CN107592888A - 热喷涂方法 - Google Patents

热喷涂方法 Download PDF

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CN107592888A
CN107592888A CN201680026262.2A CN201680026262A CN107592888A CN 107592888 A CN107592888 A CN 107592888A CN 201680026262 A CN201680026262 A CN 201680026262A CN 107592888 A CN107592888 A CN 107592888A
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optical sensor
cylinder
sensor device
spray beam
coating
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CN107592888B (zh
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C.克利梅施
A.沙勒
L.施拉姆
D.格伯特
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KS Huayu Alutech GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/004—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area comprising sensors for monitoring the delivery, e.g. by displaying the sensed value or generating an alarm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
    • B05B13/0627—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies
    • B05B13/0636—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies by means of rotatable spray heads or nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material
    • C23C4/16—Wires; Tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J10/00—Engine or like cylinders; Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies in general
    • F16J10/02—Cylinders designed to receive moving pistons or plungers
    • F16J10/04—Running faces; Liners

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于内燃机或活塞机械的气缸(10)的内表面(24)涂层的热喷涂方法和装置，其中，所述方法具有以下步骤：‑向气缸(10)的内表面(26)上布设热喷涂层(24)；‑通过光学的传感器装置(12)光学式检测喷射束(13)的周围(15)，即喷射束(13)外部的空间，其中，若在喷射束(13)外部的监测的区域(15)中通过光学的传感器装置(12)探测到向热喷涂装置(11)输送的喷涂材料(14)的颗粒，则认为涂层过程有缺陷。

