CN107614812B - 建筑元件 - Google Patents

建筑元件 Download PDF

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CN107614812B
CN107614812B CN201680023974.9A CN201680023974A CN107614812B CN 107614812 B CN107614812 B CN 107614812B CN 201680023974 A CN201680023974 A CN 201680023974A CN 107614812 B CN107614812 B CN 107614812B
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tube
longitudinally extending
flange
concrete
groove
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B·丁塞尔
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B Dingsaier
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8623Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic
    • E04B2/8629Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic with both form leaves and spacers being monolithic
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/165Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with elongated load-supporting parts, cast in situ
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/167Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with permanent forms made of particular materials, e.g. layered products
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2002/867Corner details
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
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Abstract

一种长形建筑元件(14),其具有由横向腹板(16)联接的一对纵向地延伸的大体平行一起延展的侧壁(15)。壁(15)和腹板(16)包围纵向地延伸的空间(30),在该空间(30)内定位有管(31)。管(31)通过凸缘(33)连接到壁(15)和腹板(16)。管(31)提供空间(33),空间(30,33)意图由混凝土填充。该建筑元件(14)意图附连到同样的元件(14)以形成壁。

Description

建筑元件
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑元件,且更具体地但非排他地涉及联接形成建筑物的柱和壁的建筑元件。
背景技术
由竖直延伸的挤出中空部件形式的建筑元件形成壁是已知的。相邻部件通过协作的凸缘和凹槽而连接。该元件是中空的,并且随后用混凝土填充,以便为它们提供强度和刚度。典型地,建筑元件由挤出的塑料/聚合物材料形成。加强钢常常在混凝土被传送到元件中之前而插入该元件中。
美国专利6212845公开了一种建筑元件,其中元件通过纵向滑动相对运动而联接。壁通过以如下方式连接相邻元件而构造:首先将一个元件连接至地板,且然后通过竖直滑动相对运动将随后的元件联接于其上。美国专利6189269,5974751,5953880,5729944和5706620中也公开了类似的构造。
美国专利7763248和国际专利申请PCT/AU2012/000358中公开了一种建筑元件,其中相邻部件并非通过纵向的滑动运动而连接,而是通过元件之间的横向相对运动而连接。特别地该元件卡扣接合。
美国专利3440785,3555751,3815311,3828502,4104837,5274975,5293728,5404686和6247280中描述了较不相关的结构。
