CN107575204B - A kind of underground coal mine slot pressure maintaining guiding pressure break anti-reflection method - Google Patents

A kind of underground coal mine slot pressure maintaining guiding pressure break anti-reflection method Download PDF

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CN107575204B
CN107575204B CN201711021085.1A CN201711021085A CN107575204B CN 107575204 B CN107575204 B CN 107575204B CN 201711021085 A CN201711021085 A CN 201711021085A CN 107575204 B CN107575204 B CN 107575204B
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hole
pressure break
slot
pilot hole
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CN107575204A (en
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葛兆龙
卢义玉
左少杰
汤积仁
夏彬伟
仲建宇
程玉刚
程亮
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention discloses the methods that a kind of underground coal mine slot pressure maintaining guiding pressure break increases gas permeability of coal seam, the anti-reflection operation suitable for lower permeability seam.The characteristics of this kind guiding pressure break anti-reflection method, is also to arrange pilot hole while arranging pressure break hole, and suitable slot parameter is designed according to coal geology situation, slot is carried out to pressure break hole and pilot hole, certain hydraulic pressure is kept to pilot hole later, hydraulic fracturing is carried out to pressure break hole.The guiding fracturing process can effectively guiding crack extend compared with conventional hydraulic pressure break, reach the control effect of fracture extension, reduce hydraulic fracturing " blank tape ", increase the pressure break range in pressure break hole;This method can make coal body generate local distressed zone simultaneously, and the initial cracking pressure of hydraulic fracturing is effectively reduced, and overcome the disadvantages of destroying roof and floor and causing secondary disaster, strengthen fracture pattern, be finally reached the purpose of enhancing fracturing effect, efficient mash gas extraction.

Description

A kind of underground coal mine slot pressure maintaining guiding pressure break anti-reflection method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground coal mine slot pressure maintainings to be oriented to pressure break anti-reflection method, belongs to underground coal mine region gas and controls Technical field is managed, is particularly suitable for that fracturing effect is unbalanced, there are the mines of a large amount of pressure breaks " blank tape ".
Background technique
Gas (coal bed gas) is stored in the Unconventional gas in coal seam mainly as one kind with adsorbed state, is to threaten coal mine The principal element of safety in production and the clean energy resource of China's future focus development.In recent years, pacify to eliminate gas to coal mine Full production bring threatens, comprehensive utilization gas is increased economic efficiency, and China more and more payes attention to control of coalmine gas.From After the expanded application of " waterpower " gas control means, lot of domestic and international scholar is devoted to improve gas drainage at this stage Technology successively proposes conventional hydraulic pressure break, high-pressure water jet slot, hydraulic slotted liner technique pressure break etc., wherein conventional hydraulic pressure break, waterpower Slot pressure break is using relatively broad.The advantages of these hydraulic fracturing technologies is can to improve to coal seam pressure relief or generation crack Gas permeability of coal seam, gas flow and concentration can reach higher level at post-fracturing initial stage.But still Shortcomings it Place: it is higher including pressure break initial cracking pressure, it is larger to Roof And Floor Stability destruction, it is unfavorable for subsequent digging and support work, splits The crack starter location that is sewn in coal seam and extension, which extend, to be difficult to control, be easy to turn to roof and floor and extend extension cause to be difficult to it is effectively right Pressure break is implemented in coal seam, and single major fracture is easily formed pressure break " blank tape ", and gas extraction concentration decaying is very fast, extraction efficiency Low, extracting result is unobvious, and gas burst accident easily occurs for when exploitation, and construction cost is higher, the not exclusively equal (Wang Yao of fracturing effect Cutting edge of a knife or a sword, He Xueqiu, Wang Enyuan wait the anti-reflection Research progress in waterpower coal seam and development trend [J] coal journal, and 2014,39 (10): 1945-1955.).
