CN107152302B - A kind of complex geological structure coal seam cut the uniform permeability-increasing gas pumping method of pressure - Google Patents
A kind of complex geological structure coal seam cut the uniform permeability-increasing gas pumping method of pressure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复杂地质构造煤层割压均匀增透瓦斯抽采方法，它是在矿井地质构造图上找到煤层主要的地质构造，根据矿井地质构造图上标识的地质构造参数，确定地质构造范围；根据地质构造范围，在地质构造3控制的煤层内钻水力割缝钻孔2实施水力割缝瓦斯抽采；在地质构造3之间的煤层内钻水力压裂钻孔1实施水力压裂瓦斯抽采。本发明的技术效果是：充分利用了水力压裂影响范围大和水力割缝裂隙可控性强的优点，解除复杂地质构造对水力压裂在煤层增透中的限制，解决水力割缝煤层增透效率较低的难题，实现了复杂地质构造煤层的高效、均匀增透，提高了复杂地质构造煤层的瓦斯抽采效率。
The invention discloses a gas drainage method with uniform cut pressure and enhanced permeability of complex geological structure coal seams. It finds the main geological structure of the coal seam on the geological structure map of the mine, and determines the geological structure according to the geological structure parameters marked on the geological structure map of the mine Scope: According to the range of geological structure, drill hydraulic slotted drilling 2 in the coal seam controlled by geological structure 3 to implement hydraulic slotted gas drainage; drill hydraulic fracturing drilling 1 in the coal seam between geological structures 3 to implement hydraulic fracturing Gas extraction. The technical effects of the present invention are: making full use of the advantages of large hydraulic fracturing influence range and strong controllability of hydraulic slits and fissures, removing the restriction of complex geological structure on hydraulic fracturing in coal seam anti-permeability, and solving the problem of hydraulic fracturing for coal seam anti-permeability The problem of low efficiency has realized the efficient and uniform anti-permeability of coal seams with complex geological structures, and improved the gas drainage efficiency of coal seams with complex geological structures.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于一种煤层瓦斯抽采方法，具体涉及一种煤矿井下复杂地质构造条件下，高瓦斯低透气性煤层的瓦斯抽采。The invention belongs to a coal seam gas extraction method, and in particular relates to a gas extraction method in a coal seam with high gas and low permeability under complex geological structure conditions in a coal mine.
背景技术Background technique
我国开采的石炭-二叠系煤层成煤年代早，经历的构造运动期次多，作用剧烈，造成煤田地质构造极其复杂，构造煤普遍发育，导致我国煤矿瓦斯灾害事故频发。我国煤矿井下瓦斯治理的根本手段是以钻孔瓦斯抽采方式为主的瓦斯抽采措施。随着我国煤矿进入深部开采，煤层透气性低逐渐成为制约瓦斯高效抽采的主控因素。因此，强化增透成为改善瓦斯抽采效果，实现深部煤与瓦斯共采的关键技术。水力化措施是近年来实践证明的有效措施之一，它主要以水为媒介产生不同形式的载荷（例如水射流冲击的动静耦合载荷、脉动水压的循环载荷等）作用于煤体，一方面促进煤体原生裂隙不断扩展，另一方面能够产生新的裂隙，裂隙的贯通形成裂隙网络，裂隙网络构成瓦斯扩散运移的有利通道，从而达到强化瓦斯抽采的目的。The Carboniferous-Permian coal seams mined in my country were coal-formed early, experienced many periods of tectonic movement, and the action was severe, resulting in an extremely complex geological structure of the coalfield, and the general development of tectonic coal, leading to frequent occurrence of gas disasters in my country's coal mines. The fundamental means of underground gas control in my country's coal mines is gas drainage measures based on borehole gas drainage. As my country's coal mines enter deep mining, the low permeability of coal seams has gradually become the main controlling factor restricting the efficient extraction of gas. Therefore, enhanced anti-reflection has become a key technology to improve the effect of gas drainage and realize the co-mining of deep coal and gas. Hydraulic measures are one of the effective measures proved by practice in recent years. It mainly uses water as the medium to generate different forms of loads (such as dynamic and static coupling loads of water jet impact, cyclic loads of pulsating water pressure, etc.) to act on coal bodies. On the one hand, Promoting the continuous expansion of primary coal fractures, on the other hand, can generate new fractures, and the penetration of fractures forms a fracture network, which constitutes a favorable channel for gas diffusion and migration, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening gas drainage.
