CN113252851A - Atmospheric pollution monitoring system based on NB-IoT and edge calculation - Google Patents
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- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric pollution monitoring system based on NB-IoT technology and edge calculation, which comprises a perception layer, a transmission and processing layer and a platform layer. The sensing layer takes an STM32 processor as a main control chip, atmospheric pollutant information is collected by the aid of the laser dust sensor and the gas sensor, monitoring data are sent to the edge computing server through the NB-IoT network base station and are cooperatively processed with the cloud server, real-time analysis and processing of the atmospheric pollutant data are achieved, the processed data are uploaded to the upper computer, and early warning functions can be achieved by means of the position of a pollution source on an online positioning map and by means of short messages or by means of real-time viewing of pollution indexes through Web pages. According to the invention, a mode of carrying out cooperative processing of the plurality of edge computing servers and the cloud server is implemented through NB-IoT wireless communication network transmission, so that the load of a cloud platform is reduced, the data transmission efficiency and the accuracy of atmospheric pollution data monitoring are improved, the acquisition, transmission, analysis processing, early warning and positioning of atmospheric pollution monitoring are realized in an all-round manner, and convenience is provided for users to know the atmospheric pollution condition in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things and environmental monitoring, in particular to an atmospheric pollution monitoring system based on NB-IoT and marginal computing.
Background
With the development of economic technology in China, the urban industrialization development level is continuously improved, the consumption of various resources is gradually increased, and because the waste pollution is randomly discharged in the early stage of industry and the scientific development level is relatively lagged, the problem of air pollution becomes one of important factors influencing the living environment and the body health of people, and the problem of air pollution needs to be solved urgently. With the development of the internet of things technology, the existing atmospheric pollution monitoring is changed from the former manual on-site monitoring to remote automatic and intelligent monitoring, monitoring data are uploaded to a cloud management platform at fixed points and fixed time, and the rapidity, accuracy and stability of the monitoring data are the core requirements of the design of an atmospheric pollution monitoring system. Present atmospheric pollution monitoring equipment usually uses ground fixed point monitoring and the on-vehicle mobile monitoring of public transport as the main, has the big, the narrow, poor influence scheduling problem of network signal of uploading the data volume, concrete performance: 1) monitoring points generally upload monitoring data in a non-difference, full-quantity and fixed-point timing manner, and a monitoring management platform is easy to overload flow; 2) The fixed monitoring station has high cost, and the vehicle-mounted mobile monitoring station is difficult to cover all areas of the whole city and meet the monitoring requirement; 3) the position with poor suburb signal intensity is difficult to upload the atmosphere monitoring data according to the sampling period or the transmission network signal fluctuates when the meteorological condition is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides an atmosphere pollution detection system based on NB-IoT and edge calculation.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an atmospheric pollution monitoring system based on NB-IoT and edge calculation is composed of a sensing layer, a transmission and processing layer and an application layer. The sensing layer is positioned at the lowermost layer, the transmission and processing layer is positioned at the middle layer, the application layer is positioned at the uppermost layer and is a monitoring terminal device, the transmission and processing layer comprises an NB-IoT communication base station, an edge computing server and a cloud server, and the application layer can realize the functions of positioning and early warning of pollution sources;
furthermore, a hardware part of a monitoring terminal device of the sensing layer is composed of a power supply, an STM32 main controller, a GPS antenna, a BC-95 communication module, a gas sensor and a laser dust sensor, an STM32 processor is used as a control unit, the gas sensor is used for collecting information of polluted gas in the atmosphere, the collected data are subjected to data interaction with an edge computing server and a cloud platform through an NB-IoT communication module at fixed time and fixed points, and the GPS antenna device can position the monitoring terminal in real time;
further, the monitoring terminal device adopts a gas sensor to measure the atmosphere pollution gas such as sulfur dioxide (SO) in each area2) Nitrogen dioxide (NO)2) Sampling carbon monoxide (CO), and transmitting digital output to an STM32 main control chip through a UART interface by analog-to-digital conversion;
furthermore, the monitoring terminal device adopts a laser dust sensor to automatically sample and detect inhalable particles in the atmosphere of each area, and a laser particle counting system in the sensor is connected with an STM32 main control chip through an SPI (serial peripheral interface) to transmit data signals;
further, the NB-IoT network transmission base station is a mobile data transmission base station, and the working principle of the NB-IoT network transmission base station is that data collected by each monitoring terminal in a city are converted into NB-IoT frames to be encoded and transmitted to the NB-IoT transmission base station, and after the NB-IoT frames are packaged and combined, data packets are uploaded to an edge computing server through an MQTT protocol;
