CN107594226A - A kind of freshwater shark feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of freshwater shark feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107594226A CN107594226A CN201711028898.3A CN201711028898A CN107594226A CN 107594226 A CN107594226 A CN 107594226A CN 201711028898 A CN201711028898 A CN 201711028898A CN 107594226 A CN107594226 A CN 107594226A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 241001508762 Wallago attu Species 0.000 title abstract description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- -1 compound amino acid Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000442132 Lactarius lactarius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Substances [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001219218 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Species 0.000 claims description 12
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000307697 Agrimonia eupatoria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000001405 Artemisia annua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000000011 Artemisia annua Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000001659 Oldenlandia diffusa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000000125 common agrimony Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims 4
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims 3
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000112528 Ligusticum striatum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 240000006688 Telosma cordata Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017352 Telosma cordata Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000246044 Sophora flavescens Species 0.000 description 6
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 6
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 241000759833 Cornus officinalis Species 0.000 description 5
- 244000107368 Viola confusa Species 0.000 description 4
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 4
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000405217 Viola <butterfly> Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000209020 Cornus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000252496 Siluriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium diphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于饲料技术领域，特别涉及一种淡水鲨鱼饲料及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of feed, in particular to a freshwater shark feed and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
淡水鲨鱼，学名苏氏圆腹鱼芒(Pangasiushypophthalmus)，又称巴丁鱼，隶属于硬骨纲，鲶形目，鱼芒科，圆腹鱼芒属，是生长在东南亚湄公河流域的重要经济鱼类，生长快、抗病性强、耐低氧、无肌间刺、营养价值高，有黑、白和灰三种体色，观赏价值高，其幼鱼常被作为观赏鱼出售，属于中小型淡水经济鱼类，因商业及外形相似的原因，2005年在我国南部沿海地区推广时，被称为淡水鲨鱼。该鱼目前在广东、广西、海南等南方省份养殖较多，是我国较好的淡水养殖品种。Freshwater sharks, scientific name Pangasiushypophthalmus (Pangasiushypophthalmus), also known as batinfish, belong to Osteostellae, Siluriformes, Ichthalidae, Pangasiushypophthalmus, and are important economic fish that grow in the Mekong River Basin in Southeast Asia. , fast growth, strong disease resistance, low oxygen resistance, no intermuscular spines, high nutritional value, black, white and gray body colors, high ornamental value, its juveniles are often sold as ornamental fish, belonging to small and medium freshwater Economic fish, due to commercial and similar appearance reasons, when it was promoted in the southern coastal areas of my country in 2005, it was called freshwater shark. At present, this fish is widely cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other southern provinces, and it is a better freshwater aquaculture species in my country.
水中溶解盐类的总量称盐度或者矿化度，盐度是与鱼类生活密切相关的环境因素之一，与鱼类的生长、发育、体内的各机能调节密切相关。盐度变化会迫使水产动物自身通过一系列生理变化来调整体内外渗透压的动态平衡，致使其生长存活、呼吸代谢、肌肉品质和生殖发育相关指标产生相应的变化,淡水鲨鱼是属于淡水鱼，对环境中的盐度比较敏感，盐度的改变会影响淡水鲨鱼的消化系统、呼吸代谢、肌肉品质等性能，在低盐度环境下，淡水鲨鱼对饲料中营养成分的需求是不相同的，鉴于盐度的改变对淡水鲨鱼的影响，导致淡水鲨鱼在低盐度环境下的胁迫养殖中对营养成分的需求是完全区别于淡水环境养殖的，目前针对低盐度环境下养殖淡水鲨鱼的饲料组成目前未见报道。The total amount of dissolved salts in water is called salinity or salinity. Salinity is one of the environmental factors closely related to the life of fish, and is closely related to the growth, development and regulation of various functions in the body. Changes in salinity will force aquatic animals to adjust the dynamic balance of internal and external osmotic pressure through a series of physiological changes, resulting in corresponding changes in their growth and survival, respiratory metabolism, muscle quality and reproductive development. Freshwater sharks are freshwater fish. It is sensitive to the salinity in the environment. Changes in salinity will affect the digestive system, respiratory metabolism, muscle quality and other performance of freshwater sharks. In a low-salinity environment, freshwater sharks have different requirements for nutrients in feed. In view of the impact of changes in salinity on freshwater sharks, the nutritional requirements of freshwater sharks in stress farming in low-salinity environments are completely different from those in freshwater environments. Currently, the feed for freshwater sharks in low-salinity environments The composition has not been reported so far.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为解决上述技术问题，提供了一种淡水鲨鱼饲料及其制备方法。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a freshwater shark feed and a preparation method thereof.
