Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of coking heater of slow down coking trend, in order to reduce oil viscosity in heating furnace tube, extend the coke induction period of this oil product, slow down boiler tube inner membrance coking trend, thereby extend the continuous cycle of operation of process furnace, namely improve the continuous cycle of operation of coker, bring significant Social benefit and economic benefit to coker and the production of full factory.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of coking heater of slow down coking trend, comprising: body of heater, radiation chamber, convection chamber, radiant box will, boiler tube and burner, wherein:
Described body of heater is delta structure, described convection chamber is positioned at the inner and upper of described body of heater, described convection chamber is divided into symmetrical two portions by partition wall, described radiation chamber has 2, lay respectively at symmetrical both sides, described convection chamber below, the centre is separated by the space of the both ends open that is formed by furnace wall straight on declivity, and described radiant box will is the internal space of described radiation chamber, is the combined hollow structure of rectangle on lower trapezoid;
Described boiler tube has 2 groups, every group comprises many horizontal boiler tubes, every group of described boiler tube comprises convection tubes and the radiator tube that transfer line is connected outside described body of heater, each part of horizontal of described convection chamber is furnished with 1 group of many rows convection tubes that described boiler tube is corresponding, the center of each described radiation chamber becomes vertical single lying pipe to be furnished with 1 group of radiator tube that described boiler tube is corresponding, the entrance of described convection tubes is connected with heated oil product pipeline by flange, and the outlet of described radiator tube is connected with the pipeline of coke drum by flange;
Radiator tube lower part outlet pipeline section hole enlargement corresponding to some boiler tubes in every group of boiler tube, the tube spacing in each described radiation chamber between neighbouring radiator tube are 1.77-2.8 times of described radiator tube external diameter;
Certain position of front portion 3/4 pipeline section of described radiator tube is provided with light coker gas oil LCGO inlet, certain position of rear portion 1/4 pipeline section of described radiator tube is provided with heavy coker gas oil HCGO inlet, and described LCGO inlet and described HCGO inlet are connected with hot HCGO pipeline with hot LCGO pipeline from fractionating system by flange respectively;
The number of described burner is a plurality of, arranges along radiator tube zygomorphy in described radiation chamber, and each described burner pastes furnace wall or is arranged vertically by furnace wall at the bottom of described radiant box will with the mode of upwards burning both sides at the bottom of the described radiant box will.
Optionally, described burner is double-row hole or many rounds inclination perforate burner tip structure.
Optionally, the ingress of described convection tubes is provided with the first oil product temperature thermocouple, and the ingress of described radiator tube is provided with the second oil product temperature thermocouple, and the exit of described radiator tube is provided with the 3rd oil product temperature thermocouple.
Optionally, described convection tubes bottom tube wall is outside equipped with 2 boiler tube surface thermocouples, and described radiator tube entrance to boiler tube surface, outlet up and down is provided with 8-10 boiler tube surface thermocouple.
Optionally, the exit end of the ingress of described convection tubes, the inlet end of described radiator tube and described radiator tube is respectively arranged with steam or condensed water inlet, described vapour or condensed water inlet with from outer for system steam or the pipeline of condensed water be connected.
Optionally, the ingress of described convection tubes is provided with petroleum naphtha or diesel oil inlet, described petroleum naphtha or diesel oil inlet be connected in order to the pipeline of annotating petroleum naphtha or diesel oil, described in order to be provided with flow control valve on the pipeline of annotating petroleum naphtha or diesel oil.
Optionally, described LCGO injects pipeline, described HCGO injects on pipeline and is respectively arranged with flow control valve.
Optionally, the angle of the both sides furnace wall of radiant box will bottom and horizontal plane is between 75 ° to 85 °.
