CN107619070A - Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical - Google Patents
Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107619070A CN107619070A CN201710954520.XA CN201710954520A CN107619070A CN 107619070 A CN107619070 A CN 107619070A CN 201710954520 A CN201710954520 A CN 201710954520A CN 107619070 A CN107619070 A CN 107619070A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- active oxygen
- heavy metal
- oxygen radical
- seawater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the additive that reduction heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical, additive is made up of following part by weight composition：Glycerine 5.0 7.0%, yeast base 3.0 3.5%, trace metal ion 1.8 2.2%, biotin 0.5 1.0%, accelerator 0.5 1.0%, water, surplus；The trace metal ion is sodium chloride, calcium chloride, one kind of sodium molybdate；It is 8.0 8.2 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer.Using the additive of the present invention, obtained Crassostrea rivularis, software part colours are pure white, black portions or stain are few；And from the angle of mouthfeel, such as it is steamed after, fine and tender taste is smooth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, more particularly to reduce heavy metal seawater and big oyster active oxygen radical is damaged
Harmful additive.
Background technology
Heavy metal is a kind of typical environmental contaminants, and the source of Heavy Metals In Environment is mainly chemical industry, mining, gold
The industries such as category is smelted and processed, plating, steamer manufacture, and agricultural insecticide, sanitary sewage and rubbish diffusate etc..For life
For object, significant toxicity can be just produced when containing low concentration lead in tissue to organism, organism can produce oxidation should
Swash reaction, influence the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of cell, it is therefore desirable to which antioxidant system resists issuable cellular damage.
Crassostrea rivularis (Crassostrea rivularis), also known as big oyster, raw oyster, are the marine products rare greatly of Guangxi Qinzhou four
One of, meat can be eaten raw, can also be processed into dried oyster, oyster sauce.Big oyster oyster meat be high protein, low fat, delicious flavour have it is very high
The aquatic products of nutrition and health care function, oyster meat protein content is nutritious more than 40%, delicious flavour, is known as " marine ox
The title of milk ", while can also be used as medicine.Big oyster meat is rich in taurine, can promote human brain development.Crassostrea rivularis is that the main oyster in China is supported
One of species is grown, belongs to brackish water species, is mainly distributed on the numerous river mouth areas of the South China coastal.Crassostrea rivularis is nutritious, its
Artificial farming is concentrated mainly on Guangdong, Guangxi and the band of Fujian one.Oyster belongs to natural marine product, and the algae in seawater is eaten mainly by filter
Class is earned a living, and cultivation risk is relatively low, production is easily managed, technology is easy to grasp.In recent years, raw oyster cultivation is sent out from beach toward shallow sea
Exhibition, constantly risen from inserting to support toward hanging culture mode development, finished product oyster per mu yield, become the pillar industry of China's Coastal Areas,
Coastal fisherman's increased income has effectively been driven to get rich.
Catalase (CAT), is the enzyme that catalyzing hydrogen peroxide resolves into oxygen and water, is present in the peroxidase precursor of cell
It is interior.Catalase is a kind of enzyme scavenger, also known as catalase, is the desmoenzyme using ferriporphyrin as prothetic group.It can promote H2O2
Molecular oxygen and water are decomposed into, removes internal hydrogen peroxide, so that cell protects against H2O2Murder by poisoning, be biophylaxis body
One of key enzyme of system.Catalase is the marker enzyme of peroxisome, accounts for the 40% of peroxisome enzyme total amount.
Catalase is present in each tissue of all known animals, especially exists in liver with high concentration.Hydrogen peroxide
Enzyme is present in the peroxidating body in red blood cell and some tissues, and its main function is exactly to be catalyzed H2O2It is decomposed into H2O2With O2,
So that H2O2It is unlikely to and O2Reaction generates very harmful-OH under iron chelate effect.Catalase is that body is anti-oxidant
Very crucial a kind of non-specific antioxidase in system, superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalytic activity oxygen freedom can be removed
H caused by base2O2, it is converted into the H nontoxic to body2O、O2, the latter and SOD collective effects can make body from oxygen from
By the attack of base.