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的：Specifically, it is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种淡水鲨鱼饲料，由以下按重量份计的原料组成：白鱼粉20～28、酵母膏8～12、豆粕30～40、米糠5～10、豆油12～18、鱼油8～12、磷酸二氢钙3～4、多维预混料2～5、多矿预混料2～5、氯化胆碱1～2、沸石粉3～8、复合氨基酸4～6、复合益生菌4～6、复合中药15～25。A freshwater shark feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: white fish meal 20-28, yeast extract 8-12, soybean meal 30-40, rice bran 5-10, soybean oil 12-18, fish oil 8-12, diphosphate Calcium hydrogen 3~4, multidimensional premix 2~5, multi-mineral premix 2~5, choline chloride 1~2, zeolite powder 3~8, compound amino acid 4~6, compound probiotic 4~6, Compound traditional Chinese medicine 15-25.
由以下按重量份计的原料组成：白鱼粉25、酵母膏10、豆粕35、米糠8、豆油15、鱼油10、磷酸二氢钙3.5、多维预混料3、多矿预混料4、氯化胆碱1.5、沸石粉5、复合氨基酸5、复合益生菌5、复合中药20。It consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: white fish meal 25, yeast extract 10, soybean meal 35, rice bran 8, soybean oil 15, fish oil 10, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3.5, multidimensional premix 3, multimineral premix 4, chlorine Choline 1.5, zeolite powder 5, compound amino acid 5, compound probiotic 5, compound traditional Chinese medicine 20.
所述的多维预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的维生素质量如下：维生素B1：3mg；维生素B2：15mg；B6：7mg；B12：0.7mg；维生素A：1600mg；维生素D：1500mg；维生素E：80mg；维生素K：30mg；生物素：4mg；叶酸：0.5mg；维生素C：150mg。According to the multidimensional premix, the quality of added vitamins is as follows per kilogram of feed: vitamin B1: 3mg; vitamin B2: 15mg; B6: 7mg; B12: 0.7mg; vitamin A: 1600mg; vitamin D: 1500mg; E: 80mg; Vitamin K: 30mg; Biotin: 4mg; Folic Acid: 0.5mg; Vitamin C: 150mg.
所述的多矿预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的矿物质质量如下：硒酸钠：2mg；碳酸钴：1mg；碘化钾：15mg；硫酸铜：6mg；硫酸锌：120mg；硫酸锰：25mg；硫酸镁：150mg。Described multi-mineral premix, according to every kilogram of feed, the added mineral quality is as follows: sodium selenate: 2mg; Cobalt carbonate: 1mg; Potassium iodide: 15mg; Copper sulfate: 6mg; Zinc sulfate: 120mg; Manganese sulfate: 25mg; Magnesium Sulfate: 150mg.
所述的复合氨基酸，是赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酰胺按1～2:0.4～0.6:0.8～1.2的质量比混合制得。The compound amino acid is prepared by mixing lysine, threonine and glutamine in a mass ratio of 1-2:0.4-0.6:0.8-1.2.
所述的复合益生菌，是将枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热链球菌按1：0.8～1.2：0.3～0.5的质量比混合制得。The compound probiotic is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptococcus thermophilus at a mass ratio of 1:0.8-1.2:0.3-0.5.
所述的复合中药，包括以下按重量份计的原料：紫花地丁15～25、山茱萸8～12、桑寄生12～18、青蒿6～8、白花蛇舌草10～20、桂枝8～12、仙鹤草10～20、苦参3～5、川芎8～12。The compound traditional Chinese medicine includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: Viola 15-25, Cornus 8-12, Sangji 12-18, Artemisia annua 6-8, Hedyotis diffusa 10-20, Guizhi 8 ～12, Agrimony 10～20, Sophora flavescens 3～5, Chuanxiong 8～12.
所述的淡水鲨鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described freshwater shark feed comprises the following steps:
(1)将豆油和鱼油混合加热至油温为40～50℃时，将白鱼粉、酵母膏、豆粕、米糠、豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、多维预混料、多矿预混料、氯化胆碱和沸石粉加入到混合油中，翻炒8～12min，冷却得料1；(1) When soybean oil and fish oil are mixed and heated until the oil temperature is 40-50°C, white fish meal, yeast extract, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean oil, fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, multi-dimensional premix, multi-mineral premix, Add choline chloride and zeolite powder to the mixed oil, stir-fry for 8-12 minutes, and cool to obtain material 1;
(2)将复合中药按配方称取混合，粉碎，加入所述粉碎料质量的1～2倍的水，加热熬煮30～40min，再加入所述粉碎料质量8倍量的乙醇，超声处理，静置3～5h后回收乙醇，再将剩余物加热熬煮制得含水量为12～18％的浸膏，计为料2；(2) Weigh and mix the compound Chinese medicine according to the formula, pulverize, add water 1 to 2 times the mass of the pulverized material, heat and boil for 30 to 40 minutes, then add ethanol in an amount 8 times the mass of the pulverized material, and perform ultrasonic treatment , recover ethanol after standing for 3 to 5 hours, and then heat and boil the residue to obtain an extract with a water content of 12 to 18%, which is counted as material 2;
(3)将料1、料2和复合氨基酸、复合益生菌混合，通过造粒机造粒即可。(3) Mix materials 1 and 2 with compound amino acids and compound probiotics, and granulate through a granulator.
