CN107614233A - 用于制造楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的方法及其用途 - Google Patents

用于制造楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的方法及其用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107614233A
CN107614233A CN201780000242.2A CN201780000242A CN107614233A CN 107614233 A CN107614233 A CN 107614233A CN 201780000242 A CN201780000242 A CN 201780000242A CN 107614233 A CN107614233 A CN 107614233A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wedge
thermoplastic film
glass
film
thermoplastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201780000242.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
W.克卢切夫斯基
S.吉尔
S.吕克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of CN107614233A publication Critical patent/CN107614233A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/24—Calendering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/224—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length having a profiled section, e.g. tubes, rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/44—Compression means for making articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/46—Rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
    • B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
    • B29C55/06—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique parallel with the direction of feed
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于制造楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜(1)的连续方法，其包括以下方法步骤：(A)从供料卷(3)展开扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜(2)并且将其进一步输送到加热滚筒(4)，(B)使用加热滚筒(4)将塑料薄膜(2) 加热并且将其进一步输送到加压辊(5)，(C)在两个加热的加压辊(5) 之间的间隙(5.1)中压制塑料薄膜(2)，其中间隙(5.1)具有对应于待制造的塑料薄膜(1)的横截面轮廓(1.1)的净宽(5.2)，并且将其进一步输送到拉伸装置(6)，(D)在拉伸装置中将具有楔形的横截面轮廓(1.1)的塑料薄膜(1)进行拉伸，并且将塑料薄膜(1)进一步输送到冷却装置(7)，(E)在冷却装置(7)中将塑料薄膜(1) 冷却并且将其进一步输送到切割装置(8)，和(F)在切割装置(8)中将塑料薄膜(1)切割成所希望的大小；以及涉及使用塑料薄膜(1)或至少两个塑料薄膜(1a)作为中间层制造两个玻璃板(10)的复合件(9)的方法和其用途。

Description

用于制造楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的方法及其用途
本发明涉及用于制造楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的方法。
本发明还涉及至少两个玻璃板与由至少一个楔形的热塑性薄膜构成的中间连接层的复合件。
本发明同样涉及该复合件的用途。
复合窗玻璃 (VGS) 如今应用在许多地方，特别是在机动车制造中。在这里，术语机动车主要包括道路机动车、飞机、轮船、农用机器或者操作设备。
在其它领域中也使用复合窗玻璃。为此例如包括建筑物玻璃或信息显示器，例如在博物馆中或作为广告显示器。
复合窗玻璃通常具有两个玻璃面或玻璃板，它们层压在中间层上。所述玻璃板本身可以具有弯曲和通常地具有恒定的厚度。所述中间层通常具有预定厚度，例如0.76 mm的热塑性材料，优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛 (PVB)。
由于所述复合窗玻璃经常相对于观察者倾斜，这会导致重影。重影的产生是由于入射光通常不完全地穿过两个玻璃板，而是至少一部分光被反射和之后才穿过第二玻璃板。
