CN107620118B - Special-shaped cathode for electrolytic stripping and recycling rare noble metals - Google Patents
Special-shaped cathode for electrolytic stripping and recycling rare noble metals Download PDFInfo
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- CN107620118B CN107620118B CN201711104886.4A CN201711104886A CN107620118B CN 107620118 B CN107620118 B CN 107620118B CN 201711104886 A CN201711104886 A CN 201711104886A CN 107620118 B CN107620118 B CN 107620118B
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010066054 Dysmorphism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012070 reactive reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special-shaped cathode for recovering rare noble metals by electrolytic stripping, which comprises a conductive cross beam, cathode lugs arranged on the conductive cross beam and a cathode plate fixed on the conductive cross beam, wherein the shape of the cathode plate is the same as that of a stripping piece in the electrolytic stripping process, and conductive graphite protective layers are coated on the outer surfaces of the conductive cross beam and the cathode plate. The special-shaped cathode can prevent inconsistent dissolution degree of rare/inert metal on the surface of the anode caused by uneven current distribution in the deplating process, and can also avoid corrosion of the cathode plate or the conductive cross beam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cathode for recovering rare noble metals through electrolytic stripping, in particular to a special-shaped cathode for recovering rare noble metals through electrolytic stripping.
Background
Currently, a great deal of noble/inert metals exist in industry in electroplating process parts such as gold and silver ornaments, case and bag zippers and the like, and electronic products such as printed circuit boards, components and the like.
Along with the improvement of the living standard of people, the requirements of people on necessities and decorations in life are higher, the requirements of high-end bags, high-grade clothes and the like on main materials are higher, and the requirements on accessories such as zippers, catches and the like are also higher, so that the application proportion of rare/inert metals in the accessories is also higher, and consequently, the leftover materials and the rejected defective products generated in the production process of the rare/inert metal accessories are also increased, and the recovery of the rare/inert metals from the rare/inert metals becomes the focus of related enterprises with economic advantages.
The rapid development of the electronic industry causes the electronic waste such as printed circuit boards, components and the like to grow at a rate of 18% per year, and the electronic waste becomes the fastest growing waste in the world. Electronic waste is used as a city high-quality rare/inert metal mine, and the extraction of rare/inert metals from the electronic waste is the direction of related workers for a long time at present and in the future.
The existing technology for recovering rare/inert metal from rare/inert metal plating parts includes chemical dissolution method and electrolytic stripping method. At present, a chemical dissolution mode is mainly adopted, firstly, an oxidant and a complexing agent are used for dissolving rare/inert metal, the rare/inert metal is extracted into a solution, and then the rare/inert metal simple substance is obtained through the steps of reduction or adsorption and the like. Because the rare noble/inert metal is not easy to participate in the reaction, the dissolution needs more severe reaction conditions and more reactive reagents, so that the base metal coating on the bottom layer is also dissolved in the dissolution process, the base metal ions in the solution need to be removed before the rare noble/inert metal is reduced/adsorbed, the process flow is complicated, and the ions polluting the environment are inevitably introduced in the reaction process, thereby increasing the treatment difficulty of the subsequent waste liquid. The electrolytic stripping process is an electrochemical process, and the plating metal loses electrons at the anode and enters solution or is deposited on the bottom of the tank and the cathode plate under the action of a complexing agent or a precipitator or an electric field. The advantages are that: 1. the deplating speed is high, and the production efficiency is high; 2. the tank is low in cost, economical and applicable; 3. the deplating liquid has long service time and less environmental pollution.
At present, the corresponding recovery equipment is different due to the different mechanisms of the wet metallurgy for recovering rare/inert metals, and the corresponding recovery equipment comprises chemical dissolution equipment, electrochemical deplating equipment and the like. The cathode plate for electrochemically recycling rare/inert metal is mostly in a flat plate shape, and the current distribution is uneven in the stripping process due to the different shapes of the stripping parts, so that the dissolubility of the rare/inert metal on the surface of the anode is inconsistent; furthermore, metal cathodes often deposit noble/inert metals, which cause blackening of the surface, poor electrical conductivity, and affect the current flow; common negative plates or conductive cross beams are hung on two sides of the electrolytic tank, and most of the common negative plates or conductive cross beams are made of stainless steel or metallic titanium, and although the common negative plates or conductive cross beams are relatively stable in chemical property, corrosion of metals still occurs under the condition of strong acid for a long time, so that the service life of the negative plates is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the special-shaped cathode for recovering rare noble metals by electrolytic stripping, which has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, can prevent inconsistent dissolution degree of rare/inert metals on the surface of an anode caused by uneven current distribution in the stripping process, and can also avoid corrosion of a cathode plate or a conductive beam.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a special-shaped cathode for electrolysis deplating retrieves rare noble metal, includes conductive crossbeam, the negative pole ear that sets up on the conductive crossbeam and fixes the negative plate on the conductive crossbeam, the negative plate shape is the same with the deplating piece in the electrolysis deplating technology, conductive crossbeam and negative plate surface coating have conductive graphite protective layer.