Because Crassostrea rivularis lives in estuary region, constantly there is fresh water through this person who lives in exile ocean, along with tide, wave etc.
Influenceing, acute variation often occurs for the living environment of Crassostrea rivularis, and Crassostrea rivularis can be moved unlike other marine organisms,
It can go after profits and advoid disadvantages, and be integrally fixed on rock or other objects and live, thus Crassostrea rivularis itself forms a series of replies
The adaptation mechanism of environment-stress, it is the good material for research environment stress response.Heavy metal is rich in marine organisms body
Collection, which can induce, produces substantial amounts of active oxygen radical, such as H2O2、O2 -, OH etc., enter internal disease to help body to remove
Original, but excessive active oxygen can cause the lipidization degree of organism inner cell film according to active oxygen that is fast, destroying in organism
Balance, and then cause the oxidative damage of organism.Now, organism is the injury for avoiding active oxygen to own cells, can be automatic
Swash intravital oxidative stress system -- Antioxidative Defense System, body Antioxidative Defense System is to ensure Heavy Metal Contamination Stress
Caused by active oxygen balance important regulation system, thus be often used as monitor marine sediment thing biomarker candidate
Thing.Regoli etc. is pointed out, in the oxidative stress path of marine organisms, CAT is to prevent active oxygen species from forming essential point
Son.CAT main function is exactly to be catalyzed H2O2It is decomposed into H2O、O2So that H2O2It is unlikely to and O2Reacted under iron chelate effect
Generate very harmful OH.It is necessary how research reduces the infringement of Crassostrea rivularis active oxygen radical.
The content of the invention
The invention provides the additive that reduction heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical, it is male to be added to nearly river
In the growing environment of oyster (big oyster), it can effectively reduce Crassostrea rivularis and be damaged by active oxygen radical.
Reduce the additive that is damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical of heavy metal seawater, the additive by following part by weight into
Divide and be made：
The trace metal ion is sodium chloride, calcium chloride, one kind of sodium molybdate；
It is 8.0-8.2 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
1) Feedstock treating：By honeysuckle and Herba Andrographitis according to etc. mixing, clean, drying, crushing again；
2) Steam explosion treatment：The material that step 1) is obtained is put into steam blasting tank, burst pressure 3.0-3.5Mpa, protects
The pressure time maintains 150-200s；
3) distillation is handled：The material that step 2) is obtained is put into distiller, in distiller bottom, heats burning or is passed through steaming
Vapour, when hot steam is filled in distiller, vapor is introduced into condenser, then pass through water-oil separating by condenser pipe
Device, collect essential oil；
4) high-shear homogenizing machine is handled：The essential oil that step 3) is obtained is handled by high-shear homogenizing machine, linear velocity 30-
40m/s, time 3-5min, nano-emulsion is made, and is obtained with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
Water of the present invention meets pharmaceutical industry standard.
Honeysuckle of the present invention and the usage amount of Herba Andrographitis, the volume after preferably crushing is equivalent to steam blasting tank volume
1/4-1/3.
It is further preferred that the additive is made up of following part by weight composition：
It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer.
The usage amount of additive of the present invention, preferably 0.03-0.10% (w/w seawater).
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention：
1st, now there are some researches show in normal seawater, induction of the heavy metal such as low concentration lead to Crassostrea rivularis CAT activity is imitated
It should show slowly lasting, high-concentration lead shows soon to the inductive effect of Crassostrea rivularis CAT activity, excessive active oxygen meeting
Cause the lipidization degree of organism inner cell film according to active oxygen balance that is fast, destroying in organism, and then cause organism
Oxidative damage.And the present invention obtains Crassostrea rivularis, pass through the detection to CAT activity, it was demonstrated that reduce heavy metal seawater to nearly river
Oyster is influenceed by active oxygen radical infringement.
2nd, active oxygen radical damages, and is the software part colours hair of Crassostrea rivularis on the appearance of Crassostrea rivularis
Yellow, black portions or stain increase, so as to influence the sale of Crassostrea rivularis；And from the angle of mouthfeel, such as it is steamed after, meat
Ageing, smoothness is deteriorated.And the additive of the present invention is used, obtained Crassostrea rivularis, software part colours are pure white, black portions
Or stain is few；And from the angle of mouthfeel, such as it is steamed after, fine and tender taste is smooth.
