CN106635125B - A kind of steam cracking method - Google Patents
A kind of steam cracking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106635125B CN106635125B CN201510716159.8A CN201510716159A CN106635125B CN 106635125 B CN106635125 B CN 106635125B CN 201510716159 A CN201510716159 A CN 201510716159A CN 106635125 B CN106635125 B CN 106635125B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/025—Oxidative cracking, autothermal cracking or cracking by partial combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
- C10G2300/1044—Heavy gasoline or naphtha having a boiling range of about 100 - 180 °C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to chemical fields, disclose a kind of steam cracking method, this method is implemented in pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace includes convection section and radiant section, the radiating furnace tube pipe row being made of multigroup one-way radiating furnace tube is vertically arranged in the radiant section, it is disposed with combustion bottom burner in the bottom of the radiant section, this method includes：Cracking stock is entered into radiant section after convection section is vaporized and is preheated and carries out cracking reaction, it is characterized in that, the one-way radiating furnace tube is the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube, and the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace is abnormally-structured furnace wall, to obtain one with the appropriate cycle of operation, high selectivity, the novel cleavage method that the thermal efficiency is high, low energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical fields, in particular it relates to a kind of steam cracking method.
Background technology
The low-carbon alkenes such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene are the important foundation raw materials of petro chemical industry.Currently, production low-carbon
The method of alkene is based on tube furnace cracking petroleum hydrocarbon vapor technique.According to statistics, about 99% ethylene, 50% or more in the world
The butadiene of propylene and 90% or more pass through the technique productions.
The core equipment of tube furnace cracking petroleum hydrocarbon vapor technique is tube cracking furnace (hereinafter referred to as " pyrolysis furnace "), cracking
When raw material such as ethane, propane, naphtha and hydrogenation tail oil are heated to high temperature in pyrolysis furnace, it may occur that carbochain fracture chemistry
Reaction generates low-carbon alkene such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene etc..It is both domestic and external study for a long period of time the result shows that, raw material hydro carbons is in height
It is advantageous under conditions of temperature, short residence time, low hydrocarbon partial pressure to generating alkene.
The core equipment of tube furnace cracking petroleum hydrocarbon vapor technique is tube cracking furnace (hereinafter referred to as " pyrolysis furnace "), cracking
When raw material such as ethane, propane, naphtha and hydrogenation tail oil are heated to high temperature in pyrolysis furnace, it may occur that carbochain fracture chemistry
Reaction generates low-carbon alkene such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene etc..But heat scission reaction process is sufficiently complex, in addition to purpose is produced
It outside object low-carbon alkene, while also occurring that the side reactions such as dehydrogenation, isomerization, cyclisation, overlapping and condensation, generates other by-products.
Therefore, how reaction condition is controlled, it is preferably at most the project that the field is studied always to make purpose product low-carbon alkene in reaction product.
It is both domestic and external study for a long period of time the result shows that, raw material hydro carbons is right under conditions of high temperature, short residence time, low hydrocarbon partial pressure
Alkene is generated to be advantageous.At the initial stage of reaction, from the aspect of pressure drop, since the conversion ratio of reaction is relatively low, tube fluid volume
Increase seldom, the linear velocity of tube fluid also increases seldom, and it is too many that smaller caliber will not cause pressure drop to increase, will not serious shadow
Average hydrocarbon partial pressure is rung to increase；From the aspect of calorific intensity, due to raw material steep temperature rise, amount of heat is absorbed, it requires calorific intensity
Greatly, smaller caliber can be such that specific surface area increases, to meet the requirements；In terms of coking trend, since conversion ratio is relatively low, secondary counter
Cannot should still it occur, coking rate is relatively low, and smaller caliber is also allowed.In the later stage of reaction, from the aspect of pressure drop, by
Higher in conversion ratio at this time, the increase of tube fluid volume is more, meanwhile, the linear velocity of fluid also steeply rises, compared with Large Diameter Pipeline ratio
Relatively it is suitble to；From the aspect of calorific intensity, since conversion ratio is higher, calorific intensity starts to reduce, and larger caliber will not notable shadow
Ring heat-transfer effect；From the aspect of coking trend, since conversion ratio is higher, secondary response is more, and coking rate increases, larger stove
Pipe caliber can ensure that boiler tube is unobstructed and is unlikely to cause too big pressure drop.In conclusion in general, we can split in design
Entrance (initial reaction stage) when solving boiler tube in cracking furnace pipe uses smaller caliber, in the outlet of cracking furnace pipe using larger
Caliber.