所述重影特别是在暗处被观察到，尤其是在强入射光源的情况下，例如迎面而来的机动车的前大灯。
重影是极其干扰性的，并且会导致安全性问题。
经常，复合窗玻璃也用作显示信息的平视显示器（HUD）。在此，借助投影装置将图像投射到复合窗玻璃上，从而在观察者的视野中显示信息。在机动车领域中，投射装置例如设置在仪表盘上，从而将投射的图像反射在向观察者倾斜的复合窗玻璃的靠近观察者的玻璃面上（参见例如欧洲专利EP 0 420 228 B1或德国公开文本DE 10 2012 211 729 A1）。
在这里，光的一部分再次入射到复合窗玻璃并且例如在从观察者的角度看更靠外的玻璃面与中间层的内部边界层上反射，然后偏移地从复合窗玻璃射出。在这里，也有发生类似的效果，幻影的效果，这相对于待显示的图像来说。
幻影的完全传统的补偿导致能够观察到透射中的重影过度补偿。这意味着，会使各个观察者迷乱或在最坏的情况下使他们获得错误信息。目前尝试着如此解决该问题，使得玻璃板的表面不是平行的，而是设置一定的角度。这例如通过使中间层楔形地具有连续直线和/或非直线增加和/或减小的厚度而实现。在机动车制造中，通常变换厚度，使得在复合窗玻璃的下端至发动机室设定最小的厚度，而朝向顶端的厚度逐渐增加。
这种具有楔形的中间层的复合窗玻璃和它们所基于的光学定律是本身已知的和例如描述在国际专利申请WO 2015/086234 A1 和WO 2015/086233 A1，美国专利US 8,451,541 B2、US 7.060.343 B2、US 6,881,472 B2、US 6,636,370 B2 和US 5.013,134或者德国公开文本DE 10 2007 095 323 A1、DE 196 11 483 A1 和DE 195 35 053 A1中。
所需的楔角延伸和由此产生的中间层的厚度轮廓必须对于各种玻璃板形状单独地设计。目前，本发明的厚度轮廓在挤出薄膜时通过使用相应的狭缝式喷嘴，或者通过有针对性地拉伸使用相应的温度曲线加热的薄膜而实现。但也可以通过后续的薄膜剥除而产生所希望的厚度轮廓。这些方法也可以如下组合，例如在一个方向上在挤出时借助相应的狭缝式喷嘴和在另一个方向上借助后续的薄膜相应拉伸而产生所述厚度轮廓。
然而，在这类制造时也出现问题。
如果制造的薄膜带卷绕成卷而用于存储和寄送，则所述卷呈逐渐增加的圆锥形状，这使得所述卷的操作和运输变得困难。为了避免这个困难，在欧洲专利EP 0 647 329B1中已知制造这样的薄膜带，其在两个边缘处以至少20%的带宽的宽度具有均匀的厚度轮廓和接着楔形的厚度轮廓，这分别延伸到薄膜带的中间。仅在中间区中形成楔形的薄膜带这时可以在传统的圆柱形芯部上卷绕最多大约300 m的长度。所述带在用于进一步的加工时从中间断开，切割成所希望的形状和与单块窗玻璃板合并，从而使得所述带的楔形部分位于挡风玻璃的下部区域中，在该区域中设置HUD可视窗。然而，在这种方法中必须除去具有均匀厚度轮廓的薄膜的突出部分并且将其作为不可用的废料处理。
从欧洲专利EP 1 063 205 B 1、DE 699 05 020 T2的翻译中已知一种用于制造复合玻璃用的中间层薄膜的方法，其中向生产设备（包括挤出机、挤压模具、第一冷压辊和第二冷压辊）中输送用于中间层薄膜的起始组合物，其中两个冷压辊分别具有对应于待制造的中间层薄膜所希望的横截面轮廓而修正的净宽。然而，在这种方法中存在在冷压辊中剧烈冷却热塑性塑料的风险，由此得到不令人满意的结果。此外，当需要制造具有相对大的楔角（例如0.6 mrad的数量级）的楔形的、热塑性的塑料薄膜时也存在问题。
从国际专利申请WO 2006/122305中已知一种用于制造由PVB构成的楔形的、热塑性的塑料薄膜的连续方法。所述塑料薄膜也可以由多个叠合放置的薄膜构成。将所述塑料薄膜输送到加热的压延机，在这里将其展宽和拉伸至所希望的厚度。压延机的间隙可以具有对应于楔形的、热塑性的塑料薄膜的横截面轮廓的净宽。接着，拉伸、冷却和切割所述楔形的、热塑性的塑料薄膜。但是没有给出实施所述已知方法的温度说明。
类似的方法还可参见公开的日本专利申请JP 2000-044296 A。其中描述了，将PVB薄膜通过多个Z字形传导所述PVB薄膜的加热辊加热到100至130℃。此外，将加热的薄膜传导通过两个未加热的辊之间的间隙，由此获得楔形的横截面。是否拉伸所述楔形的PVB薄膜，在该日本专利申请中没有提及。在切割之前将热的PVB薄膜冷却到-2℃。
美国专利US 2,933,759提供一种用于拉伸汽车的复合窗玻璃的中间层的塑料薄膜的装置。没有说明该塑料薄膜是否是楔形的。
由欧洲专利申请EP 2 905 127 A1已知一种用于制造复合玻璃层压体的方法，该层压体由包含含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩醛薄膜和贫增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩醛薄膜的层叠体构成。这两个薄膜分别可以具有楔形的厚度轮廓和用在平视显示器用的汽车挡风玻璃中。这里也没有给出实施所述已知方法的温度说明。
德国专利申请DE 101 12 935 A1提供了特别是用于汽车侧玻璃的玻璃板装置，其具有至少一个在至少一个平面上弯曲的、平面的、光学透明的元件。该平面的元件在其面平面上具有楔形的形状，其中楔角在通过该元件的法线和机动车车身的视线所限定的平面的方向上延伸。该德国专利申请没有给出制造所述楔形元件的细节。
与此相反，本发明的目的是提供一种用于制造楔形的塑料薄膜作为复合窗玻璃用的中间层的新型方法，该方法是精确的、在成型方面灵活的和节约材料的，并且提供这样楔形的塑料薄膜，其甚至在水平和垂直弯曲的复合窗玻璃，如全景玻璃中也有效抑制重影和幻影。
