earthing position, the earthing thickness and the evenness are controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor, and the height of the depth limiting wheels and the soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism are adjusted according to the requirement of the covering thickness of the operation to control the earth penetration depth and the earthing thickness of the soil throwing wheels. Along with the advancing of the working machine, the materials borne by the covering machine fall down to be paved through the covering blanking opening, and meanwhile, the soil is accurately and uniformly thrown and covered to a covering area by the soil throwing wheel, so that the on-site soil taking is realized, and the soil is uniformly covered above the material layer with the required working breadth and thickness. When the earthing operation is finished, the soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism is firstly adjusted to enable the soil throwing wheel to be separated from the ground, meanwhile, the hydraulic motor is stopped to rotate, the telescopic mechanism is retracted to the initial position, and finally, the earthing device is lifted to a proper height.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: the throwing type earthing device disclosed by the invention can be used for taking soil on site and uniformly covering the soil above the ground surface or a material layer with the required operation width and thickness, so that the accuracy and uniformity of the width and thickness of the earthing layer are improved, the width and thickness of the earthing layer are adjustable, the adaptability of the earthing device is improved, the structure is simple, the stability is high, and the earthing device is suitable for the situation that the ground surface is required to be covered in production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall construction view of a throwing type earthing device;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the general structure of a cast-on soil covering device;
FIG. 3 is a view showing a construction of a soil throwing mechanism of the soil throwing type covering apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a construction of a soil throwing wheel of the soil throwing type covering device;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a slinger backing plate and hub of a slinger cover;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a soil guard housing of the cast-on soil covering device;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a lifting mechanism for a throwing wheel of a throwing type earthing device;
FIG. 8 is a view showing a construction of a soil throwing cover plate of the throwing type soil covering apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a view showing a construction of a soil throwing sheet and a cutter of the throwing type soil covering apparatus;
FIG. 10 is a view showing a construction of a curved surface type soil throwing sheet of the throwing type soil covering device;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of uniform coverage of a cast-on soil covering device;
fig. 12 is a diagram of simulation coverage results of discrete elements of a soil throwing mechanism of the throwing type soil covering device.
Reference numerals:
1. depth wheel 2, frame 3, telescoping mechanism 4, soil throwing mechanism 5, soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism 6, hydraulic motor 7, soil protecting cover 8, soil throwing wheel 9, soil throwing wheel back plate 10, hub 11, soil throwing piece 12, soil cutter 13, soil throwing baffle 14, angle adjusting mechanism 15, circumferential adjusting mechanism 16, soil throwing piece back plate 17, soil throwing piece blades 18, curved soil throwing piece blades 19, soil homogenizing baffle 20, soil throwing cover plate 21, covering blanking port 22, front beam 23, rear beam 24, central hole 25, groove 26, circular arc plate 28, soil protecting cover back plate 29, parallel four bar mechanism 30, lower link 31, outer link 32, hydraulic telescoping cylinder 33, outer edge.
Detailed Description
In this embodiment, a mechanized earthing operation is performed on top of the overburden material.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a throwing type earthing device comprises an earthing mechanism 4, a telescopic mechanism 3, a depth wheel 1, a frame 2 and an earthing blanking port 21; the soil throwing mechanism 4 is arranged on two sides of the rear of the frame 2, the telescopic mechanism 3 is arranged behind the frame 2 and connected with the soil throwing mechanism 4, the soil throwing mechanism 4 adjusts the distance between two soil throwing wheels 8 under the action of the telescopic mechanism 3, the depth limiting wheel 1 is arranged on the outer side of the front part of the frame 2, and the covering blanking port 21 is arranged between the front cross beam 22 and the rear cross beam 23 of the frame 2.
As shown in fig. 3 and 8, the soil throwing mechanism 4 comprises a soil throwing wheel 8, a soil protecting cover 7, a soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism 5, a soil throwing cover plate 20 and a hydraulic motor 6.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the soil throwing wheel 8 comprises a hub 10, a soil throwing wheel backboard 9, a soil throwing piece 11 and a soil cutter 12; the soil throwing wheel back plate 9 is a disc, a through center hole 24 is formed in the center of the disc, a plurality of through grooves 25 with certain lengths are formed in the soil throwing wheel back plate 9 from the outer edge to the inner edge along the radial direction, and the through grooves 25 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.