所述的超声处理，超声频率为60～80KHz，超声时间为8～12min。For the ultrasonic treatment, the ultrasonic frequency is 60-80 KHz, and the ultrasonic time is 8-12 minutes.
综上所述，本发明的有益效果在于：本发明结合低盐度环境下盐度对于淡水鲨鱼的影响，针对淡水鲨鱼的消化系统和免疫系统的发育情况，结合对原料的筛选，进一步将制备了含有蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、维生素等物质的复合营养饲料，通过对蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸的合理比例搭配，进一步提高淡水鲨鱼对营养物质的充分吸收，提高饲料消化率，其中，在选用原料时，采用了酵母膏，其含有的小分子可溶性物质，其中包括游离氨基酸、核苷酸等具有强烈诱食成份，内含的β-葡聚糖和甘露寡糖能增强水产动物免疫功能，减少疾病的发生。能强烈增进食欲，促进摄食，增强对疾病的抵抗力，能提高水产动物的成活率，本发明采用的原料中富含淡水鲨鱼生长所需的氨基酸，同时，还针对淡水鲨鱼在低盐度的特殊环境下的养殖特点，添加了赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酰胺，能有效的促进了淡水鲨鱼的生长，提高鲨鱼的免疫力，提高其对环境的应激性，通过特定的加工工艺，有效的降低了饲料中的抗营养因子和/或毒素的含量，保证饲料安全，同时也提高了饲料的利用率，本发明在调节营养成分的组成结构增强淡水鲨鱼机体免疫力的同时，还添加了具有增强免疫力、促进机体系统发育、促进消化等功效的中药，保证了淡水鲨鱼机体免疫、消化系统的生长发育，提高淡水鲨鱼的产量以及品质，满足目前市场对淡水鲨鱼的巨大需求。In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention combines the impact of salinity on freshwater sharks in a low-salinity environment, and aims at the development of the digestive system and immune system of freshwater sharks, combined with the screening of raw materials, and further prepares The compound nutrient feed containing protein, fat, amino acid, vitamin and other substances, through the reasonable ratio of protein, fat and amino acid, can further improve the freshwater shark’s full absorption of nutrients and improve feed digestibility. Among them, when selecting raw materials , using yeast extract, which contains small molecular soluble substances, including free amino acids, nucleotides, etc., which have strong food-attracting ingredients, and the contained β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides can enhance the immune function of aquatic animals and reduce diseases happened. It can strongly increase appetite, promote food intake, enhance resistance to diseases, and improve the survival rate of aquatic animals. The raw materials used in the present invention are rich in amino acids needed for the growth of freshwater sharks. The characteristics of breeding in special environments, adding lysine, threonine and glutamine, can effectively promote the growth of freshwater sharks, improve the immunity of sharks, and improve their stress to the environment. Through specific processing The technology effectively reduces the content of anti-nutritional factors and/or toxins in the feed, ensures the safety of the feed, and improves the utilization rate of the feed. The present invention adjusts the composition and structure of the nutritional components and enhances the immunity of freshwater sharks. It also added traditional Chinese medicine that can enhance immunity, promote the development of the body system, and promote digestion, etc., to ensure the growth and development of freshwater sharks' immunity and digestive system, improve the output and quality of freshwater sharks, and meet the huge demand for freshwater sharks in the current market .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式，任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替，仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any improvement or replacement on the basic spirit of this embodiment still belongs to the scope of protection claimed by the claims of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种淡水鲨鱼饲料，由以下按重量份计的原料组成：白鱼粉20kg、酵母膏8kg、豆粕30kg、米糠5kg、豆油12kg、鱼油8kg、磷酸二氢钙3kg、多维预混料2kg、多矿预混料2kg、氯化胆碱1kg、沸石粉3kg、复合氨基酸4kg、复合益生菌4、kg复合中药15kg；所述的多维预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的维生素质量如下：维生素B1：3mg；维生素B2：15mg；B6：7mg；B12：0.7mg；维生素A：1600mg；维生素D：1500mg；维生素E：80mg；维生素K：30mg；生物素：4mg；叶酸：0.5mg；维生素C：150mg；所述的多矿预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的矿物质质量如下：硒酸钠：2mg；碳酸钴：1mg；碘化钾：15mg；硫酸铜：6mg；硫酸锌：120mg；硫酸锰：25mg；硫酸镁：150mg；所述的复合氨基酸，是赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酰胺按1:0.4:0.8的质量比混合制得；所述的复合益生菌，是将枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热链球菌按1：0.8：0.3的质量比混合制得；所述的复合中药，包括以下按重量份计的原料：紫花地丁15kg、山茱萸8kg、桑寄生12kg、青蒿6kg、白花蛇舌草10kg、桂枝8kg、仙鹤草10kg、苦参3kg、川芎8kg。