这些和其它的目的根据本发明通过具有独立权利要求的特征的方法而实现。本发明的有利实施方案通过从属权利要求的特征给出。
本发明的制造方法起始于扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜。
特征“扁平的”也包括特征“基本上扁平的”。在这里和下文中，术语“基本上”是指所涉及的大小与准确值的偏差在不影响技术应用的程度之内。
优选地，扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜是透明的。在本发明中，透明的是指塑料薄膜在可见光光谱范围内的透射率＞70%。对于机动车领域的没有位于驾驶员的驾驶相关的视野内的塑料薄膜，例如天窗玻璃，透射率也可以小得多，例如＞5%。
优选地，扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜是无色的。特别地，它是清澈的。
优选地，扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜由选自如下的热塑性塑料构成：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚氨酯（PU）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯（PE）、聚碳酸酯（PC）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚缩醛树脂、浇注树脂、聚丙烯酸酯、氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚氟乙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物以及它们的共聚物和混合物。特别地，使用PVB。
扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜的厚度可以宽泛地变化，并且主要取决于预定的使用目的。所述扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜可以通过一个或多个彼此叠合设置的扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜形成，其中扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜的厚度优选100 µm至2000 µm和通常为380 mm至760 µm。
扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜的宽度也可以宽泛地变化，并且主要匹配于各种使用目的。优选地，扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜的宽度为0.25至4 m。对于特定的产品，也可以比4 m更宽。
将所述扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜从供料卷展开和进一步输送到加热滚筒。
所述加热滚筒优选具有抗粘合的由不锈钢制成的表面。该加热滚筒将展开的、扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜加热到各个待加工的热塑性塑料的玻璃化温度以上和熔点温度以下的温度。在PVB的情况下，优选将其加热到70至100℃的温度。
将加热的、扁平的、热塑性塑料薄膜进一步输送到在两个加热的加压辊之间的间隙。该加压辊优选具有由不锈钢制成的表面并且是抗粘合的。此外，它们可以具有压纹图案，这用于获得楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的表面粗糙度。该加压辊的长度至少对应于各个待加工的、加热的、扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜的宽度。所述加热的加压辊同样具有各个待加工的、扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜的玻璃化温度以上和熔点温度以下的温度。
所述加热的加压辊的间隙的净宽对应于待制造的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的横截面轮廓。优选地，该净宽对应于楔角为0.01 mrad至0.7 mrad，优选0.1 mrad至0.3 mrad的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的横截面轮廓。
将所获得的具有楔形的横截面轮廓的、在间隙压制的、热的、热塑性塑料薄膜进一步输送到拉伸装置，其中将其进行拉伸。优选地，使用拉伸锥体作为拉伸装置，借此成型为楔形薄膜。在本发明中，表述“拉伸薄膜”也是指成型为楔形薄膜。
将拉伸的、热的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜输送到冷却装置，其中将其冷却到0℃至20℃的温度。作为冷却装置可以使用冷却辊、冷却台或冷风机。
将冷却的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜输送到切割装置，其中将其切割成合适的大小。该切割装置可以是具有切割刀片的机械装置或激光切割设备。
切割的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜可以毫无问题地存储以备进一步的加工。