The cathode plate and the conductive cross beam are made of resin and graphite in a mixing mode.
Further, clamping grooves which are matched with the edge thickness of the notch of the deplating groove are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two ends of the conductive cross beam and are used for disassembling and fixing the conductive cross beam and the deplating groove.
Furthermore, the invention also comprises a noble metal particle cleaner which is used for cleaning noble metal particles deposited on the cathode plate after deplating, avoiding the deposition of rare noble/inert metals, and keeping the conductivity of the cathode plate and the current circulation. Specifically, noble metal granule clearance ware includes fixed establishment, Y axle motion, Z axle motion and cleaning brush, Z axle motion is connected with the cleaning brush, drives the reciprocating motion of cleaning brush in Z axle direction, realizes that the cleaning brush is close to or keeps away from the negative plate, Y axle motion install on fixed establishment and with Z axle motion, drive Z axle motion and cleaning brush in the ascending reciprocating motion of vertical direction, realize the cleaning brush to the clearance of depositing noble metal granule on the negative plate, fixed establishment detachably installs on the conductive cross beam of deplating groove or dysmorphism negative pole.
The cleaning brush is wholly L-shaped and comprises two L-shaped brush head connecting rods, the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods are oppositely arranged, vertical sections of the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods are respectively connected with a Z-axis movement mechanism, a plurality of brush teeth are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the transverse sections of the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods along the length direction of the transverse sections to form brush heads, a gap is reserved between the end parts of the brush teeth on the two brush heads, and when a cathode plate of a special-shaped cathode is positioned between the two brush heads, the brush teeth cannot touch the cathode plate.
As one embodiment of the invention, the fixing mechanism comprises a fixing rod and a fixing hole matched with the fixing rod, wherein the fixing hole is arranged on the conductive cross beam of the deplating groove or the special-shaped cathode, and the fixing rod is connected with the fixing hole in a matching way.
The brush is made of corrosion-resistant materials such as pvc, pp and the like.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the cathode plate is a straight plate, and the middle part of the cathode plate is provided with a groove.
As another embodiment of the present invention, the cathode plate is a folded plate.
Another object of the invention is a method for recovering rare and noble metals by electrolytic stripping.
In the method, a special-shaped cathode is used in the electrolytic stripping process, the special-shaped cathode comprises a conductive cross beam, a cathode lug arranged on the conductive cross beam and a cathode plate fixed on the conductive cross beam, the shape of the cathode plate is the same as that of a stripping piece in the electrolytic stripping process, and conductive graphite protective layers are coated on the outer surfaces of the conductive cross beam and the cathode plate.
The cathode plate and the conductive cross beam are made of resin and graphite in a mixing mode.
Further, clamping grooves which are matched with the edge thickness of the notch of the deplating groove are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two ends of the conductive cross beam and are used for disassembling and fixing the conductive cross beam and the deplating groove.
Further, the special-shaped cathode further comprises a noble metal particle cleaner for cleaning noble metal particles deposited after deplating on the cathode plate, so that the deposition of rare noble/inert metals is avoided, and the conductivity of the cathode plate and the current circulation are maintained. Specifically, noble metal granule clearance ware includes fixed establishment, Y axle motion, Z axle motion and cleaning brush, Z axle motion is connected with the cleaning brush, drives the reciprocating motion of cleaning brush in Z axle direction, realizes that the cleaning brush is close to or keeps away from the negative plate, Y axle motion install on fixed establishment and with Z axle motion, drive Z axle motion and cleaning brush in the ascending reciprocating motion of vertical direction, realize the cleaning brush to the clearance of depositing noble metal granule on the negative plate, fixed establishment detachably installs on the conductive cross beam of deplating groove or dysmorphism negative pole.
