CN107604191B - Preparation method of single-granularity high-mass-fraction SiCp/Al composite material and silicon carbide stirring and adding device - Google Patents

Preparation method of single-granularity high-mass-fraction SiCp/Al composite material and silicon carbide stirring and adding device Download PDF

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CN107604191B
CN107604191B CN201610547604.7A CN201610547604A CN107604191B CN 107604191 B CN107604191 B CN 107604191B CN 201610547604 A CN201610547604 A CN 201610547604A CN 107604191 B CN107604191 B CN 107604191B
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silicon carbide
stirring
aluminum
furnace
aluminum alloy
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CN107604191A (en
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陈铨
吕国锋
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Keda Clean Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation process and a device of a single-granularity high-mass-fraction SiCp/Al composite material. The method mainly comprises a silicon carbide particle pretreatment step, an aluminum-based metal liquid degassing and deslagging step and a silicon carbide particle adding step, wherein: the pretreatment step of the silicon carbide particles sequentially comprises an HF acid pickling step, a deionized water cleaning step, a drying step, a high-temperature oxidation step and a grinding step; the silicon carbide particle adding steps are as follows: firstly, cooling the aluminum-based metal liquid treated by the degassing and deslagging step to a semi-solid state under the nitrogen protection atmosphere, then adding silicon carbide particles treated by the pretreatment step under the stirring action, when the silicon carbide particles are added, placing the silicon carbide particles in a heat preservation furnace for preheating and heat preservation at 300-350 ℃, continuing stirring under the nitrogen protection atmosphere after the addition is finished, and finally casting and molding. The method can prepare the SiCp/Al composite material with the concentration higher than 40 percent and has good reproducibility.

Description

Preparation method of single-granularity high-mass-fraction SiCp/Al composite material and silicon carbide stirring and adding device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material preparation, in particular to a preparation process method of a medium and high mass fraction silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material (SiCp/Al composite material) with relatively single particle size and particle size less than 15 mu m (mesh number is more than 800) and a silicon carbide stirring and adding device.
Background
The SiCp/Al composite material is prepared by a plurality of methods, such as a powder metallurgy method, a stirring casting method, a jet codeposition method, a vacuum pressure infiltration method and the like. Among the above-mentioned several preparation methods, the stirring casting method is one of the methods which are currently paid the attention of researchers because of its advantages such as simple preparation process and equipment, and strong casting formability. The SiCp/Al composite material is prepared by adopting a stirring casting method, and an ultrasonic stirring method, an electromagnetic stirring method, a mechanical stirring method and the like are mainstream, wherein the mechanical stirring method has simpler equipment and stronger process controllability. Although a large amount of research is conducted by domestic experts and scholars in the field, and many reports are reported on the preparation of the SiCp/Al composite material with the content of less than 30% by adopting the mechanical stirring method, the preparation of the SiCp/Al composite material with the content of more than 30% by adopting the mechanical stirring method is not reported yet, and the method is one of the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a SiCp/Al composite material with medium and high mass fractions, which has a single particle size and a particle size smaller than 15 mu m, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a silicon carbide stirring and adding device suitable for the preparation method.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of SiCp/Al composite material with single granularity and high mass fraction mainly comprises a silicon carbide particle pretreatment step, an aluminum-based molten metal degassing and deslagging step and a silicon carbide particle addition step, wherein: the pretreatment step of the silicon carbide particles sequentially comprises an HF acid pickling step, a deionized water cleaning step, a drying step, a high-temperature oxidation step and a grinding step; the silicon carbide particle adding steps are as follows: firstly, the aluminum-based metal liquid treated by the degassing and deslagging step is cooled to a semi-solid state under the nitrogen protection atmosphere, then the silicon carbide particles treated by the pretreatment step are added under the stirring action, and then the stirring is continued under the nitrogen protection atmosphere, and finally the casting molding is carried out.
Preferably, the silicon carbide particles are alpha-SiCp particles with relatively single particle size and less than 15 mu m.
Further, in the step of HF acid pickling, the concentration of HF acid is 10-15%, the HF acid is cleaned for 24 hours in a stirring mode, and the liquid-solid ratio is 6:4-7:3; in the high-temperature oxidation step, the baking temperature and the baking time are 300 +/-20 ℃ for 90min or 650 +/-20 ℃ for 120min, then the temperature is increased to 950 +/-50 ℃ for baking for 360min, and then the temperature is cooled to the room temperature.
Further, the degassing and deslagging steps of the aluminum-based metal liquid are as follows: melting a matrix aluminum alloy in a furnace, heating to 720 +/-10 ℃, adding Mg accounting for 2-4% of the mass of the matrix aluminum alloy, an Al-Ti-B refiner accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the matrix aluminum alloy and an Al-Si alloy accounting for 2% of the mass of the matrix aluminum alloy into the aluminum-based metal liquid, uniformly scattering a general slag remover accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the matrix aluminum alloy on the surface of the aluminum-based metal liquid to cover the aluminum-based metal liquid, degassing and deslagging by adopting nitrogen after constant temperature, ventilating for 10min and deslagging.