In order to realize that the target of " high temperature, short residence time and low hydrocarbon partial pressure ", the new boiler tube of nearly all configuration are all made of
The method for shortening pipe range, as pipe range is shortened to two-way 25m or so by lummus companies by eight journey 73m；Shi Wei companies are by pipe range
Two-way 21m is changed to by quadruple pass 45m；Pipe range is shortened to two-way 23m by KTI companies by quadruple pass 46m, and the residence time is also therewith by 0.5s
It is reduced to 0.15~0.25s above, and the pipe range of boiler tube is even reduced to 12m or more by KBR companies, the residence time is reduced to
0.1s or less.
Shorten the pressure drop that pipe range also reduces material in boiler tube simultaneously, pressure drop is reduced to by original 0.15MPa or so
0.04MPa is lower, since hydrocarbon partial pressure declines, makes selective raising, but shortens pipe range also to bring heat transfer area insufficient
Disadvantage.
Patent CN100338182C proposes a kind of pyrolysis furnace of boiler tube with one-way reducing diameter, which includes：Furnace body, high pressure
Drum, convection section, boiler tube, burner, combustion chamber, waste heat boiler, it is characterized in that its boiler tube with one-way reducing diameter is vertical furnace tube, and its
The internal diameter of outlet end is more than the internal diameter of input end.
Patent CN101062881B proposes a kind of ethane cracking furnace of novel configured single-stroke furnace tube, which equally wraps
HP steam drum, convection section, radiant coil, burner, radiant section, quenching boiler are included, it is characterized in that the vertical reducing of each one way
The outlet end internal diameter of boiler tube is more than arrival end internal diameter, and multiple boiler tubes, which are connected on concetrated pipe, becomes a nest of boiler tube, at each
Concetrated pipe in the nest of boiler tube is all horizontally disposed.The patent among reducing boiler tube by being arranged bend loss and boiler tube entrance
Flex connector before improves the thermal stress situation after boiler tube is heated, avoids the bending of boiler tube.
Patent CN10169012B proposes a kind of ethane cracking furnace of one-way radiating furnace tube, the pyrolysis furnace include radiant section,
Convection section, quenching boiler, concetrated pipe and distribution pipe, one end of distribution pipe is connected to the concetrated pipe for being located at pyrolysis furnace lower part, another
End connection radiating furnace tube.Its goal of the invention is that volume utilizes boiler tube space to greatest extent, reduces geometric dimension and the occupation of land of pyrolysis furnace
Area；The boiler tube of its adjacent sets is in symmetrical structure, so that boiler tube is heated evenly, extends the cycle of operation；Due to its all-radiant furnace
Pipe is arranged in radiant section in two rows of, therefore it uses bend pipe to connect, to mitigate crooking of the tubes degree.
How the one way boiler tube that the focus of above-mentioned patent all concentrates in pyrolysis furnace radiant section is designed and is arranged to ensure
One way boiler tube is not distorted deformation under burner hearth high temperature, while can be rapidly heated within the extremely short residence time.That is,
These patents are only absorbed in the improvement on boiler tube configuration to adapt to the high temperature and short residence time of pyrolysis furnace.
For one way boiler tube, since residence time of the material in boiler tube is very short, generally, it is considered that material is entering list
It to be rapidly heated after journey boiler tube, i.e. the calorific intensity of one way boiler tube intake section is larger, can just make material after entering boiler tube in this way
It is rapidly heated, the heating load and tube wall temperature of one way boiler tube back segment can be reduced accordingly in this way, to reduce the coking of back segment,
Extend the cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace.Therefore, one way boiler tube often uses in design the small outlet end caliber of arrival end caliber big
Design, in this way in arrival end, temperature of charge is low, and coking rate is slow, but the heat flux needed is big, is designed with and is conducive to using pipe with small pipe diameter
Diabatic process；In outlet end, temperature of charge is high, and coking rate is fast, and boiler tube pressure drop is high, is conducive to the control of pressure drop using Large Diameter Pipeline
System.In the design of above-mentioned one way boiler tube, boiler tube side is only considered, without considering burner hearth side, that is to say, that burner hearth
The characteristics of not fine consideration of interior radiant heat transfer process is to adapt to one way boiler tube.
