Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of coking heater of slow down coking trend, in order to reduce oil viscosity in heating furnace tube, extend the coke induction period of this oil product, slow down boiler tube inner membrance coking trend, thus extend the process furnace continuous cycle of operation, namely improve the continuous cycle of operation of coker, produce to coker and full factory and bring significant Social benefit and economic benefit.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of coking heater of slow down coking trend, comprising: body of heater, radiation chamber, convection chamber, radiant box will, boiler tube and burner, wherein:
Described body of heater is delta structure, described convection chamber is positioned at the inner upper of described body of heater, described convection chamber is divided into symmetrical two portions by partition wall, described radiation chamber has 2, lay respectively at symmetrical both sides below described convection chamber, middle by the spaced apart of both ends open formed by furnace wall straight in declivity, described radiant box will is the internal space of described radiation chamber, is the combined hollow structure of rectangle on lower trapezoid;
Described boiler tube has 2 groups, often group comprises many horizontal boiler tubes, often organize described boiler tube and comprise the convection tubes and radiator tube that are connected through the outer transfer line of described body of heater, each part of horizontal of described convection chamber is furnished with many rows convection tubes corresponding to boiler tube described in 1 group, the center of each described radiation chamber becomes longitudinally single lying pipe to be furnished with the radiator tube that described in 1 group, boiler tube is corresponding, the entrance of described convection tubes is connected with heated oil product pipeline by flange, and the outlet of described radiator tube is connected with the pipeline of coke drum by flange;
Often organize the radiator tube lower part outlet pipeline section that in boiler tube, some boiler tubes are corresponding expanding, the tube spacing in each described radiation chamber between neighbouring radiator tube is 1.77-2.8 times of described radiator tube external diameter;
Certain position of front portion 3/4 pipeline section of described radiator tube is provided with light coker gas oil LCGO inlet, certain position of rear portion 1/4 pipeline section of described radiator tube is provided with heavy coker gas oil HCGO inlet, and described LCGO inlet is connected with hot HCGO pipeline with the hot LCGO pipeline from fractionating system respectively by flange with described HCGO inlet;
The number of described burner is multiple, arranges along radiator tube zygomorphy in described radiation chamber, and each described burner pastes furnace wall in the mode of upwards burning along both sides at the bottom of described radiant box will or is arranged vertically by furnace wall at the bottom of described radiant box will.
Optionally, described burner is double-row hole or many rounds inclination perforate burner tip structure.
Optionally, the ingress of described convection tubes is provided with the first oil product temperature thermocouple, and the ingress of described radiator tube is provided with the second oil product temperature thermocouple, and the exit of described radiator tube is provided with the 3rd oil product temperature thermocouple.
Optionally, described convection tubes bottom tube wall is outside equipped with 2 tube skin thermopairs, and described radiator tube entrance is provided with 8-10 tube skin thermopair to exporting upper and lower tube skin.
Optionally, the exit end of the ingress of described convection tubes, the inlet end of described radiator tube and described radiator tube is respectively arranged with steam or condensed water inlet, and described vapour or condensed water inlet are connected for the steam of system or the pipeline of condensed water with from outer.
Optionally, the ingress of described convection tubes is provided with petroleum naphtha or diesel oil inlet, and described petroleum naphtha or diesel oil inlet are connected with the pipeline in order to note petroleum naphtha or diesel oil, and the described pipeline in order to note petroleum naphtha or diesel oil is provided with flow control valve.
Optionally, described LCGO injects on pipeline, described HCGO injection pipeline and is respectively arranged with flow control valve.
Optionally, the both sides furnace wall of radiant box will bottom and the angle of horizontal plane are between 75 ° to 85 °.
Optionally, the both sides furnace wall on described radiant box will top and the angle of level are 90 °.