As shown in fig. 5, the hub 10 passes through the central hole 24 of the back plate 9 and is welded vertically to the back plate 9; a plurality of grooves 26 are uniformly machined on the surface of the hub 10 along the axial direction, and the circumferential distribution of the grooves 26 is consistent with the circumferential distribution of the through grooves 25 on the soil throwing wheel backboard 9.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 9, the soil throwing piece 11 is formed by vertically welding a soil throwing piece blade 17 and a soil throwing piece backboard 16; the soil throwing blade 17 is inserted into the through groove 25 from the rear of the soil throwing wheel backboard 9, the soil throwing blade backboard 16 is positioned at the rear of the soil throwing wheel backboard 9, the soil throwing blade backboard 16 is attached to the soil throwing wheel backboard 9, and the soil throwing blade backboard is fastened through bolts; the inner ends of the soil throwing blade 17 are inserted into the grooves 26; a plurality of soil throwing pieces 11 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the hub 10.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the outer edge 33 of the blade 17 of the soil throwing piece forms a certain included angle with the axial line of the soil throwing wheel 8, the included angle of the blade enables the soil throwing wheel 8 to have a certain taper in the front-back direction, and the diameter of the front end is smaller than that of the rear end; the soil throwing blade 17 adopts a plane type or a curved type soil throwing blade 18 according to the requirement of the thickness uniformity of the covering soil.
As shown in fig. 4 and 9, the soil cutter 12 is mounted on the earth facing end, i.e., the front end, of the soil throwing blade 17; the plane of the soil cutter 12 and the plumb face have an included angle of 2-5 degrees and incline forwards; the cutting edge of the soil cutter 12 is curved to reduce drag, and during operation, the soil is cut and guided between the two blades 17.
As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the soil protecting cover 7 is a circular arc plate structure and is arranged above the soil throwing wheel 8 and concentric with the soil throwing wheel 8; the soil-out side end of the soil-protecting cover shell 7 is hinged with a soil throwing baffle 13 upwards; an angle adjusting mechanism 14 is arranged at the upper part between the soil protecting cover shell 7 and the soil throwing baffle 13, and the soil throwing angle of the soil throwing wheel 8 is controlled by adjusting the angle of the soil throwing baffle 13; the circular arc plate of the soil-protecting cover shell 7 is formed by overlapping two circular arc plates 27, the two circular arc plates 27 can slide, wherein the circular arc plate 27 hinged with the soil throwing baffle 13 is arranged on the backboard 28 of the soil-protecting cover shell, and the other circular arc plate 27 can be freely adjusted in the circumferential direction; the upper part of the overlapping part of the two circular arc plates 27 is provided with a circumferential adjusting mechanism 15, the circular arc plates 27 which are free in the circumferential direction automatically slide up and down along with the change of the penetration depth of the soil throwing wheel 8 under the assistance of the circumferential adjusting mechanism 15, and the wrap angle of the soil throwing wheel 8 is adjusted; the soil homogenizing baffle 19 is a strip-shaped sheet and is arranged in the middle of the side edge of the soil facing surface of the soil throwing baffle 13, and partial soil particles fall at the position with insufficient soil covering thickness by twisting the angle of the soil throwing baffle, so that the soil covering uniformity is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 7, the lifting mechanism 5 for the soil throwing wheel comprises a hydraulic telescopic cylinder 32 and a parallel four-bar mechanism 29, and the lifting of the soil throwing wheel 8 is realized by changing the stroke of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 32 to control the included angle of the parallel four-bar mechanism 29; the parallel four-bar mechanism 29 is fixed at the rear side of the outer end of the telescopic mechanism 3, and the front side and the rear side of the extension section of the lower part of the outer connecting rod 31 are respectively provided with a soil throwing wheel 8 and a hydraulic motor 6; the soil throwing blade 17 and the soil cutter 12 of the soil throwing wheel 8 face forwards, and the soil throwing wheel backboard 9 is behind; the soil throwing wheel 8 rotates under the action of the hydraulic motor 6, the soil throwing wheel 8 is directly connected with the hydraulic motor 6 or indirectly connected with the hydraulic motor 6, and the embodiment adopts a direct-connection transmission mode; the lower connecting rod 30 and the soil-protecting cover 7 are connected into a whole through bolts.