In order to guiding crack extension, achieve the effect that fracture propagation direction control, domestic scholars propose guide groove or The method that person's pilot hole improves hydraulic fracturing, such as patent publication No. are as follows: CN102619552A, entitled " guide groove orients waterpower Press to wear anti-reflection and outburst elimination method " patent only propose guide groove guiding crack extension different arrangements, it is not specified that no With the use condition of guide groove arrangement and the size design criterion of guide groove;Patent publication No. are as follows: CN103133028A, name The patent of referred to as " method of down-hole coal bed hydraulically created fracture guiding extension " uses discoid slot and only to slot depth It is inquired into.But it is found in application at the scene, above-mentioned guiding fracturing effect is unsatisfactory.Analysis finds that main cause is circle The control ability of plate-like slot fracture crack starter location is poor, and the guidance capability of the pilot hole fracture of no hydraulic pressure is weaker.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of above-mentioned hydraulic fracturing technology, the present invention proposes that a kind of underground coal mine slot pressure maintaining guiding pressure break is anti-reflection Method using axial slotting technique and provides hydraulic pressure to pilot hole during pressure break to pressure break hole and pilot hole respectively, overcomes Existing hydraulic fracturing technology initial cracking pressure is higher, destroys the disadvantages of serious, gas extraction concentration decaying is very fast to Seam Roof And Floor. This method can guiding crack crack initiation extension, reduce hydraulic fracturing " blank tape ", increase pressure break hole pressure break range, reduce waterpower The initial cracking pressure of pressure break reduces the destruction to roof and floor, strengthens fracture pattern, is finally reached enhancing fracturing effect, efficient extraction The purpose of gas.
Underground coal mine pressure maintaining guiding pressure break anti-reflection method of the invention includes the following steps:
Step 1, construction parameter, including guiding hole number n are determined1, pressure break hole and pilot hole slot quantity n2, slot long axis A, slot short axle b, slot azimuth angle alpha, pressure break hole water injection pressure pw, pilot hole water injection pressure pd
(1) according to the far field crustal stress σ in coal seam1、σ3, the elastic modulus E of coal, tensile strength σt, crack initiation pressure is calculated Power pf
(2) it is calculated by the following formula slot design parameter:
In above formula, σρMinimum principal stress before stress redistribution, σθMaximum principal stress before stress redistribution, A1、 A2、A3、B1、B2、B3For coefficient, pwFor pressure break hole water injection pressure;
And coefficient A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3Meet following equation:
In above formula, α is slot azimuth, and ρ is mapping guiding distance, and m=(a-b)/(a+b), a, b are oval slot hole Long axis and short axle;
Thus it can determine the stress changing curve outside the slot of pressure break hole, work as σρ> σθWhen (radial stress > tangential stress), split Line can persistently be extended according to the direction of design, as shown in Figure 1.Meanwhile above formula can abbreviation are as follows:
σ1·f(ρ)+σ3·g(ρ)+Pw·h(x)≥0
When meeting the condition, crackle can be oriented to, each parameter meaning is as follows in formula:
(3) according to above-mentioned relation, pressure break hole water injection pressure p is obtainedw, slot long axis a, short axle b, slot azimuth angle alpha with reflect Penetrate the relationship of guiding distance ρ, i.e. pressure break hole water injection pressure pw, slot long axis a and mapping guiding distance ρ be positively correlated, short axle b, seam Slot azimuth angle alpha (taking radian, range is 0~pi/2) is negatively correlated with mapping guiding distance ρ.And it is answered according to above-mentioned relation in maximum master Pilot hole is arranged less and be remotely locatable in power side, arranges the minimum principal stress side and closely arrangement pilot hole more, finally answers root Guiding hole site and quantity are determined according to job location parameter.Wherein, guiding hole number is generally identical as pressure break slit slot number, and On the extended line of pressure break hole slot;Pilot hole slot is arranged generally according to pressure break hole slot arrangement, pressure break hole Water injection pressure pwGreater than initial cracking pressure pf, pilot hole water injection pressure pdLess than initial cracking pressure pfAnd it is greater than minimum horizontal principal stress σ3
Specifically, during carrying out pilot hole and slot parameter designing, ground stress deviation is considered first.If ground stress deviation compared with Small (4MPa or less), guiding hole number are generally 2~6;Ground stress deviation is larger (4MPa or more), and guiding hole number is generally 4 ~8.Pilot hole is typically distributed across the small two sides of crustal stress, is distributed in symmetry shape.Pilot hole azimuth angle alpha (i.e. slot azimuth, Slot direction is located on pilot hole and pressure break hole line) 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, 90 ° are generally, it can also be according to construction site feelings Condition is adjusted.Then (practical crustal stress, slot depth enchashment stage maximum depth of cut are calculated under the execution conditions 2.5m, water injection pressure take initial cracking pressure etc.) the azimuthal guiding distance of different slots, if expection is still not achieved in farthest guiding distance Effect then properly increases water injection pressure, final to determine pilot hole and slot arrangement parameter.To guarantee fracturing effect, described in one There are 2~8 pilot holes in pressure break hole and are 5~35m away from pressure break hole.