Above-described embodiment is for the characteristic inferior of furnace charge in coker and the ultralow recycle ratio operational condition of coking, before process furnace radiator tube, 3/4 pipeline section and rear 1/4 pipeline section inject appropriate LCGO and HCGO to improve the ratio of (aromatic hydrocarbons+colloid)/(bituminous matter+stable hydrocarbon), improve processing medium stability in pipe, extend coke induction period, slow down pipe inner membrance coking trend, extend the process furnace continuous cycle of operation, namely improve the continuous cycle of operation of coker, decrease unplanned shutdown and burn number of times, so it is obvious for producing the Social benefit and economic benefit brought to coker and full factory.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those skilled in the art, not paying the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the coking heater schematic diagram of the slow down coking trend of one embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, this process furnace comprises: heating furnace body 1, convection chamber 2, radiation chamber 3, radiant box will 4, convection tubes 5, radiator tube 6 and burner 7, wherein:
Heating furnace body 1 is delta structure, radiant box will 4 is the internal space of radiation chamber 3, for the combined hollow structure of rectangle on lower trapezoid, the middle upper part of radiation chamber 3 is convection chamber 2, both sides, below are 2 radiation chambers 3 be arranged symmetrically with, middle by the spaced apart of the both ends open of furnace wall straight in declivity formation, as shown in the figure, in figure, 12 is the vertical section furnace wall in the space of this both ends open, in figure, 13 is the tilting section furnace wall in the space of this both ends open, wherein, the space of both ends open mentioned here refers to the space that the end that only has two sides upright wall and convection chamber and furnace bottom are formed.The convection chamber 2 that 2 radiation chambers 3 share, above convection chamber 2, exhanst gas outlet is provided with associating flue, the high-temperature flue gas that burner combustion produces flows into convection chamber 2 by radiation chamber 3 radiation top, in heated convection section boiler tube 5 after coking oil, flue gas flows to the further Mist heat recovering of air preheater through associating flue, enter air finally by by chimney, in figure, arrow A represents the direction of flue gas flow toward air preheater;
Boiler tube has 2 groups, often group comprises many horizontal boiler tubes, often organize boiler tube and comprise the radiator tube 6 being positioned at the horizontally disposed convection tubes of convection chamber 5 and being positioned at the longitudinal layout in radiation chamber center, convection tubes 5 is connected through the outer transfer line of body of heater 1 with radiator tube 6, the entrance of convection tubes 5 is connected with oil product input tube 11, the outlet of radiator tube 6 is connected with coke drum by transfer line 18, and in figure, arrow B represents that the oil product after heating flows to the direction of coke drum;
Radiator tube 6 one-tenth longitudinally single lying pipe is arranged in radiation chamber center, and often organize the radiator tube 6 lower part outlet pipeline section that in boiler tube, some boiler tubes are corresponding expanding, the pipe external diameter of such as some radiator tubes 6 can diffuse into Φ 127 by Φ 114 or diffuse into Φ 127 by Φ 102; Expand the tube spacing of radiator tube simultaneously, tube spacing in each radiation chamber between adjacent radiation pipe is set to the 1.77-2.8 of radiator tube external diameter doubly, adopt the expanding tube spacing technology with strengthening boiler tube of boiler tube, reduce the even coefficient of hot strength circumferential asymmetry of radiating furnace tube nearly outlet section pyrocondensation district boiler tube, reduce the relative coking factor, slow down condensation reaction, relatively can reduce tube skin temperature 10 ~ 20%;
Certain position of front portion 3/4 pipeline section of radiator tube 6 is provided with light coker gas oil LCGO inlet, certain position of rear portion 1/4 pipeline section of radiator tube 6 is provided with heavy coker gas oil HCGO inlet, LCGO inlet is connected with LCGO transfer lime 16, HCGO inlet is connected with HCGO transfer lime 17, before radiator tube, 3/4 pipeline section and rear 1/4 pipeline section inject the coking of appropriate relatively high (aromatic hydrocarbons+colloid)/(stable hydrocarbon+bituminous matter) ratio or catalysis LGO and HGO cut respectively, slow down in boiler tube by heating oil product, especially pipe inner membrance temperature rise rate, relax coking trend.Again such as, for regulating the rate of injection of LCGO and HCGO, should arrange variable valve group 19 respectively on LCGO transfer lime, HCGO transfer lime, wherein, LCGO and HCGO injected is LGO and HGO that coking or catalytic cracking produce;
The number of burner 7 is multiple, and boiler tube zygomorphy respectively at radiant box will 4 center is arranged, each burner 7 pastes furnace wall in the mode of upwards burning along both sides at the bottom of radiant box will or arranges by furnace wall at the bottom of burner hearth.Such as, burner 7 can be double-row hole or many rounds inclination perforate burner tip structure, matches, flame attached wall is burnt with the furnace wall 13 of incline structure, improve the uniform distribution of temperature field of process furnace radiation chamber, improve the radiative transfer effect of process furnace radiation chamber.During concrete enforcement; no more than 16 of the number of the single burner that suggestion WALL CLOTH is put; the normal flame height of single burner is that 1/3 burner hearth is high; be generally 2.5-3 rice; the both sides furnace wall of radiant box will bottom and the angle α of horizontal plane between 75 ° to 85 °, the both sides furnace wall on radiant box will top and the angle of horizontal plane in 90 °.