Further, in the step of adding the silicon carbide particles, an impeller type stirring device is adopted for stirring, the stirring speed is 500-700rpm, and the adding speed of the silicon carbide particles is 10-20g/min.
Further, in the step of adding silicon carbide particles, firstly, nitrogen is added for 10-15min again to the aluminum-based metal liquid treated by the step of degassing and deslagging, then the aluminum-based metal liquid is naturally cooled to 560-615 ℃, and then silicon carbide particles are added; after the silicon carbide particles are added, nitrogen is added for 5-10min, the temperature is raised to 600-700 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 10-15min at the stirring speed of 300rpm, and then the mixture is taken out and poured into a groove die preheated at 300 ℃ for hollow cold forming.
Further, the mass fraction of the silicon carbide in the silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is not less than 40%.
In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a silicon carbide stirring and adding device is used for the silicon carbide particle adding step and comprises the following steps: an aluminum alloy smelting furnace, wherein a furnace body is provided with a multifunctional furnace cover; the graphite crucible is arranged in the furnace body of the aluminum alloy smelting furnace; the stirring shaft of the liftable impeller type stirring component is arranged in the multifunctional furnace cover in a penetrating way; the nitrogen introducing pipe is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover corresponding to the graphite crucible; the temperature thermocouple is movably arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover; and the silicon carbide adding device is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover.
Preferably, the silicon carbide adding device includes: the silicon carbide preheating and heat-preserving furnace is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover through a support frame; the silicon carbide flowing stirring assembly is arranged in the silicon carbide preheating and heat-preserving furnace; the silicon carbide flow adjusting valve is arranged at the bottom of the silicon carbide preheating holding furnace; the upper end of the aluminum alloy conduit is connected with the silicon carbide flow adjusting valve, and the tube body of the aluminum alloy conduit obliquely extends into the alloy smelting furnace and is suspended on the graphite crucible; and a low-voltage micro vibration motor disposed on the aluminum alloy conduit.
Preferably, the liftable impeller type stirring assembly comprises: the variable-frequency type liftable stirring motor is arranged right above the aluminum alloy smelting furnace; one end of the stirring shaft is connected with the variable-frequency liftable stirring motor, and a shaft body of the stirring shaft vertically penetrates through the multifunctional furnace cover; and at least one layer of stirring impeller which is connected with the variable frequency motor into a whole through a stirring shaft.
The invention can prepare SiCp/Al composite material with concentration higher than 40% and has good reproducibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a silicon carbide stirring and adding device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural morphology characteristic diagram of a SiCp/Al composite material with the content of 41%.
FIG. 3 is a texture profile of a 42% SiCp/Al composite.
FIG. 4 is a graph of 44% SiCp/Al composite texture and morphology.
In the figure:
11-furnace multifunctional furnace cover; 12-a furnace body; 2-graphite crucible; 31-a variable frequency type liftable stirring motor; 32-stirring shaft; 33-a stirring impeller; 4, introducing a nitrogen pipe; 5-temperature thermocouple; 61-silicon carbide preheating and heat preserving furnace; 62-a support frame; 63-a silicon carbide flow stirring component; 64-a silicon carbide flow regulating valve; 65-aluminum alloy conduit; 66-low voltage micro vibration motor.
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the SiCp/Al composite material with single granularity and high mass fraction mainly comprises the steps of silicon carbide particle pretreatment, aluminum-based molten metal degassing and deslagging and silicon carbide particle addition.
1. Pretreatment of silicon carbide particles:
used for addition are alpha-SiCp particles, single mesh particles with a particle size of less than 15 μm. The specific pretreatment steps are as follows: HF acid cleaning → deionized water cleaning → drying → high temperature oxidation at 900-1000 deg.C → grinding. The HF solution for cleaning alpha-SiCp particles has the concentration of 10-15%, and is stirred and cleaned for 24 hours, and the liquid-solid ratio is 6:4-7:3. The SiCp cleaned by HF is cleaned by a large amount of deionized water, dried and put into a high-temperature furnace for high-temperature oxidation treatment (the oxidation treatment process comprises the steps of baking at 300 +/-20 ℃ for 90min, baking at 650 +/-20 ℃ for 120min, heating to 950 +/-50 ℃ for baking for 360min, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace). After being taken out of the furnace, the alloy is ground and then is placed in a drying dish for sealing storage, and before the particles are added into the alloy, the drying and baking treatment is carried out at 300-350 ℃.