From the point of view of cracking furnace tube, amount of heat is absorbed due to raw material steep temperature rise at the initial stage of reaction, so
It is required that calorific intensity is big, more smaller caliber can be such that specific surface area increases, to meet the requirements；In the later stage of reaction, due to turning
Rate is higher, and calorific intensity starts to reduce, and less larger caliber is not significantly affected by heat-transfer effect.In conclusion general
For, more smaller caliber is used in the entrance (initial reaction stage) of cracking furnace pipe when designing cracking furnace pipe, in pyrolysis furnace
The outlet of pipe uses the caliber of less larger (i.e. last stage reaction).
From the point of view of pyrolysis furnace burner hearth, the heat that cracking furnace tube reaction needs all is provided by burner hearth, in pyrolysis furnace
Burner hearth in, fuel gas (mainly methane and hydrogen) burning provides heat, these heats by radiant heat transfer and convection current conduct heat into
Enter boiler tube, wherein radiant heat transfer is main heat transfer type, accounts for 85% of total heat transfer or more.And pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace
Influenced by Various Complex factor, such as the structure snd size of burner hearth, the type of fuel and heat-supplying mode, burner type
Deng.Pyrolysis furnace traditional at present uses the furnace wall of ceramic fibre or refractory brick as pyrolysis furnace, the height to be burnt using fuel gas
The radiant heat transfer of warm flue gas and furnace wall heats the reaction mass in pyrolysis furnace radiating furnace tube, and the furnace wall of pyrolysis furnace is all adopted
With smooth furnace wall structure, for the angle of radiant heat transfer, the intake section and outlet of the radiation of pyrolysis furnace furnace wall to boiler tube
Part is the same.
Current pyrolysis furnace Heat Transfer in Furnace process has following two, first, pyrolysis furnace Heat Transfer in Furnace area is insufficient,
Pyrolysis furnace Heat Transfer in Furnace process is mainly radiant heat transfer, and radiant heat transfer amount depends primarily on the heat transfer area of radiating surface.For stove
For pipe, external surface area also determines substantially when pyrolysis furnace ability determines, and increases outer surface of furnace tube product due to boiler tube valence
Lattice are expensive and cause cost very high.For furnace wall, the shape of surface area and burner hearth size and furnace wall has relationship.Second is that cracking
No matter stove furnace wall radiant heat transfer is arranged or is gone out for inlet tube without any difference, the i.e. furnace wall of pyrolysis furnace for boiler tube pipe row
Mouthful pipe arranges that its heat transfer area is consistent, and also the same for the small region in the big region of heat flux and heat flux, this can cause to crack
Stove local heating is uneven, to cause boiler tube local temperature excessively high, reduces the cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace.
Therefore, how from the aspect of pyrolysis furnace burner hearth and boiler tube design two, overcome pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace with
The problem of cracking furnace tube does not match that provides a kind of steam cracking method, and obtaining one has the appropriate cycle of operation, selectivity
Novel cleavage method high, that the thermal efficiency is high, low energy consumption also needs to further R and D.
Invention content
Cause to steam the purpose of the invention is to overcome pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace not match that with cracking furnace tube
The problem of cycle of operation in vapour cracking process is short, selectivity is low, the thermal efficiency is low, high energy consumption, the present invention provides a kind of steam
Cleavage method.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of steam cracking method, and this method is implemented in pyrolysis furnace, described
Pyrolysis furnace includes convection section and radiant section, and the all-radiant furnace being made of multigroup one-way radiating furnace tube is vertically arranged in the radiant section
Pipe pipe is arranged, and is disposed with combustion bottom burner in the bottom of the radiant section, this method includes：Cracking stock is subjected to vapour in convection section
Change and enter radiant section after preheating and carry out cracking reaction, wherein the one-way radiating furnace tube is the reducing stove with twisted slice tube
The furnace wall of pipe and the pyrolysis furnace is abnormally-structured furnace wall.
