CN203454755U - Anti-coking heating furnace - Google Patents
Anti-coking heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN203454755U CN203454755U CN201320393517.2U CN201320393517U CN203454755U CN 203454755 U CN203454755 U CN 203454755U CN 201320393517 U CN201320393517 U CN 201320393517U CN 203454755 U CN203454755 U CN 203454755U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an anti-coking heating furnace. The anti-coking heating furnace comprises a group of radiant chamber furnace tubes, a group of convection chamber furnace tubes and a group of shield tubes; the group of radiant chamber furnace tubes are disposed in a radiant chamber, the group of shield tubes are disposed at the entrance of a conviction chamber, and the group of convection chamber furnace tubes are disposed above the group of shield tubes; tube diameters of the group of radiant chamber furnace tubes are reduced step by step from top to bottom along the height direction of the radiant chamber; or/and the tube diameters of the group of shield tubes are reduced step by step from top to bottom along the height direction of the conviction chamber, and maximum value of the tube diameters of the group of shield tubes is smaller than or equal to the tube diameter of the conviction chamber furnace tubes. By using the anti-coking heating furnace provided by the utility model, the flowing speed of oil products is effectively controlled, the flow state in the tubes is improved, the thermal intensity distribution uniformity of the radiant furnace tubes is raised, the occurrence of a coking phenomenon is avoided, fuel consumption and smoke discharge are reduced, and the aims of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the firing equipment in petroleum refining and petrochemical industry production, is specifically related to a kind of anti-coking heating furnace.
Background technology
Tubular heater in occupation of critical role, is being brought into play more and more important effect in petroleum refining and petrochemical industry production.Along with the maximization of unit scale, tubular heater technology is also towards maximization, energy-saving future development.In evolution, improve as far as possible the outlet temperature of heating furnace, to obtaining higher product yield and better product quality, but too high heater outlet temperature can bring the cracking of oil product or the increase of the tendentiousness of coking in boiler tube, thereby cause the heat transfer property of product quality decline, boiler tube to reduce, when serious, can cause the generation of tube coking.
Oil product flows in boiler tube, because local heating is uneven, cracking and polymerism can occur, and heavy thing or the complex compound of generation are attached to boiler tube inwall, i.e. so-called coking.The degree that cracking and polymerization occur oil product in boiler tube is except outside the Pass the thermal cracking sensitiveness with oil product self has, mainly with the suffered maximum temperature of oil product and at this temperature the length of the time of staying relevant.
Therefore, heating furnace tube design needs to pursue such target:
1, outer surface of furnace tube is heated evenly, and particularly high temperature section boiler tube, must avoid hot-spot.
2, in boiler tube, oil product has higher flow velocity, and particularly high temperature section boiler tube, to improve the film heat transfer coefficient of medium in boiler tube, reduces tube skin temperature, reduces the time of staying of high temperature oil product in boiler tube.
3, in boiler tube, two phase flow has good nowed forming.Difference due to gas-liquid two-phase heat conductivity, oil product flows and has radial symmetry gradient in boiler tube, the oil product temperature of pressing close to tube wall is the highest, and the temperature of tube hub place medium is minimum, so oil film temperature is the maximum temperature that in boiler tube, the mobile lower oil product of gas-liquid two-phase is heated.Two phase flow keeps the form of annular flow or ring spray, can at the inner surface of boiler tube, form stable oil film, is conducive to improve the film heat transfer coefficient of oil product in boiler tube, has reduced oil film temperature, and then reduces furnace wall temperature.
Utility model content
The utility model easily produces the defect of cracking or coking for solving heating furnace tube in prior art, and a kind of anti-coking heating furnace is provided, and by heating-furnace tubular construction being carried out to appropriate design, has avoided the generation of coking phenomenon in boiler tube.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows;
An anti-coking heating furnace, described heating furnace comprises one group of radiation chamber boiler tube 4, one group of convection cell boiler tube 5 and one group of shield tube 6;
Described in one group, radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is arranged in radiation chamber 1, and described in one group, shield tube 6 is arranged on described convection cell 2 porch, described in one group convection cell boiler tube 5 be arranged on one group described in shield tube 6 tops;
First improvement of the present utility model is: the suitable location undergauge to heating furnace tube, is specially:
Described anti-coking heating furnace comprises boiler tube undergauge structure, described in one group radiation chamber boiler tube 4 along the short transverse of described radiation chamber 1 comprise that caliber dwindles structure step by step or/and described in one group shield tube 6 along the short transverse of described convection cell 5, comprise that caliber dwindles structure step by step;
The caliber maximum of described shield tube group 6 is less than or equal to the caliber of described convection cell boiler tube 5.