A kind of freshwater shark feed, is made up of following raw material in parts by weight: white fish meal 20kg, yeast extract 8kg, soybean meal 30kg, rice bran 5kg, soybean oil 12kg, fish oil 8kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg, multi-dimensional premix 2kg, multi-mineral 2kg of premix, 1kg of choline chloride, 3kg of zeolite powder, 4kg of compound amino acid, 4kg of compound probiotics, 15kg of compound Chinese medicine in kg; the multidimensional premix is calculated according to every kilogram of feed, and the quality of vitamins added is as follows: B1: 3mg; Vitamin B2: 15mg; B6: 7mg; B12: 0.7mg; Vitamin A: 1600mg; Vitamin D: 1500mg; Vitamin E: 80mg; Vitamin K: 30mg; : 150mg; Described multi-mineral premix, according to every kilogram of feed, the added mineral quality is as follows: sodium selenate: 2mg; Cobalt carbonate: 1mg; Potassium iodide: 15mg; Copper sulfate: 6mg; Zinc sulfate: 120mg; Manganese sulfate: 25mg; Magnesium sulfate: 150mg; The compound amino acid is prepared by mixing lysine, threonine and glutamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.4:0.8; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Streptococcus thermophilus are prepared by mixing at a mass ratio of 1:0.8:0.3; the compound Chinese medicine includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of Viola chinensis, 8kg of Cornus officinalis, mulberry 12kg, Artemisia annua 6kg, Hedyotis diffusa 10kg, Guizhi 8kg, Agrimony 10kg, Sophora flavescens 3kg, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 8kg.
所述的淡水鲨鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described freshwater shark feed comprises the following steps:
(1)将豆油和鱼油混合加热至油温为40℃时，将白鱼粉、酵母膏、豆粕、米糠、豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、多维预混料、多矿预混料、氯化胆碱和沸石粉加入到混合油中，翻炒8～12min，冷却得料1；(1) When soybean oil and fish oil are mixed and heated to an oil temperature of 40°C, white fish meal, yeast extract, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean oil, fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, multidimensional premix, multimineral premix, chlorinated Add choline and zeolite powder to the mixed oil, stir-fry for 8-12 minutes, and cool to obtain material 1;
(2)将复合中药按配方称取混合，粉碎，加入所述粉碎料质量的1～2倍的水，加热熬煮30min，再加入所述粉碎料质量8倍量的乙醇，在60KHz的频率下，超声处理8min，静置3～5h后回收乙醇，再将剩余物加热熬煮制得含水量为12％的浸膏，计为料2；(2) The compound traditional Chinese medicine is weighed and mixed according to the formula, pulverized, and water with 1 to 2 times the mass of the pulverized material is added, heated and boiled for 30 minutes, and then ethanol with 8 times the mass of the pulverized material is added, and the mixture is heated at a frequency of 60KHz , ultrasonic treatment for 8 minutes, ethanol was recovered after standing for 3 to 5 hours, and then the residue was heated and boiled to obtain an extract with a water content of 12%, which was counted as material 2;
(3)将料1、料2和复合氨基酸、复合益生菌混合，通过造粒机造粒即可。(3) Mix materials 1 and 2 with compound amino acids and compound probiotics, and granulate through a granulator.