This step is that slot azimuth, slot long axis, slot are obtained according to the change curve of aforesaid equation and Fig. 1 is short The design considerations of the parameters such as axis, pressure break hole water injection pressure, pressure break hole and pilot hole distance.The advantage of the design criteria is can be Reasonable parameter is designed according to coal geology situation before pressing crack construction, guarantees that pressure break range maximizes.Such as in control cost In the case where suitably increase pressure break hole number and can effectively increase pressure break range, increase pressure break hole water injection pressure and slot depth energy It is enough to increase guiding distance, and pilot hole is arranged on this basis, be capable of maximal efficiency utilizes guidance capability, makes pressure break range most Bigization.
Step 2, the design according to step 1 to pressure break hole and pilot hole, from rock gangway to drilling in coal pressure break hole and pilot hole, Pilot hole position and quantity are designed according to coal geology situation, generally 2~8 and away from pressure break hole be 15~35m;
Step 3, hydraulic slotted liner technique is carried out to pressure break hole and pilot hole according to slot design scheme, slot azimuth angle alpha generally connects Nearly minimum principal stress σ3Direction, slot quantity are generally 2~8, and slot depth (half of slot long axis a) is generally 1~3m, Slot quantity and depth are related to coal strength, buried depth, crustal stress etc., and slot depth is controlled by being pumped, and slot shape is square Shape, and plane where slot is parallel to slot place pilot hole or pressure break hole.
Step 4, sealing of hole, sealing of hole to seat earth, curing time 48h are carried out to pressure break hole and pilot hole;
Step 5, each pilot hole and fracturing pump A are connected, general multiple pilot holes connect a fracturing pump, pilot hole aperture Pressure gauge is installed, shut-off valve is housed between pilot hole and fracturing pump, multiple fracturing pumps can also be connected as needed to produce by pilot hole The pilot hole of raw different pressures;
Step 6, connection pressure break hole and fracturing pump B, pressure break hole aperture is equipped with pressure gauge, is equipped between pressure break hole and fracturing pump Shut-off valve and flowmeter;
Step 7, starting fracturing pump A to design pressure and is kept constant, the pressure pdLess than initial cracking pressure pfAnd it is greater than minimum Horizontal principal stress σ3
Step 8, start fracturing pump B after subject-oriented pore pressure force is stablized, slowly increase pump pressure until coal seam crack initiation, then keeps Fracturing pump pressure is stablized;
Step 9, the pressure of each pilot hole is observed in fracturing process at any time, if pilot hole pressure rise, shows to have pressed The shut-off valve closed between the pressure break hole and fracturing pump A to the pilot hole is split, to close pressure after each pilot hole all connection Split pump A;
Step 10, the shut-off valve between pressure break hole and fracturing pump B is first closed, fracturing pump B is turned off, is started to being pressure break hole Pressure maintaining is carried out, the dwell time is generally 20 days.