The present inventor it has been investigated that, by the one-way radiating furnace tube be the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube,
And the radiant heat transfer area by increasing pyrolysis furnace inner of the boiler chamber wall, the firing rate of pyrolysis furnace is greatly reduced, and logical
It crosses from the aspect of pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace and one-way radiating furnace tube design two, provides a kind of raising pyrolysis furnace burner hearth
The method of radiant heat transfer so that the heat absorption demand of cracking furnace tube is consistent with pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace heat supply, to
To one with the appropriate cycle of operation, high selectivity, the novel cleavage method that the thermal efficiency is high, low energy consumption.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing is to be used to provide further understanding of the present invention, an and part for constitution instruction, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that method using the present invention carries out steam cracking；
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of waved surface structural type furnace wall；
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of concave-convex relief fabric type furnace wall.
Reference sign
1, wind turbine 2, convection section
3, radiating furnace tube pipe is arranged
4, combustion system
5, radiant section 6, quenching boiler
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below.It should be understood that described herein specific
Embodiment is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to restrict the invention.
The present invention provides a kind of steam cracking method, this method is implemented in pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis furnace includes convection current
Section and radiant section the radiating furnace tube pipe row being made of multigroup one-way radiating furnace tube are vertically arranged in the radiant section, described
The bottom of radiant section is disposed with combustion bottom burner, and this method includes：Cracking stock in convection section is vaporized and is preheated is laggard
Enter radiant section and carry out cracking reaction, wherein the one-way radiating furnace tube is reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube and described splits
The furnace wall for solving stove is abnormally-structured furnace wall.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the cracking stock are not particularly limited, it is preferable that the cracking stock
Can be at least one of ethane, propane, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha and hydrogenation tail oil；It is preferred that the cracking stock is stone
Cerebrol.
Cracking stock is entered radiant section by steam cracking method according to the present invention after convection section is vaporized and is preheated
Carry out cracking reaction, wherein temperature, that is, pyrolysis furnace of cracking stock convection section preheating does not limit specifically across temperature (XOT)
It is fixed, can be the conventional selection of those skilled in the art, preferably 550-630 DEG C, the radiant section outlet temperature (COT) of pyrolysis furnace
Be not particularly limited, can be those skilled in the art conventional selection, preferably 820-860 DEG C.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the one-way radiating furnace tube can be the reducing stove with twisted slice tube
Pipe, in the present invention it is possible to gradual change caliber be bored using boring machine, and keep the bore of the arrival end of the one-way radiating furnace tube small
There is distortion plate shape simultaneously in bore in outlet end, the one-way radiating furnace tube.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the bore of the outlet end of the one-way radiating furnace tube with enter
The ratio of the bore at mouth end can be more than 1 and to be less than or equal to 1.4, preferably 1.1-1.3.Wherein, " bore " refers to list
Diameter inside the nozzle of stroke radiation furnace tube.
The bore of steam cracking method according to the present invention, the outlet end of the one-way radiating furnace tube can be 35mm-
65mm, preferably 45mm-60mm.
The bore of steam cracking method according to the present invention, the arrival end of the one-way radiating furnace tube can be 25mm-
50mm, preferably 35mm-45mm.
The arrival end of steam cracking method according to the present invention, boiler tube is connect with concetrated pipe, and by venturi or its
He carries out evenly distributing for material by distributor；The outlet end of boiler tube is connected with waste heat boiler.
The furnace wall of steam cracking method according to the present invention, the inlet tube institute face of the one-way radiating furnace tube can be different
Type structure furnace wall, to increase swept area, and the furnace wall of the outlet institute face of the one-way radiating furnace tube is flat configuration stove
Wall, the principle to reduce swept area is arranged, the highest tube wall temperature of the cracking furnace tube can be reduced in this way, to be conducive to
Pyrolysis furnace long-term operation.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the abnormally-structured furnace wall are waved surface structural type furnace wall, bumps
Lie prostrate one or more in structural type furnace wall and column dispersed structure furnace wall, preferably waved surface structural type furnace wall or bumps
Relief fabric type furnace wall；Also, the abnormally-structured furnace wall direction is consistent with pyrolysis furnace flow of flue gas direction, reduces due to furnace wall
The increase of flue gas pressure drop caused by abnormally-structured.
The swept area increment rate of steam cracking method according to the present invention, the abnormally-structured furnace wall is 1.05-1.4,
Preferably 1.1-1.4；In the present invention, the term " swept area increment rate " be abnormally-structured furnace wall actual surface area with
The ratio of its planimetric area when plane furnace wall (i.e.).