furthermore, the edge calculation server of the transmission and processing layer compares the acquired actual value with a pollutant concentration threshold value, selects an isolated forest algorithm to screen out an abnormal value of the monitoring data concentration, selects a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to monitor an atmospheric pollution data value, eliminates nonlinearity and adjusts a hysteresis effect, and plays a role in preprocessing;
furthermore, in a mode that the edge computing server and the cloud server are in cooperation, data which are required to be processed in time and have standard exceeding pollution indexes are preferentially put into the edge computing server for processing through NB-IoT communication, and data which are not required to be processed in time are uploaded to a cloud platform end, so that a resource architecture is reasonably designed and utilized, and data pressure of the cloud platform end is greatly reduced;
further, the cloud server analysis result data are sent to the upper computer monitoring device to carry out human-computer interaction, the Web program is operated to obtain the atmospheric pollutant monitoring data of each position area in the city in real time, the upper computer monitoring device is provided with a pollutant early warning module, the pollution concentration exceeds the alarm reminding of the threshold monitoring terminal area, the alarm short message can be received through a mobile phone, the real-time graph data of the pollutants can also be checked on line through logging in Web, people in the area with higher pollution concentration are reminded to avoid going out, and the personal health is guaranteed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the transmission, processing and early warning of urban atmospheric pollutant monitoring data are realized by utilizing a narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) with low power consumption, wide coverage, low cost and large access amount, so that the design of an urban atmospheric pollution monitoring system is realized. The characteristics of low power consumption and low cost of the narrow-band Internet of things ensure that the atmospheric pollution monitoring terminal is laid in each area of a city, greatly save monitoring energy consumption, and avoid the characteristics that the monitoring terminal is not enough in power supply and monitoring data cannot be transmitted. The NB-IoT transmission network base station is established by utilizing the characteristics of wide coverage and mass connection of NB-IoT, the problem that certain areas in a city cannot cover monitoring network transmission is solved, the mass connection of the base station with a monitoring terminal is realized, and the acquired data is uploaded to a platform for real-time processing at fixed point and fixed time;
the method solves the problem that the existing NB-IoT and terminal edge computing node joint debugging mode is adopted by utilizing the cooperation mode of a plurality of edge computing servers and cloud servers, and the NB-IoT gateway and the edge computing monitoring nodes are used in a city monitoring system, so that the cost is high, the edge computing control device is difficult to be laid in the whole city, and the acquired data is difficult to be processed and uploaded by each urban edge node at the same time. Establishing an NB-IoT network base station, establishing a joint debugging between an edge server and a cloud server, and realizing the optimal judgment of the urban pollution monitoring system;
the data of the atmospheric pollutants monitored by the sensor are preprocessed by the edge computing server, so that the problem of overlarge monitoring data and variety number of the cloud platform end is solved. Because the concentration of the atmospheric pollutants has nonlinear and adjustment hysteresis effects, an isolated forest algorithm is selected at an edge calculation server to screen out abnormal values of the concentration of the pollutants, and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is selected to monitor the concentration of the atmospheric pollutants, and the HMM has strong capabilities of modeling a dynamic process and classifying sequence modes as an intelligent detection diagnosis technology. And uploading the characteristic data screened by the edge calculation to a cloud platform, and fusing the edge calculation and the cloud calculation to realize the real-time early warning of the concentration of the atmospheric pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of an atmospheric pollution monitoring system based on NB-IoT and edge computing;
FIG. 2 is a hardware design diagram of a monitor terminal module;
fig. 3 is a logical structure diagram of a cloud server and an edge computing server.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The atmospheric pollution monitoring system based on NB-IoT and edge computing is generally designed as shown in figure 1 and comprises a sensing layer, a transmission and processing layer and an application layer, monitoring terminal base stations are arranged in various regions of a city, a pollution gas sensor and a laser dust sensor are connected to the input end of a main control chip of a terminal STM32, the main control chip is AD-converted to send collected data to an NB-IoT wireless sensing network base station through a BC-95 module, the NB-IoT network base station is in a working mode that NB-IoT frames are received and then coded, and the data packets are converted into data packets through an MQTT protocol to be uploaded to a cloud and edge computing server for analysis and processing. The processing result is uploaded to an application layer worker to obtain real-time monitoring data, positioning is achieved through a monitoring terminal GPS module, real-time information of all monitoring terminals on a map can be displayed on an application layer Web, and if the pollution concentration exceeds a threshold value, an early warning module issues a warning signal to the monitoring terminals.