Description

热喷涂方法
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机或活塞机械的气缸的内表面涂层的热喷涂方法。
由现有技术已知用于表面涂层的热喷涂装置。例如已知PTWA(等离子电弧热喷涂，英语：Plasma Transferred Wire Arc)或RSW(旋转单丝喷涂，英语：Rotating SingleWire)方法，在汽车工业中通过此方法对内燃机中气缸孔的工作面涂层。为此，线材通过进给装置向喷嘴输送，所述线材的颗粒在气流中向气缸的内表面上喷涂。
为了实现涂层过程的质量保持不变，需要检查涂层过程的结果。这尤其是适宜的，因为随后的珩磨过程对通过内燃机或活塞机械的气缸热涂层过程产生的不均匀的反应非常敏感。因而重要的是识别缺陷部件并在必要时修补。
目前为止，热喷涂过程的质量通过工人目视检查涂层的气缸工作面来检查。
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种用于内燃机或活塞机械的气缸内表面涂层的热喷涂方法，所述方法可以使涂层过程结果的检查更简单。
所述技术问题按照本发明通过权利要求1的特征解决。
用于内燃机或活塞机械的气缸内表面涂层的热喷涂方法包括以下步骤：
向气缸内表面上布设热喷涂层。这可以例如在使用从现有技术已知的PTWA/RSW方法的情况下进行。
按照本发明地通过光学的传感器装置检测喷射束的周围。光学传感器装置因而检测喷射束外部的空间。若在通过光学传感器装置监视的区域中在喷射束外部检测到向喷嘴输送的喷涂材料的颗粒，则可认为涂层过程有缺陷。
通过按照本发明地使用光学的传感器装置，因而可以自动地识别涂层过程的缺陷，使得可以取消由人检查涂层过程质量。有缺陷的部件然后可以在必要时修补。按照本发明，不直接监视涂层表面，而是监视喷射束的周围，即喷射束外部的空间。若喷涂材料的、尺寸和/或其它的参数超过确定的阈值的颗粒处在喷射束外部，就认为在涂层过程出现不均匀。例如可能发生作为喷涂材料向喷嘴输送的线材没有被均匀地熔化，并且因而较大的线材块在喷射束外部飞过涂层室。这种颗粒可以借助按照本发明的光学传感器装置探测。
优选的是，监视在喷射束外部检测到的喷涂材料颗粒的参数，例如尺寸、频率、光强度、飞行速度和/或飞行轨迹。若所述参数超过确定的阈值，则认为涂层过程中有缺陷。所述参数可以通过软件算法或过滤器来评估，以便由此可以推断涂层过程的质量。例如可以监视所有在喷射束外部检测到的喷涂材料的颗粒的总计的颗粒面积，所述颗粒优选地超过确定的尺寸。若所述总计的颗粒面积超过界限值，即可认为涂层过程有缺陷。此外例如可以通过构成所述值的其中一个的数学导数监视该值的变化。因此例如可以监视颗粒面积的增大、被检测到的颗粒的频率的增大等。若所述导数超过确定的阈值，则同样可认为涂层过程有缺陷。
此外可以例如通过软件算法考虑喷溅的长度、喷溅的数量、喷溅的飞行轨迹或其尺寸(例如，若仅使用一个摄像机，则作为二维面)。由所述量也可以构成导数，以便例如探测面积的增大。若确定出的斜率或导数超过确定的阈值，则同样可认为涂层过程有缺陷。
优选地，光学传感器装置监视气缸上底面上方的区域，即气缸外部，以便探测喷涂材料的颗粒。由此，若喷涂材料的颗粒、例如发热的线材块从待涂层的气缸向外从其上开口飞出，就会被光学传感器装置探测。通过把光学传感器装置布置在气缸上方，可以实现所述装置的特别简单的结构，因为光学传感器装置不一定必须导入气缸内。
优选地，光学传感器装置为摄像机。
在另外的优选的实施方式中，光学传感器装置可以是激光传感器。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于向内燃机或活塞机械的气缸内表面上布设热喷涂层的热喷涂装置。按照本发明的装置可以具有结合按照本发明的方法所述的全部特征，按照本发明的方法可以具有结合按照本发明的装置所述的全部特征。
按照本发明的热喷涂装置包括用于光学检测喷射束的周围(即喷射束外部的空间)的光学传感器装置。在此例如是摄像机或激光传感器。
优选地，所述光学传感器装置向气缸上底面上方的区域定向，以便探测喷涂材料的颗粒，所述颗粒从气缸的上开口飞出。
以下结合附图阐述本发明的优选的实施方式。
图1示出未示出的内燃机或活塞机械的气缸10，所述气缸通过热喷涂装置11涂层。为此，线材14通过未示出的线材进给装置向热喷涂装置11输送。热喷涂装置11向气缸10的内表面26上以喷射束13的形式喷涂涂层，由此把涂层24涂覆在所述内表面上。按照本发明通过光学传感器装置12监视喷射束13外部的区域15，以便探测喷涂材料14在喷射束13外部的的颗粒16。所述颗粒例如会如图1所示位于气缸10的上底面17上方，并且被摄像机12检测。若探测到颗粒16，则可以认为涂层过程有缺陷，以便可以修补待涂层的部件。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于内燃机或活塞机械的气缸(10)的内表面(24)涂层的热喷涂方法，其中，所述方法具有以下步骤：
-向气缸(10)的内表面(26)上布设热喷涂层(24)；
-通过光学的传感器装置(12)光学式检测喷射束(13)的周围(15)，即喷射束(13)外部的空间，
其中，若在喷射束(13)外部的监测的区域(15)中通过光学的传感器装置(12)探测到向热喷涂装置(11)输送的喷涂材料(14)的颗粒，其参数超过确定的阈值，则认为涂层过程有缺陷。
2.按权利要求1所述的热喷涂方法，其特征在于，若在喷射束(13)外部检测到的喷涂材料(14)的颗粒(16)的尺寸、频率、光强度、飞行速度和/或飞行轨迹及其长度，或者所述量的数学导数或总和超过确定的阈值，则认为在涂层过程中有缺陷。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的热喷涂方法，其特征在于，所述光学的传感器装置(12)监视气缸(10)的上底面(17)上方的、即气缸(10)外部的区域(15)，以便探测喷涂材料(14)的颗粒。
4.按权利要求1至3所述的热喷涂方法，其特征在于，所述光学的传感器装置(12)是摄像机。
5.按权利要求1至3所述的热喷涂方法，其特征在于，所述光学的传感器装置(12)为激光传感器。
6.一种用于向内燃机或活塞机械的气缸(10)的内表面上涂覆热喷涂层的热喷涂装置(11)，其中，热喷涂装置(11)具有：
-用于光学式检测喷射束(13)的周围(15)的、即喷射束(13)外部空间的光学的传感器装置(12)。
7.按权利要求6所述的热喷涂装置(11)，其特征在于，所述光学的传感器装置(12)向气缸(10)的上底面(17)上方的区域(15)定向，以便探测喷射束(13)外部的喷涂材料(14)的颗粒(16)。
CN201680026262.2A 2015-06-19 2016-05-13 热喷涂方法和热喷涂装置 Active CN107592888B (zh)

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US20180185867A1 (en) 2018-07-05
BR112017020667A2 (pt) 2018-07-03
WO2016202511A1 (de) 2016-12-22
RU2680813C1 (ru) 2019-02-27
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