切割的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜可以以多种方式来使用。优选地，将其用于制造至少两个透明和/或不透明的玻璃板与至少一个由至少一个楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜构成的中间层的可再分解或持久的复合件。
为此，在第一替代方案中，将切割的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜放置在具有抗粘合的表面或不具有抗粘合的表面的两个不透明或透明的玻璃板之间，之后热压所获得的设置。当所述表面没有构成为抗粘合的，获得在两个玻璃板之间的持久接合，即复合件。当所述表面构成为抗粘合的，所述复合件可以再次分解，这对于特定的使用目的可以是有利的。
在第二替代方案中，将至少两个全等的 (deckungsgleich)、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜精确地叠合放置和放置在具有抗粘合的表面或不具有抗粘合的表面的两个不透明或透明的玻璃板之间。然后，热压该设置，其中获得具有楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的可再分解或持久的复合件。该楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的楔角等于或基本上等于原始的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的两个楔角之和。
在可再分解的复合件的情况下，两个玻璃板可以从所述楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜脱离，从而可以将其另外地使用。以这种方式可以制造楔角 >0.3 mrad的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜。
通过这种方法可以制造持久的复合件，该复合件的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜同样具有>0.3 mrad，例如0.6 mrad的楔角。
为了通过热压制造所述复合件，有利地使用预接合方法（压延辊方法、施兰德（Schlangen）方法或真空袋方法）。所述方法可以借助于高压釜方法。
所述玻璃板本身可以根据其功能是不透明或透明的。它们可以由选自如下的材料构成：木材、纸张、金属、塑料和玻璃以及这些材料的混合物或复合件。特别优选地，使用玻璃和/或塑料作为透明的材料。
所述透明的复合玻璃板的第一玻璃板和/或第二玻璃板优选包括玻璃，特别优选平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃或钠钙玻璃，或者清澈的塑料，优选刚性的、清澈的塑料，特别是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或它们的混合物。
所述透明的玻璃板的厚度可以宽泛地变化，并且很好地匹配各种情况的要求。优选地，对于机动车玻璃，使用标准厚度0.5 mm至25 mm，优选1.4 mm至3 mm的玻璃板，对于家具、设备和建筑物，特别是对于电加热体优选使用标准厚度4 mm至25 mm的玻璃板。玻璃板的大小可以宽泛地变化，并且取决于本发明的装置的大小。第一玻璃板和任选的第二玻璃板例如在机动车制造和建筑领域中具有200 cm²至20 m² 的常见面积。
所述透明的玻璃板可以具有任意的三维形状。优选地，该三维形状不具有阴影区，从而使其例如可以通过阴极溅射涂覆。优选地，所述基材是平的或者在空间的一个方向或多个方向上轻微或剧烈地弯曲。特别地，使用平的基材。所述透明的玻璃板可以是无色的或着色的。
特别优选地，所述复合件以安全复合窗玻璃 (VSG) 的形式用作水陆空交通运输工具的窗户玻璃，特别是汽车，尤其轿车的挡风玻璃，用作建筑行业中的建筑构件，特别是用于屋顶的高架玻璃、玻璃墙、外墙、窗户玻璃、玻璃门、扶手栏杆、护栏玻璃、气窗或步道玻璃，以及用作家具和设备的构件，特别是在冰箱、冷冻柜或电加热体中。
非常特别优选地，所述安全复合窗玻璃用作汽车中的具有平视显示器（HUD）的挡风玻璃。
应当理解，上面提及和下面更详细阐述的特征不仅可以以指定的组合和配置使用，还可以以其它的组合和配置或者单独地使用，而不会脱离本发明的范围。
附图说明
本发明现在将借助示例性实施例更详细阐述，其中参照附图。在示意图中显示了：
图1 制造楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 1的流程图I；
图2 制造作为安全复合窗玻璃 (VSG) 的透明的复合件 9 的流程图II；
图3 制造作为安全复合窗玻璃 (VSG) 的透明的复合件 9 的流程图III，该复合件用于具有平视显示器 (HUD) 的挡风玻璃，和
图4 制造具有楔角 1a.2的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 1a 的流程图IV。
在图1至4中，附图标记具有下列含义：
1 楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜
1a 由至少两个楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 1 构成的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜
1.1 楔形的横截面轮廓
1.2 楔角
