A kind of pyrolysis oven and method for pyrolysis
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal conversion technology field, and in particular to a kind of pyrolysis oven and its method for pyrolysis.
Background technology
Pyrolysis of coal is the important channel that Coal Clean efficiently utilizes, and a large amount of high-temperature semi-cokes (700~900 are produced after pyrolysis
DEG C), quality is about the 50%~70% of feed coal quality.Need to cool after semicoke discharge pyrolysis oven, it is follow-up defeated to meet
Send requirement.In the prior art frequently with the type of cooling of indirect heat exchange, changed using spiral cooler or by being set in reactor
Heat pipe cools down to realize.
When being cooled down using spiral cooler, hot semicoke enters from one end of cooler and is advanced into the another of cooler by screw rod
One end.Cooler axle and housing are passed through recirculated cooling water, and semicoke carries out heat exchange with cooler surface in cooler, and semicoke is cold
But.When the above-mentioned type of cooling is run at high temperature, easily leaked at cooler each several part connecting portion sealing, gas-solid particle
It can be entered by screw shaft in air, while easily there was a mechanical failure and can not realize continuous and steady operation for cooler.It is another
Aspect, part helix cooler can not reclaim the heat in semicoke, cause energy dissipation.
Another type of cooling is to set heat exchanger tube in the reactor, and thermal material moves downwards through cloth by self gravitation
The heat exchanger tube in semicoke tank is put, leads to cooling water in heat exchanger tube, cools down semicoke, steam is produced after water heat absorption.Although the method
The heat in semicoke can be reclaimed, but because semicoke is low with cooling water indirect heat exchange efficiency, it usually needs very big heat exchange area,
So that heat exchanger volume is huge.So so that whole technology investment increases, system run all right reduces.
The content of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of pyrolysis oven and method for pyrolysis, pyrolysis of coal is produced semicoke by the pyrolysis oven first, and together
The cooling section of Shi Liyong pyrolysis oven hypomeres realizes the cooling of semicoke, and cooling effectiveness is high, and technological process is simple.
Present invention firstly provides a kind of pyrolysis oven, the pyrolysis oven includes the pyrolysis section on top and the cooling section of bottom,
Heater is provided with the pyrolysis section, the pyrolysis section has raw coal entrance, pyrolysis gas outlet, the outlet of hot semicoke, institute
Stating cooling section has hot semicoke entrance, the outlet of cooling semicoke, hot semicoke entrance and the pyrolysis section of the cooling section
Hot semicoke outlet connection.
The cooling section is axially inside provided with water inlet pipe, one end closing of the water inlet pipe, the other end and outside
Cooling water pump connects.Columned shower, the bottom of the shower and the water inlet pipe are provided with the water inlet pipe
Inner chamber connection, the surface of the shower is provided with through hole, also, the angle between the shower and the water inlet pipe is
15~90 °.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, along the axially arranged multiple brace rods of the water inlet pipe, the brace rod
One end is fixed on the cooling section inwall, and the other end is support ring, and the support ring is enclosed on the water inlet pipe.
Further, the horizontal range between the support ring and the water inlet pipe outer wall is 1~3mm.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the area of the through hole set on the surface of the shower accounts for the spray
The 0.5~1.5% of pipe surface product.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height H of the pyrolysis section1With the height H of the cooling section2Ratio
For H1/H2=(1:1)~(5:1).
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height H of the cooling section2With the internal diameter D of cooling section ratio
For H2/ D=(2:1)~(6:1).
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water inlet pipe along the cooling section it is axially arranged have it is one or more groups of.
The shower along the water inlet pipe it is axially arranged have it is one or more groups of.