Embodiment
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below, but the invention is not limited in these embodiments.
Embodiment 1：
Reduce the additive that is damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical of heavy metal seawater, the additive by following part by weight into
Divide and be made：
It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
1) Feedstock treating：By honeysuckle and Herba Andrographitis according to etc. mixing, clean, drying, crushing again；
2) Steam explosion treatment：The material that step 1) is obtained is put into steam blasting tank, and volume is equivalent to steam blasting tank
The 1/4-1/3 of volume, burst pressure 3.0-3.5Mpa, dwell time maintain 150-200s；
3) distillation is handled：The material that step 2) is obtained is put into distiller, in distiller bottom, heats burning or is passed through steaming
Vapour, when hot steam is filled in distiller, vapor is introduced into condenser, then pass through water-oil separating by condenser pipe
Device, collect essential oil；
4) high-shear homogenizing machine is handled：The essential oil that step 3) is obtained is handled by high-shear homogenizing machine, linear velocity 30-
40m/s, time 3-5min, nano-emulsion is made, and is obtained with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
Embodiment 2：
Reduce the additive that is damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical of heavy metal seawater, the additive by following part by weight into
Divide and be made：
It is 8.2 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
1) Feedstock treating：By honeysuckle and Herba Andrographitis according to etc. mixing, clean, drying, crushing again；
2) Steam explosion treatment：The material that step 1) is obtained is put into steam blasting tank, and volume is equivalent to steam blasting tank
The 1/4-1/3 of volume, burst pressure 3.0-3.5Mpa, dwell time maintain 150-200s；
3) distillation is handled：The material that step 2) is obtained is put into distiller, in distiller bottom, heats burning or is passed through steaming
Vapour, when hot steam is filled in distiller, vapor is introduced into condenser, then pass through water-oil separating by condenser pipe
Device, collect essential oil；
4) high-shear homogenizing machine is handled：The essential oil that step 3) is obtained is handled by high-shear homogenizing machine, linear velocity 30-
40m/s, time 3-5min, nano-emulsion is made, and is obtained with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
Embodiment 3：
Reduce the additive that is damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical of heavy metal seawater, the additive by following part by weight into
Divide and be made：
It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
1) Feedstock treating：By honeysuckle and Herba Andrographitis according to etc. mixing, clean, drying, crushing again；
2) Steam explosion treatment：The material that step 1) is obtained is put into steam blasting tank, and volume is equivalent to steam blasting tank
The 1/4-1/3 of volume, burst pressure 3.0-3.5Mpa, dwell time maintain 150-200s；
3) distillation is handled：The material that step 2) is obtained is put into distiller, in distiller bottom, heats burning or is passed through steaming
Vapour, when hot steam is filled in distiller, vapor is introduced into condenser, then pass through water-oil separating by condenser pipe
Device, collect essential oil；
4) high-shear homogenizing machine is handled：The essential oil that step 3) is obtained is handled by high-shear homogenizing machine, linear velocity 30-
40m/s, time 3-5min, nano-emulsion is made, and is obtained with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
Blank example：
The seawater in big oyster base, without using additive.
Comparative example 1：
Additive is made up of following part by weight composition：
It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer.
Comparative example 2：
Additive is made up of following part by weight composition：
It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
1) Feedstock treating：By honeysuckle and Herba Andrographitis according to etc. mixing, clean, drying, crushing again；
2) water extraction is handled：The material that step 1) is obtained adds 10 times of pure water, and ebuillition of heated extracts 2 times, and 2 is small every time
When, filtering, merge extract solution, be concentrated into 1.05-1.1mg/mL (25 DEG C).