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the ratio that the area of the abnormally-structured furnace wall accounts for total furnace wall area are
10-80 area %, preferably 30-60 areas %, and the abnormally-structured furnace wall is located at the 1/2-5/6 of pyrolysis furnace furnace height
Locate, at preferably 1/2-2/3.
In general, abnormally-structured furnace wall does not use within the scope of the flame height of pyrolysis furnace combustion system, reason is：
The combustion position of the flame of pyrolysis furnace combustion system is related to the troubled water of its fuel gas and air, if using abnormally-structured
Furnace wall, it will the mixing for influencing fuel gas and air, to influence the normal shape of flame, and then the heat of change burning system
Flux Distribution influences the operation of pyrolysis furnace.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the combustion bottom burner is in radiating furnace tube pipe row
The heating load of material accounts for the 60-90% of gross heat input, further preferably 70-85%；Wherein, in the present invention, the term
" gross heat input " refers to that the combustion bottom burner burns to the heating load of the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row and the side wall
Summation of the device to the heating load of the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the pyrolysis furnace can also include HP steam drum, combustion system and chilling pot
Stove, wherein including but not limited to methane or methane, hydrogen mixture may be used as fuel in the combustion system of pyrolysis furnace,
In the present invention, air or oxygen-enriched air may be used as combustion-supporting gas；Preferably, using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting gas,
To reduce nitrogen content, fuel is saved；And steam cracking method according to the present invention, in the oxygen-enriched air, the body of oxygen
Fraction can be 22%-60%, preferably 25%-40%, more preferably 27%-33%；Wherein, the oxygen-enriched air can be with
It is obtained using pressure-variable adsorption or film osmosis.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, it is preferable that can also be disposed in the tube chamber of the one-way radiating furnace tube
Enhanced heat transfer component, in favor of heat transfer.The enhanced heat transfer component is not particularly limited, and can be the normal of those skilled in the art
Rule selection, in the present invention, the enhanced heat transfer component can be selected from flight plug-in part, twisted strip plug-in part, intersect zigzag
It is plug-in part, coil core plug-in part, one or more in filigree porous body and pellet base plug-in part；Further preferably
Ground can be disposed with identical or different enhanced heat transfer component in the tube chamber of the one-way radiating furnace tube；It is further excellent
Selection of land can be disposed with different enhanced heat transfer component in the tube chamber of the one-way radiating furnace tube.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the combustion bottom burner can be arranged in the two of the radiating furnace tube pipe row
Side；Preferably, radiant wall burner, the side wall burning can also be disposed on the side wall of the radiant section of the tube cracking furnace
Device is arranged in the both sides of the radiating furnace tube pipe row；Thus, in the present invention, the combustion system of pyrolysis furnace can only have bottom combustion
Burner is made of combustion bottom burner and radiant wall burner, and combustion bottom burner and radiant wall burner are distributed in all-radiant furnace in burner hearth
The both sides of pipe pipe row.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the combustion bottom burner can be in the both sides pair that the radiating furnace tube pipe is arranged
Claim arrangement, the radiant wall burner that can be symmetrically arranged in the both sides that the radiating furnace tube pipe is arranged.
Preferably, the combustion bottom burner and the radiant wall burner arrange symmetrical row each along the radiating furnace tube pipe
Row.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the number of combustion bottom burner corresponding with one-way radiating furnace tube described in every group
Mesh can be 2-8, preferably 3-6.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, when the tube cracking furnace also has radiant wall burner, with every group of institute
The number for stating the corresponding radiant wall burner of one-way radiating furnace tube can be 2-16, preferably 4-10.
Steam cracking method according to the present invention, the combustion bottom burner and the radiant wall burner may be used but not
It is limited to the mixture of methane or methane and hydrogen as fuel.
It below will the present invention will be described in detail by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment indicates that method using the present invention carries out steam cracking.