Present invention also offers a kind of method being pyrolyzed using above-mentioned pyrolysis oven, including step:
Raw coal is sent into the pyrolysis oven, starts the heater, the raw coal initially enters pyrolysis section and carries out heat
Solution reaction, obtains pyrolysis gas and hot semicoke;
The hot semicoke, which falls, to be entered in the cooling section, start the cooling water pump be passed through into the water inlet pipe it is cold
But water, the cooling water is atomized via the through hole on the shower to be sprayed, and is directly contacted with the hot semicoke, by described in
Hot semicoke cooling, obtains cooling down semicoke.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, control the speed that the cooling water sprays from through hole atomization for 5~
10m/s。
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature for controlling the pyrolysis section is 850~900 DEG C.Control described cold
But the temperature of section is 100~120 DEG C, also, the temperature of the cooling section reduces successively from top to bottom.
In the pyrolysis oven of the present invention, pyrolysis pars infrasegmentalis is provided with cooling section, the pyrolysis of material and cooling are concentrated on one
In individual device, single cooling device is saved, technological process is simple, and plant running is stable.Also, it is provided with cooling section
Multigroup shower, cooled down after cooling water atomization is sprayed with the direct counter current contacting of material so that the cooling of material is quick, equal
It is even, substantially increase cooling effectiveness.Steam caused by cooling procedure, which ascends into, occurs gasification reaction in pyrolysis section, improve heat
Vent one's spleen yield, also, hydrogen caused by gasifying has hydrogenation to tar, improves the quality of tar.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of pyrolysis oven in one embodiment of this invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of pyrolysis oven in another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the profile of Section A-A in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Reference in accompanying drawing is as follows:
1- pyrolysis sections;
2- cooling sections, 201- brace rods, 202- showers, 203- water inlet pipes, 204- discharging machines;
3- cooling water pumps.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the embodiment of the present invention is described in more details, so as to energy
The advantages of enough more fully understanding the solution of the present invention and its various aspects.However, specific embodiments described below and reality
Example is applied to be for illustrative purposes only, rather than limitation of the present invention.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, pyrolysis oven provided by the invention includes the pyrolysis section 1 on top and the cooling section 2 of bottom.
Heater is provided with pyrolysis section 1.Pyrolysis section 1 has raw coal entrance, pyrolysis gas outlet, the outlet of hot semicoke.
As one of preferred embodiment, raw coal entrance is arranged on the top of pyrolysis section 1, and pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on pyrolysis section
The middle and upper part of 1 side wall, hot semicoke outlet are arranged on the bottom of pyrolysis section 1., can be with order to export pyrolysis gas product in time
One or more pyrolysis gas outlets are set, when multiple pyrolysis gas outlets are set, equidistant or non-equidistant form can be taken.
Cooling section 2 has pyrolysis char entrance, the outlet of cooling semicoke.Cooling semicoke exit is provided with discharging machine 204.
Preferably, hot semicoke entrance is arranged on the top of cooling section 2, and the outlet of cooling semicoke is arranged on the bottom of cooling section 2.Wherein,
The hot semicoke outlet of the hot semicoke entrance of cooling section 2 and pyrolysis section 1 connects.
Cooling section 2 is axially inside provided with water inlet pipe 203.Wherein, one end closing of water inlet pipe 203, the other end with it is outer
The cooling water pump 3 in portion connects.Preferably, interlocking is set between the temperature measuring point and cooling water pump of cooling section 2, realizes the essence to temperature
Quasi- control.Water inlet pipe 203 enters from the bottom of cooling section 2, extend near the junction of pyrolysis section 1 and cooling section 2.Water inlet pipe
203 is settable one group, sees Fig. 1;Or water inlet pipe 203 can be set multigroup, multigroup water inlet pipe 203 is axially distributed along cooling section 2,
See Fig. 2, chilling temperature can more accurately be controlled by setting during multigroup water inlet pipe 203.
Columned shower 202 is provided with water inlet pipe 203, as shown in Figure 3.The bottom of shower 202 and water inlet
The inner chamber connection of pipe 203, the surface of shower 202 is provided with through hole, can make the cooling water uniform-mist being passed through by water inlet pipe 203
Change.The direction of through hole along cooling section 2 axially upwards.The area of the through hole set on the surface of shower 202 accounts for the table of shower 202
The 0.5~1.5% of area.The injection flow rate of different height shower 202 can be controlled by the number and aperture that set through hole.