The method of the present invention also arranges pilot hole while arranging pressure break hole, and is designed properly according to coal geology situation Slot parameter, slot is carried out to pressure break hole and pilot hole, certain hydraulic pressure is kept to pilot hole later, water is carried out to pressure break hole It forces and splits.The guiding fracturing process can effectively guiding crack extend compared with conventional hydraulic pressure break, reach fracture extension Control effect is reduced hydraulic fracturing " blank tape ", increases the pressure break range in pressure break hole;This method can make coal body generate part simultaneously The initial cracking pressure of hydraulic fracturing is effectively reduced in distressed zone, overcomes the disadvantages of destroying roof and floor and causing secondary disaster, reinforcing is split Slit state is finally reached the purpose of enhancing fracturing effect, efficient mash gas extraction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 pressure break hole slot external carbuncle change curve
Fig. 2 is hydraulic slotted liner technique construction drawing of the invention.
Fig. 3 is that pressure maintaining of the invention is oriented to pressing crack construction figure and the A-A sectional view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is guiding fracturing effect plan view of the invention.
It is respectively marked in figure as follows: 1-water tank, 2-fracturing pump B, 3-high-pressure rubber pipes, 4-drilling machines, 5-sealing drilling rods, 6- Pressure break hole, 7-pilot holes, 8-hydraulic slotted liner technique devices, 9-drill bits, 10-slots, 11-high-pressure water jets, 12-bottom plates, 13-coal seams, 14-top plates, 15-sealing section, 16-fracturing pump A, 17-shut-off valves, 18-pressure gauges, 19-hydraulic fractures.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
Assuming that coal seam crustal stress σ1For 10MPa, σ3For 8MPa, the elasticity modulus of coal is 15GPa, tensile strength σtFor When 0.5MPa, obtaining initial cracking pressure according to existing theoretical calculation is about 9MPa.
A. it is calculated by the following formula slot design parameter:
In above formula, σρMinimum principal stress before stress redistribution, σθMaximum principal stress before stress redistribution, A1、 A2、A3、B1、B2、B3For coefficient, σ1、σ3For far field crustal stress, pwFor water injection pressure;
And coefficient A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3Meet following equation:
In above formula, α is slot azimuth, and ρ is mapping guiding distance, and m=(a-b)/(a+b), a, b are oval slot hole Long axis and short axle;Work as σρ> σθWhen (radial stress > tangential stress), crackle can persistently extend according to the direction of design.Meanwhile Above formula can abbreviation are as follows: σ1gf(ρ)+σ3gg(ρ)+Pwgh(x)≥0
When meeting the condition, crackle can be oriented to, each parameter meaning is as follows in formula:
Different parameters are substituted into above formula respectively, are obtained:
When water injection pressure is 15MPa, slot long axis 2.5m, guiding distance (distance at two guiding slot tips) and side The relationship of parallactic angle (radian) are as follows:
L=309.35116-8.82011x+0.06164x2
When water injection pressure is 15MPa, 60 ° of azimuth, guiding distance (distance at two guiding slot tips) and slot The relationship of long axis (slot long axis is x times of slot short axle, and general slot short axle takes 0.05m) are as follows:
L=-0.02726+0.07485x
At 60 ° of azimuth, slot long axis 2.5m, guiding distance (distance at two guiding slot tips) is infused with pressure break hole The relationship of water pressure are as follows:
L=1.31852+0.23403x-0.00166x2
In summary it in relationship, obtains in pressure break hole water injection pressure 15MPa, pilot hole water injection pressure is 8.5MPa, slot Long axis is 2.5m, and short axle is relatively reasonable when being 0.05m, and the slot that azimuth (with maximum principal stress angle) is 30 ° at this time is farthest Guiding distance (distance at two guiding slot tips) is up to 29m, and the slot that azimuth (with maximum principal stress angle) is 90 ° is most Long-range guided missile up to 6m, can reduce and exist to gamut pressure break around pressure break hole to distance (distance at two guiding slot tips) A possibility that pressure break blank tape.
Final design pilot hole is 6, and azimuth (with maximum principal stress angle) is that 30 ° of pilot hole is 4, distance pressure Ceasma 25m;Azimuth is that 90 ° of pilot hole is 2, is 15m apart from pressure break hole.The slot of each pressure break hole or pilot hole is 6 A, slot azimuth is 30 ° and 90 °, and slot long axis is 2.5m, short axle 0.05m.As shown in Figure 3.