关于以上所述的建筑元件的问题是它们具有横向腹板,并且可包括加强件,其中腹板和加强件阻碍了混凝土流动通过元件。
仅具有横向腹板的前述建筑元件易于因在运输期间的不恰当操纵、现场运送/起重以及甚至水平钢加强件的放置而在横向腹板处受损。如果横向腹板受损,建筑元件在接收混凝土时失效将不可避免。特别是如果面板联接部之间的腹板孔彼此不相重合时(这将会妨碍混凝土的流动),该失效将被进一步恶化。横向腹板还与竖直的起动杆碰撞。也可由于混凝土振动器的不恰当使用以及从过高的高度倾倒混凝土而引起失效。振动器和过高的高度将导致过大的流体静压,过大的流体静压可将建筑元件损毁至它们失效的程度。
为了用混凝土填充元件,混凝土需要能够合理容易地流动,以便最小化混凝土填充中的可能不利地影响结构强度的空洞。因此,混凝土优选具有升高的坍落度值,这会由于过大的流体静压而恶化上述问题。
上述建筑元件的缺点在于,如果采用了具有高坍落度值的混凝土,显著的压力会被置于建筑元件上,尤其是在它们的流体静压最大的较低部分,这可导致建筑元件的扭曲和/或失效。之前描述的建筑元件,即便是对于低坍落度混凝土,也需要最大1.5米间隔的混凝土填充就位(concrete infill placement),以最小化多个建筑元件的可能的扭曲和/或失效。
高坍落度混凝土的使用在特别是需要防水来消除传统上应用的防水隔膜的建筑元件中是优选的。具有增大粘度的水泥浆确保了建筑元件面板联接部被填充,这使得卡扣连接联接部防水,这如国际申请PCT/AU2012/000358中所述。高坍落度在建筑元件也是优选的,以便有助于混凝土流动通过元件中的孔。
除了消除传统上应用的隔膜之外,还要求防水面板联接部消除传统上在混凝土壁中使用的水平加强钢杆的潜在腐蚀。水平加强钢杆的保护需要要求建筑元件中的面板联接部防水。否则,各个面板联接部将成为自然断裂路径来将外部污染携带至水平加强钢杆,对于诸如低地和经受海风或高湿度大气条件的建筑物正面墙壁的情况而言,这将会导致水平加强钢杆的不可避免的腐蚀。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服或显著地改进上述缺点中的至少一个。
本文公开了一种中空长形建筑元件,混凝土将被倒入其中,该元件包括:
大体平行的一对纵向地延伸的隔开的侧壁;
隔开的横向腹板,其与侧壁联接,从而围绕纵向地延伸的空间;以及
至少一个纵向地延伸的管,其位于该空间中,并且通过多个连接凸缘连接到壁和/或腹板。
优选地,壁大体是一起延展且大体平行的。
优选地,连接凸缘将管连接至壁和腹板。
优选地,腹板设有孔口,混凝土可穿过该孔口。
优选地,管具有孔口,混凝土可穿过该孔口。
优选地,每个管均具有圆形横截面。
优选地,仅有一个管。
优选地,所述管是第一管,且所述元件包括纵向地延伸的第二管,该第二管也位于所述空间中,并且相对于第一管偏移。
优选地,该元件还包括联接第一管和第二管的凸缘。
优选地,每个侧壁均具有纵向地延伸的凹槽和从该侧壁延伸的纵向地延伸的联接凸缘,每个凸缘和凹槽均定位和构造成通过经由凹槽和凸缘相对于彼此的运动使凸缘接合在其相应的相邻凹槽内而接合同样的元件的相应的凹槽或凸缘,以将相邻元件固定在一起,每个凹槽均形成于相应的一个侧壁中,且每个凸缘均从相应的侧壁延伸,从而同样的元件位于凸缘之间,以提供凸缘和凹槽的接合,且侧壁和腹板围绕接收混凝土的纵向地延伸的空间,且该元件还包括凹槽中的至少一个且与其相应的凸缘的卡扣接合以连接相邻元件。
优选地,运动大体横向于元件。
在一备选实施例中,运动是该元件和同样的元件之间的纵向滑动相对运动。
优选地,该元件是整体式构造。
优选地,该元件是挤出件。
优选地,该元件是组件。
附图说明
现在将参照附图通过实例描述本发明的优选形式,在附图中:
图1是形成壁的部分的多个建筑元件的示意性俯视图;
图2是图1的元件之一的示意性俯视图;
图3是图2的元件的示意性等距视图;
图4是图2的元件的示意性侧视图;
图5是形成壁的多个建筑元件的示意性俯视图;且
图6是图5的元件之一的示意性俯视图。
具体实施方式
在附图中,示意性地描绘了壁的一部分10。该部分10由多个建筑元件14形成。每个元件14均是纵向长形的,并且意图接收混凝土。元件14可为整体式构造。在一种备选的优选形式中,每个元件14均可通过将相邻部件连接在一起来构造。角部元件40联接元件14排。元件14可称为“模架”,包括“永久模架”。
元件14具有由横向腹板16联接的两个大体平行一起延展的侧壁15。典型地,腹板16将具有孔口17。因此,该元件14提供永久模架来接收混凝土18。典型地,高坍落度混凝土倾倒至组装好的元件14中。优选地,该元件14将由挤出的塑料材料形成,诸如聚氯乙烯,以便提供永久防水成品,并且以便为整体式构造。