实施例2Example 2
一种淡水鲨鱼饲料，由以下按重量份计的原料组成：白鱼粉28kg、酵母膏12kg、豆粕40kg、米糠10kg、豆油18kg、鱼油12kg、磷酸二氢钙4kg、多维预混料5kg、多矿预混料5kg、氯化胆碱2kg、沸石粉8kg、复合氨基酸6kg、复合益生菌6kg、复合中药25kg；所述的多维预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的维生素质量如下：维生素B1：3mg；维生素B2：15mg；B6：7mg；B12：0.7mg；维生素A：1600mg；维生素D：1500mg；维生素E：80mg；维生素K：30mg；生物素：4mg；叶酸：0.5mg；维生素C：150mg；所述的多矿预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的矿物质质量如下：硒酸钠：2mg；碳酸钴：1mg；碘化钾：15mg；硫酸铜：6mg；硫酸锌：120mg；硫酸锰：25mg；硫酸镁：150mg；所述的复合氨基酸，是赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酰胺按2:0.6:1.2的质量比混合制得；所述的复合益生菌，是将枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热链球菌按1：1.2：0.5的质量比混合制得；所述的复合中药，包括以下按重量份计的原料：紫花地丁25kg、山茱萸12kg、桑寄生18kg、青蒿8kg、白花蛇舌草20kg、桂枝12kg、仙鹤草20kg、苦参5kg、川芎12kg。A kind of freshwater shark feed, is made up of following raw material by weight: white fish meal 28kg, yeast extract 12kg, soybean meal 40kg, rice bran 10kg, soybean oil 18kg, fish oil 12kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 4kg, multi-dimensional premix 5kg, multi-mineral 5kg of premix, 2kg of choline chloride, 8kg of zeolite powder, 6kg of compound amino acid, 6kg of compound probiotics, and 25kg of compound traditional Chinese medicine; the multidimensional premix is calculated according to each kilogram of feed, and the quality of vitamins added is as follows: Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2: 15mg; B6: 7mg; B12: 0.7mg; Vitamin A: 1600mg; Vitamin D: 1500mg; Vitamin E: 80mg; Vitamin K: 30mg; Biotin: 4mg; Folic Acid: 0.5mg; 150mg; described multi-mineral premix, according to per kilogram of feed, the added mineral matter quality is as follows: sodium selenate: 2mg; Cobalt carbonate: 1mg; Potassium iodide: 15mg; Copper sulfate: 6mg; Zinc sulfate: 120mg; Manganese: 25 mg; magnesium sulfate: 150 mg; the compound amino acid is prepared by mixing lysine, threonine and glutamine in a mass ratio of 2:0.6:1.2; Bacillus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Streptococcus thermophilus are prepared by mixing at a mass ratio of 1:1.2:0.5; the compound Chinese medicine includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25kg of Viola chinensis, 12kg of Cornus officinalis, 18kg of Sangji , Artemisia annua 8kg, Hedyotis diffusa 20kg, Guizhi 12kg, Agrimony 20kg, Sophora flavescens 5kg, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 12kg.
所述的淡水鲨鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described freshwater shark feed comprises the following steps:
(1)将豆油和鱼油混合加热至油温为50℃时，将白鱼粉、酵母膏、豆粕、米糠、豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、多维预混料、多矿预混料、氯化胆碱和沸石粉加入到混合油中，翻炒8～12min，冷却得料1；(1) When soybean oil and fish oil are mixed and heated to an oil temperature of 50°C, white fish meal, yeast extract, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean oil, fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, multidimensional premix, multimineral premix, chlorinated Add choline and zeolite powder to the mixed oil, stir-fry for 8-12 minutes, and cool to obtain material 1;
(2)将复合中药按配方称取混合，粉碎，加入所述粉碎料质量的1～2倍的水，加热熬煮40min，再加入所述粉碎料质量8倍量的乙醇，在80KHz的频率下，超声处理12min，静置3～5h后回收乙醇，再将剩余物加热熬煮制得含水量为18％的浸膏，计为料2；(2) The composite traditional Chinese medicine is weighed and mixed according to the formula, pulverized, and water with 1 to 2 times the mass of the pulverized material is added, heated and boiled for 40 minutes, and then ethanol with 8 times the mass of the pulverized material is added. , ultrasonic treatment for 12 minutes, ethanol was recovered after standing for 3 to 5 hours, and then the residue was heated and boiled to obtain an extract with a water content of 18%, which was counted as material 2;
(3)将料1、料2和复合氨基酸、复合益生菌混合，通过造粒机造粒即可。(3) Mix materials 1 and 2 with compound amino acids and compound probiotics, and granulate through a granulator.