Cracking reaction is carried out using steam cracking schematic diagram shown in FIG. 1, detailed process includes：
This method is implemented in the pyrolysis furnace containing wind turbine 1 and quenching boiler 6, and the pyrolysis furnace includes convection section 2 and spoke
Section 5 is penetrated, 60 DEG C of cracking stock naphtha is entered after convection section 2 is vaporized and preheats by three groups of one-way radiating furnace tubes
The radiating furnace tube pipe row 3 of composition carries out cracking reactions, wherein temperature, that is, pyrolysis furnace that naphtha is preheated in convection section across temperature
It is 598 DEG C to spend (XOT), and the radiant section outlet temperature (COT) of pyrolysis furnace is 841 DEG C；
Wherein, the radiating furnace tube pipe row 3 being made of three groups of one-way radiating furnace tubes is vertically arranged in radiant section, and in institute
The bottom for stating radiant section is disposed with 12 combustion bottom burners, has 36 radiant wall burners, spoke in the side arrangement of the radiant section
The combustion system 4 of section 5 is penetrated using combustion bottom burner and radiant wall burner combination, combustion bottom burner is in radiating furnace tube pipe row
The heat supply of material account for the 80% of gross heat input；Use air as combustion-supporting gas, and the oxygen concentration contained in the air
For 21 volume % (V/V)；
Wherein, radiant coil 3 uses one way boiler tube, and the one-way radiating furnace tube is the reducing stove with twisted slice tube
Pipe, and the entrance caliber of boiler tube is 41mm, the outlet caliber of boiler tube is 53mm, and boiler tube pipe range is 12.8m, into upper under boiler tube use
Go out；Then through 6 selective collection pyrolysis product of quenching boiler；
Wherein, the pyrolysis furnace furnace wall uses waved surface structural type furnace wall shown in Fig. 2, abnormally-structured in burner hearth
Furnace wall is located at more than half of the height of burner hearth, and the radiating surface of abnormally-structured furnace wall is against boiler tube intake section, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, institute
The swept area increment rate for stating abnormally-structured furnace wall is 1.1.
Other technological parameters of pyrolysis furnace are as shown in table 1；
Learn that the composition of pyrolysis furnace fuel gas is as shown in table 2 by carrying out analysis to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas.
Comparative example 1
Steam cracking is carried out in the same manner as shown in Example 1, the difference is that the pyrolysis furnace furnace wall is using biography
The flat configuration furnace wall of system；
As a result as it can be seen from table 1 using flat configuration furnace wall, the fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace is 7050Nm3/ h, cracking
The cycle of operation of stove is 31 days.
Table 1
Table 2
| Component | Mol% |
| Hydrogen | 3.6 |
| Methane | 95.8 |
| Ethane | 0.23 |
| Propane | 0.08 |
| Other | 0.29 |
| It is total | 100.00 |
As a result as it can be seen from table 1 after using abnormally-structured furnace wall, since the radiant heat transfer area of burner hearth increases, cracking
The fuel gas dosage of stove reduces, and is mutually matched with one-way radiating furnace tube using the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube,
7050Nm of the fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace from comparative example 13/ h is reduced to 6972Nm3/ h, fuel gas have saved about 1.8%；Together
When, the cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace also extended to 42 days from the 31 of comparative example 1 days, this is because being inhaled in boiler tube arrival end cracking reaction
Heat increases, the calorific intensity relative reduction at coil outlet end, is reduced so as to cause pyrolysis furnace highest tube wall temperature, pyrolysis furnace fortune
Row cycle stretch-out.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment indicates that method using the present invention carries out steam cracking.
Steam cracking is carried out in the same manner as shown in Example 1.
Except that：
Radiant coil uses one way boiler tube, and the one-way radiating furnace tube is the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube, and
The entrance caliber of boiler tube is 35mm, and the outlet caliber of boiler tube is 45mm, and boiler tube pipe range is 12.8m, and boiler tube uses bottom in and top out；So
By quenching boiler selective collection pyrolysis product；And
The pyrolysis furnace furnace wall uses concave-convex relief fabric type furnace wall shown in Fig. 3, the abnormally-structured furnace wall in burner hearth
Positioned at more than half of the height of burner hearth, and it is arranged on the furnace wall of inlet tube institute face of the one-way radiating furnace tube, and institute
The furnace wall for stating the outlet institute face of one-way radiating furnace tube is flat configuration furnace wall；
The swept area increment rate of COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, the abnormally-structured furnace wall is 1.3.
Other technological parameters of pyrolysis furnace are as shown in table 3；
Learn that the composition of pyrolysis furnace fuel gas is as shown in table 2 by carrying out analysis to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas.