2. Degassing and deslagging the aluminum-based metal liquid:
before adding silicon carbide particles, degassing and deslagging are carried out on aluminum alloy, and one of aluminum-silicon alloy or aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy is selected as base aluminum alloy. The method comprises the following specific steps: melting a matrix aluminum alloy in a furnace, heating to 720 +/-10 ℃, adding Mg accounting for 2-4% of the mass of the matrix aluminum alloy, an Al-Ti-B refiner accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the matrix aluminum alloy and an Al-Si alloy accounting for 2% of the mass of the matrix aluminum alloy into the aluminum-based metal liquid, uniformly scattering a general slag remover accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the matrix aluminum alloy on the surface of the aluminum-based metal liquid to cover the aluminum-based metal liquid, degassing and deslagging by adopting nitrogen after constant temperature, ventilating for 10min and deslagging.
3. Silicon carbide particle adding step:
the silicon carbide particle adding step is carried out by adopting the silicon carbide stirring and adding device shown in figure 1, and the silicon carbide stirring and adding device mainly comprises an aluminum alloy smelting furnace, a graphite crucible 2, a lifting impeller type stirring assembly, a nitrogen introducing pipe 4, a temperature thermocouple 5 and a silicon carbide adding device. The multifunctional furnace cover 11 is arranged on the furnace body 12 of the aluminum alloy smelting furnace, and the aluminum alloy smelting furnace can be used for implementing the steps of degassing and deslagging the aluminum-based metal liquid. The graphite crucible 2 is arranged in a furnace body 12 of the aluminum alloy smelting furnace. The liftable impeller type stirring component mainly comprises a variable-frequency liftable stirring motor 31, a stirring shaft 32 and two layers of stirring impellers 33: the variable-frequency type liftable stirring motor 31 is arranged above the aluminum alloy smelting furnace; one end of the stirring shaft 32 is connected with the variable-frequency liftable stirring motor 31, and the shaft body of the stirring shaft vertically penetrates through the multifunctional furnace cover 11; two layers of stirring impellers are arranged at the other end of the stirring shaft 32. The nitrogen introducing pipe 4 is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover 11 corresponding to the graphite crucible 2. The temperature thermocouple 5 is movably arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover 11. The silicon carbide adding device is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover 11 corresponding to the graphite crucible 2. The device mainly comprises a silicon carbide preheating holding furnace 61, a silicon carbide flowing stirring assembly 63, a silicon carbide flow adjusting valve 64, an aluminum alloy conduit 65 and a low-voltage micro vibration motor 66. The silicon carbide preheating and heat preserving furnace 61 is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover 11 through a support frame 62 and is used for preheating silicon carbide in the heat preserving furnace. The silicon carbide flowing stirring assembly 63 is arranged in the silicon carbide preheating holding furnace 61 and is used for guiding and stirring the silicon carbide. The silicon carbide flow adjusting valve 64 is arranged at the bottom of the silicon carbide preheating holding furnace 61 and is used for adjusting the flow of the silicon carbide. The upper end of the aluminum alloy conduit 65 is connected with the silicon carbide flow adjusting valve, and the pipe body obliquely extends into the alloy smelting furnace 12 and is suspended on the graphite crucible 2. The low-voltage micro-vibration motor 66 is arranged on the aluminum alloy guide pipe 65 and plays a role of vibration guiding.
The concrete silicon carbide particle adding steps are as follows: covering a multifunctional furnace cover with the aluminum-based metal liquid treated by the degassing and deslagging step, introducing nitrogen into the furnace through a nitrogen introducing pipe for 10-15min, then naturally cooling, moving a temperature thermocouple into a graphite crucible to measure the temperature of the metal liquid, and moving the temperature thermocouple back to the original position after the metal liquid is cooled to 560-615 ℃ to form a semi-solid state; the stirring impeller and the motor are connected into a whole, the stirring impeller and the motor are dropped into the semi-solid slurry, the slurry is stirred in a mode of 500-700rpm, and the silicon carbide preheated in the silicon carbide preheating and heat preserving furnace is uniformly added to the central part of the formed vortex at a speed of 10-20g/min through an aluminum alloy guide pipe by adjusting a flow control valve. The effective diameter of the stirring impeller is about 0.6-0.7 times of the inner diameter of the graphite crucible, and the position of the stirring impeller and the stirring rotating speed are adjusted by the lifting motor irregularly along with the increase of silicon carbide particles, so that the slurry in the graphite crucible can be uniformly stirred while the stirring is ensured not to form an overlarge vortex. In the process of adding silicon carbide by stirring, the furnace body needs to be properly heated, so that the temperature in the furnace is not reduced too fast. After the silicon carbide particles are added, nitrogen is added for 5-10min, the temperature is raised to 600-700 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 10-15min at the stirring speed of 300rpm, and then the mixture is taken out and poured into a groove die preheated at 300 ℃ for hollow cold forming. By the above method, a SiCp/Al composite material having a silicon carbide content of not less than 40% can be produced.