实施例3Example 3
一种淡水鲨鱼饲料，由以下按重量份计的原料组成：白鱼粉25kg、酵母膏10kg、豆粕35kg、米糠8kg、豆油15kg、鱼油10kg、磷酸二氢钙3.5kg、多维预混料3kg、多矿预混料4kg、氯化胆碱1.5kg、沸石粉5kg、复合氨基酸5kg、复合益生菌5kg、复合中药20kg；所述的多维预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的维生素质量如下：维生素B1：3mg；维生素B2：15mg；B6：7mg；B12：0.7mg；维生素A：1600mg；维生素D：1500mg；维生素E：80mg；维生素K：30mg；生物素：4mg；叶酸：0.5mg；维生素C：150mg；所述的多矿预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的矿物质质量如下：硒酸钠：2mg；碳酸钴：1mg；碘化钾：15mg；硫酸铜：6mg；硫酸锌：120mg；硫酸锰：25mg；硫酸镁：150mg；所述的复合氨基酸，是赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酰胺按1.5:0.5:1的质量比混合制得；所述的复合益生菌，是将枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热链球菌按1：1：0.4的质量比混合制得；所述的复合中药，包括以下按重量份计的原料：紫花地丁20kg、山茱萸10kg、桑寄生15kg、青蒿7kg、白花蛇舌草15kg、桂枝10kg、仙鹤草15kg、苦参4kg、川芎10kg。A kind of freshwater shark feed, is made up of following raw material by weight: white fish meal 25kg, yeast extract 10kg, soybean meal 35kg, rice bran 8kg, soybean oil 15kg, fish oil 10kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3.5kg, multidimensional premix 3kg, multidimensional 4kg of ore premix, 1.5kg of choline chloride, 5kg of zeolite powder, 5kg of compound amino acid, 5kg of compound probiotics, and 20kg of compound Chinese medicine; the multidimensional premix is calculated according to every kilogram of feed, and the quality of vitamins added is as follows: Vitamin B1: 3mg; Vitamin B2: 15mg; B6: 7mg; B12: 0.7mg; Vitamin A: 1600mg; Vitamin D: 1500mg; Vitamin E: 80mg; Vitamin K: 30mg; C: 150mg; the multi-mineral premix, according to the feed per kilogram, the added mineral quality is as follows: sodium selenate: 2mg; cobalt carbonate: 1mg; potassium iodide: 15mg; copper sulfate: 6mg; zinc sulfate: 120mg Manganese sulfate: 25mg; Magnesium sulfate: 150mg; The compound amino acid is prepared by mixing lysine, threonine and glutamine in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5:1; the compound probiotic is It is prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptococcus thermophilus at a mass ratio of 1:1:0.4; the compound Chinese medicine includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20kg of Viola chinensis, 10kg of Cornus officinalis, mulberry Parasitic 15kg, Artemisia annua 7kg, Hedyotis diffusa 15kg, Guizhi 10kg, Agrimony 15kg, Sophora flavescens 4kg, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10kg.
所述的淡水鲨鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described freshwater shark feed comprises the following steps:
(1)将豆油和鱼油混合加热至油温为40～50℃时，将白鱼粉、酵母膏、豆粕、米糠、豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、多维预混料、多矿预混料、氯化胆碱和沸石粉加入到混合油中，翻炒8～12min，冷却得料1；(1) When soybean oil and fish oil are mixed and heated until the oil temperature is 40-50°C, white fish meal, yeast extract, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean oil, fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, multi-dimensional premix, multi-mineral premix, Add choline chloride and zeolite powder to the mixed oil, stir-fry for 8-12 minutes, and cool to obtain material 1;
(2)将复合中药按配方称取混合，粉碎，加入所述粉碎料质量的1～2倍的水，加热熬煮35min，再加入所述粉碎料质量8倍量的乙醇，在70KHz的频率下，超声处理10min，静置3～5h后回收乙醇，再将剩余物加热熬煮制得含水量为15％的浸膏，计为料2；(2) The compound traditional Chinese medicine is weighed and mixed according to the formula, pulverized, and water with 1 to 2 times the mass of the pulverized material is added, heated and boiled for 35 minutes, and then ethanol with 8 times the mass of the pulverized material is added. 10 minutes, and after standing for 3 to 5 hours, the ethanol was recovered, and then the residue was heated and boiled to obtain an extract with a water content of 15%, which was counted as material 2;
(3)将料1、料2和复合氨基酸、复合益生菌混合，通过造粒机造粒即可。(3) Mix materials 1 and 2 with compound amino acids and compound probiotics, and granulate through a granulator.