B. according to design scheme construction pressure break hole and pilot hole, hydraulic slotted liner technique is carried out after the completion of construction to it, slot 10 is Rectangle, axially disposed, slot height is generally coal seam thickness, and (for display slot shape, cutting coal seam completely is not thick in legend Degree);
C. sealing of hole is carried out to pressure break hole and pilot hole after the completion of whole slots, sealing of hole mode is all according to the standard in pressure break hole Carry out sealing of hole, sealing of hole to seat earth 12, curing time 48h;
D. each pilot hole and fracturing pump A16 are connected, pilot hole aperture is equipped with pressure gauge 18, between pilot hole and fracturing pump Equipped with shut-off valve 17;
E. connection pressure break hole and fracturing pump B2, pressure break hole aperture is equipped with pressure gauge 18, is equipped between pressure break hole and fracturing pump Shut-off valve 17 and flowmeter;
F. after confirmation piping connection is errorless, starts fracturing pump A16 to 8.5MPa and keep constant;
G. start fracturing pump B2 after subject-oriented pore pressure force is stablized, slowly increase and be pumped straight 15MPa, then keep Pump pressure of fracturing Power is stablized;
H. the pressure of each pilot hole is observed in fracturing process at any time, if pilot hole pressure rise, shows that pressure break is extremely The pilot hole closes the shut-off valve 17 between the pressure break hole and fracturing pump A16, to close pressure after each pilot hole all connection Split pump A16;
I. the shut-off valve 17 between pressure break hole and fracturing pump B2 is first closed, fracturing pump B2 is turned off, is started to being pressure break hole Pressure maintaining is carried out, the dwell time is generally 20 days.
The hydraulic slotted liner technique device 8 that Fig. 2 is used is mounted between drill bit 9 and first segment drilling rod 5, and jet nozzle direction is vertical Regulating valve is housed inside drilling rod 5, hydraulic slotted liner technique device 8, nozzle is closed when low pressure water, and nozzle is opened when high pressure water, and waterpower is cut Drilling rod used is high pressure sealing drilling rod when seam.
In this example, pressure break hole 6 and pilot hole 7 carry out sealing of hole according to the sealing of hole standard in pressure break hole, hole be provided with screen casing and Pressure break pipe.
In this example, pressure break hole and pilot hole aperture are equipped with threeway, and the order of connection is from top to bottom pressure break pipe-threeway-cut-off Valve-high-pressure rubber pipe connects pressure gauge 18 at normal direction.
This fracturing process fills the water pilot hole during pressure break, also and keeps constant hydraulic pressure, which is less than Split pressure and be greater than minimum horizontal principal stress.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of underground coal mine slot pressure maintaining is oriented to pressure break anti-reflection method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1, construction parameter, including guiding hole number n are determined1, pressure break hole and pilot hole slot quantity n2, slot long axis a, seam Slot short axle b, slot azimuth angle alpha, pressure break hole water injection pressure pw, pilot hole water injection pressure pd
(1) according to the far field crustal stress σ in coal seam1、σ3, the elastic modulus E of coal, tensile strength σt, initial cracking pressure p is calculatedf
(2) it is calculated by the following formula slot design parameter:
In above formula, σρMinimum principal stress before stress redistribution, σθMaximum principal stress before stress redistribution, A1、A2、A3、 B1、B2、B3For coefficient, pwFor pressure break hole water injection pressure;
And coefficient A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3Meet following equation:
In above formula, α is slot azimuth, and ρ is mapping guiding distance, and m=(a-b)/(a+b), a, b are the length in oval slot hole Axis and short axle;
As radial stress σρ> tangential stress σθWhen, crackle can persistently be extended according to the direction of design, meanwhile, above formula abbreviation are as follows: σ1·f(ρ)+σ3·g(ρ)+Pw·h(x)≥0
When meeting the condition, crackle can be oriented to, each parameter meaning is as follows in formula:
(3) according to above-mentioned relation, pressure break hole water injection pressure p is obtainedw, slot long axis a, short axle b, slot azimuth angle alpha and mapping be oriented to The relationship of distance ρ, i.e. pressure break hole water injection pressure pw, slot long axis a and mapping guiding distance ρ be positively correlated, short axle b, slot orientation Angle α and mapping guiding distance ρ are negatively correlated, and are arranged according to above-mentioned relation in maximum principal stress side less and be remotely locatable guiding Hole, is arranged the minimum principal stress side and closely arrangement pilot hole more, and guiding hole location should be finally determined according to job location parameter It sets and quantity, the α takes radian, range is 0~pi/2;Wherein, guiding hole number is identical as pressure break slit slot number, and is located at On the extended line of pressure break hole slot;Pilot hole slot is arranged according to pressure break hole slot arrangement, pressure break hole water injection pressure pwGreater than initial cracking pressure pf, pilot hole water injection pressure pdLess than initial cracking pressure pfAnd it is greater than minimum horizontal principal stress σ3
Step 2, the design according to step 1 to pressure break hole and pilot hole is oriented to from rock gangway to drilling in coal pressure break hole and pilot hole Hole position and quantity combination coal geology situation are designed, and are 2~8 and are 15~35m away from pressure break hole;
Step 3, according to the design in step 1 to slot azimuth angle alpha, slot long axis a, slot short axle b, to pressure break hole and pilot hole Hydraulic slotted liner technique is carried out, slot is rectangle, is axially arranged along pilot hole or pressure break hole, and azimuth angle alpha is close to minimum principal stress σ3Direction, Slot quantity is 2~8, and slot depth is 1~3m;
Step 4, sealing of hole, sealing of hole to seat earth, maintenance are carried out to pressure break hole and pilot hole;
Step 5, each pilot hole and fracturing pump A are connected, multiple pilot holes connect a fracturing pump, and pilot hole aperture is equipped with pressure Power table is equipped with shut-off valve between pilot hole and fracturing pump, can also connect multiple fracturing pumps as needed to generate different pressures by pilot hole The pilot hole of power;
Step 6, connection pressure break hole and fracturing pump B, pressure break hole aperture are equipped with pressure gauge, equipped with cut-off between pressure break hole and fracturing pump Valve and flowmeter;
Step 7, start fracturing pump A to design pressure pdAnd it keeps constant, the pressure pdLess than initial cracking pressure pfAnd it is greater than minimum water Flat principal stress σ3
Step 8, start fracturing pump B after subject-oriented pore pressure force is stablized, slowly increase pump pressure until coal seam crack initiation, then keeps pressure break Pump pressure is stablized;
Step 9, the pressure of each pilot hole is observed in fracturing process at any time, if pilot hole pressure rise, shows that pressure break is extremely The pilot hole closes the shut-off valve between the pilot hole and fracturing pump A, to close fracturing pump after each pilot hole all connection A;
Step 10, the shut-off valve between pressure break hole and fracturing pump B is first closed, fracturing pump B is turned off, is started to being that pressure break hole carries out Pressure maintaining.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: if ground stress deviation in 4MPa hereinafter, guiding hole number be 2~ 6;For ground stress deviation in 4MPa or more, being oriented to hole number is 4~8.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: hydraulic slotted liner technique device be mounted on drill bit and first segment drilling rod it Between, jet nozzle direction is equipped with regulating valve perpendicular to drilling rod inside hydraulic slotted liner technique device, nozzle is closed when low pressure water, high pressure water When nozzle open.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: when hydraulic slotted liner technique drilling rod used is high pressure sealing drilling rod.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the pressure break hole and pilot hole are according to the sealing of hole in pressure break hole Standard carries out sealing of hole, and hole is provided with screen casing and pressure break pipe.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the pressure break hole and pilot hole aperture are equipped with threeway, connection Sequence is from top to bottom pressure break pipe-threeway-shut-off valve-high-pressure rubber pipe, connects pressure gauge at normal direction.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: also being filled the water to pilot hole during pressure break and making water Pressure is kept constant, the pressure pdLess than initial cracking pressure pfAnd it is greater than minimum horizontal principal stress σ3
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