As shown in fig. 8, the soil throwing cover plate 20 is a parabolic plate and an arch structure spans between the two soil throwing wheels 8; the width of the soil throwing cover plate 20 is slightly larger than that of the soil throwing baffle 13, two ends of the soil throwing cover plate 20 are connected with the upper edge of the soil throwing baffle 13, a plurality of soil homogenizing baffle plates 19 are arranged on the bottom surface of the soil throwing cover plate 20, and partial soil particles fall at the position with insufficient soil covering thickness by twisting the angle of the soil homogenizing baffle plates, so that the soil covering uniformity is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, 11 and 12, the soil throwing mechanisms 4 are installed in pairs, but single-sided installation is not excluded; the soil throwing mechanism 4 is arranged in a staggered manner in front of and behind the soil throwing mechanism, but the transverse symmetrical arrangement of the two soil throwing wheels 8 is not excluded, and the embodiment adopts the staggered manner in front of and behind the soil throwing mechanism; the two soil throwing wheels 8 of the soil throwing mechanism 4 throw soil inwards to cover, but the soil throwing is not limited to changing the installation direction or changing the rotation direction to cover outwards, and the embodiment adopts the soil throwing inwards to cover; namely, the soil throwing mechanism 4 can be arranged in a staggered and transverse symmetrical way on one side, and a single-side operation mode, a two-wheel pair throwing mode and a two-wheel outer throwing mode are selected according to the uniformity and accuracy requirements of the covering thickness, and the two-wheel pair throwing operation mode is adopted in the embodiment; the soil throwing mechanisms 4 on two sides are respectively provided with a set of telescopic mechanisms 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the distance between the soil throwing wheels 8 is controlled by adjusting the travel of the telescopic mechanism 3, the depth of penetration of the soil throwing wheels 8 and the thickness of the soil are controlled by adjusting the heights of the soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism 5 and the depth limiting wheel 1, and the position of the soil to be covered, the thickness and uniformity of the soil to be covered are controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor 6; in the inactive phase, the telescopic mechanism 3 is retracted to the initial position, allowing the earthing device to have a smaller width.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the frame 2 is positioned in front of the soil covering device, and the front beam 22 of the frame 2 is hung with a covering machine or a tractor; the covering blanking port 21 is used for covering materials carried by the covering machine to fall down and spread materials, and the soil throwing mechanism 4 synchronously completes covering pressing of the covering materials; the earthing device can also be independently hung with a tractor to only finish earthing operation.
As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, after the cutting edge direction of the soil cutter 12 is changed and the circumferential position of the soil protecting cover 7 is adjusted, the soil throwing mechanism 4 changes the rotation direction of the soil throwing wheel 8 to realize the tangential soil throwing from the bottom of the soil throwing wheel 8 or the tangential soil throwing from the top of the soil throwing wheel 8, and the embodiment adopts the tangential soil throwing from the bottom.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the telescopic mechanism 3 is fixed at the rear of the frame 2, and is formed by sleeving an upper rectangular steel bar and a lower rectangular steel bar, and is parallel to and horizontally aligned with the rear cross beam 23 of the frame 2, and a hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the middle position to control the width of the telescopic mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the depth-limiting wheel 1 is welded on the outer side of the front part of the frame 2, so that the earthing device has the capability of profiling the ground in the working process, and the height of the depth-limiting wheel 1 is adjustable.
The throwing type earthing device is characterized by being capable of achieving on-site soil taking and uniformly covering soil on the inner side or the outer side of a throwing wheel according to required operation breadth and thickness, and also being capable of paving soil at fixed width and fixed distance, and is suitable for the situation that the ground surface is required to be covered in production, and particularly suitable for earthing operation in orchard straw matrix layered covering.