1a.2 作为至少两个楔角 1.2 之和的楔角
2 扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜
3 供料卷
4 加热滚筒
5 加热的加压辊
5.1 在加热的加压辊 5 之间的间隙
5.2 间隙 5.1 的净宽
6 拉伸装置
7 冷却装置
8 切割装置
9 复合件
10 玻璃板。
具体实施方式
图1显示了流程图I，其示意性地展示具有所希望的大小的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜1的制造。
为了制造，将宽度为1 m和厚度为760 µm的扁平的、透明的、清澈的PVB薄膜2从供料卷3展开并且输送到由钢制成的加热滚筒4和在那里加热至90℃的温度。从加热滚筒 4将加热的PVB薄膜2输送到两个长度为1 m的可加热的加压辊 5 的间隙 5.1。该间隙 5.1的净宽 5.2对应于待制造的楔形的热塑性PVB薄膜 1 的横截面轮廓 1.1。输出的楔形的热塑性PVB薄膜 1 具有所希望的0.3 mrad的楔角 1.2并且输送到作为拉伸装置 6 的拉伸锥体。拉伸的PVB薄膜 1 借助作为冷却装置 7 的冷风机和冷却台冷却并且进一步输送到机械切割装置 8，其中将其切割成所希望的大小。
图2显示了制造作为安全复合窗玻璃 (VSG) 的透明的复合件 9 的流程图II，该复合件用于汽车的具有平视显示器 (HUD) 的挡风玻璃。
为其制造，将宽度为1 m、长度为1.8 m和楔角1.2为0.3 mrad的切割的楔形的热塑性PVB薄膜 1 精确地放置在全等的、透明的浮法玻璃制成的玻璃板10上，该玻璃板不具有抗粘合的表面。然后，将另一个全等的、透明的浮法玻璃制成的玻璃板10放置在PVB薄膜1的开放侧上。然后将如下的设置：
浮法玻璃制成的玻璃板 10 / PVB薄膜 1 / 浮法玻璃制成的玻璃板 10
借助预接合方法（压延辊方法、施兰德方法或真空袋方法）和在此使用高压釜方法彼此持久牢固地接合。所获得的复合件 9 非常好地作为安全复合窗玻璃 (VSG) 适用于汽车的挡风玻璃。
图3显示了制造作为安全复合窗玻璃 (VSG) 的透明的复合件 9 的流程图III，该复合件用于汽车的具有平视显示器 (HUD) 的挡风玻璃。
为了制造，将楔角 1.2分别为0.3 mrad的两个全等的、楔形的热塑性PVB-薄膜 1精确地叠合放置。然后，将该叠合放置的PVB-薄膜 1 精确地放置在不具有抗粘合的表面的全等的、透明的浮法玻璃制成的玻璃板 10上。之后，将另一个全等的、透明的浮法玻璃制成的玻璃板 10 精确地放置在叠合放置的PVB-薄膜 1 的开放侧上。
之后，将如下的设置：
浮法玻璃制成的玻璃板 10 / PVB薄膜 1 / PVB薄膜 1 / 浮法玻璃制成的玻璃板10
借助预接合方法（压延辊方法、施兰德方法或真空袋方法）和在此使用高压釜方法彼此持久牢固地接合。所获得的具有熔接的PVB薄膜1a（楔角 1a.2为0.6 mrad）的复合件 9非常好地作为安全复合窗玻璃 (VSG) 适用于汽车的具有平视显示器 (HUD) 的挡风玻璃。
图4显示了制造透明的、清澈的PVB薄膜1a的流程图IV。
为其制造，将楔角 1.2分别为0.3 mrad的两个全等的、楔形的热塑性PVB-薄膜 1精确地叠合放置。然后，将该叠合放置的PVB-薄膜 1 精确地放置在具有抗粘合的表面的全等的金属玻璃板 10 上。之后，将另一个金属玻璃板 10 精确地放置在叠合放置的PVB-薄膜 1 的开放侧上。
之后，将如下的设置：
金属玻璃板 10 / PVB薄膜 1 / PVB薄膜 1 / 金属玻璃板 10
借助预接合方法（压延辊方法、施兰德方法或真空袋方法）和在此使用高压釜方法彼此可再分解地接合。在冷却之后，将熔接的PVB薄膜1a（楔角 1a.2为0.6 mrad）从复合件 9取出并且存储以备进一步的使用。

Claims (12)

1.用于制造楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1)的连续方法，其包括以下方法步骤：
(A) 从供料卷 (3) 展开扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜 (2) 并且将其进一步输送到加热滚筒 (4)，
(B) 使用加热滚筒 (4) 将展开的、扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜 (2) 加热到各个待加工的热塑性塑料的玻璃化温度以上和熔点温度以下的温度，并且将其进一步输送到加压辊(5)，
(C) 在两个加热的加压辊 (5) 之间的间隙 (5.1)中压制展开的、热的、扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜 (2)，这两个加热的加压辊具有各个待加工的热塑性塑料的玻璃化温度以上和熔点温度以下的温度，其中间隙 (5.1) 具有对应于待制造的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1)的横截面轮廓 (1.1) 的净宽 (5.2)，并且将其进一步输送到拉伸装置 (6)，
(D) 在拉伸装置中将所获得的具有楔形的横截面轮廓 (1.1) 的热的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 进行拉伸，并且将热的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 进一步输送到冷却装置 (7)，
(E) 在冷却装置 (7) 中将热的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 冷却到0℃至20℃的温度，并且将其进一步输送到切割装置 (8)，和