每个侧壁15均设有与相应的侧壁15的纵向边缘20相邻的纵向地延伸的凹槽19。纵向地延伸的凸缘21从每个侧壁15延伸,凸缘21相对于凹槽19大体是平行且一起延展的。每个凸缘21包括接收在下一相邻元件14的凹槽19内的纵向地延伸的唇缘部22。斜坡表面23延伸至每个凹槽19。图2中最佳地看到的表面23定位在端部横向腹板16附近,并且从端部腹板16附近向相邻凹槽19发散。
在组装该元件14时,相邻元件14相对于彼此在横向方向(水平)38上移动,使凸缘21借助于表面23被弹性地推开。在唇缘部22与凹槽19对齐时,它们卡扣接合在凹槽19内,以便将相邻元件14保持在一起。因此,凸缘21在相邻元件14之间延伸。
相邻元件14也可通过首先使一个唇缘部22接合在其相关联的凹槽19内而接合,其中横向运动是枢转运动。
在构造壁部分10时,安装者将通过相邻元件14之间的横向运动连接元件14。此后,可用混凝土18填充元件14。
在一种备选的优选形式中,同样的元件14可通过纵向的相对滑动运动来联接。也即,每个唇缘部22均将与其相关联的凹槽19接合,且元件14相对于彼此纵向地移动,以便联接。
壁部分10可根据需要承重或不承重。进一步,如果需要,加强元件可纵向地穿过该元件14。
壁15和横向腹板16包围纵向延伸的空间30。纵向地延伸的管31位于空间30中,管31包围纵向地延伸的空间32,纵向地延伸的空间32是空间30的一部分。
混凝土18占据空间30,且因此占据空间32。
在该实施例中,管31与壁15和腹板16隔开,并且通过多个凸缘33连接至壁15和横向腹板16。
优选地,管31大体定位在空间30的中心。
在该实施例中,管31由多个大体平面的纵向地延伸的区段34形成,区段34布置在中心纵向轴线37周围。
管31可为任何希望的截面,诸如圆形,正方形,长方形或椭圆形。然而,圆形横截面关于元件14的强度提供了预料不到的优点。当元件14是挤出的,即其是塑料材料整体形成的时,管31和凸缘33与壁15和腹板16一体地形成。
在上述优选实施例中,元件14是整体式构造,诸如挤出件。然而,在一种备选构造中,该元件14可为组件。作为一特定的实例,壁15和腹板16可为挤出件,而管31是第二挤出件。凸缘33将通过滑动和/或卡扣接合附连至壁15和腹板16以及管31。该接合将确保联接是防水的。
优选地,管具有孔口35,且凸缘33具有孔口36,从而混凝土18可填充空间30和32。
在图5和6的实施例中,存在两个管31。除了凸缘33之外,存在延伸于两个相邻的管31之间的另外的凸缘40。管31横向地隔开,且优选一起延展以及平行,并且两者都在元件14的纵向上延伸。
以上实施例被设计为结合直至225mm+/-25mm的坍落度与直至30mm的集料大小来实现天然岩石集料的更好使用,且更重要的是,实现高坍落度混凝土的使用,以避免空气孔洞形成的任何担心,尤其是当壁包括用于剪切壁(即抗震壁)中的两层水平钢杆时。这些类型的壁承载高应力,因此结构设计工程师不能容忍任何空气孔洞。
以上实施例显著地减小了对壁15和腹板16的如下损坏:该损坏对于仅仅依赖于之前的建筑元件的在接收混凝土填充时将外表面保持在一起的等效腹板16的模架来说是经常碰到的。以上实施例提供了明显更牢固的模架,该模架并不依赖于单个腹板16将各个模架面保持在一起。
在以上实施例中,进入张紧状态的管31借助管31与外平面之间的壁15支承外平面。与由仅仅使各个平坦模架面彼此联接的腹板16承载耐压通常所实现的相比,以上实施例的该三维模架设计能够承载高得多的混凝土压力。因此,管31帮助平面组合地应付混凝土压力。管31的存在进一步使得整个组件更加牢固,从而避免了大部分在传统设计中通常会发生的损害。
由聚合物制成的建筑元件提供高的受拉承载能力。混凝土本质上是易碎的材料,其实质上并不具有受拉承载能力,因此这就是传统的混凝土接收加强钢杆来为混凝土提供受拉承载能力的原因。混凝土填充物和聚合物建筑元件以复合作用的方式起作用,这消除或者降低了混凝土的易碎性质,因此复合作用实现了韧性的性状。该复合作用的能力基于混凝土和聚合物建筑元件之间的剪切接触区域。与之前的建筑元件相比,本实施例在三维上显著地增大了剪切接触区域,从而为混凝土提供了显著的受拉承载能力。该能力与封装混凝土的外表面和管一起通过在混凝土经受诸如地震,飓风,疾风或冲击荷载的力时限制混凝土来防止混凝土碎裂。
世界范围的工程规则提供了用于结构设计的载荷组合。诸如火/地震或火/飓风或火/疾风荷载的载荷组合并不会被一起考虑,因为较少同时发生载荷组合。例如火仅会在地震冲击之后发生,而地震最多仅仅在30秒内发生。建筑元件的外部聚合物面可在建筑火灾的情况下燃烧,因此工程师不能使用该复合作用用于结构设计目的。本实施例在管与聚合物外表面之间提供了足够的混凝土填充,其会在火灾的情况下保护管。因此,工程师能够使用该复合作用以便消除或减少增大混凝土的受拉承载能力通常所需要的加强钢杆。
因此,工程师能够使用管31作为用于诸如地下室壁的结构(土压作用于其上)中的钢杆的补充或者替换。
因此,以上实施例是更加牢固的建筑元件,而且即便是对于高坍落度混凝土,也将允许各次倾倒时至少3m的混凝土倾倒间隔(高度)。