实施例4Example 4
一种淡水鲨鱼饲料，由以下按重量份计的原料组成：白鱼粉20kg、酵母膏12kg、豆粕30kg、米糠10kg、豆油12kg、鱼油12kg、磷酸二氢钙3kg、多维预混料5kg、多矿预混料2kg、氯化胆碱2kg、沸石粉3kg、复合氨基酸6kg、复合益生菌4kg、复合中药25kg；所述的多维预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的维生素质量如下：维生素B1：3mg；维生素B2：15mg；B6：7mg；B12：0.7mg；维生素A：1600mg；维生素D：1500mg；维生素E：80mg；维生素K：30mg；生物素：4mg；叶酸：0.5mg；维生素C：150mg；所述的多矿预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的矿物质质量如下：硒酸钠：2mg；碳酸钴：1mg；碘化钾：15mg；硫酸铜：6mg；硫酸锌：120mg；硫酸锰：25mg；硫酸镁：150mg；所述的复合氨基酸，是赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酰胺按1:0.6:0.8的质量比混合制得；所述的复合益生菌，是将枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热链球菌按1：0.8：0.5的质量比混合制得；所述的复合中药，包括以下按重量份计的原料：紫花地丁15kg、山茱萸12kg、桑寄生12kg、青蒿8kg、白花蛇舌草10kg、桂枝12kg、仙鹤草10kg、苦参5kg、川芎8kg。A kind of freshwater shark feed, is made up of following raw material in parts by weight: white fish meal 20kg, yeast extract 12kg, soybean meal 30kg, rice bran 10kg, soybean oil 12kg, fish oil 12kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg, multi-dimensional premix 5kg, multi-mineral 2kg of premix, 2kg of choline chloride, 3kg of zeolite powder, 6kg of compound amino acids, 4kg of compound probiotics, and 25kg of compound traditional Chinese medicine; the multidimensional premix is calculated according to each kilogram of feed, and the quality of vitamins added is as follows: Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2: 15mg; B6: 7mg; B12: 0.7mg; Vitamin A: 1600mg; Vitamin D: 1500mg; Vitamin E: 80mg; Vitamin K: 30mg; Biotin: 4mg; Folic Acid: 0.5mg; 150mg; described multi-mineral premix, according to per kilogram of feed, the added mineral matter quality is as follows: sodium selenate: 2mg; Cobalt carbonate: 1mg; Potassium iodide: 15mg; Copper sulfate: 6mg; Zinc sulfate: 120mg; Manganese: 25 mg; magnesium sulfate: 150 mg; the compound amino acid is prepared by mixing lysine, threonine and glutamine in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.8; Bacillus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Streptococcus thermophilus are prepared by mixing at a mass ratio of 1:0.8:0.5; the compound Chinese medicine includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15kg of Viola chinensis, 12kg of Cornus officinalis, 12kg of Sangji , Artemisia annua 8kg, Hedyotis diffusa 10kg, Guizhi 12kg, Agrimony 10kg, Sophora flavescens 5kg, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 8kg.
所述的淡水鲨鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described freshwater shark feed comprises the following steps:
(1)将豆油和鱼油混合加热至油温为50℃时，将白鱼粉、酵母膏、豆粕、米糠、豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、多维预混料、多矿预混料、氯化胆碱和沸石粉加入到混合油中，翻炒12min，冷却得料1；(1) When soybean oil and fish oil are mixed and heated to an oil temperature of 50°C, white fish meal, yeast extract, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean oil, fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, multidimensional premix, multimineral premix, chlorinated Add choline and zeolite powder to the mixed oil, stir-fry for 12 minutes, and cool to obtain material 1;
(2)将复合中药按配方称取混合，粉碎，加入所述粉碎料质量的1～2倍的水，加热熬煮30min，再加入所述粉碎料质量8倍量的乙醇，在60KHz的频率下，超声处理12min，静置3～5h后回收乙醇，再将剩余物加热熬煮制得含水量为18％的浸膏，计为料2；(2) The compound traditional Chinese medicine is weighed and mixed according to the formula, pulverized, and water with 1 to 2 times the mass of the pulverized material is added, heated and boiled for 30 minutes, and then ethanol with 8 times the mass of the pulverized material is added, and the mixture is heated at a frequency of 60KHz , ultrasonic treatment for 12 minutes, ethanol was recovered after standing for 3 to 5 hours, and then the residue was heated and boiled to obtain an extract with a water content of 18%, which was counted as material 2;
(3)将料1、料2和复合氨基酸、复合益生菌混合，通过造粒机造粒即可。(3) Mix materials 1 and 2 with compound amino acids and compound probiotics, and granulate through a granulator.