Above-described embodiment is for the characteristic inferior of furnace charge in coker and the ultralow recycle ratio operational condition of coking, before process furnace radiator tube, 3/4 pipeline section and rear 1/4 pipeline section inject appropriate LCGO and HCGO to improve the ratio of (aromatic hydrocarbons+colloid)/(bituminous matter+stable hydrocarbon), improve processing medium stability in pipe, extend coke induction period, slow down pipe inner membrance coking trend, extend the process furnace continuous cycle of operation, namely improve the continuous cycle of operation of coker, decrease unplanned shutdown and burn number of times, so it is obvious for producing the Social benefit and economic benefit brought to coker and full factory.
When being heated oil product temperature rise > 1.5-2.5 DEG C/day in radiating furnace tube, in the normal steam injection amount situation of maintenance, front 3/4 section of radiator tube injects appropriate LCGO cut, as rear 1/4 radiator tube heating oil product temperature rise > 1.5-2.5 DEG C/day, in the normal steam injection amount situation of maintenance, later 1/4 radiator tube injects appropriate HCGO cut, makes the temperature rise of pipe inner membrance drop to about <0.56 DEG C/day.
Inject appropriate LCGO amount be steam injection amount 300-550kg/h situation bet LCGO150-250kg/h; This technology place note HCGO amount is at steam injection amount 300-550kg/h situation bet HCGO150-250kg/h.
For detecting the temperature variation of oil product in heating furnace tube, the ingress of convection tubes 5 can also be provided with the first oil product temperature thermocouple 8, the second oil product temperature thermocouple 9 is provided with in the ingress of radiator tube 6, be provided with the 3rd oil product temperature thermocouple 10 in the exit of radiator tube 6, the temperature rise speed of oil product in boiler tube can be detected so in time.
In addition, in order to detect the temperature variation of boiler tube, 2 tube skin thermopairs can also be outside equipped with at convection tubes bottom tube wall, at radiator tube entrance, the tube skin up and down exported be provided with 8-10 tube skin thermopair, the temperature rise speed of boiler tube can be detected so in time.
Such as, the ingress of convection tubes 5, be respectively arranged with steam or condensed water inlet to the inlet end of radiator tube 6 and the exit end of radiator tube, steam or condensed water inlet are connected for the steam of system or the pipeline 14 of condensed water with from outer.
Such as, for reducing the feedstock viscosity entering low grade oils in convection coil 5, the ingress of convection tubes 5 can also be provided with petroleum naphtha or diesel oil inlet, petroleum naphtha or diesel oil inlet are connected with the pipeline 15 in order to note petroleum naphtha or diesel oil, appropriate benzoline is injected in the feed entrance of convection tubes 5, as petroleum naphtha, diesel oil etc., reduce the viscosity of charging.