Cooling water by cooling water pump 3 by cooling section 2 different height be sent into water inlet pipe 203 in, then, cooling water via
The atomization of shower 202 sprays.In the pyrolysis oven of the present invention, by way of atomizing spray is set in cooling section 2, it can reduce
The water of each through hole spray so that spray is more uniform, when effectively prevent water concentration the defects of reduction condensation effect, together
When, the contact area of hot semicoke and shower water is also add, accelerates material mass-and heat-transfer, improves heat exchange efficiency.
Angle β between shower 202 and water inlet pipe 203 is 15~90 °.Preferably, β is 60 ° so that cooling effect is more
Add uniformly.
Further, in order to prevent shower 202 from being rocked on water inlet pipe 203, set at the different height of water inlet pipe 203
It is equipped with brace rod 201.Wherein, one end of brace rod 201 is fixed on the inwall of cooling section 2, and the other end is provided with support ring (figure
Not shown in), support ring is enclosed on water inlet pipe 203.Horizontal range between support ring and the outer wall of water inlet pipe 203 is 1~3mm,
Ensure that water inlet pipe 203 being capable of free wxpansion.
According to the difference of the height of cooling section 2, shower 202 is provided with one or more groups of, and every group of shower 202 includes one
Or multiple showers.Multigroup shower 202 is axially arranged along water inlet pipe 203.According to the difference of process conditions, every group of shower
Can equidistant or non-equidistantly distributed between 202.Multiple showers 202 in every group are along 203 radially uniform setting of water inlet pipe.
The design of the structure of shower 202 in the present invention, the characteristic of hot semicoke is combined, the angle integrally cooled down from optimization
Carry out the design of details so that heat exchange efficiency is higher, and cooling is more uniform.
In the present invention, the preferred heat accumulating type down-flow fluidized bed using ECT of pyrolysis oven, using heat accumulation type radiant tube as heating source in pyrolysis section 1,
Cooling section 2 is by the way of moving bed blanking, when pyrolysis section 2, which is pyrolyzed, to be dropped down onto under the hot semicoke of raw coal formation in cooling section 2,
The heat exchange rate of hot semicoke and the atomizing spray of shower 202 can be accelerated so that hot semicoke is quickly cooled down.Also,
All showers 202 set in cooling section 2 are all located in bed.
In order to realize that the height of material and heat couples, the height H of pyrolysis section 1 in pyrolysis oven of the invention1With it is cold
But the height H of section 22Ratio be H1/H2=(1:1)~(5:1).According to the difference of process conditions, the height H of cooling section 22With
The internal diameter D of cooling section 2 ratio is H2/ D=(2:1)~(6:1).Also, for the ease of hot the half of the reaction generation of pyrolysis section 1
Dropped down onto under Jiao in cooling section 2, the angle α of changeover portion is 20~60 ° between pyrolysis section 1 and cooling section 2.
Based on the system shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the invention also provides a kind of method:
Raw coal is sent into pyrolysis oven, starts heater, raw coal initially enters pyrolysis section 1 and carries out pyrolytic reaction, obtains
Pyrolysis gas and hot semicoke.As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature for controlling pyrolysis section is 850~900 DEG C.
Wherein, hot semicoke, which falls, enters in cooling section 2, starts cooling water pump 3 and is passed through cooling water into water inlet pipe 203.
Cooling water via on shower 202 through hole be atomized spray, and with the direct counter current contacting of hot semicoke, hot semicoke is cooled down,
Obtain cooling down semicoke.Cooling semicoke is discharged via the discharging machine 204 of the bottom of cooling section 2.Preferably, the temperature for controlling cooling section is
100~120 DEG C.The speed for controlling cooling water to be sprayed from through hole atomization is 5~10m/s.In the cooling procedure of hot semicoke
In, remain that cooling section 2 is in full material position, the material position of cooling section 2 is controlled by adjusting the discharging frequency of discharging machine 204.