Experimental example：
Crassostrea rivularis used in this experiment is purchased from Qiezhou in April, 2017, is immediately sent to test site, is placed in after washing
7d is temporarily supported in 5mx5mx1.8m indoor cement pit, after measured, locality and experimental field Lead In Sea Water content is low for Crassostrea rivularis
In 0.01mg/L, there was no significant difference.Water law is changed using static state during temporarily supporting, changes water daily 1 time, breeding water is filtering sea
Water, main Water Factors are regulated and controled by sampling site, water temperature (27 ± 1) DEG C, pH value 8.0, salinity 3%, with chrysophyceae, Platymonas helgolandica var
As bait, 24h is continuously oxygenated.Temporarily support after terminating, the death rate<1%, Pass Test requirement, select it is uniform in size [(11.28 ±
1.45) g/ only] Crassostrea rivularis individual be used as biological subject.
Using plumbi nitras as pollutant, plumbi nitras (analysis is pure) is configured to 10mg/mL mother liquor, experiment seawater is prepared
Into 0.05mg/L, 0.5mg/L concentration.
1st, handle
Using acidifying seawater (pH value 7.6) needed for acetic acid allotment experiment before experiment, to prevent deployed seawater from using
During pH value raise, is added dropwise using woven hose uniform speed slow into test chamber acetic acid method stably water pH value.Experiment
Control (pH value 8.0) is used as using normal seawater.
2nd, sample preparation
0d is designated as on the day of on-test, after on-test 5,10,15,20d, take 3 Crassostrea rivularis at random from each bucket,
Every group 9, gill tissue is taken, claims quality, by 1:The physiological saline of the ratio addition precooling of 9 (mass volume ratios), is homogenized, 4 on ice
DEG C, 5000r/min centrifugation 10min, take supernatant, be placed in -80 DEG C of ultra low temperature freezers and save backup.
3rd, CAT determinations of activity
The CAT detection kits (A007-1) of Bioengineering Research Institute's development are built up in CAT determinations of activity using Nanjing, according to
Kit operation instruction is operated, and each testing sample is tested 3 times.
4th, the usage amount of additive：0.05% (w/w seawater)
5th, result：
Different lead concentrations are active (U/mg) to the influence CAT of Crassostrea rivularis CAT activity
Conclusion：The sample result of embodiment 3 is better than comparative example.
Claims (4)
1. reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical, it is characterised in that the additive is by following
Part by weight composition is made：
The trace metal ion is sodium chloride, calcium chloride, one kind of sodium molybdate；
It is 8.0-8.2 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
1) Feedstock treating：By honeysuckle and Herba Andrographitis according to etc. mixing, clean, drying, crushing again；
2) Steam explosion treatment：The material that step 1) is obtained is put into steam blasting tank, burst pressure 3.0-3.5Mpa, during pressurize
Between maintain 150-200s；
3) distillation is handled：The material that step 2) is obtained is put into distiller, in distiller bottom, heats burning or is passed through steam,
When hot steam is filled in distiller, vapor is introduced into condenser by condenser pipe, then by oil water separator,
Collect essential oil；
4) high-shear homogenizing machine is handled：The essential oil that step 3) is obtained is handled by high-shear homogenizing machine, linear velocity 30-40m/s,
Time 3-5min, nano-emulsion is made, and is obtained with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
2. the additive according to claim 1 for reducing heavy metal seawater and being damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical, its feature
It is, the additive is made up of following part by weight composition：
It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer.
3. the additive according to claim 1 for reducing heavy metal seawater and being damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical, its feature
It is：The honeysuckle and the usage amount of Herba Andrographitis, the 1/4-1/3 of volume after crushing equivalent to steam blasting tank volume.