Below for the process furnace in Fig. 1 embodiment being applied to the example of coker: for the furnace design of certain 1,200,000 tons/year of delayed coking unit domestic, adopt " equiflux heater is burnt in ' tubaeform ' bottom side of note stability distillate " of slow down coking trend.This type of furnace design conditions is that the height of this coking raw material is harshness: 76.4m% deep vacuum distillation (> 565 DEG C) subtracts the compound of slag and 23.6m% catalytic slurry; The d of > 565 DEG C of deep vacuum distillation residual oil
20=1.0391g/cm
3, UopK=11.62, API=4.67, the residual C of health
r=24.20m%, viscosity ν
100=4539.5cst, C7 insolubles content=7.3m%, C/H atomic ratio=0.6621, its aromatic carbon rate fa=0.3024, so the cycloalkyl raw material belonging to difficult deep processing, coke forming property P value is greater than the P value of 566 DEG C, Arabic heavy oil+subtract slag; And in raw material, mix the catalytic slurry of 23.6m%, although add aromaticity content in coking furnace charging, add the coking rate in coking yield and boiler tube, thus have influence on the production cycle of process furnace operation, therefore, the design of process furnace in Fig. 1 embodiment can be adopted.
The embodiment of this process furnace is: adopt the bottom side of " on lower trapezoid rectangular configuration " radiation chamber of the note stability distillate of slow down coking trend burn the attached wall burning double-side radiation type of furnace and expander footpath and strengthen tube spacing design, coking oil divides 4 tube sides successively through convection chamber with the feeding manner of " upper entering and lower leaving ", radiation chamber is warming up to temperature required (about 492-498 DEG C), wherein every 2 radiation chambers share 1 convection chamber, can be implemented in the on-line decoking under the online coke cleaning of another tube side under single tube journey 65-70% thermal load and 55-65% thermal load and mechanical decoking.The burner that fuel gas is installed through furnace bottom side wall attached wall, combustion flame attached wall combustion heating furnace wall, combustion flame and high-temperature flue gas along rectangle on lower trapezoid the burning of " tubaeform " radiant box will attached wall and upwards flow, institute's heat requirement is provided to the oil product that heated in boiler tube, high-temperature flue gas upwards flows into convection chamber through radiant box will top, after preheating coking oil, flows to the further Mist heat recovering of air preheater through associating flue, make furnace thermal efficiency reach 92.5%, last flue gas enters air via chimney.In order to improve by heating oil property in boiler tube, especially run in later stage pipe and being heated oil property, relaxing coking trend, extending the process furnace continuous cycle of operation, adopt the Technology of note LCGO and HCGO cut.Before process furnace radiation section, 3/4 pipeline section and rear 1/4 pipeline section inject appropriate LCGO and HCGO to improve aromatic hydrocarbons/bituminous matter ratio respectively, aromatic hydrocarbons+colloid/bituminous matter ratio, improve in pipe by the stability of heating oil product, and reduce condensation reaction rate, realization slows down pipe inner membrance coking trend, thus extends continuous operating time.Embodiment is for when being heated oil product temperature rise > 1.68 DEG C/day in the forward and backward pipeline section of radiating furnace tube, in maintenance steam injection amount situation, front 3/4 section of radiator tube injects LCGO cut, then 1/4 radiator tube injects HCGO cut, and processing medium temperature rise in pipe can be made to drop to < about 0.56 DEG C/day from Δ T > 1.68 DEG C/day.Simultaneously, also can according to the variation tendency of boiler tube inlet pressure and coil outlet temperature, especially radiator tube surface thermocouple temperature rise trend, judge tube coking situation, the tube side serious to coking carries out online coke cleaning, on-line decoking or stops half tube side carrying out mechanical decoking operation, to ensure the continuous long-term operation of coker in good time.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of an embodiment, the module in accompanying drawing or flow process might not be that enforcement the present invention is necessary.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: the module in the device in embodiment can describe according to embodiment and be distributed in the device of embodiment, also can carry out respective change and be arranged in the one or more devices being different from the present embodiment.The module of above-described embodiment can merge into a module, also can split into multiple submodule further.
Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those skilled in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in previous embodiment, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.