Claims (14)

1.一种混凝土将倾倒入其中的中空长形建筑元件,该元件包括:
大体平行的一对纵向地延伸的隔开的侧壁;
隔开的横向腹板,其联接所述侧壁,从而围绕纵向地延伸的空间;以及
至少一个纵向地延伸的管,其位于所述空间中,并且通过多个连接凸缘而连接至所述壁和/或腹板,
其中,所述腹板和所述至少一个纵向地延伸的管包括孔口,所述混凝土能够穿过所述孔口。
2.如权利要求1所述的元件,其中,所述壁大体是一起延展且大体平行的。
3.如权利要求1所述的元件,其中,每个管均具有圆形横截面。
4.如权利要求1所述的元件,其中,存在仅一个管。
5.如权利要求4所述的元件,其中,所述管是第一管,且所述元件包括纵向地延伸的第二管,所述第二管也位于所述空间中,并且自所述第一管偏移。
6.如权利要求5所述的元件,其中,还包括联接所述第一管和第二管的凸缘。
7.如权利要求1所述的元件,其中,每个侧壁均具有纵向地延伸的凹槽和从所述侧壁延伸的纵向地延伸的联接凸缘,每个凸缘和凹槽定位和构造成通过经由凹槽和凸缘相对于彼此的运动使所述凸缘接合在其相应的相邻凹槽内而接合同样的元件的相应的凹槽或凸缘,以将相邻元件固定在一起,每个凹槽形成于所述侧壁的相应的一个中,且每个凸缘从相应的侧壁延伸,从而同样的元件位于所述凸缘之间,以提供所述凸缘和凹槽的接合,且所述侧壁和腹板围绕接收混凝土的纵向地延伸的空间,且所述元件还包括所述凹槽的至少一个且与其相应的凸缘的卡扣接合以连接相邻元件。
8.如权利要求7所述的元件,其中,所述运动大体横向于该元件。
9.如权利要求7所述的元件,其中,所述运动是所述元件与同样的元件之间的纵向滑动相对运动。
10.如权利要求1所述的元件,其中,所述元件是整体式构造。
11.如权利要求10所述的元件,其中,所述元件是挤出件。
12.如权利要求1所述的元件,其中,所述元件是组件。
13.如权利要求1所述的元件,其中,所述纵向地延伸的隔开的侧壁包括外平面。
14.如权利要求1所述的元件,所述元件被布置用于接收高坍落度混凝土。
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