Examples 1 to 3
SiCp/Al composites were prepared as described above, with silicon carbide additions of 41%, 42%, and 43% as examples. The density and the density value are shown in the table 1, and the structural and morphological characteristics of the composite material are shown in the figures 2-4.
Table 1: density and density values of test materials
Figure BDA0001046400350000041

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of a single-granularity high-mass-fraction SiCp/Al composite material is characterized by mainly comprising a silicon carbide particle pretreatment step, an aluminum-based metal liquid degassing and deslagging step and a silicon carbide particle adding step, wherein:
the pretreatment step of the silicon carbide particles sequentially comprises an HF acid pickling step, a deionized water cleaning step, a drying step, a high-temperature oxidation step and a grinding step; in the step of HF acid pickling, the concentration of HF acid is 10-15%, and the HF acid is cleaned for 24 hours in a stirring mode, wherein the liquid-solid ratio is 6:4-7:3; in the high-temperature oxidation step, baking is carried out for 90min at the baking temperature and time of 300 +/-20 ℃ or for 120min at the baking temperature of 650 +/-20 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 950 +/-50 ℃ and baked for 360min, and then the temperature is cooled to the room temperature;
the degassing and deslagging steps of the aluminum-based metal liquid are as follows: melting a base aluminum alloy in a furnace, heating to 720 +/-10 ℃, adding Mg accounting for 2-4% of the mass of the base aluminum alloy, an Al-Ti-B refiner accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the base aluminum alloy and an Al-Si alloy accounting for 2% of the mass of the base aluminum alloy into the aluminum-based metal liquid, uniformly scattering a general slag remover accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base aluminum alloy on the surface of the aluminum-based metal liquid to cover the aluminum-based metal liquid, degassing and deslagging by adopting nitrogen after constant temperature, ventilating for 10min and deslagging;
the silicon carbide particle adding steps are as follows: firstly, cooling the aluminum-based metal liquid treated by the degassing and deslagging step to a semi-solid state under the nitrogen protection atmosphere, then adding silicon carbide particles treated by the pretreatment step under the stirring action, continuing stirring under the nitrogen protection atmosphere, and finally casting and molding; in the step of adding silicon carbide particles, firstly, nitrogen is added for 10-15min again to the aluminum-based metal liquid treated by the step of degassing and deslagging, then the aluminum-based metal liquid is naturally cooled to 560-615 ℃, and then silicon carbide particles are added; after the silicon carbide particles are added, nitrogen is added for 5-10min, the temperature is raised to 600-700 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 10-15min at the stirring speed of 300rpm, and then the mixture is taken out and poured into a groove die preheated at 300 ℃ for hollow cold forming; the adding of the silicon carbide particles treated by the pretreatment step under the stirring action comprises: stirring by adopting an impeller type stirring device, wherein the stirring speed is 500-700rpm, and the adding speed of silicon carbide particles is 10-20g/min;
the silicon carbide particles are alpha-SiCp particles with single particle size and the particle size of less than 15 mu m; the mass fraction of silicon carbide in the SiCp/Al composite material with the medium-high mass fraction in the single granularity is not less than 40 percent.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the silicon carbide particle addition step is carried out by a silicon carbide stirring addition device comprising:
an aluminum alloy smelting furnace, wherein a furnace body is provided with a multifunctional furnace cover;
the graphite crucible is arranged in the furnace body of the aluminum alloy smelting furnace;
the stirring shaft of the lifting impeller type stirring component is arranged in the multifunctional furnace cover in a penetrating way;
the nitrogen introducing pipe is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover corresponding to the graphite crucible;
the temperature thermocouple is movably arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover; and
and the silicon carbide adding device is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide adding device comprises:
the silicon carbide preheating and heat-preserving furnace is arranged on the multifunctional furnace cover through a support frame;
the silicon carbide flowing stirring assembly is arranged in the silicon carbide preheating and heat-preserving furnace;
the silicon carbide flow adjusting valve is arranged at the bottom of the silicon carbide preheating holding furnace;
the upper end of the aluminum alloy conduit is connected with the silicon carbide flow adjusting valve, and the tube body of the aluminum alloy conduit obliquely extends into the alloy smelting furnace and is suspended on the graphite crucible; and
and the low-voltage micro vibration motor is arranged on the aluminum alloy guide pipe.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the liftable impeller-type stirring assembly comprises:
the variable-frequency type liftable stirring motor is arranged right above the aluminum alloy smelting furnace;
one end of the stirring shaft is connected with the variable-frequency liftable stirring motor, and a shaft body of the stirring shaft vertically penetrates through the multifunctional furnace cover; and at least one layer of stirring impeller which is connected with the variable frequency motor into a whole through a stirring shaft.
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