Steam caused by hot semicoke cooling procedure is run up into pyrolysis section 1, and gas occurs with raw coal in pyrolysis section 1
Change reaction, synthesis gas caused by reaction is together discharged with pyrolysis gas from pyrolysis gas outlet, improves the yield of pyrolysis gas.Also,
Hydrogen caused by gasification is advantageous to the lighting of product tar, improves tar quality.Meanwhile steam when moving upwards half-and-half
Coke bed layer serves the effect of loosening, effectively eliminates semicoke " bridge formation effect ", is advantageous to the discharge of semicoke.
Specifically, cooling water enters in cooling section 2 after being atomized via the shower 202 of the different height of water inlet pipe 203, according to
The difference of different height temperature in cooling section 2, is passed through cooling water into each region respectively, to realize each region uniform decrease in temperature.It is cold
But the temperature of the different zones of section 2 is controlled by the injection flow rate of shower 202, passes through the temperature measuring point of cooling section 2 and cooling water pump 3
Between the interlocking that sets, can realize and 2 each regional temperature of cooling section is precisely controlled.Also, in cooling section 2 from top to bottom
Temperature reduces successively, and therefore, set the area accounting of through hole on the surface of shower 202 gradually reduces from top to bottom.Also, cold
But in the whole cooling procedure of section 2, the temperature of semicoke is controlled to be higher than the dew-point temperature of water vapour.
Above-mentioned cooling procedure can realize quick, the uniform cooling of hot semicoke, avoid the occurrence of localized hyperthermia or condensation
Phenomenon, so that it is guaranteed that the operation of system continuous-stable.
Embodiment 1
Pyrolysis section uses heat accumulating type down-flow fluidized bed using ECT in pyrolysis oven, and cooling section carries out blanking using moving bed.The height of pyrolysis section
H1With the height H of cooling section2Ratio be H1/H2=3:1.Changeover portion angle α between pyrolysis section and cooling section is 45 °.Cooling
The height H of section2Ratio with internal diameter D is H2/ D=4:1.Angle β between shower and water inlet pipe is 60 °.Spray in pipe surface
The area of the through hole of setting accounts for the 0.8% of shower surface area.The speed that cooling water sprays from through hole atomization is 6m/s.Inlet segment
In be provided with 3 groups of water inlet pipes, along water inlet pipe axially be distributed.In pyrolysis section, pyrolysis gas outlet accounts for apart from the distance of pyrolysis section furnace roof
The 1/3 of pyrolysis section height.Raw coal is sent into pyrolysis section, is pyrolyzed first at 850 DEG C, caused hot semicoke enters cold
But section, cooled down at 100 DEG C, finally give cooling semicoke and discharge pyrolysis oven via discharging machine.
Embodiment 2
Pyrolysis section uses heat accumulating type down-flow fluidized bed using ECT in pyrolysis oven, and cooling section carries out blanking using moving bed.The height of pyrolysis section
H1With the height H of cooling section2Ratio be H1/H2=5:1.Changeover portion angle α between pyrolysis section and cooling section is 25 °.Cooling
The height H of section2Ratio with internal diameter D is H2/ D=2:1.Angle β between shower and water inlet pipe is 60 °.Spray in pipe surface
The area of the through hole of setting accounts for the 1.5% of shower surface area.The speed that cooling water sprays from through hole atomization is 8m/s.Inlet segment
In be provided with 2 groups of water inlet pipes, along water inlet pipe axially be distributed.In pyrolysis section, pyrolysis gas outlet accounts for apart from the distance of pyrolysis section furnace roof
The 1/2 of pyrolysis section height.Raw coal is sent into pyrolysis section, is pyrolyzed first at 900 DEG C, caused hot semicoke enters cold
But section, cooled down at 120 DEG C, finally give cooling semicoke and discharge pyrolysis oven via discharging machine.
Finally it should be noted that:Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and simultaneously
The non-restriction to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also do on the basis of the above description
Go out other various forms of changes or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus drawn
Among the obvious changes or variations that Shen goes out is still in protection scope of the present invention.