The cleaning brush is wholly L-shaped and comprises two L-shaped brush head connecting rods, the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods are oppositely arranged, vertical sections of the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods are respectively connected with a Z-axis movement mechanism, a plurality of brush teeth are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the transverse sections of the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods along the length direction of the transverse sections to form brush heads, a gap is reserved between the end parts of the brush teeth on the two brush heads, and when a cathode plate of a special-shaped cathode is positioned between the two brush heads, the brush teeth cannot touch the cathode plate.
As one embodiment of the invention, the fixing mechanism comprises a fixing rod and a fixing hole matched with the fixing rod, wherein the fixing hole is arranged on the conductive cross beam of the deplating groove or the special-shaped cathode, and the fixing rod is connected with the fixing hole in a matching way.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The shape of the cathode plate is the same as the shape of the stripping part in the stripping process, so that poor stripping uniformity of the anode (i.e. the stripping part) plate surface caused by uneven internal current distribution due to the difference of anode geometric structures in the stripping process is prevented, the reaction effect can be greatly improved, and the reaction efficiency can be improved.
2. The special-shaped cathode provided by the invention is provided with the noble metal particle cleaner, which can clean the noble metal particles deposited on the cathode plate after deplating, and timely recover the noble metal so as to prevent the noble metal particles from adhering to the cathode plate, improve the recovery rate of the noble metal particles, and can not influence the process condition of the precious metal deplating again.
3. The conductive cross beam of the special-shaped cathode and the surface of the cathode plate are coated with the conductive graphite protective layer, so that corrosion is prevented, and the service life of the cathode is prolonged.
4. The special-shaped cathode provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, common and cheap preparation raw materials, convenient operation, no pollution and suitability for large-scale production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a special-shaped cathode structure for recovering rare noble metals by electrolytic stripping in the first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a special-shaped cathode structure for recovering rare noble metals by electrolytic stripping in the first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a noble metal particle cleaner according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of a profiled cathode for electrolytic stripping recovery of rare precious metals according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a special-shaped cathode structure for recovering rare noble metals by electrolytic stripping in the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The profiled cathode for electrolytic stripping recovery of rare precious metals shown in fig. 1 is an embodiment of the present invention, and includes a conductive beam 1, a cathode tab 2 provided on the conductive beam 1, and a cathode plate 3 fixed on the conductive beam 1. The cathode plate 3 is shaped like a stripping member in an electrolytic stripping process, in this embodiment a straight plate, with a recess 31 in its middle. The bottoms of the two ends of the conductive cross beam 1 are respectively provided with a clamping groove 12 which is matched with the wall thickness of the deplating groove 5 and is used for disassembling and fixing the deplating groove 5. One end of the conductive beam 1 extends along the length direction to form an extension part 14, and the extension part 14 is provided with a positioning hole 13. The outer surfaces of the conductive cross beam 1 and the cathode plate 3 are coated with conductive graphite protective layers. The cathode plate 3 and the conductive cross beam 1 are both made of resin and graphite.
The noble metal particle cleaner 4 comprises a fixing mechanism, a Y-axis moving mechanism, a Z-axis moving mechanism 44 and a cleaning brush, wherein the Z-axis moving mechanism 44 is connected with the cleaning brush to drive the cleaning brush to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction so as to realize that the cleaning brush is close to or far away from the cathode plate 3, the Y-axis moving mechanism is arranged on the fixing mechanism and connected with the Z-axis moving mechanism 44 to drive the Z-axis moving mechanism 44 and the cleaning brush to reciprocate in the vertical direction so as to realize that the cleaning brush cleans deposited noble metal particles on the cathode plate 3, and the fixing mechanism is detachably arranged on the plating-stripping groove 5 or the conductive cross beam 1 of the special-shaped cathode. The cleaning brush is L-shaped as a whole and comprises two L-shaped brush head connecting rods made of pvc, the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods are oppositely arranged, vertical sections 43 of the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods are respectively connected with a Z-axis movement mechanism 44, and a plurality of pvc brush teeth 41 are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the transverse sections 42 along the length direction of the transverse sections to respectively form brush heads. The ends of the brush teeth 41 on the two brush heads are provided with a space, and when the cathode plate 3 of the special-shaped cathode is positioned between the two brush heads, the brush teeth 41 cannot touch the cathode plate 3. The fixing mechanism comprises a fixing rod 45 and a fixing hole 13 matched with the fixing rod. The Y-axis movement mechanism is arranged on the fixing rod 45, the fixing hole 13 is arranged on the conductive cross beam 1 of the special-shaped cathode, and the fixing rod 45 is inserted into the fixing hole 13 so as to be fixed on the conductive cross beam 1.