Comparative example 2
Steam cracking is carried out in the same manner as shown in Example 1.
Except that：
The one-way radiating furnace tube is not the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube, the entrance caliber of boiler tube and the outlet of boiler tube
Caliber is 45mm；
And use flat configuration furnace wall.
As a result as can be seen from Table 3：
The fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace is 7050Nm3The cycle of operation of/h, pyrolysis furnace are 31 days.
Table 3
As a result from table 3 it can be seen that after using abnormally-structured furnace wall, since the radiant heat transfer area of burner hearth increases, cracking
The fuel gas dosage of stove reduces；And be mutually matched with the one-way radiating furnace tube using the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube,
7050Nm of the fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace from comparative example 23/ h is reduced to 6890Nm3/ h, has saved fuel gas；Meanwhile pyrolysis furnace
The cycle of operation also extended to 45 days from the 31 of comparative example 2 days；Increase this is because recepting the caloric in boiler tube arrival end cracking reaction,
Calorific intensity relative reduction at coil outlet end reduces so as to cause pyrolysis furnace highest tube wall temperature, and the pyrolysis furnace cycle of operation prolongs
It is long.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment indicates that method using the present invention carries out steam cracking.
Steam cracking is carried out in the same manner as shown in Example 1, the difference is that radiant coil uses one way stove
Pipe, and the one-way radiating furnace tube is the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube, and the entrance caliber of boiler tube is 45mm, boiler tube goes out
Mouth caliber is 49.5mm, and boiler tube pipe range is 12.8m, and boiler tube uses bottom in and top out；Then it is cracked through quenching boiler selective collection
Product；And
The pyrolysis furnace furnace wall uses waved surface structural type furnace wall shown in Fig. 2, the abnormally-structured furnace wall in burner hearth
Positioned at more than half of the height of burner hearth, it is arranged on the furnace wall of inlet tube institute face of the one-way radiating furnace tube, and it is described
The furnace wall of the outlet institute face of one-way radiating furnace tube is flat configuration furnace wall, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, the spoke of the abnormally-structured furnace wall
It is 1.05 to penetrate area increment rate.
Comparative example 3
Steam cracking is carried out in the same manner as shown in Example 1, the difference is that the pyrolysis furnace furnace wall is using figure
Waved surface structural type furnace wall shown in 2 is arranged on the furnace wall of inlet tube institute face of the one-way radiating furnace tube, and described
The furnace wall of the outlet institute face of one-way radiating furnace tube is also waved surface structural type furnace wall, and COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING is described abnormally-structured
The swept area increment rate of furnace wall is 1.5.
As a result from table 4, it can be seen that the furnace wall by the inlet tube institute face of the one-way radiating furnace tube and the one way
The furnace wall of the outlet institute face of radiating furnace tube is waved surface structural type furnace wall, and the fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace is
7035Nm3The cycle of operation of/h, pyrolysis furnace are 31 days.
Table 4
Other technological parameters of pyrolysis furnace are as shown in table 4；It is learnt by carrying out analysis to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas, pyrolysis furnace combustion
Expect that the composition of gas is as shown in table 2.As a result from table 4, it can be seen that after using oxygen-enriched combusting, due to the nitrogen entrained by combustion oxygen
Amount reduces, and the fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace reduces；And after using abnormally-structured furnace wall, since the radiant heat transfer area of burner hearth increases
Add, the fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace reduces, and the phase with the one-way radiating furnace tube using the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube
Mutually matching, the 7035Nm of the fuel gas dosage of pyrolysis furnace from comparative example 33/ h is reduced to 6982Nm3/ h, has saved fuel gas；Together
When, the cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace also extended to 44 days from the 31 of comparative example 3 days, this is because being inhaled in boiler tube arrival end cracking reaction
Heat increases, the calorific intensity relative reduction at coil outlet end, is reduced so as to cause pyrolysis furnace highest tube wall temperature, pyrolysis furnace fortune
Row cycle stretch-out.