The oil film temperature of described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is 400 ℃ of left and right, and before oil product evaporation point, on described radiation chamber boiler tube 4, undergauge structure is set, the undergauge structure of described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is: described in one group, radiation chamber boiler tube (4) comprises radiation chamber boiler tube undergauge section, and its caliber dwindles step by step.
The undergauge structure of described shield tube 6 is: described in one group, shield tube 6 comprises shield tube undergauge section, and its caliber dwindles step by step;
Described shield tube undergauge section is arranged on described radiation chamber 1 and described convection cell 2 intersections, is arranged on the exhanst gas outlet top of described radiation chamber boiler tube 1.
Described in one group, the undergauge number of times of boiler tube necking down structure is 1～2 time, that is:
The undergauge number of times of the undergauge structure of described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is 1～2 time;
The undergauge number of times of the undergauge structure of described shield tube 6 is 1～2 time.
It is 12mm～25mm that the caliber of the undergauge structure of described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 dwindles variable quantity △ Φ scope.
It is 12mm～25mm that the caliber of the undergauge structure of described shield tube 6 dwindles variable quantity △ Φ scope.
The conventional caliber of heating furnace tube is respectively: Φ 60mm, Φ 89mm, Φ 102mm, Φ 114mm, Φ 127mm, Φ 152mm and Φ 219mm.Dwindle one-level or two-stage and refer to adopt less caliber in this sequence.
In concrete enforcement: heating furnace tube adopts Φ 114mm, and radiation chamber boiler tube 4, shield tube 6 undergauges can adopt Φ 102mm or Φ 89mm.
The object of undergauge is to reduce cracking and the coking tendentiousness of oil product in boiler tube.Because the operating condition of oil product and heating furnace is different, this position is unfixed.
In concrete enforcement, the undergauge position of heating furnace tube according to pressure medium in pipe fall, flow velocity, fluidised form require the parametric synthesis with relative coking rate etc. to calculate, according to result of calculation, undergauge when oil film temperature is 400 ℃ of left and right, i.e. undergauge before oil product evaporation point, can obtain higher flow velocity, the fluidised form of medium in control valve, effectively controls coking better.
Second improvement of the present utility model is: described heating furnace also comprises one group of gas injection point, for to described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 and/or described shield tube 6 injected water steam; Water vapor pressure in described steam pipe line is 1.0Mpa (g).
Described in one group, gas injection point is arranged on described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 or/and on described shield tube 6, and described in one group, gas injection point is connected with steam pipe line, on described steam pipe line, is provided with flow control valve, to guarantee steam injection amount.
Described in one group, gas injection point comprises described radiation chamber boiler tube gas injection point 7; The oil film temperature of described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is 420 ℃ of left and right, and before oil product evaporation point, described anti-coking heating furnace arranges described radiation chamber boiler tube gas injection point 7.
Described in one group, gas injection point also comprises described shield tube gas injection point 8;
Described shield tube gas injection point 8 is arranged on described shield tube 6 porch, and described shield tube gas injection point 8 is connected with steam pipe line, is provided with flow control valve, to guarantee steam injection amount on described steam pipe line.
The quantity of described radiation chamber boiler tube steam injection point 7 is 4～8.
The quantity of described shield tube steam injection point 8 is 4～8.
Steam injection point is generally boiler tube upper shed, and filled with water steam in boiler tube improves the mobile dress state of medium in boiler tube, reduces oil film temperature, guarantees oil film thickness, reduces coking tendentiousness.
In concrete enforcement, the position of steam injection point is selected to calculate and to combine with heating furnace, in calculating, and different medium, different operating condition, can obtain different results; According to result of calculation, general oil film temperature, 420 ℃ of left and right, is the optimum position of steam injection after oil product evaporation point.