The invention relates to an atmospheric pollution monitoring system perception layer monitoring terminal hardware design based on NB-IoT and edge calculation, as shown in figure 2, STM32F103 is selected as a main control chip of the monitoring terminal, and an asynchronous transceiving interface UART (universal asynchronous receiver transmitter) is adopted1 is connected with GPS antenna module as output port for positioning self coordinate, UART2 is connected with input gas sensor for measuring nitrogen dioxide (NO)2) Carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO)2) And ozone (O)3) Concentration sampling is carried out, concentration is converted into digital signals from analog signals, UART3 is connected with a BC-95 communication module to carry out data transmission with an NB-IoT network base station, a laser dust sensor is connected with a main control chip through a synchronous Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and the GPIO interface is externally connected with a power supply and a cooling fan.
The logic structures of the cloud server and the edge computing server in the atmospheric pollution monitoring system based on NB-IoT and edge computing are shown in FIG. 3, a straight arrow represents a data uplink process, data collected by a monitoring terminal is uploaded to the edge computing server, the edge computing server detects the pollution state of a terminal area after receiving a data frame, and concentration abnormal data are left and processed to be normal data and are synchronized to the server, so that the states of all the monitoring terminals are analyzed and processed. The curve monitoring represents a downlink process, and the command is sent to the terminal through the cloud server or the edge computing server in a downlink mode, so that the uploading period of the data collected by the terminal can be changed, and the data pressure of the cloud and the edge computing server can be adjusted.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An atmospheric pollution detection system based on NB-IoT technology and edge calculation is composed of a perception layer, a transmission and processing layer and an application layer, and is characterized in that: the sensing layer takes an STM32 processor as a main control chip, the gas sensor and the laser dust sensor are used for collecting atmospheric pollutant data, the atmospheric pollutant data are transmitted to an edge computing server in the area through an NB-IoT network for data preprocessing, and the processed data are uploaded to a cloud server for analysis and summarization and then uploaded to an upper computer monitoring device for display to a user; the sensing layer is located at the lowermost layer, the transmission and processing layer is located at the middle layer, the application layer is located at the uppermost layer and is a monitoring terminal device, the transmission and processing layer comprises an NB-IoT communication base station, an edge computing server and a cloud server, and the application layer can realize functions of pollution source positioning, early warning and the like.
2. The NB-IoT technology and edge computing based atmospheric pollution detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the edge computing servers are distributed in all areas of a city, receive data sent by the NB-IoT transmission base station and upload the data to the cloud server, and the upper computer monitoring device has the functions of positioning the position of a pollution source on line, realizing early warning and the like.
3. The NB-IoT technology and edge computing based atmospheric pollution detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the monitoring terminal device comprises a power supply, an STM32 microprocessor, a GPS module, a BC-95 communication module, a gas sensor and a laser dust sensor, wherein the gas sensor is used for detecting atmosphere pollution gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO) in each region2) Nitrogen dioxide (NO)2) Carbon monoxide (CO) samples, conveys digital output to STM32 main control chip through the UART interface through analog-to-digital conversion, the laser dust sensor is to the automatic sampling detection of inhalable particulate matter in each regional atmosphere, and the inside laser particle counting system of laser dust sensor links to each other with STM32 main control chip through the SPI interface and conveys data signal.
4. The NB-IoT technology and edge computing based atmospheric pollution detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the NB-IoT communication base station is essentially an NB-IoT gateway, and the working principle is that data collected by the city monitoring terminal is converted into NB-IoT frames to be encoded and sent to the NB-IoT gateway, and after the data packets are packaged and combined, the data packets are sent to the edge computing server through an MQTT protocol.
5. The NB-IoT technology and edge computing based atmospheric pollution detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the plurality of edge computing servers and the cloud computing server cooperatively process atmospheric pollution data, data which are processed when pollution indexes exceed a threshold value and need to be processed technically are processed by the edge servers, data which do not need to be processed in time are uploaded to the cloud platform server, efficiency is improved, data pressure at a platform end is reduced, an acquired actual value is compared with a pollutant concentration threshold value, an isolated forest algorithm is selected to screen an abnormal value of monitoring data concentration, a hidden Markov model is selected to monitor the atmospheric pollution data value, and nonlinearity and a hysteresis effect are eliminated.
6. The NB-IoT technology and edge computing based atmospheric pollution detection system of claim 5, wherein: the cloud server analysis result data are sent to an upper computer monitoring device to carry out man-machine interaction, a Web program is operated to acquire atmospheric pollutant monitoring data of each position area in a city in real time, the upper computer monitoring device is provided with a pollutant early warning module, alarm reminding is carried out when the pollution concentration exceeds a threshold value monitoring terminal area, an alarm short message is received through a mobile phone, real-time graph data of pollutants are checked on line through logging in Web, people in the area with higher pollution concentration are reminded to avoid going out, and personal health is guaranteed.
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