It was found from the data in above example 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 and table 1-4：The present inventor pass through by
The one-way radiating furnace tube is the reducing boiler tube with twisted slice tube, and the radiation by increasing pyrolysis furnace inner of the boiler chamber wall
Heat transfer area, greatly reduces the firing rate of pyrolysis furnace, and by from pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace and one-way radiating furnace tube
From the aspect of design two, a kind of method improving pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace is provided, and using tube cracking furnace
The selectivity that superelevation can be obtained when preparing the low-carbon alkenes such as ethylene, propylene and butadiene, it is a kind of with superelevation to obtain
The cleavage method of selectivity, and at the same time the fortune that the thermal efficiency of pyrolysis furnace can also be effectively improved, energy consumption is reduced, increase pyrolysis furnace
The row period.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail can carry out a variety of simple variants to technical scheme of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, this
A little simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case of shield, can be combined by any suitable means, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
The combination of energy no longer separately illustrates.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. a kind of steam cracking method, this method are implemented in pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace includes convection section and radiant section, described
The radiating furnace tube pipe row being made of multigroup one-way radiating furnace tube is vertically arranged in radiant section, is arranged in the bottom of the radiant section
There are the combustion bottom burner, this method to include：Cracking stock is cracked after convection section is vaporized and is preheated into radiant section
Reaction, which is characterized in that the one-way radiating furnace tube is the furnace wall of reducing boiler tube and the pyrolysis furnace with twisted slice tube
For abnormally-structured furnace wall；
Wherein, the furnace wall of the inlet tube institute face of the one-way radiating furnace tube is abnormally-structured furnace wall, and the one-way radiating furnace
The furnace wall of the outlet institute face of pipe is flat configuration furnace wall.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the bore of the outlet end of the one-way radiating furnace tube and arrival end
The ratio of bore is more than 1 and to be less than or equal to 1.4.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, wherein, the bore of the outlet end of the one-way radiating furnace tube and arrival end
The ratio of bore is 1.1-1.3.
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bore of the outlet end of the one-way radiating furnace tube is 35mm-
65mm；The bore of the arrival end of the one-way radiating furnace tube is 25mm-50mm.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, wherein, the bore of the outlet end of the one-way radiating furnace tube is 45mm-
60mm；The bore of the arrival end of the one-way radiating furnace tube is 35mm-45mm.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the abnormally-structured furnace wall is waved surface structural type furnace wall, bumps
It is one or more in relief fabric type furnace wall and column dispersed structure furnace wall.
7. method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the swept area increment rate of the abnormally-structured furnace wall is 1.05-
1.4。
8. according to the method described in claim 7, wherein, the swept area increment rate of the abnormally-structured furnace wall is 1.1-1.4.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, wherein, the ratio that the area of the abnormally-structured furnace wall accounts for total furnace wall area is
10-80 area %, and the abnormally-structured furnace wall is located at the 1/2-5/6 of pyrolysis furnace furnace height.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, wherein, the area of the abnormally-structured furnace wall accounts for the ratio of total furnace wall area
For 30-60 area %, and the abnormally-structured furnace wall is located at the 1/2-5/6 of pyrolysis furnace furnace height.
11. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the combustion bottom burner is to the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row
Heating load account for the 60-90% of gross heat input.
12. according to the method for claim 11, wherein the combustion bottom burner is to the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row
Heating load account for the 70-85% of gross heat input.
13. the method according to claim 1 or 12, wherein there also is provided on the side wall of the radiant section of the pyrolysis furnace
Radiant wall burner, the combustion bottom burner and the radiant wall burner are arranged each along the radiating furnace tube pipe and are symmetrically arranged.
14. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the bottom combustion corresponding with one-way radiating furnace tube described in every group
The number of burner is 2-8.
15. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the bottom combustion corresponding with one-way radiating furnace tube described in every group
The number of burner is 3-6.
16. according to the method for claim 13, wherein the side wall combustion corresponding with one-way radiating furnace tube described in every group
The number of burner is 2-16.
17. according to the method for claim 16, wherein the side wall combustion corresponding with one-way radiating furnace tube described in every group
The number of burner is 4-10.
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| CN1766042A (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cracking furnace of boiler tube with one-way reducing diameter |
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| CN1766042A (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cracking furnace of boiler tube with one-way reducing diameter |
| CN101619012A (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2010-01-06 | 惠生工程（中国）有限公司 | One-way radiating furnace tube ethane cracking furnace |
| CN102050696A (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Cracking furnace for cracking hydrocarbon steam to prepare ethylene |
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