Example two
The first difference from the embodiment is: the cathode plate 3 is a folded plate which is formed by horizontally folding a straight plate from the middle and then vertically folding downwards.
Example III
The method is characterized in that a deplating workpiece is taken as an anode, the cathode adopts the special-shaped cathode in the first or second embodiment, the appearance of the deplating workpiece is the same as that of the special-shaped cathode in the first embodiment, and under the action of direct current, a metal coating on the anode is gradually dissolved from a substrate and enters a solution in an ion form. In the deplating process, the noble metal particle cleaner 4 is started at fixed time to clean the metal particles on the surface of the cathode plate 3 of the special-shaped cathode.
The present invention may be summarized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The above embodiments of the present invention should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and thus any minor modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications to the above examples, which are made in accordance with the essential techniques of the present invention, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The special-shaped cathode for recovering rare precious metals through electrolytic stripping comprises a conductive cross beam, a cathode lug arranged on the conductive cross beam and a cathode plate fixed on the conductive cross beam, and is characterized in that the shape of the cathode plate is the same as that of a stripping piece in the electrolytic stripping process, and conductive graphite protective layers are coated on the outer surfaces of the conductive cross beam and the cathode plate;
The device also comprises a noble metal particle cleaner for cleaning noble metal particles deposited on the cathode plate after deplating; the noble metal particle cleaner comprises a fixing mechanism, a Y-axis moving mechanism, a Z-axis moving mechanism and a cleaning brush, wherein the Z-axis moving mechanism is connected with the cleaning brush and drives the cleaning brush to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction so as to realize that the cleaning brush is close to or far away from the cathode plate, the Y-axis moving mechanism is arranged on the fixing mechanism and connected with the Z-axis moving mechanism and drives the Z-axis moving mechanism and the cleaning brush to reciprocate in the vertical direction so as to realize that the cleaning brush cleans deposited noble metal particles on the cathode plate, and the fixing mechanism is detachably arranged on a plating-stripping groove or a conductive cross beam of a special-shaped cathode; the cleaning brush is integrally L-shaped and comprises two L-shaped brush head connecting rods, the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods are oppositely arranged, vertical sections of the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods are respectively connected with a Z-axis movement mechanism, a plurality of brush teeth are respectively arranged on the opposite side of the transverse section of the two L-shaped brush head connecting rods along the length direction of the transverse section to form brush heads, a space is reserved between the end parts of the brush teeth on the two brush heads, and when a cathode plate of a special-shaped cathode is positioned between the two brush heads, the brush teeth cannot touch the cathode plate; the fixing mechanism comprises a fixing rod and a fixing hole matched with the fixing rod, the fixing hole is arranged on the conductive cross beam of the deplating groove or the special-shaped cathode, and the fixing rod is connected with the fixing hole in a matched mode so as to fix the noble metal particle cleaner.
2. The profiled cathode for electrolytic stripping recovery of rare and noble metals as recited in claim 1, wherein said cathode plate and said conductive beam are made of a mixture of resin and graphite.
3. The profiled cathode for electrolytic stripping recovery of rare and noble metals as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottoms of both ends of the conductive cross beam are respectively provided with a clamping groove adapted to the thickness of the edge of the slot of the stripping groove for the disassembly and fixation with the stripping groove.
4. The profiled cathode for electrolytic stripping recovery of rare and noble metals as recited in claim 1, wherein said cleaning brush is made of a corrosion resistant material.
5. The profiled cathode for electrolytic stripping recovery of rare and precious metals according to claim 1, wherein the cathode plate is a straight plate with a groove in the middle or a folded plate.
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CN201711104886.4A CN107620118B (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2017-11-10 | Special-shaped cathode for electrolytic stripping and recycling rare noble metals |
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CN201711104886.4A CN107620118B (en) | 2017-11-10 | 2017-11-10 | Special-shaped cathode for electrolytic stripping and recycling rare noble metals |
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CN107620118A CN107620118A (en) | 2018-01-23 |
CN107620118B true CN107620118B (en) | 2024-05-28 |
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CN111560643A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-21 | 王艳军 | Metal sheet plating device convenient to rare metal of negative pole is retrieved |
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