4. the additive according to claim 1 for reducing heavy metal seawater and being damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical, its feature
It is：The water meets pharmaceutical industry standard.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710954520.XA CN107619070A (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710954520.XA CN107619070A (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107619070A true CN107619070A (en) | 2018-01-23 |
Family
ID=61092154
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710954520.XA Pending CN107619070A (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107619070A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107624689A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-26 | 桂林融通科技有限公司 | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater influences on big oyster lysozyme activity |
| CN109156424A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2019-01-08 | 湖南农业大学 | It is a kind of feed the exceeded feeding ramie of cadmium black goat body in cadmium test method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972660A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-03-20 | 刘宏生 | Chinese herbal medicine compound bait for improving growing power, immunity and disease resistance of stichopus japonicus |
| CN105296573A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-03 | 桂林华诺威基因药业有限公司 | Culture medium for fermentation for recombinant human epidermal growth factor |
| CN107624689A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-26 | 桂林融通科技有限公司 | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater influences on big oyster lysozyme activity |
-
2017
- 2017-10-13 CN CN201710954520.XA patent/CN107619070A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102972660A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-03-20 | 刘宏生 | Chinese herbal medicine compound bait for improving growing power, immunity and disease resistance of stichopus japonicus |
| CN105296573A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-03 | 桂林华诺威基因药业有限公司 | Culture medium for fermentation for recombinant human epidermal growth factor |
| CN107624689A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-26 | 桂林融通科技有限公司 | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater influences on big oyster lysozyme activity |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107624689A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-26 | 桂林融通科技有限公司 | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater influences on big oyster lysozyme activity |
| CN109156424A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2019-01-08 | 湖南农业大学 | It is a kind of feed the exceeded feeding ramie of cadmium black goat body in cadmium test method |
| CN109156424B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2022-01-21 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for testing cadmium in black goat fed with ramie exceeding cadmium standard |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Bligh et al. | A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification | |
| CN107404862B (en) | Method for cultivating oysters on land | |
| CN1769426A (en) | Pentose lactobacillus bacteriocin and its special production strain and uses | |
| Kumari et al. | Growth, biochemical indices and carcass quality of red tilapia reared in zero water discharge based biofloc system in various salinities using inland saline ground water | |
| Lu et al. | An in-pond tank culture system for high-intensive fish production: Effect of stocking density on growth of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844) and blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih, 1955) | |
| CN107619070A (en) | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical | |
| CN103583436A (en) | Detoxification, fishy smell elimination and freshness increase farming method for Egypt clarias fuscus | |
| JP2018509161A (en) | Archaea in bioactive animal feed, method for producing the composition, and method using the composition | |
| CN107522242A (en) | A kind of additive for reducing heavy metal seawater and being damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical | |
| CN105684970A (en) | Production method for fairy shrimp nauplii | |
| CN107484687A (en) | A kind of cultural method of big oyster | |
| CN101300962A (en) | Cultivation method of blowfish with controlled toxicity | |
| CN107500378A (en) | Reduce the additive that acidifying seawater damages to big oyster active oxygen radical | |
| CN107628652A (en) | A kind of additive for reducing heavy metal seawater and being influenceed on big oyster lysozyme activity | |
| CN107624689A (en) | Reduce the additive that heavy metal seawater influences on big oyster lysozyme activity | |
| CN107500377A (en) | A kind of additive alleviated acidifying seawater and influenceed on big oyster lysozyme activity | |
| CN107512750A (en) | Alleviate the additive that acidifying seawater influences on big oyster lysozyme activity | |
| CN107697959A (en) | A kind of additive for reducing acidifying seawater and being damaged to big oyster active oxygen radical | |
| Benitez‐Mandujano et al. | Growth and metamorphosis of Rana catesbeiana (Shaw) tadpoles fed live and supplementary feed, using tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), as a biofertilizer | |
| Fiordelmondo et al. | Sterol and mineral profiles of the common sea snail Hinia reticulata and the long sea snail Nassarius mutabilis (Gastropods) collected from the middle adriatic sea | |
| JPH0383577A (en) | Crushed alga composition, its production, food, feed, colorant and antioxidant | |
| KR101316450B1 (en) | Aquaculture of low water temperature using fermented milk of mushroom extracts and prophyrins | |
| Hidayat | Quality deteoration gourami fish (Osphronemus gouramy) during storage | |
| KR101187564B1 (en) | A method for reusing disused mushroom resource as feed additives for broiler chick and feed additives for feeding broiler chick having improved chicken meat quality | |
| Tran et al. | Effects of photoperiods on growth and quality of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus van-namei) in biofloc system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180123 |