Further explaining the working principle of the throwing type earthing device:
the invention relates to a throwing type earthing device which can take soil on site and evenly cover soil above the ground surface or a material layer with required operation breadth and thickness, and the concrete process and the working principle are expressed as follows:
before the throwing type earthing device carries out earthing operation, the earthing device is connected with the covering machine or the tractor in a hanging mode, the earthing device is lifted to achieve a reasonable ground clearance, the telescopic mechanism is retracted to an initial position, the earthing device is enabled to have a smaller width, and operation tools can conveniently run or turn around in a road. When the earthing operation is carried out, the earthing device falls to the earth surface, the telescopic mechanism is adjusted according to the required covering breadth to enable the two throwing wheels to reach corresponding widths, meanwhile, the external hydraulic system drives the hydraulic motor to rotate, the hydraulic motor directly transmits power to the throwing wheels to enable the throwing wheels to rotate, the earthing position, the earthing thickness and the evenness are controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor, and the height of the depth limiting wheel and the lifting mechanism of the throwing wheels are adjusted according to the requirement of the covering thickness of the operation to control the earth penetration depth and the earthing thickness of the throwing wheels. Along with the advancing of the working machine, the materials borne by the covering machine fall down to be paved through the covering blanking opening, and meanwhile, the soil is accurately and uniformly thrown and covered to a covering area by the soil throwing wheel, so that the on-site soil taking is realized, and the soil is uniformly covered above the material layer with the required working breadth and thickness. When the earthing operation is finished, the soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism is firstly adjusted to enable the soil throwing wheel to be separated from the ground, meanwhile, the hydraulic motor is stopped to rotate, the telescopic mechanism is retracted to the initial position, and finally, the earthing device is lifted to a proper height.
The following 3 points need to be specified:
1. the throwing type earthing device adopts the technical scheme that the earthing wheel is adopted to throw the covered soil, is different from the prior art, solves the problems of uneven soil taking and poor soil conveying continuity, greatly discounts the covering quality of an earthing layer, improves the accuracy and uniformity of the width and the thickness of the earthing layer, can take the soil on site and uniformly cover the soil above the ground surface or a material layer with the required operation breadth and thickness.
2. According to the technical scheme that the throwing type earthing device adopts the telescopic soil throwing mechanism, the adaptability of the earthing device is improved.
3. The description and drawings of the invention, for the sake of clarity, give some details of the solution, which are not limiting to the invention as claimed. Any such modifications or variations in detail may be resorted to without departing from the scope of this invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The throwing type earthing device is characterized by comprising a soil throwing mechanism (4), a telescopic mechanism (3), a depth limiting wheel (1), a frame (2) and an earthing blanking port (21); the soil throwing mechanism (4) is arranged at two sides of the rear of the frame (2), the telescopic mechanism (3) is positioned at the rear of the frame (2) and connected with the soil throwing mechanism (4), the soil throwing mechanism (4) adjusts the distance between two soil throwing wheels (8) under the action of the telescopic mechanism (3), the depth limiting wheel (1) is positioned at the outer side of the front part of the frame (2), and the covering blanking port (21) is arranged between the front cross beam (22) and the rear cross beam (23) of the frame (2);
the soil throwing mechanism (4) comprises a soil throwing wheel (8), a soil protecting cover shell (7), a soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism (5), a soil throwing cover plate (20) and a hydraulic motor (6);
the soil throwing wheel (8) comprises a hub (10), a soil throwing wheel backboard (9), a soil throwing piece (11) and a soil cutter (12); the soil throwing wheel backboard (9) is a disc, a through center hole (24) is formed in the center of the disc, a plurality of through grooves (25) with a certain length are formed in the soil throwing wheel backboard (9) from the outer edge to the inner edge along the radial direction, and the through grooves (25) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction;