Optionally, the both sides furnace wall on described radiant box will top and the angle of level are 90 °.
above-described embodiment is for characteristic inferior and the ultralow recycle ratio operational condition of coking of furnace charge in coker, inject appropriate LCGO and HCGO to improve the ratio of (aromatic hydrocarbons+colloid)/(bituminous matter+stable hydrocarbon) at front 3/4 pipeline section of process furnace radiator tube and rear 1/4 pipeline section, improved processing medium stability in pipe, extended coke induction period, slowed down pipe inner membrance coking trend, extended the continuous cycle of operation of process furnace, namely improved the continuous cycle of operation of coker, reduce unplanned shutdown and burnt number of times, so it is obvious producing the Social benefit and economic benefit that brings to coker and full factory.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those skilled in the art belong to the scope of protection of the invention not paying the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite.
Fig. 1 is the coking heater schematic diagram of the slow down coking trend of one embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, this process furnace comprises: heating furnace body 1, convection chamber 2, radiation chamber 3, radiant box will 4, convection tubes 5, radiator tube 6 and burner 7, wherein:
heating furnace body 1 is delta structure, radiant box will 4 is the internal space of radiation chamber 3, combined hollow structure for rectangle on lower trapezoid, the middle upper part of radiation chamber 3 is convection chamber 2, the both sides, below are 2 radiation chambers 3 that are arranged symmetrically with, middle space by the both ends open of furnace wall formation straight on declivity separates, as shown in the figure, in figure, 12 is the vertical section furnace wall in the space of this both ends open, in figure, 13 is the tilting section furnace wall in the space of this both ends open, wherein, here the space of said both ends open refers to only have the end of two sides upright wall and convection chamber and the space that furnace bottom forms.2 convection chambers 2 that radiation chamber 3 shares, convection chamber 2 top exhanst gas outlets are provided with the associating flue, the high-temperature flue gas that burner combustion produces is by the radiation chamber 3 upper convection chambers 2 that flow in radiation top, after the interior coking oil of heated convection section boiler tube 5, flue gas flows to the further Mist heat recovering of air preheater through the associating flue, finally by entering atmosphere by chimney, in figure, arrow A represents that flue gas flow is toward the direction of air preheater;
Boiler tube has 2 groups, every group comprises many horizontal boiler tubes, every group of boiler tube comprises the radiator tube 6 that is positioned at the horizontally disposed convection tubes of convection chamber 5 and is positioned at the vertical layout in radiation chamber center, convection tubes 5 is connected through the outer transfer line of body of heater 1 with radiator tube 6, the entrance of convection tubes 5 is connected with oil product input tube 11, the outlet of radiator tube 6 is connected with coke drum by transfer line 18, and in figure, arrow B represents that the oil product after heating flows to the direction of coke drum;
6 one-tenth vertical single lying pipes of radiator tube are arranged in the radiation chamber center, radiator tube 6 lower part outlet pipeline section hole enlargements corresponding to some boiler tubes in every group of boiler tube, and for example the pipe external diameter of some radiator tubes 6 can be diffused into Φ 127 or be diffused into Φ 127 by Φ 102 by Φ 114; Enlarge simultaneously the tube spacing of radiator tube, tube spacing in each radiation chamber between the adjacent radiation pipe is set to 1.77-2.8 times of radiator tube external diameter, adopt the tube spacing technology of boiler tube hole enlargement and increasing boiler tube, reduced the hot strength circumferential asymmetry even coefficient of the nearly outlet section pyrocondensation of radiating furnace tube district boiler tube, reduce the relative coking factor, slow down condensation reaction, relatively can reduce tube skin temperature 10 ~ 20%;
certain position of front portion 3/4 pipeline section of radiator tube 6 is provided with light coker gas oil LCGO inlet, certain position of rear portion 1/4 pipeline section of radiator tube 6 is provided with heavy coker gas oil HCGO inlet, the LCGO inlet is connected with LCGO transfer lime 16, the HCGO inlet is connected with HCGO transfer lime 17, 3/4 pipeline section and rear 1/4 pipeline section inject coking or catalysis LGO and the HGO cut of appropriate relatively high (aromatic hydrocarbons+colloid)/(stable hydrocarbon+bituminous matter) ratio before radiator tube respectively, slow down and be heated oil product in boiler tube, especially manage the inner membrance temperature rise rate, relax coking trend.Again for example, for regulating the rate of injection of LCGO and HCGO, should on LCGO transfer lime, HCGO transfer lime, variable valve group 19 be set respectively, wherein, the LCGO that injects and HCGO are LGO and the HGO that coking or catalytic cracking produce;
The number of burner 7 is a plurality of, arranges in the boiler tube zygomorphy at radiant box will 4 centers respectively, and each burner 7 pastes furnace wall or arranges by furnace wall at the bottom of burner hearth with the mode of upwards burning both sides at the bottom of the radiant box will.For example, burner 7 can match with the furnace wall 13 of incline structure for double-row hole or many rounds inclination perforate burner tip structure, makes the burning of flame attached wall, improve the uniform distribution of temperature field of process furnace radiation chamber, improve the radiative transfer effect of process furnace radiation chamber.During concrete enforcement; no more than 16 of the number of the single burner that the suggestion WALL CLOTH is put; the normal flame height of single burner is that 1/3 burner hearth is high; be generally 2.5-3 rice; the both sides furnace wall of radiant box will bottom and the angle α of horizontal plane are between 75 ° to 85 °, and the both sides furnace wall on radiant box will top becomes 90 ° with the angle of horizontal plane.