(F) 在切割装置 (8) 中将冷却的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 切割成所希望的大小。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜 (2) 的宽度为0.25 m至4.0 m 和其厚度为100 µm至2000 µm。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，所述扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜 (2) 是透明的。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜 (2) 由下列塑料构成：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚氨酯（PU）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯（PE）、聚碳酸酯（PC）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚缩醛树脂、浇注树脂、聚丙烯酸酯、氟化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚氟乙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物以及它们的共聚物和混合物。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其特征在于，所述扁平的热塑性塑料薄膜 (2) 由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）组成。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项的方法，其特征在于，在加热的加压辊 (5) 之间的间隙(5.1)的净宽 (5.2) 对应于楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 的横截面轮廓 (1.1)，其中楔角(1.2) 为0.01 mrad至0.7 mrad，优选0.1 mrad至0.3 mrad。
7.根据权利要求1至6任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述加热的加压辊 (5) 具有抗粘合的表面和/或压纹图案，其用于获得楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 的表面粗糙度。
8.使用至少一个中间层制造至少两个透明和/或不透明的玻璃板 (10) 的可再分解或持久的复合件 (9) 的方法，该中间层由至少一个根据权利要求1至7任一项的方法制造的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 和/或由至少两个根据权利要求1至7任一项的方法制造的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 形成的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1a) 构成，其特征在于，
(G)在具有或不具有抗粘合的表面的两个不透明或透明的玻璃板 (10) 之间热压冷却的、切割的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1)，
或替代地，
(H) 将至少两个全等的、楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 精确地叠合放置并且在具有或不具有抗粘合的表面的两个不透明或透明的玻璃板 (10) 之间压制成楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1a)，其中楔角 (1a.2) 等于或基本上等于两个楔角 (1.2) 之和。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其特征在于，从具有抗粘合的表面的可分解的复合件 (9)再次除去楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1) 或所获得的楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜 (1a)，或者将不具有抗粘合的表面的不透明或透明的玻璃板 (10) 由塑料薄膜 (1) 或塑料薄膜 (1a) 牢固地接合成持久的复合件 (9)。
10.根据权利要求8或9的方法，其特征在于，透明的玻璃板 (10) 的材料选自如下：平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或它们的混合物。
11.透明的复合件 (9)，其借助根据权利要求8至10任一项的方法制造。
12.根据权利要求11的透明的复合件 (9) 作为安全复合窗玻璃 (VSG) 的用途。
CN201780000242.2A 2016-03-11 2017-02-22 用于制造楔形的热塑性塑料薄膜的方法及其用途 Pending CN107614233A (zh)

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