The caliber of described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is no more than Φ 114mm;
The caliber of described convection cell boiler tube 5 is no more than Φ 114mm;
The caliber of described shield tube 6 is no more than Φ 114mm.
In concrete enforcement:
The conventional caliber of heating furnace tube is respectively: Φ 60mm, Φ 89mm, Φ 102mm, Φ 114mm, Φ 127mm, Φ 152mm and Φ 219mm.Dwindle one-level or two-stage and refer to adopt less caliber in this sequence.For example: heating furnace tube is Φ 114mm, radiation chamber boiler tube group 4, shield tube group 6 undergauges can adopt Φ 102mm or Φ 89mm.
Described in one group, radiation chamber boiler tube 4 adopts the vertical or horizontal described radiation chamber 1 that is distributed in;
Described in one group, shield tube 6 adopts vertical or horizontal described convection cell 2 porch that are distributed in;
Described in one group convection cell boiler tube 5 adopt vertical or horizontal be distributed in one group described in shield tube 6 tops;
Described radiation chamber 1 is single radiation chamber structure or symmetrical expression radial room structure.
Operation principle of the present utility model is:
With respect to radiation chamber 1, the operating temperature of convection cell 2 is lower, the general difficult coking that occurs of convection cell boiler tube 5, but the tube wall temperature of shield tube 6 is higher, in pipe, medium temperature experiences by low temperature the temperature-rise period to high temperature, the local uneven situation of being heated that likely occurs, the phenomenon that produces coking for fear of shield tube local overheating occurs, shield tube 6 adopts undergauge, or at shield tube 6 entrance filled with water steam, or adopt both comprehensive means, can improve the flow regime of medium in boiler tube, prevent that coking from occurring.
The cracking of oil product and polymerization in boiler tube and cause the phenomenon of coking to mostly occur in the high temperature section of radiation chamber boiler tube group 4, conventionally after appearing at oil product evaporation point, arrive this section of boiler tube of furnace outlet, therefore in the suitable location of radiation chamber boiler tube 4, general oil film temperature is 400 ℃ of left and right, before oil product evaporation point, can dwindle one-level or secondary caliber; Or the suitable location at radiation chamber 1, general oil film temperature is 420 ℃ of left and right, after oil product evaporation point, inject low-pressure steam, or adopt both comprehensive means, to improve velocity in pipes, reduce the time of staying of hot mink cell focus, improve film heat transfer coefficient in pipe, reduce coking tendency, to improve the fluidised form of medium, be conducive to the lower oil film temperature of maintenance and suitable oil film thickness, reduce the coking tendency of oil product in high temperature furnace pipe.
Employing boiler tube reducing means, flow velocity and the flow regime of medium in adjustment boiler tube, take into full account the fluid resistance loss of medium and the relation of film coefficient of heat transfer in boiler tube, and heated medium is vaporized close to isothermal in pipe, avoids part boiler tube local overheating.Meanwhile, adjust the interior evaporation point of the pipe flow pattern of stream-liquid two-phase flow afterwards, close to mist flow or ring spray, avoid the generation of piston flow as far as possible.