above-described embodiment is for characteristic inferior and the ultralow recycle ratio operational condition of coking of furnace charge in coker, inject appropriate LCGO and HCGO to improve the ratio of (aromatic hydrocarbons+colloid)/(bituminous matter+stable hydrocarbon) at front 3/4 pipeline section of process furnace radiator tube and rear 1/4 pipeline section, improved processing medium stability in pipe, extended coke induction period, slowed down pipe inner membrance coking trend, extended the continuous cycle of operation of process furnace, namely improved the continuous cycle of operation of coker, reduce unplanned shutdown and burnt number of times, so it is obvious producing the Social benefit and economic benefit that brings to coker and full factory.
When being heated oil product temperature rise>1.5-2.5 ℃/day in radiating furnace tube, keeping in normal steam injection amount situation, front 3/4 section radiator tube injects appropriate LCGO cut, when temperature rise>1.5-2.5 ℃/day of rear 1/4 radiator tube heating oil product, keeping in normal steam injection amount situation, later 1/4 radiator tube injects appropriate HCGO cut, make the temperature rise of pipe inner membrance drop to<about 0.56 ℃/day.
To inject appropriate LCGO amount be at the steam injection amount 300-550kg/h situation LCGO150-250kg/h that makes a bet; The HCGO amount is annotated at the steam injection amount 300-550kg/h situation HCGO150-250kg/h that makes a bet in the present technique place.
For detecting the temperature variation of oil product in heating furnace tube, can also be provided with in the ingress of convection tubes 5 the first oil product temperature thermocouple 8, be provided with the second oil product temperature thermocouple 9 in the ingress of radiator tube 6, be provided with the 3rd oil product temperature thermocouple 10 in the exit of radiator tube 6, can in time detect like this temperature rise speed of oil product in boiler tube.
In addition, in order to detect the temperature variation of boiler tube, can also be outside equipped with 2 boiler tube surface thermocouples at convection tubes bottom tube wall, be provided with 8-10 boiler tube surface thermocouple on radiator tube entrance to the boiler tube up and down surface of outlet, can in time detect like this temperature rise speed of boiler tube.
For example, the ingress of convection tubes 5, the inlet end of radiator tube 6 and the exit end of radiator tube are respectively arranged with steam or condensed water inlet, steam or condensed water inlet be connected from outer steam for system or the pipeline 14 of condensed water.
For example, enter the charging viscosity of convection coil 5 interior low grade oilses for reduction, can also be provided with in the ingress of convection tubes 5 petroleum naphtha or diesel oil inlet, petroleum naphtha or diesel oil inlet be connected in order to the pipeline 15 of annotating petroleum naphtha or diesel oil, feed entrance at convection tubes 5 is injected appropriate benzoline, as petroleum naphtha, diesel oil etc., reduce the viscosity of charging.