目前，水力化措施中现场应用效果显著且范围广泛的两项技术是水力压裂和水力割缝。水力压裂是一种增压措施，即通过不断向煤层注入一定压力的水来挤压煤层，产生裂隙网。水力割缝是一种卸压措施，即通过高压水冲击-破碎-排出煤体，形成卸压空间，产生裂隙网。一般地，水力压裂的影响范围远大于水力割缝，而水力割缝的裂隙可控性（即裂隙的起裂扩展方向的可控性）要远优于水力压裂。Currently, two hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic slotting techniques that are widely used in the field are hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic slotting. Hydraulic fracturing is a pressurization measure that squeezes the coal seam by continuously injecting water at a certain pressure into the coal seam to create a network of fractures. Hydraulic slotting is a pressure relief measure, that is, the coal body is impacted, crushed, and discharged by high-pressure water to form a pressure relief space and produce a fracture network. Generally, the influence range of hydraulic fracturing is much larger than that of hydraulic fracturing, and the controllability of hydraulic fracturing (that is, the controllability of the direction of crack initiation and expansion) of hydraulic fracturing is far better than that of hydraulic fracturing.
在复杂地质构造煤层中实施水力压裂措施时，往往出现大量水被压入构造结构面内的情况，造成不均匀增透和局部应力集中，严重影响水力压裂增透效果。When hydraulic fracturing measures are implemented in coal seams with complex geological structures, a large amount of water is often pressed into the structural plane, resulting in uneven permeability enhancement and local stress concentration, which seriously affects the hydraulic fracturing enhancement effect.
虽然水力割缝措施在复杂地质构造带仍能取得较为显著的增透效果，但是单孔割缝的有效影响范围在10m以内，较小的影响范围导致割缝钻孔施工量大，瓦斯抽采效率较低。Although hydraulic slotting measures can still achieve significant anti-permeability effects in complex geological structures, the effective range of impact of a single slot is within 10m, and the small impact range leads to a large amount of slotted drilling and gas drainage. less efficient.
本发明所用的术语：Terms used in this invention:
复杂地质构造煤层是指含断层、褶皱等地质构造多而变化显著的煤层；Coal seams with complex geological structures refer to coal seams with many geological structures such as faults and folds, which change significantly;
构造结构面是指岩体中受构造应力作用所产生的破裂面。Structural structural plane refers to the rupture plane produced by structural stress in rock mass.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对复杂地质构造煤层瓦斯抽采存在的问题，本发明所要解决的技术问题就是提供一种复杂地质构造煤层割压均匀增透瓦斯抽采方法，它能在复杂地质构造煤层中取得水力压裂均匀增透效果，又能提高水力割缝煤层增透效率。Aiming at the existing problems of gas drainage in coal seams with complex geological structures, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a gas drainage method with uniform cut pressure in coal seams with complex geological structures, which can achieve uniform hydraulic fracturing in coal seams with complex geological structures. The anti-permeability effect can also improve the anti-permeability efficiency of the hydraulic slotted coal seam.
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过这样的技术方案实现的，它包括以下步骤：The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is realized by such technical scheme, and it comprises the following steps:
步骤1、在矿井地质构造图上找到煤层主要的地质构造，根据矿井地质构造图上标识的地质构造参数，确定地质构造范围；Step 1. Find the main geological structure of the coal seam on the mine geological structure map, and determine the geological structure range according to the geological structure parameters marked on the mine geological structure map;
步骤2、在地质构造控制的煤层内间隔布置水力割缝钻孔孔位，在地质构造之间的煤层内间隔布置水力压裂钻孔孔位；Step 2, arranging hydraulic slot drilling holes at intervals in coal seams controlled by geological structures, and arranging hydraulic fracturing drilling holes at intervals in coal seams between geological structures;
步骤3、用钻机在水力割缝钻孔的孔位处钻进到预设位置，退钻，用高压水射流切割钻孔周围煤体，形成若干缝槽；Step 3. Use a drilling rig to drill to the preset position at the hole position of the hydraulic slotted hole, withdraw the drill, and use high-pressure water jets to cut the coal body around the hole to form several slots;
步骤4、将水力割缝钻孔封孔，进行瓦斯抽采；Step 4. Seal the hydraulic slotted drilling holes for gas drainage;
步骤5、用钻机在水力压裂钻孔的孔位处钻进到预设位置，退钻，封孔，用高压水泵向钻孔内注入高压水，当钻孔内水压突然下跌时，停止压裂；Step 5. Use a drilling rig to drill to the preset position at the hole position of the hydraulic fracturing hole, withdraw the drill, seal the hole, and inject high-pressure water into the hole with a high-pressure water pump. When the water pressure in the hole drops suddenly, stop fracture;
步骤6、对水力压裂钻孔进行瓦斯抽采。Step 6. Gas drainage is performed on the hydraulic fracturing borehole.