the hub (10) passes through a central hole (24) of the soil throwing wheel backboard (9) and is vertically welded on the soil throwing wheel backboard (9); a plurality of grooves (26) are uniformly machined on the surface of the hub (10) along the axial direction, and the circumferential distribution of the grooves (26) is consistent with the circumferential distribution of the through grooves (25) on the soil throwing wheel backboard (9);
the soil throwing piece (11) is formed by vertically welding a soil throwing piece blade (17) and a soil throwing piece backboard (16); the soil throwing blade (17) is inserted into the through groove (25) from the rear of the soil throwing wheel backboard (9), the soil throwing blade backboard (16) is positioned at the rear of the soil throwing wheel backboard (9), the soil throwing blade backboard (16) is attached to the soil throwing wheel backboard (9), and the soil throwing blade backboard is fastened through bolts; the inner ends of the soil throwing blade (17) are inserted into the grooves (26); a plurality of soil throwing pieces (11) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the hub (10);
the outer edge (33) of the soil throwing blade (17) forms a certain included angle with the axial lead of the soil throwing wheel (8), the included angle of the blade enables the soil throwing wheel (8) to have a certain taper in the front-back direction, and the diameter of the front end is smaller than that of the rear end; the soil throwing blade (17) adopts a plane or curved surface soil throwing blade (18) according to the requirement of the thickness uniformity of the covering soil;
the soil cutter (12) is arranged at the earth facing end, namely the front end, of the soil throwing blade (17); the plane of the soil cutter (12) and the plumb face have an included angle of 2-5 degrees and incline forwards; the cutting edge of the soil cutter (12) is arc-shaped, so that the resistance is reduced, and the soil is cut and guided between two soil throwing blade (17) in the working process;
the soil protection cover shell (7) is of a circular arc plate structure and is arranged above the soil throwing wheel (8) and concentric with the soil throwing wheel (8); the end part of the soil-protecting cover shell (7) on the soil outlet side is obliquely hinged with a soil throwing baffle (13) upwards; an angle adjusting mechanism (14) is arranged at the upper part between the soil protecting cover shell (7) and the soil throwing baffle (13), and the angle of the soil throwing baffle (13) is adjusted to control the soil throwing angle of the soil throwing wheel (8); the circular arc plates of the soil protection cover shell (7) are formed by overlapping two circular arc plates (27), the two circular arc plates (27) can slide, wherein the circular arc plates (27) hinged with the soil throwing baffle (13) are arranged on a back plate (28) of the soil protection cover shell, and the other circular arc plates (27) can be freely adjusted in the circumferential direction; the upper part of the overlapping part of the two circular arc plates (27) is provided with a circumferential adjusting mechanism (15), the circular arc plates (27) which are free in the circumferential direction automatically slide up and down along with the change of the penetration depth of the soil throwing wheel (8) under the assistance of the circumferential adjusting mechanism (15), and the wrap angle of the soil throwing wheel (8) is adjusted; the soil homogenizing baffle (19) is a strip-shaped sheet and is arranged in the middle of the side edge of the soil facing surface of the soil throwing baffle (13), and partial soil particles fall at the position with insufficient soil covering thickness by twisting the angle, so that the soil covering uniformity is improved;
the soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism (5) comprises a hydraulic telescopic cylinder (32) and a parallel four-bar mechanism (29), and the lifting of the soil throwing wheel (8) is realized by changing the stroke of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder (32) to control the included angle of the parallel four-bar mechanism (29); the parallel four-bar mechanism (29) is fixed at the rear side of the outer end of the telescopic mechanism (3), and the front side and the rear side of the extension section of the lower part of the outer connecting rod (31) are respectively provided with a soil throwing wheel (8) and a hydraulic motor (6); the soil throwing blade (17) of the soil throwing wheel (8) and the soil cutting knife (12) face forwards, and the soil throwing wheel backboard (9) is behind; the soil throwing wheel (8) rotates under the action of the hydraulic motor (6), and the soil throwing wheel (8) is directly connected with the hydraulic motor (6) or indirectly connected with the hydraulic motor through an indirect connection; the lower connecting rod (30) and the soil-protecting cover shell (7) are connected into a whole through bolts;