The suitable location of boiler tube is injected a certain amount of water vapour, can effectively reduce oily vapour dividing potential drop, improves oil product rate of gasification, increases the latent heat amount of medium lower temperature in boiler tube.After steam injection, velocity in pipes improves simultaneously, alleviates the harmful effect causing because of hot-spot, just can reach the tendentiousness that reduces the cracking/coking of oil product in boiler tube, prevents the object of coking.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following advantage:
1) by analyzing the situation of different parts, choose reasonable boiler tube caliber, effectively control the flow velocity of oil product in boiler tube, improve fluidised form in pipe, and then avoided the generation of coking phenomenon in boiler tube, heating furnace can operate for a long time under the higher thermal efficiency, reduced the consumption of fuel, and then reduced device operating cost, and reduced smoke discharge amount simultaneously, reach the object of energy-saving and emission-reduction;
2) by steam injection point is rationally set, effectively improve the flow regime of medium in boiler tube, improved the uniformity that heating furnace tube calorific intensity distributes, boiler tube is heated evenly, and heating furnace tube is extended service life, has reduced plant maintenance and recondition expense.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of anti-coking heating furnace of the present utility model;
Drawing reference numeral explanation:
1-radiation chamber; 2-convection cell; 3-burner; 4-radiation chamber boiler tube; 5-convection cell boiler tube;
6-shield tube; 7-radiation chamber boiler tube steam injection point; 8-shield tube steam injection point; 9-furnace wall;
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in more detail, protection domain of the present utility model is not limited to the following specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of anti-coking heating furnace, described heating furnace comprises one group of radiation chamber boiler tube 4, one group of convection cell boiler tube 5 and one group of shield tube 6;
The type of heating oil product is reduced crude;
The inlet temperature of heating furnace is 360 ℃, and outlet temperature is 384 ℃;
One group of radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is horizontal distribution along the short transverse of described radiation chamber 1, and described in one group, shield tube 6 is horizontal described convection cell 2 porch that are distributed in, described in one group convection cell boiler tube 5 be horizontal be distributed in one group described in shield tube 6 tops;
The undergauge position of radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is for being about 1/4 place near exit position, and oil film temperature is about 400 ℃ herein; Before undergauge, the caliber of described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is Φ 114mm; After undergauge, the caliber of described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 is Φ 89mm;
The undergauge position of shield tube 6 is near radiation chamber boiler tube approximately 1/2 place, and undergauge position is described radiation chamber 1 and described convection cell 2 intersections; Before undergauge, the caliber of described shield tube 6 is Φ 114mm, and after undergauge, the caliber of described shield tube 6 is Φ 102mm;
The caliber of described convection cell boiler tube 5 is Φ 114mm;
Described heating furnace also comprises 8 described radiation chamber boiler tube gas injection points 7 and 8 described shield tube gas injection points 8;
8 described radiation chamber gas injection points 7 are arranged near radiation chamber 1 exit position and are about 1/5 place, and are connected with the tube side of 8 radiation chamber boiler tubes 4 respectively, and oil film temperature is for being about 420 ℃ herein;
8 described shield tube gas injection points 8 are arranged near radiation chamber boiler tube 4 and are about 1/3 place, and are connected with the tube side entrance of 8 described shield tubes 6 respectively;
Described radiation chamber boiler tube gas injection point 7 is connected with steam pipe line respectively with described shield tube gas injection point 8, by steam pipe line, respectively to the low-pressure water steam that injects 1.0Mpa in described radiation chamber boiler tube 4 and shield tube 6, on described steam pipe line, be provided with flow control valve.
A pair of radiation chamber 1 bottom even is distributed with 8 burners 3.
Technique scheme is a kind of embodiment of the present utility model, for those skilled in the art, the utility model discloses on the basis of application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and be not limited only to the described structure of the above-mentioned specific embodiment of the utility model, therefore previously described mode is preferably, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (10)
1. an anti-coking heating furnace, is characterized in that:
Described heating furnace comprises one group of radiation chamber boiler tube (4), one group of convection cell boiler tube (5) and one group of shield tube (6);
Described in one group, radiation chamber boiler tube (4) is arranged in radiation chamber (1), and shield tube described in a group (6) is arranged on described convection cell (2) porch, described in one group convection cell boiler tube (5) be arranged on one group described in shield tube (6) top;
Described anti-coking heating furnace comprises boiler tube undergauge structure, described in one group radiation chamber boiler tube (4) along the short transverse of described radiation chamber (1) comprise that caliber dwindles structure step by step or/and described in one group shield tube (6) along the short transverse of described convection cell (5), comprise that caliber dwindles structure step by step;
The caliber maximum of described shield tube group (6) is less than or equal to the caliber of described convection cell boiler tube (5).
2. a kind of anti-coking heating furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The oil film temperature of described radiation chamber boiler tube (4) is 400 ℃ of left and right, and before oil product evaporation point, on described radiation chamber boiler tube (4), undergauge structure is set, the undergauge structure of described radiation chamber boiler tube (4) is: described in one group, radiation chamber boiler tube (4) comprises radiation chamber boiler tube undergauge section, its from top to bottom caliber dwindle step by step.