本发明的技术效果是：Technical effect of the present invention is:
针对我国煤层地质构造复杂、透气性低的特点，有效地集成了水力割缝和水力压裂，充分利用了水力压裂影响范围大和水力割缝裂隙可控性强的优点，解除复杂地质构造对水力压裂在煤层增透中的限制，解决水力割缝煤层增透效率较低的难题，实现了复杂地质构造煤层的高效、均匀增透，提高了复杂地质构造煤层的瓦斯抽采效率，从而实现复杂地质构造煤层瓦斯灾害有效防治的目的。In view of the complex geological structure and low air permeability of coal seams in my country, hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic fracturing are effectively integrated, and the advantages of large influence range of hydraulic fracturing and strong controllability of hydraulic fracturing are fully utilized to relieve the impact of complex geological structures. The limitation of hydraulic fracturing in coal seam enhancement solves the problem of low efficiency of hydraulic slit coal seam enhancement, realizes efficient and uniform anti-permeability of coal seams with complex geological structures, and improves the gas drainage efficiency of coal seams with complex geological structures, thus To achieve the purpose of effective prevention and control of coal seam gas disasters in complex geological structures.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的附图说明如下：The accompanying drawings of the present invention are as follows:
图1为应用本发明的复杂地质构造煤层水力割缝钻孔和水力压裂钻孔布置示意图；Fig. 1 is application complex geological structure coal seam hydraulic slotting drilling and hydraulic fracturing drilling layout schematic diagram of the present invention;
图中：1. 水力压裂钻孔；2. 水力割缝钻孔；3. 地质构造。In the figure: 1. hydraulic fracturing drilling; 2. hydraulic slotting drilling; 3. geological structure.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:
本发明包括以下步骤：The present invention comprises the following steps:
步骤1、在矿井地质构造图上找到煤层主要的地质构造，根据矿井地质构造图上标识的地质构造参数，确定地质构造范围；Step 1. Find the main geological structure of the coal seam on the mine geological structure map, and determine the geological structure range according to the geological structure parameters marked on the mine geological structure map;
一般矿井地质构造图上都标明了主要的地质构造及其主要参数的，只需要确定实施水力化措施的煤层，然后就能确定煤层中存在的主要地质构造。Generally, if the main geological structure and its main parameters are marked on the geological structure map of the mine, it is only necessary to determine the coal seam where hydraulic measures are implemented, and then the main geological structure existing in the coal seam can be determined.
步骤2、在地质构造控制的煤层内间隔布置水力割缝钻孔孔位，在地质构造之间的煤层内间隔布置水力压裂钻孔孔位；Step 2, arranging hydraulic slot drilling holes at intervals in coal seams controlled by geological structures, and arranging hydraulic fracturing drilling holes at intervals in coal seams between geological structures;
步骤3、用钻机在水力割缝钻孔的孔位处钻进到预设位置，退钻，用高压水射流切割钻孔周围煤体，形成若干缝槽；Step 3. Use a drilling rig to drill to the preset position at the hole position of the hydraulic slotted hole, withdraw the drill, and use high-pressure water jets to cut the coal body around the hole to form several slots;
步骤4、将水力割缝钻孔封孔，进行瓦斯抽采；Step 4. Seal the hydraulic slotted drilling holes for gas drainage;
步骤5、用钻机在水力压裂钻孔的孔位处钻进到预设位置，退钻，封孔，用高压水泵向钻孔内注入高压水，当钻孔内水压突然下跌时，停止压裂；Step 5. Use a drilling rig to drill to the preset position at the hole position of the hydraulic fracturing hole, withdraw the drill, seal the hole, and inject high-pressure water into the hole with a high-pressure water pump. When the water pressure in the hole drops suddenly, stop fracture;
步骤6、对水力压裂钻孔进行瓦斯抽采。Step 6. Gas drainage is performed on the hydraulic fracturing borehole.
如图1所示，在地质构造3控制的煤层内钻水力割缝钻孔2实施水力割缝瓦斯抽采；在地质构造3之间的煤层内钻水力压裂钻孔1实施水力压裂瓦斯抽采。As shown in Figure 1, hydraulic slotted boreholes 2 are drilled in coal seams controlled by geological structures 3 to implement hydraulic slotted gas drainage; hydraulic fracturing boreholes 1 are drilled in coal seams between geological structures 3 to implement hydraulic fracturing gas sampling.
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