the soil throwing cover plate (20) is a parabolic plate and an arch structure spans between the two soil throwing wheels (8); the width of the soil throwing cover plate (20) is slightly larger than that of the soil throwing baffle plate (13), two ends of the soil throwing cover plate (20) are connected with the upper edge of the soil throwing baffle plate (13), a plurality of soil homogenizing baffle plates (19) are arranged on the bottom surface of the soil throwing cover plate (20), and partial soil particles fall at the position with insufficient soil covering thickness by twisting the angle of the soil homogenizing baffle plates, so that the soil covering uniformity is improved;
the soil throwing mechanisms (4) are installed in pairs, but single-side installation is not excluded; the soil throwing mechanism (4) is arranged in a staggered way, but the transverse symmetrical arrangement of the two soil throwing wheels (8) is not excluded; the two soil throwing wheels (8) of the soil throwing mechanism (4) throw soil inwards for covering, but do not exclude the change of the installation direction or the change of the rotation direction from throwing soil outwards for covering; the soil throwing mechanism (4) can be arranged in a staggered and transverse symmetrical way on one side, and a mode of single-side operation, two-wheel pair throwing and two-wheel outer throwing is selected according to the uniformity and accuracy requirements of the covering thickness; the soil throwing mechanisms (4) at two sides are respectively provided with a set of telescopic mechanism (3);
the soil covering device controls the distance between the soil throwing wheels (8) by adjusting the travel of the telescopic mechanism (3) during covering operation, controls the depth of penetration of the soil throwing wheels (8) and the thickness of the soil covering by adjusting the heights of the soil throwing wheel lifting mechanism (5) and the depth limiting wheels (1), and controls the position of the soil covering and the thickness and uniformity of the soil covering by adjusting the rotating speed of the hydraulic motor (6); in the non-working stage, the telescopic mechanism (3) is retracted to an initial position, so that the earthing device has smaller width;
the frame (2) is positioned in front of the earthing device, and a front cross beam (22) of the frame (2) is connected with the covering machine or the tractor in a hanging way; the covering blanking port (21) is used for covering falling and spreading materials carried by the covering machine, and the soil throwing mechanism (4) synchronously completes covering pressing of the covering layer materials; the earthing device can also be independently hung with a tractor to only finish earthing operation.
2. A throwing type earthing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the throwing mechanism (4) changes the direction of the cutting edge of the soil cutter (12) and adjusts the circumferential position of the soil protecting cover (7), and then the throwing of soil from the bottom of the throwing wheel (8) or the throwing of soil from the top of the throwing wheel (8) is realized by changing the rotation direction of the throwing wheel (8).
3. A throwing type soil covering device according to claim 1, wherein the telescopic mechanism (3) is fixed at the rear of the frame (2) and is formed by sleeving an upper rectangular steel bar and a lower rectangular steel bar, the telescopic mechanism is parallel to and horizontally aligned with a rear cross beam (23) of the frame (2), and a hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the middle position to control the width of the telescopic mechanism.
4. The throwing type earthing device according to claim 1, wherein the depth wheel (1) is welded on the outer side of the front part of the frame (2), so that the earthing device has the ground profiling capability in the operation process, and the height of the depth wheel (1) is adjustable.
5. The throwing type earthing device according to claim 1, wherein the earthing device can realize on-site soil taking and uniformly cover the soil on the inner side or the outer side of the throwing wheel with required operation width and thickness, and can also spread the soil at fixed width and fixed distance, and is suitable for the situation that the earth surface needs to be covered in production.
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| CN111264092B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2024-12-13 | 湖北格林威机械有限公司 | Rotary cultivator |
| CN110521301A (en) * | 2019-10-06 | 2019-12-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | A throwing wheel device |
| CN111527956B (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2022-08-23 | 民乐县高原雪芪中药材农民专业合作社 | Earthing and laminating all-in-one machine for astragalus and codonopsis pilosula |
| CN112470580A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Transverse soil throwing type sugarcane cross-row ridging and fertilizing management machine |
| CN112930776A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-11 | 西北农林科技大学 | Telescopic earthing device with dial material compression roller |
| CN112956290A (en) * | 2021-04-17 | 2021-06-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Bilateral telescopic variable-width soil covering device |
| CN114271049B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2025-12-23 | 河北农业大学 | Grape vine burying machine |
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