Below for the process furnace in Fig. 1 embodiment being applied to the example of coker: the process furnace with domestic certain 1,200,000 ton/years of delayed coking unit is designed to example, adopts " equiflux heater is burnt in ' tubaeform ' bottom side of annotating stable distillate " of slow down coking trend.This type of furnace design conditions is the compound that the high harshness of this coking raw material: 76.4m% decompression deep drawing (>565 ℃) subtracts slag and 23.6m% catalytic slurry; The d of>565 ℃ of decompression deep drawing residual oil
20=1.0391g/cm
3, UopK=11.62, API=4.67, the residual C of health
R=24.20m%, viscosity ν
100=4539.5cst, C7 insolubles content=7.3m%, C/H atomic ratio=0.6621, its aromatic carbon rate fa=0.3024, so belong to the cycloalkyl raw material of difficult deep processing, coke forming property P value is greater than 566 ℃, Arabic heavy oil+the subtract P value of slag; And mix the catalytic slurry of 23.6m% in raw material, although increased aromaticity content in the coking furnace charging, increased the coking rate in coking yield and boiler tube, thereby had influence on the production cycle of process furnace operation, therefore, can adopt the design of process furnace in Fig. 1 embodiment.
the embodiment of this process furnace is: the attached wall burning double-side radiation type of furnace and expander footpath and increasing tube spacing design are burnt in the bottom side of " rectangular configuration on lower trapezoid " radiation chamber of the notes stability distillate of employing slow down coking trend, coking oil divides 4 tube sides successively through convection chamber with the feeding manner of " upper entering and lower leaving ", radiation chamber is warming up to temperature required (approximately 492-498 ℃), wherein every 2 radiation chambers share 1 convection chamber, can realize the online coke cleaning of another tube side under single tube journey 65-70% thermal load and on-line decoking and the mechanical decoking under the 55-65% thermal load.The burner that fuel gas is installed through furnace bottom side wall attached wall, combustion flame attached wall combustion heating furnace wall, combustion flame and high-temperature flue gas burn and upwards flow along " tubaeform " radiant box will attached wall of rectangle on lower trapezoid, institute's heat requirement is provided for the oil product that is heated in boiler tube, high-temperature flue gas pushes up through radiant box will and upwards flows into convection chamber, after preheating coking oil, flows to the further Mist heat recovering of air preheater through the associating flue, make furnace thermal efficiency reach 92.5%, last flue gas enters atmosphere via chimney.To be heated oil property in boiler tube in order improving, especially to move and be heated oil property in the later stage pipe, relax coking trend, extend the continuous cycle of operation of process furnace, adopt the Technology of annotating LCGO and HCGO cut.Inject appropriate LCGO and HCGO to improve aromatic hydrocarbons/bituminous matter ratio at front 3/4 pipeline section of process furnace radiation section and rear 1/4 pipeline section respectively, aromatic hydrocarbons+colloid/bituminous matter ratio, improve the stability that is heated oil product in pipe, and reduction condensation reaction rate, realization slows down pipe inner membrance coking trend, thereby extends continuous operating time.Embodiment is for when being heated oil product temperature rise>1.68 ℃/day in the forward and backward pipeline section of radiating furnace tube, keeping in steam injection amount situation, front 3/4 section radiator tube injects the LCGO cut, then 1/4 radiator tube injects the HCGO cut, can make in pipe the processing medium temperature rise ℃/day drop to from Δ T>1.68<about 0.56 ℃/day.Simultaneously, also can be according to the variation tendency of boiler tube inlet pressure and coil outlet temperature, especially radiator tube surface thermocouple temperature rise trend, judgement tube coking situation, the serious tube side of coking carried out online coke cleaning, on-line decoking in good time or stop half tube side and carry out the mechanical decoking operation, to guarantee the continuous long-term operation of coker.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of an embodiment, and the module in accompanying drawing or flow process might not be that enforcement the present invention is necessary.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: the module in the device in embodiment can be described according to embodiment and be distributed in the device of embodiment, also can carry out respective change and be arranged in the one or more devices that are different from the present embodiment.The module of above-described embodiment can be merged into a module, also can further split into a plurality of submodules.
It should be noted that at last: above embodiment only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those skilled in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme that previous embodiment is put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the spirit and scope of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.