实施例5Example 5
一种淡水鲨鱼饲料，由以下按重量份计的原料组成：白鱼粉28kg、酵母膏8kg、豆粕40kg、米糠5kg、豆油18kg、鱼油8kg、磷酸二氢钙4kg、多维预混料2kg、多矿预混料5kg、氯化胆碱1kg、沸石粉8kg、复合氨基酸4kg、复合益生菌6kg、复合中药15kg；所述的多维预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的维生素质量如下：维生素B1：3mg；维生素B2：15mg；B6：7mg；B12：0.7mg；维生素A：1600mg；维生素D：1500mg；维生素E：80mg；维生素K：30mg；生物素：4mg；叶酸：0.5mg；维生素C：150mg；所述的多矿预混料，按照每公斤饲料计，添加的矿物质质量如下：硒酸钠：2mg；碳酸钴：1mg；碘化钾：15mg；硫酸铜：6mg；硫酸锌：120mg；硫酸锰：25mg；硫酸镁：150mg；所述的复合氨基酸，是赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酰胺按2:0.4:1.2的质量比混合制得；所述的复合益生菌，是将枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热链球菌按1：1.2：0.3的质量比混合制得；所述的复合中药，包括以下按重量份计的原料：紫花地丁25kg、山茱萸8kg、桑寄生18kg、青蒿6kg、白花蛇舌草20kg、桂枝8kg、仙鹤草20kg、苦参3kg、川芎12kg。A kind of freshwater shark feed, is made up of following raw material in parts by weight: white fish meal 28kg, yeast extract 8kg, soybean meal 40kg, rice bran 5kg, soybean oil 18kg, fish oil 8kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 4kg, multi-dimensional premix 2kg, multi-mineral 5kg of premix, 1kg of choline chloride, 8kg of zeolite powder, 4kg of compound amino acid, 6kg of compound probiotics, and 15kg of compound traditional Chinese medicine; the multidimensional premix is calculated according to each kilogram of feed, and the quality of vitamins added is as follows: Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2: 15mg; B6: 7mg; B12: 0.7mg; Vitamin A: 1600mg; Vitamin D: 1500mg; Vitamin E: 80mg; Vitamin K: 30mg; Biotin: 4mg; Folic Acid: 0.5mg; 150mg; described multi-mineral premix, according to per kilogram of feed, the added mineral matter quality is as follows: sodium selenate: 2mg; Cobalt carbonate: 1mg; Potassium iodide: 15mg; Copper sulfate: 6mg; Zinc sulfate: 120mg; Manganese: 25 mg; magnesium sulfate: 150 mg; the compound amino acid is prepared by mixing lysine, threonine and glutamine in a mass ratio of 2:0.4:1.2; Bacillus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Streptococcus thermophilus are prepared by mixing at a mass ratio of 1:1.2:0.3; the compound Chinese medicine includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: Viola 25kg, Cornus officinalis 8kg, and Sangjisi 18kg , Artemisia annua 6kg, Hedyotis diffusa 20kg, Guizhi 8kg, Agrimony 20kg, Sophora flavescens 3kg, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 12kg.
所述的淡水鲨鱼饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of described freshwater shark feed comprises the following steps:
(1)将豆油和鱼油混合加热至油温为40～50℃时，将白鱼粉、酵母膏、豆粕、米糠、豆油、鱼油、磷酸二氢钙、多维预混料、多矿预混料、氯化胆碱和沸石粉加入到混合油中，翻炒8～12min，冷却得料1；(1) When soybean oil and fish oil are mixed and heated until the oil temperature is 40-50°C, white fish meal, yeast extract, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean oil, fish oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, multi-dimensional premix, multi-mineral premix, Add choline chloride and zeolite powder to the mixed oil, stir-fry for 8-12 minutes, and cool to obtain material 1;
(2)将复合中药按配方称取混合，粉碎，加入所述粉碎料质量的1～2倍的水，加热熬煮30min，再加入所述粉碎料质量8倍量的乙醇，在80KHz的频率下，超声处理12min，静置3～5h后回收乙醇，再将剩余物加热熬煮制得含水量为12％的浸膏，计为料2；(2) The compound traditional Chinese medicine is weighed and mixed according to the formula, pulverized, and water with 1 to 2 times the mass of the pulverized material is added, heated and boiled for 30 minutes, and then ethanol with an amount of 8 times the mass of the pulverized material is added, at a frequency of 80KHz , ultrasonic treatment for 12 minutes, ethanol was recovered after standing for 3 to 5 hours, and then the residue was heated and boiled to obtain an extract with a water content of 12%, which was counted as material 2;
(3)将料1、料2和复合氨基酸、复合益生菌混合，通过造粒机造粒即可。(3) Mix materials 1 and 2 with compound amino acids and compound probiotics, and granulate through a granulator.
1、分别在盐度为4％、5％、6％的的环境下的水池中喂养淡水鲨鱼，分为第一组、第二组、第三组，三组作为实验组，采用本发明饲料进行喂养，对照组在相同盐度环境下，采用申请号为201610934540.6《一种淡水鲨鱼饲料及其制备方法》公开的淡水鲨鱼饲料进行喂养，对实验组和对照组的平均增重/日、平均饲料转化率、平均病害发生率进行跟踪记录，其中选用的淡水鲨鱼的品种相同，不同盐度下的结果分别如表1、表2、表3所示：1, feed freshwater sharks in ponds under environments with salinity of 4%, 5%, and 6% respectively, and be divided into the first group, the second group, and the third group, and the three groups are used as experimental groups, and adopt the feed of the present invention For feeding, the control group is fed under the same salinity environment, and the freshwater shark feed disclosed by the application number 201610934540.6 "A kind of freshwater shark feed and its preparation method" is fed. The average weight gain/day and average weight gain of the experimental group and the control group The feed conversion rate and the average disease incidence rate are tracked and recorded, and the freshwater shark species selected are the same, and the results under different salinities are shown in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 respectively:
表1：盐度为4％Table 1: Salinity at 4%
表2：盐度为5％Table 2: Salinity at 5%
表3：盐度为6％Table 3: Salinity at 6%
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