3. a kind of anti-coking heating furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The undergauge structure of described shield tube (6) is: shield tube described in a group (6) comprises shield tube undergauge section, its from top to bottom caliber dwindle step by step;
Described shield tube undergauge section is arranged on described radiation chamber (1) and described convection cell (2) intersection, is arranged on the exhanst gas outlet top of described radiation chamber boiler tube (1).
4. according to a kind of anti-coking heating furnace one of claim 1～3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that:
Described in one group, the undergauge number of times of boiler tube necking down structure is 1～2 time, that is:
The undergauge number of times of the undergauge structure of described radiation chamber boiler tube (4) is 1～2 time;
The undergauge number of times of the undergauge structure of described shield tube (6) is 1～2 time.
5. a kind of anti-coking heating furnace according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
It is 12mm～25mm that the caliber of the undergauge structure of described radiation chamber boiler tube (4) dwindles variable quantity △ Φ scope;
It is 12mm～25mm that the caliber of the undergauge structure of described shield tube (6) dwindles variable quantity △ Φ scope.
6. a kind of anti-coking heating furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described heating furnace also comprises one group of gas injection point;
Described in one group, gas injection point is arranged on described radiation chamber boiler tube (4) or/and described shield tube (6) is upper, and described in one group, gas injection point is connected with steam pipe line, on described steam pipe line, is provided with flow control valve.
7. a kind of anti-coking heating furnace according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Described in one group, gas injection point comprises described radiation chamber boiler tube gas injection point (7); The oil film temperature of described radiation chamber boiler tube (4) is 420 ℃ of left and right, and before oil product evaporation point, described anti-coking heating furnace arranges described radiation chamber boiler tube gas injection point (7).
8. a kind of anti-coking heating furnace according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Described in one group, gas injection point also comprises described shield tube gas injection point (8);
Described shield tube gas injection point (8) is arranged on described shield tube (6) porch, and described shield tube gas injection point (8) is connected with steam pipe line, on described steam pipe line, is provided with flow control valve.
9. according to a kind of anti-coking heating furnace one of claim 6～8 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that:
The quantity of described radiation chamber boiler tube steam injection point (7) is 4～8;
The quantity of described shield tube steam injection point (8) is 4～8.
10. a kind of anti-coking heating furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The caliber of described radiation chamber boiler tube (4) is no more than Φ 114mm;
The caliber of described convection cell boiler tube (5) is no more than Φ 114mm;
The caliber of described shield tube (6) is no more than Φ 114mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320393517.2U CN203454755U (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2013-07-03 | Anti-coking heating furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320393517.2U CN203454755U (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2013-07-03 | Anti-coking heating furnace |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN203454755U true CN203454755U (en) | 2014-02-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201320393517.2U Expired - Lifetime CN203454755U (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2013-07-03 | Anti-coking heating furnace |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103965944A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-06 | 何巨堂 | Heating furnace for wide-cut hydrocarbon material rich in colloidal asphalt components |
| CN104896926A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-09 | 北京中科诚毅科技发展有限公司 | Novel heating furnace with multi-hearth structure |
| CN104976894A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-14 | 中国石化工程建设有限公司 | Integral modular structure of industrial furnace and construction method |
-
2013
- 2013-07-03 CN CN201320393517.2U patent/CN203454755U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104976894A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-14 | 中国石化工程建设有限公司 | Integral modular structure of industrial furnace and construction method |
| CN103965944A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-06 | 何巨堂 | Heating furnace for wide-cut hydrocarbon material rich in colloidal asphalt components |
| CN104896926A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-09 | 北京中科诚毅科技发展有限公司 | Novel heating furnace with multi-hearth structure |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: 100728 No. 22 North Main Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee after: SINOPEC Group Patentee after: SINOPEC ENGINEERING Inc. Address before: 100728 Chaoyang District, Beijing 22 Chaoyang men North Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee before: CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL Corp. Patentee before: SINOPEC ENGINEERING Inc. |
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| CP03 | Change of name, title or address | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20140226 |
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| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |