CN107612985B - Urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method based on narrow-band Internet of things - Google Patents
Urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method based on narrow-band Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a narrow-band Internet of things-based urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method. The invention adopts a large-field-angle brightness measurement sensor and combines an omnibearing tripod head to solve the problem of complicated brightness measurement and sampling points, solves the problem of large-scale networking of sound or light pollution monitoring points by utilizing a narrow-band Internet of things, simultaneously draws a sound and light pollution map by visually displaying monitoring data, and provides scientific basis and data support for environmental protection departments by using the long-term monitoring sound and light pollution data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a narrow-band Internet of things technology-based urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method.
Background
Light pollution is a side effect product of industrial civilization and urbanization processes. With the continuous development of socio-economic and the continuous improvement of productivity level, various electric light sources are filled in every corner of the city. People obtain a safe, comfortable and beautiful night environment by virtue of urban night scene illumination, and meanwhile, a series of light pollution problems are brought along by unreasonable installation and use of a light source or a lamp in the urban construction process. The light pollution mainly comprises light invasion, excessive illumination, glare, light clutter, sky glow and the like. The light pollution wastes a large amount of electric energy and destroys night sky environment, and also brings serious influence to production, living and ecological systems of people.
Noise is the sound that is emitted when a sound source does random vibrations. Depending on the source of the noise, the noise can be classified into traffic noise, industrial noise, building noise, and social noise. The noise pollution is public nuisance, no pollutant exists, no harmful substance is left in the environment during propagation, the influence on the environment is not accumulated and is not lasting, the propagation distance is limited, the types of noise sources are many and are dispersed, and the centralized treatment cannot be realized. These noises can be extremely harmful to humans, animals, instrumentation and construction equipment.
Light pollution and noise pollution seriously affect the quality of life of people, are not beneficial to the sustainable development of social health, and need to arouse the attention of relevant environmental protection departments. Because the light pollution and the noise pollution have certain randomness and instantaneity in the space-time distribution, in order to obtain the real situation of the acousto-optic pollution, a corresponding acousto-optic pollution monitoring network system is very necessary to be established to carry out long-term monitoring on the acousto-optic or light pollution. The existing acousto-optic pollution monitoring is mainly pollution measurement in a short time, the measurement frequency is low, acousto-optic pollution cannot be monitored for a long time and durably, and in addition, an acousto-optic pollution monitoring network is not built in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a narrow-band Internet of things-based urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system so as to achieve long-term and lasting monitoring of acousto-optic pollution and build an acousto-optic pollution monitoring network in a large range. Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A narrow-band Internet of things-based urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system is characterized by comprising a large-field-angle light brightness measuring module (1), a noise measuring module (2), a power supply module (3), a core controller module (4), a wireless communication module (5), an operator base station (6), an Internet of things cloud platform (7), client software and a mobile terminal webpage (8);
the large-field-angle brightness measuring module comprises an omnibearing pan-tilt bracket (9) capable of rotating horizontally and in a pitching mode, a brightness meter (10) with a serial port communication function and measuring accuracy not lower than one level, and a group of lenses (11) close to an objective lens of the brightness meter and used for expanding the range of the measuring field angle; the measurement field angle range of the brightness meter with the added lens can reach 60-80 degrees, and the measurement result is the average brightness in the field angle;
the noise measurement module comprises an integral sound level meter and a support, wherein the measurement precision of the integral sound level meter is not lower than two levels, and the integral sound level meter is fixed on the support during measurement; the integral sound level is composed of a microphone, a preamplifier and a host; the microphone and the preamplifier are arranged at the head of the host machine and can be taken down from the integral sound level meter through the knurled nut, a digital display screen, an indicator lamp and a key switch are arranged on a panel of the host machine, an external power supply jack and a serial port communication interface are arranged at the bottom below the integral sound level meter, and a battery box is arranged at the back of the integral sound level meter and can be used for installing a battery;
the core controller module comprises a microcontroller, a serial interface circuit, a program downloading interface circuit, a level conversion circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator light circuit and a crystal oscillator circuit;
the wireless communication module comprises an NB-IoT wireless module, a debugging serial port interface circuit, a communication serial port interface circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator lamp circuit, a level conversion circuit, a USIM card interface circuit, a radio frequency antenna interface circuit and a software upgrading program downloading interface circuit;
the large-field-angle light brightness measuring module and the noise measuring module are distributed with a plurality of monitoring points in a monitoring area range, and the position of each monitoring point is kept fixed, so that the large-area sound and light pollution monitoring is realized; meanwhile, each monitoring point can but is not limited to measure corresponding data every day and upload the data to the cloud platform through the wireless communication module, so that long-term monitoring on sound and light pollution is realized;
the data communication is carried out between the Internet of things cloud platform and the operator base station as well as between the Internet of things cloud platform and the client application software, the client software is registered on the Internet of things cloud platform to obtain a unique identification code, data measured by the large-field-angle brightness measuring module and the noise measuring module are sent to the operator base station through the NB-IoT module and then further sent to the Internet of things cloud platform, the Internet of things cloud platform forwards the data to the corresponding client software according to the unique identification information of the received data, and the Internet of things cloud platform can also receive the data sent by the client software and then forwards the data to the specified NB-IoT wireless communication module through the operator base station;
the client software and the mobile terminal webpage comprise a server, a computer client and a mobile terminal webpage of a mobile phone; the method comprises the following steps that a server obtains noise or light pollution measurement data from an Internet of things cloud platform, processes the data and stores the data in a database in a lasting mode; the computer client software and the mobile terminal webpage inquire and acquire data from the server database, so that historical data and real-time data can be checked and compared, corresponding indexes of noise and light pollution are calculated, and an acousto-optic pollution map is drawn.
Preferably, the data frame sent by the controller module through the NB-IoT module includes a frame header with 2 bytes of fixed content, a total length of 2 bytes, the total length excluding the frame header and the check portion, a 1-byte data type, a 1-byte content length, the content length being a byte number of the data content portion, the data content being a measurement value corresponding to sound or light pollution, and a 2-byte check portion, where the multi-byte data portion may be in a format with a lower byte preceding and an upper byte succeeding, the frame header portion may be 0xFF, and the check portion may be CRC check.
Preferably, the omnibearing pan-tilt bracket in the large-field-angle brightness measurement module is provided with an RS485 serial port interface, the RS485 serial port interface is directly connected with a serial port of the core controller module for data communication, and the pan-tilt is controlled to rotate horizontally or in a pitching manner according to a control instruction sent by the core controller; the serial port of the brightness meter is directly connected with the serial port of the core controller module for data communication, receives request data sent by the controller and sends the measured brightness data to the controller;
the integral sound level meter in the noise measurement module is provided with a serial port interface, the serial port interface of the integral sound level meter is directly connected with the serial port of the core controller module for data communication, request data sent by the controller is received, and measured noise data are sent to the controller;
and the communication serial port of the NB-IoT module in the wireless communication module is directly connected with the serial port of the core controller module, and transmits the data received from the controller to the operator base station and transmits the data received from the operator base station to the controller.
Preferably, the rotation of the omnibearing pan-tilt support is controlled by adopting a PelcoD protocol, the outer diameter of the omnibearing pan-tilt support is not more than 30cm, the height of the omnibearing pan-tilt support is not more than 40cm, the horizontal load is more than 20Kg, the vertical load is more than 10Kg, the weight of the omnibearing pan-tilt support is not more than 5Kg, the horizontal rotation range is 330-360 degrees, the pitching rotation range is not less than +/-35 degrees, a 24V 50/60Hz alternating current power supply is adopted for supplying power, and the measurement range of the brightness meter is 0-1000 cd/m;
the brightness meter and the omnibearing pan-tilt bracket in the large-field-angle brightness measurement module are fixed through screws so as to ensure that the brightness meter rotates along with the pan-tilt; the brightness meter and the lens for expanding the measurement field angle are fastened by rotating threads; the brightness meter can be powered by an external direct current power supply or a dry battery;
the height of a sound level meter support in the noise measurement module is not lower than 1m, the sound level meter support is adjustable in height, the sound level meter can be fixed on the support through screws, and the orientation of the sound level meter can be adjusted at 720 degrees; the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter at least comprises 20Hz to 12.5KHz, the measuring range at least comprises 30dB to 130dB, and the adopted frequency weighting at least comprises an A weighting mode; the sound level meter can be powered by an external direct current power supply, a dry battery or a lithium battery.
The controller in the core controller module is at least provided with 3 communication serial ports so as to conveniently communicate with the NB-IoT module, the large-field-angle light brightness measuring module, the noise measuring module and the omnibearing holder bracket;
the Internet of things cloud platform can be built by itself or a third-party platform can be used;
the power module takes commercial power as an input power supply and can output various voltage levels, and an output power supply of the power module can be used as an input power supply of the omnibearing holder bracket, the brightness meter, the noise measurement module, the wireless communication module and the core controller module;
the maps required by drawing the sound or light pollution maps in the client software and the mobile terminal webpage module can be self-made maps or map application interfaces provided by third-party mechanisms;
the client software and the server in the mobile terminal webpage module need to be accessible by an external network, and the database can be a relational database or a non-relational database; the server can actively request the cloud platform of the Internet of things to pull data or actively push the data to the server; the client software and mobile terminal webpage software architecture comprises a view layer (12), a control layer (13), a model layer (14) and a database (15), wherein a user directly carries out interactive operation on the view layer, the control layer receives user operation input data transmitted by the view layer, checks the legality of user input, controls user input operation and sends data to the model layer, the model layer carries out adding, deleting, modifying and checking operations on the database according to a specific business process, and after calculation processing of the model layer, a result is sent to the view layer and displayed to the user.
The invention aims to provide a narrow-band Internet of things-based urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring method, and therefore the following technical scheme is provided.
A city acousto-optic pollution monitoring method based on a narrow-band Internet of things is characterized in that a plurality of monitoring points are arranged in a monitoring area to monitor noise and light pollution, a noise and light pollution map is drawn according to monitoring results, and the monitoring points are selected and arranged according to functional area division;
when monitoring light pollution, the monitoring points are used for measuring the brightness of light; measuring ambient brightness in living residential areas, public activity areas, administrative offices and commercial financial regions, and arranging a large-field-angle light brightness measuring module near at least one representative building in each area to monitor building floodlight illumination brightness; when the ambient brightness is measured, the monitoring point is selected at the center of the monitoring area or the position with the most pedestrians, the monitoring point is suitable for installation and operation of monitoring equipment, and meanwhile, direct irradiation of a light source is avoided; when the brightness of the night sky environment is measured, height control points in the monitoring area are selected as monitoring points, the distance between every two adjacent monitoring points is at least 2Km, and the height between each monitoring point and the ground is 1.5 m; the measurement time period is 22:00 to 06:00 every night, the measurement is carried out once every hour, 8 directions of east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north and northeast are respectively selected at each monitoring point, and four aiming measurement with the height angles of 0 degree, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees are respectively selected in each directionDirection, which is measured at least 3 times continuously to calculate the average ambient brightness in the field angle of the direction; when the brightness of a building is measured, selecting a surface representing the characteristics of the building, wherein measuring points on the surface of the same generation are not less than 3 points, and taking the arithmetic average value of the brightness of the measuring points as the measured brightness of the building; the luminance meter sends the measurement data to the controller through a serial port, the controller receives the data, sends the data to the NB-IoT wireless transmission module through the serial port, and finally sends the data to the Internet of things cloud platform through the operator base station, the client server obtains the luminance brightness measurement data from the Internet of things cloud platform, and for the same measurement direction at the same moment, the arithmetic average value of the multiple times of measurement data is taken as the measurement result of the direction at the moment; the brightness level evaluation level BLR is calculated,
wherein L isoIs the brightness of the object to be illuminated, LbgIs the background brightness; for the ambient brightness of the night sky, the average brightness L of the 90 DEG altitude measurement direction is calculated90(ii) a For BLR and L90The possible value ranges are divided into intervals, different intervals are marked by different colors, the longitude and latitude information and the monitoring range of each monitoring point are marked on a map, and the BLR or L corresponding to each monitoring point is found90Filling the monitoring range of the monitoring point with the color corresponding to the range of the actual measurement value, and drawing a light pollution map of the monitoring area;
during noise monitoring, one or more monitoring points capable of representing the environmental noise level of a rehabilitation area, a residential office area, a commercial financial area, an industrial production area and an urban traffic trunk area are selected for fixed-point long-term monitoring, the monitoring points are ensured to meet the measurement conditions of a sound level meter and can avoid a reflecting surface and a nearby fixed noise source, and administrative division is considered for the monitoring points; the sound level meter is fixed on the bracket, and the sound level meter is placed in a position where a monitoring point is at least 3.5 meters away from any reflector except the ground, the height of the monitoring point is more than 1.2 meters away from the ground, and the distance between the monitoring point and the intersection is more than 50 meters; the monitoring points can be arranged on a high-rise building to enlarge the monitoring sound receiving range; monitoring at least 1 time per quarter per year, each timeThe monitoring date of each area is relatively fixed, each monitoring point continuously monitors for 24 hours each time, and the weighting mode selects A to weight; monitoring under the conditions of no rain or snow, no thunder and lightning and wind speed below 5m/s, and meanwhile, additionally arranging a wind shield on a microphone of the sound level meter; the measured data of the sound level meter sequentially pass through the core controller, the NB-IoT wireless communication module, the operator base station and the Internet of things cloud platform and finally reach the client server, and the equivalent sound level L in each hour is calculatedeqDaytime equivalent sound level LdAnd the equivalent sound level L at nightnDay and night equivalent sound level LdnAnd cumulative percentage sound level L10、L50、L90(ii) a The index selected for drawing the noise pollution map can be the equivalent sound level L per houreq(ii) a Equivalent sound level L per houreqThe possible value range of the monitoring points is divided into intervals, different intervals are marked by different colors, the longitude and latitude information and the monitoring range of each monitoring point are marked on a map, the color corresponding to the interval range to which the equivalent sound level of each monitoring point belongs in each hour is found, the detection range of the monitoring point is filled with the color on the map, and the noise pollution map of the area is drawn.
Preferably, the longitude and latitude data of the monitoring point can be acquired by a professional GPS measuring instrument or a mobile phone with a GPS measuring function.
Preferably, the number of the noise monitoring points is adjusted according to the frequent population of the urban area, the number of the monitoring points of the extra-large city with the population number larger than 300 ten thousand is not less than 20, the number of the monitoring points of the large city with the population number between 100 ten thousand and 300 ten thousand is not less than 15, the number of the monitoring points of the medium city with the population number between 50 ten thousand and 100 ten thousand is not less than 10, and the number of the monitoring points of the small city with the population number smaller than 50 ten thousand is not less than 7.
According to the urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system and method based on the narrow-band Internet of things, the acousto-optic pollution monitoring network is built by combining the brightness meter with the omnibearing holder and the sound level meter and utilizing the narrow-band Internet of things technology, a plurality of monitoring points are distributed in a regional range to solve the problem of large-range long-term monitoring of urban acousto-optic pollution, and meanwhile, the acousto-optic pollution monitoring result is visually displayed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a light pollution measuring module according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the controller module serial port receiving acousto-optic pollution measurement data according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the controller module serial port receiving wireless module data of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the controller module operation of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the client software and mobile web page software architecture according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a data frame format according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The system structure in the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on the narrow-band Internet of things comprises a large-field-angle light brightness measuring module 1, a noise measuring module 2, a power supply module 3, a core controller module 4, a wireless communication module 5, an operator base station 6, an Internet of things cloud platform 7, client software and a mobile terminal webpage module 8. Because the sound and light pollution has space-time property, the influence on the environment is not accumulated and lasting, and the propagation distance is limited, a sound and light pollution monitoring network is required to be built in a large-scale area to carry out long-term monitoring on the sound and light pollution.
The narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) is a wireless communication technical standard of 3GPP facing the field of low-power-consumption wide-area internet of things, works in an authorized spectrum range, adopts designs such as 200KHz bandwidth, repeated transmission, simplified network protocols and the like, has the characteristics of wide coverage range, low power consumption and large connection quantity, and can be directly deployed in a mobile cellular network of a telecom operator.
The wide-field-angle brightness measuring module comprises an omnibearing pan-tilt bracket 9 capable of rotating horizontally and in a pitching mode, a brightness meter 10 with a serial port communication function and measuring accuracy not lower than one level, and a group of lenses 11 close to the objective lens of the brightness meter and used for expanding the range of the measuring field angle; the measurement field angle range of the brightness meter with the added lens can reach 60-80 degrees, and the measurement result is the average brightness in the field angle; because the light pollution has certain directionality, the luminance meter should be fixed on the all-round cloud platform, and the level or the pitch rotation together with the cloud platform realize the monitoring to the ambient light brightness around the monitoring point.
The noise measurement module comprises an integral sound level meter and a bracket, wherein the measurement precision of the integral sound level meter is not lower than two levels, and the integral sound level meter is fixed on the bracket during measurement; the integral sound level is composed of a microphone, a preamplifier and a host; the microphone and the preamplifier are arranged at the head of the host machine and can be taken down from the integral sound level meter through the knurled nut, a digital display screen, an indicator lamp and a key switch are arranged on a panel of the host machine, an external power supply jack and a serial port communication interface are arranged at the bottom below the integral sound level meter, and a battery box is arranged at the back of the integral sound level meter and can be used for installing a battery;
the core controller module comprises a microcontroller supporting interruption, timing and serial communication functions, a serial interface circuit, a program downloading interface circuit, a level conversion circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator lamp circuit and a crystal oscillator circuit;
the wireless communication module comprises an NB-IoT wireless module, a debugging serial port interface circuit, a communication serial port interface circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator lamp circuit, a level conversion circuit, a USIM card interface circuit, a radio frequency antenna interface circuit and a software upgrading program downloading interface circuit;
the data communication is carried out between the Internet of things cloud platform and the operator base station as well as between the Internet of things cloud platform and the client application software, the client software is registered on the Internet of things cloud platform to obtain a unique identification code, data measured by the large-field-angle brightness measuring module and the noise measuring module are sent to the operator base station through the NB-IoT module and then further sent to the Internet of things cloud platform, the Internet of things cloud platform forwards the data to the corresponding client software according to the unique identification information of the received data, and the Internet of things cloud platform can also receive the data sent by the client software and then forwards the data to the designated NB-IoT wireless communication module through the operator base station;
the client software and the mobile terminal webpage comprise a server, a computer client and a mobile terminal webpage of a mobile phone; the method comprises the following steps that a server obtains noise or light pollution measurement data from an Internet of things cloud platform, processes the data and stores the data in a database in a lasting mode; the computer client software and the mobile terminal webpage inquire and acquire data from the server database, so that historical data and real-time data can be checked and compared, corresponding indexes of noise and light pollution are calculated, and an acousto-optic pollution map is drawn.
The luminance measurement has certain directionality, the field angle measurement range of the traditional luminance meter 10 is about 1-3 degrees, when the ambient brightness is measured, a large number of frequent point collection in the measurement range is needed, the operation is complicated and complex, and the efficiency is low. The luminance meter in this embodiment has the RS232 serial ports, can communicate with the controller, and available dry battery or external power supply are to the luminance meter power supply. Meanwhile, the brightness meter and the omnibearing tripod head 9 are combined, the brightness meter is fixed on the omnibearing tripod head through screws, and the omnibearing monitoring of the ambient light environment is realized through the omnibearing tripod head capable of rotating horizontally and in pitching.
In order to draw an acoustic or optical pollution map, a plurality of fixed monitoring points are required to be arranged in an area range to monitor the acoustic or optical pollution condition for a long time, and the monitoring points are selected and arranged according to functional area division.
In the measurement of the light brightness, the ambient brightness is measured in areas such as a living residential area, a public activity area, an administrative office (industrial) area, a commercial financial area and the like, and a large-field-angle light brightness measurement module is arranged near at least one representative building in each area to monitor the building floodlight illumination brightness. When measuring the ambient brightness, the monitoring point is selected at the center of the area or the position with the most pedestrians as much as possible to be suitable for monitoringThe installation and operation of the equipment should be avoided simultaneously with the direct irradiation of the light source. When the environment brightness of the night sky is measured, high points such as a roof and the like in an area are selected to arrange the large-field-angle brightness measuring module, and the distance between adjacent monitoring points is at least 2 Km. The brightness meter is fixed on the omnibearing pan-tilt and rotates along with the pan-tilt, and the height of a measuring point from the ground is 1.5 m; the luminance measurement time interval is from 22:00 to 06:00 at night every day, the measurement is carried out once per hour, 8 directions of east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north and northeast are respectively selected at each monitoring point, four aiming measurement directions with the height angles of 0 degree, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees are respectively selected in each direction, and the average ambient luminance in the field angle of the direction is calculated by at least continuously measuring for 3 times. When the brightness of a building is measured, a surface representing the building characteristics is selected, the measured points on the surface of the same generation are not less than 3 points, and the arithmetic mean value of the measured point brightness is taken as the measured brightness of the building. The luminance meter sends the measured data to the controller through the serial port, the controller receives the data and then sends the data to the NB-IoT wireless transmission module through the serial port, the data are finally sent to the Internet of things cloud platform through the operator base station, the client server obtains the luminance brightness measured data from the Internet of things cloud platform, and for the same measuring direction at the same moment, the arithmetic mean value of the measured data for multiple times is taken as the measuring result of the direction at the moment. For the building flood lighting brightness, the brightness level rating BLR described in the City Environment (decorative) Lighting Specification (DB 31/T316-2012) is calculated,
wherein L isoIs the brightness of the object to be illuminated, LbgIs the background brightness; for the night sky brightness, the average brightness L for the 90 ° altitude measurement direction is calculated90。
The noise pollution measuring module comprises a sound level meter and a bracket, wherein the accuracy of the sound level meter is an integral sound level meter or a noise statistical analyzer with two or more levels. In the embodiment, an AWA5636-3 type sound level meter is selected, the sound level meter has a measurement frequency range of 20Hz to 12.5KHz and a measurement range of 30dB to 130dB, and supports an A, C, Z frequency weighting mode; the sound level meter is provided with an RS232 serial port, can communicate with the controller, transmits noise measurement data, and can be powered by a dry battery, a lithium battery or an external power supply.
During noise measurement, one or more measuring points capable of representing the environmental noise level of a rehabilitation area, a residential office area, a commercial financial area, an industrial production area, an urban main traffic line and other areas are selected for long-term monitoring, the monitoring points are ensured to meet the measuring conditions of a sound level meter and can avoid a reflecting surface and a nearby fixed noise source, and administrative division is considered for the monitoring points. The sound level meter is fixed on the bracket, the sound level meter is placed, the monitoring point is required to be at least 3.5 meters away from any reflector (except the ground), the height of the monitoring point is more than 1.2 meters away from the ground, the distance between the monitoring point and the intersection is more than 50 meters, and the monitoring point can be placed on a high-rise building if necessary to expand the monitoring sound receiving range. The measurement is carried out at fixed time every week, holidays are avoided, the monitoring date of each area is relatively fixed, each monitoring point continuously monitors for 24 hours every time, the weighting mode is selected to count the weight A, monitoring is required under the conditions of rain and snow-free weather and thunder and lightning-free weather and wind speed of less than 5m/s, and meanwhile, a wind shield is additionally arranged on a microphone of a sound level meter. A 1 second equivalent a sound level measurement L is measured every 5 secondseq1Calculating the equivalent sound level L per houreqDaytime equivalent sound level LdEquivalent sound level L with nightnDay and night equivalent A sound level LdnAnd cumulative percentage sound level L10、L50、L90. When the measurement is sampling measurement and the sampling time interval is fixed, the equivalent continuous A sound level in the specified time is LAeqIt is shown that,
where n is the total number of samples, LAiThe measured a sound level for the ith sample.
In order to draw an acousto-optic pollution map, when a light or noise pollution monitoring module is placed, longitude and latitude information of a monitoring point is acquired and recorded by using equipment with a GPS function, such as a mobile phone, and the monitoring point is conveniently marked on the map by application software in the later period.
The core controller module comprises a microcontroller and a serial port interface circuit which support the functions of interruption, timing, serial port communication and the like, a program downloading interface circuit, a level conversion circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator lamp circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit and the like, wherein the microcontroller is at least provided with 3 serial port interfaces, the embodiment selects an STM32L051C8T6 microcontroller to communicate with a brightness measurement module or a noise measurement module through an RS232 serial port, communicates with a wireless communication module (NB-IoT) through the RS232 serial port, communicates with an omnibearing cradle head through an RS485 serial port, and supplies power to the controller module through an external power supply. The work flow chart of the controller is shown in fig. 5, the flow chart of the serial port interrupt receiving sound or light pollution measurement data is shown in fig. 3, and the flow chart of the serial port interrupt receiving wireless communication module is shown in fig. 4. The controller requests the large-field-angle light brightness measuring module and the noise measuring module to obtain a measured value at regular time through the internal timer, obtains measured data in an asynchronous interrupt mode, receives the sound/light pollution measured value in a serial port interrupt processing function, and puts the sound/light pollution measured value into a receiving queue. And after the controller processes the data in the receiving queue, the data is put into the sending queue. The controller regularly checks whether data need to be sent in the sending queue, if so, the data are sent to the narrowband Internet of things wireless communication module through the serial port, meanwhile, the data sent by the remote server are received, the data are analyzed, and corresponding response actions are made.
The power module in this embodiment uses commercial power as an input power, and after the conversion of the switching power supply and the adapter, the power module can output a direct current power supply and an alternating current power supply, and can be used as the input power of a brightness meter, an omnibearing holder, a sound level meter, a controller and an NB-IoT wireless communication module.
The wireless communication module comprises a narrow-band Internet of things (NB-IoT) wireless module, a debugging serial port interface circuit, a communication serial port interface circuit, an LED indicating lamp circuit, a level conversion circuit, a USIM card interface circuit, a radio frequency antenna interface circuit and a software upgrading program downloading interface circuit. The NB-IoT communication serial port is directly connected with the serial port of the core controller module, the data received from the controller is sent to the Internet of things cloud platform through the operator base station, and the data received from the operator base station is sent to the controller. The debugging serial port of the NB-IoT can be directly connected with the serial port of the computer, so that the running state and information of the NB-IoT module can be conveniently checked in the debugging process.
And the Internet of things cloud platform is in network communication with the operator base station and the client application software. And the client software is registered on the Internet of things cloud platform to acquire the unique identification code. The data measured by the large-field-angle light brightness measuring module and the noise measuring module are sent to an operator base station through the NB-IoT wireless module, and then further sent to the Internet of things cloud platform, and the Internet of things cloud platform forwards the data to corresponding client software according to the unique identification information of the received data. The internet of things cloud platform can also receive data sent by the client software, and then forwards the data to the designated NB-IoT module through the operator base station.
The client software and the mobile terminal web page described in this embodiment include a server accessible by an external network, desktop client software operated by a computer terminal, and a mobile terminal web page accessible by a mobile phone browser. And the server side is developed by adopting Java language. The server can actively request the cloud platform of the internet of things to obtain the latest sound or light pollution measurement quantity, when the server receives data from the cloud platform of the internet of things, the data is checked firstly, if the data content is incomplete, the data is discarded, otherwise, the data is stored in the database, the database at least comprises a data table for storing the position information of the monitoring point and the monitoring range area, and a data table for sound or light pollution measurement data, data types and measurement time, and the MySql relational database is selected to store the measurement data so as to review historical monitoring data and calculate related indexes. Meanwhile, the server can also provide WEB services for computer client software and mobile terminal webpages. Computer client software is developed by adopting C # language, and historical or current monitoring data, calculated corresponding pollution indexes and a drawn pollution map can be checked according to dates. The mobile terminal webpage is developed by adopting HTML5 and CSS3 technologies, a software architecture comprises a view layer 12, a control layer 13, a model layer 14 and a database 15, wherein a user directly carries out interactive operation on the view layer, the control layer receives user operation input data transmitted by the view layer, controls user input operation and sends data to the model layer, the model layer carries out operations of adding, deleting, changing, checking and the like on the database according to a specific business process, and after calculation processing of the model layer, a result is sent to the view layer and displayed to the user.
When drawing the sound or light pollution map, the embodiment selects a third-party map interface to develop software.
When drawing a light pollution map, segmenting the value ranges of the building brightness level and the night sky background brightness at intervals according to fixed length intervals, representing each segment by different colors, marking monitoring points on the map according to the longitude and latitude information of the monitoring points, marking the monitoring ranges of the monitoring points by circles or irregular shapes, drawing monitoring range outlines, then taking the colors of corresponding intervals according to the actual measurement values of the monitoring points, and filling the monitoring areas with corresponding colors on the map.
When drawing the sound pollution map, calculating the average level L of the environmental noise of a certain area,
wherein L isiRepresenting the continuous equivalent A sound level, S, of the day (or night) measured at the ith measuring point in the areaiThe area of the area represented by the ith measuring point in the area is shown, and S represents the total area of the area. The environmental noise level of the area is segmented at intervals according to intervals of fixed length, each segment is represented by different colors, monitoring points are marked on a map according to longitude and latitude information of the monitoring points, then the outline of an area monitoring range is drawn on the map, then the color of the corresponding interval is taken according to the actual measurement value of the monitoring points, and the monitoring area is filled with the corresponding color on the map.
The client software can check the measurement data of each monitoring point in real time and can also send a specified control instruction such as stopping or starting monitoring to the sound or light pollution monitoring module. In order to facilitate operations such as viewing and management of a user, the mobile terminal webpage is developed in the embodiment, and the user can view sound or light pollution maps, corresponding calculation indexes, control instruction sending and the like of each monitoring area by accessing the webpage through a mobile phone browser.
The data frame sent by the controller module through the NB-IoT module, as shown in fig. 7, includes a frame header with 2 bytes of fixed content, a total length of 2 bytes, the total length excluding the frame header and a check portion, a 1-byte data type, a 1-byte content length, the content length being a byte number of a data content portion, the data content being a measurement value corresponding to sound or light pollution, and a 2-byte check portion, where the multi-byte data portion may be, but is not limited to, a format with a lower byte preceding and an upper byte succeeding, the frame header portion may be, but is not limited to, 0xFF, and the check portion may be, but is not limited to, CRC check.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A narrow-band Internet of things-based urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system is characterized by comprising a large-field-angle light brightness measuring module (1), a noise measuring module (2), a power supply module (3), a core controller module (4), a wireless communication module (5), an operator base station (6), an Internet of things cloud platform (7), client software and a mobile terminal webpage (8);
the large-field-angle brightness measuring module comprises an omnibearing pan-tilt bracket (9) capable of rotating horizontally and in a pitching mode, a brightness meter (10) with a serial port communication function and measuring accuracy not lower than one level, and a group of lenses (11) close to an objective lens of the brightness meter and used for expanding the range of the measuring field angle; the measurement field angle range of the brightness meter with the added lens can reach 60-80 degrees, and the measurement result is the average brightness in the field angle;
the noise measurement module comprises an integral sound level meter and a support, wherein the measurement precision of the integral sound level meter is not lower than two levels, and the integral sound level meter is fixed on the support during measurement; the integral sound level meter consists of a microphone, a preamplifier and a host; the microphone and the preamplifier are arranged at the head of the host machine and can be taken down from the integral sound level meter through the knurled nut, a digital display screen, an indicator lamp and a key switch are arranged on a panel of the host machine, an external power supply jack and a serial port communication interface are arranged at the bottom below the integral sound level meter, and a battery box is arranged at the back of the integral sound level meter and can be used for installing a battery;
the core controller module comprises a microcontroller, a serial interface circuit, a program downloading interface circuit, a level conversion circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator light circuit and a crystal oscillator circuit;
the wireless communication module comprises an NB-IoT wireless module, a debugging serial port interface circuit, a communication serial port interface circuit, a reset circuit, an LED indicator lamp circuit, a level conversion circuit, a USIM card interface circuit, a radio frequency antenna interface circuit and a software upgrading program downloading interface circuit;
the large-field-angle light brightness measuring module and the noise measuring module are distributed with a plurality of monitoring points in a monitoring area range, and the position of each monitoring point is kept fixed, so that the large-area sound and light pollution monitoring is realized; meanwhile, each monitoring point can but is not limited to measure corresponding data every day and upload the data to the cloud platform through the wireless communication module, so that long-term monitoring on sound and light pollution is realized;
the data communication is carried out between the Internet of things cloud platform and the operator base station as well as between the Internet of things cloud platform and the client application software, the client software is registered on the Internet of things cloud platform to obtain a unique identification code, data measured by the large-field-angle brightness measuring module and the noise measuring module are sent to the operator base station through the NB-IoT module and then further sent to the Internet of things cloud platform, the Internet of things cloud platform forwards the data to the corresponding client software according to the unique identification information of the received data, and the Internet of things cloud platform can also receive the data sent by the client software and then forwards the data to the specified NB-IoT wireless communication module through the operator base station;
the client software and the mobile terminal webpage comprise a server, a computer client and a mobile terminal webpage of a mobile phone; the method comprises the following steps that a server obtains noise or light pollution measurement data from an Internet of things cloud platform, processes the data and stores the data in a database in a lasting mode; the computer client software and the mobile terminal webpage inquire and acquire data from the server database, so that historical data and real-time data can be checked and compared, corresponding indexes of noise and light pollution are calculated, and an acousto-optic pollution map is drawn.
2. The city acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on narrowband internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data frame sent by the controller module through NB-IoT module includes a frame header with 2 bytes of fixed content, a total length of 2 bytes excluding the frame header and a check part, a data type of 1 byte, a content length of 1 byte, the content length being the number of bytes of the data content part, the data content being a measurement value corresponding to acoustic or optical pollution, and a check part of 2 bytes, wherein the multi-byte data part is in a format with a lower byte in front and an upper byte in back, the frame header part is 0xFF, and the check part is CRC check.
3. The urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on the narrow-band Internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein an omnidirectional pan-tilt bracket in the large-field-angle brightness measurement module is provided with an RS485 serial port interface, the RS485 serial port interface is directly connected with a serial port of a core controller module for data communication, and the pan-tilt is controlled to rotate horizontally or in a pitching manner according to a control instruction sent by the core controller; the serial port of the brightness meter is directly connected with the serial port of the core controller module for data communication, receives request data sent by the controller and sends the measured brightness data to the controller;
the integral sound level meter in the noise measurement module is provided with a serial port interface, the serial port interface of the integral sound level meter is directly connected with the serial port of the core controller module for data communication, request data sent by the controller is received, and measured noise data are sent to the controller;
and the communication serial port of the NB-IoT module in the wireless communication module is directly connected with the serial port of the core controller module, and transmits the data received from the controller to the operator base station and transmits the data received from the operator base station to the controller.
4. The urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring system based on narrowband internet of things according to claim 3, wherein the omnidirectional holder support is controlled to rotate by a PelcoD protocol, the omnidirectional holder support has an outer diameter of no more than 30cm, a height of no more than 40cm, a horizontal load of more than 20Kg, a vertical load of more than 10Kg, a weight of no more than 5Kg, a horizontal rotation range of 330-360 degrees, a pitching rotation range of no less than +/-35 degrees, and a 24V 50/60Hz AC power supply for power supply, and the measurement range of the brightener is 0-1000 cd/m2；
The brightness meter and the omnibearing pan-tilt bracket in the large-field-angle brightness measurement module are fixed through screws so as to ensure that the brightness meter rotates along with the pan-tilt; the brightness meter and the lens for expanding the measurement field angle are fastened by rotating threads; the brightness meter is powered by an external direct current power supply or a dry battery;
the height of a sound level meter support in the noise measurement module is not lower than 1m, the sound level meter support is adjustable in height, the sound level meter is fixed on the support through screws, and the orientation of the sound level meter can be adjusted at 720 degrees; the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter at least comprises 20Hz to 12.5KHz, and the measuring range at least comprises 30dB to 130 dB; the sound level meter is powered by an external direct current power supply, a dry battery or a lithium battery;
the controller in the core controller module is at least provided with 3 communication serial ports so as to conveniently communicate with the NB-IoT module, the large-field-angle light brightness measuring module, the noise measuring module and the omnibearing holder bracket;
the Internet of things cloud platform is built or a third party platform is used by the Internet of things cloud platform;
the power module takes commercial power as an input power supply and can output various voltage levels, and an output power supply of the power module can be used as an input power supply of the omnibearing holder bracket, the brightness meter, the noise measurement module, the wireless communication module and the core controller module;
the map required by drawing the sound or light pollution map in the client software and the mobile terminal webpage module is a map application interface provided by a self-made map or a third party organization;
the client software and the server in the mobile terminal webpage module need to be accessed by an external network, and the database is a relational database or a non-relational database; the server can actively request the cloud platform of the Internet of things to pull data or actively push the data to the server; the client software and mobile terminal webpage software architecture comprises a view layer (12), a control layer (13), a model layer (14) and a database (15), wherein a user directly carries out interactive operation on the view layer, the control layer receives user operation input data transmitted by the view layer, checks the legality of user input, controls user input operation and sends data to the model layer, the model layer carries out adding, deleting, modifying and checking operations on the database according to a specific business process, and after calculation processing of the model layer, a result is sent to the view layer and displayed to the user.
5. A city acousto-optic pollution monitoring method based on a narrow-band Internet of things is characterized in that a plurality of monitoring points are arranged in a monitoring area to monitor noise and light pollution, a noise and light pollution map is drawn according to monitoring results, and the monitoring points are selected and arranged according to functional area division;
when monitoring light pollution, the monitoring points are used for measuring the brightness of light; measuring ambient brightness in living residential areas, public activity areas, administrative offices and commercial financial regions, and arranging a large-field-angle light brightness measuring module near at least one representative building in each area to monitor the building floodlight brightness; when the ambient brightness is measured, the monitoring point is selected at the center of the monitoring area or the position with the most pedestrians, the monitoring point is suitable for installation and operation of monitoring equipment, and meanwhile, direct irradiation of a light source is avoided; when the brightness of the night sky environment is measured, height control points in the monitoring area are selected as monitoring points, the distance between adjacent monitoring points is at least 2Km, and the height between the monitoring points and the ground is 1.5 m; the measurement time period is 22:00 to 06:00 every night, the measurement is carried out once every hour, 8 directions of east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north and northeast are respectively selected at each monitoring point, and the height is respectively selected in each directionAiming at the four measurement directions with angles of 0 degree, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, and continuously measuring for at least 3 times to calculate the average ambient brightness in the field angle of the direction; when the brightness of a building is measured, selecting a surface representing the characteristics of the building, wherein measuring points on the surface of the same generation are not less than 3 points, and taking the arithmetic average value of the brightness of the measuring points as the measured brightness of the building; the luminance meter sends the measurement data to the controller through a serial port, the controller receives the data, sends the data to the NB-IoT wireless transmission module through the serial port, and finally sends the data to the Internet of things cloud platform through the operator base station, the client server obtains the luminance brightness measurement data from the Internet of things cloud platform, and for the same measurement direction at the same moment, the arithmetic average value of the multiple times of measurement data is taken as the measurement result of the direction at the moment; the brightness level evaluation level BLR is calculated,
wherein L isoIs the brightness of the object to be illuminated, LbgIs the background brightness; for the ambient brightness of the night sky, the average brightness L of the 90 DEG altitude measurement direction is calculated90(ii) a For BLR and L90The possible value ranges are divided into intervals, different intervals are marked by different colors, the longitude and latitude information and the monitoring range of each monitoring point are marked on a map, and the BLR or L corresponding to each monitoring point is found90Filling the monitoring range of the monitoring point with the color on the map according to the color corresponding to the range of the actual measurement value, and drawing the light pollution map of the monitoring area;
when in noise monitoring, one or more monitoring points which can represent the environmental noise level of a rehabilitation area, a residential office area, a commercial financial area, an industrial production area and an urban traffic trunk area are selected for fixed-point long-term monitoring, the monitoring points are ensured to meet the measurement conditions of a sound level meter and can avoid a reflecting surface and a nearby fixed noise source, and the monitoring points are divided into administrative areas; the sound level meter is fixed on the bracket, and the sound level meter is placed in a position where a monitoring point is at least 3.5 meters away from any reflector except the ground, the height of the monitoring point is more than 1.2 meters away from the ground, and the distance between the monitoring point and the intersection is more than 50 meters; the monitoring points can be arranged on a high-rise building to enlarge the monitoring sound receiving range;monitoring for at least 1 time every quarter every year, wherein the monitoring date of each area is relatively fixed, and each monitoring point continuously monitors for 24 hours each time; monitoring under the conditions of no rain or snow, no thunder and lightning and wind speed below 5m/s, and meanwhile, additionally arranging a wind shield on a microphone of the sound level meter; the measured data of the sound level meter sequentially pass through a core controller, an NB-IoT wireless communication module, an operator base station and an Internet of things cloud platform and finally reach a client server, and the equivalent sound level L in each hour is calculatedeqDaytime equivalent sound level LdAnd the equivalent sound level L at nightnDay and night equivalent sound level LdnAnd cumulative percentage sound level L10、L50、L90(ii) a The index selected by drawing the noise pollution map is the equivalent sound level L per houreq(ii) a Equivalent sound level L per houreqThe possible value range of the monitoring points is divided into intervals, different intervals are marked by different colors, the latitude and longitude information and the monitoring range of each monitoring point are marked on a map, the color corresponding to the interval range to which the equivalent sound level of each monitoring point belongs in each hour is found, the detection range of the monitoring point is filled with the color on the map, and the noise pollution map of the area is drawn.
6. The urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring method based on the narrow-band Internet of things as claimed in claim 5, wherein the longitude and latitude data of the monitoring point can be acquired by a professional GPS measuring instrument or a mobile phone with a GPS measuring function.
7. The urban acousto-optic pollution monitoring method based on the narrow-band Internet of things as claimed in claim 5, wherein the number of the noise monitoring points is adjusted according to the population of the urban area residents, the number of the monitoring points for the extra-large cities with the population of more than 300 ten thousand is not less than 20, the number of the monitoring points for the large cities with the population of between 100 ten thousand and 300 ten thousand is not less than 15, the number of the monitoring points for the medium cities with the population of between 50 ten thousand and 100 ten thousand is not less than 10, and the number of the monitoring points for the small cities with the population of less than 50 ten thousand is not less than 7.
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| CN109855684A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-06-07 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司电子计算技术研究所 | Ess-strain monitoring method and device |
| CN110765641B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2023-04-14 | 山东大学 | Method for quantitatively calculating optical observation light pollution |
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