CN107574613A - A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine - Google Patents
A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107574613A CN107574613A CN201711076651.9A CN201711076651A CN107574613A CN 107574613 A CN107574613 A CN 107574613A CN 201711076651 A CN201711076651 A CN 201711076651A CN 107574613 A CN107574613 A CN 107574613A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cloth
- roller arrangement
- cabinet
- conveyer belt
- fixation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine,Including frame,Cabinet,Conveyer belt apparatus,Selvage guide plate,Cloth feeding unfolds roller arrangement,Active cloth-feeding device,Cloth outputting unfolds roller arrangement,Cloth sends out roller arrangement,Put cloth holder and put cloth holder swing driving mechanism,Cloth is sent to cloth feeding from the bottom of cabinet via active cloth-feeding device and unfolded on roller arrangement,It is discharged into again via the guiding of selvage guide plate on conveyer belt apparatus,Jet chimney is connected with the top of cabinet,Jet chimney is sent into steam and carries out fixation treatment to the cloth on conveyer belt apparatus,Conveyer belt apparatus unfolds the cloth conveying after fixation on roller arrangement to cloth outputting,Send out to be sent to cloth and send out and sent out on roller arrangement in the bottom that cloth after fixation unfolds roller arrangement slave case via cloth outputting,Fixation treatment is carried out to the cloth after dyeing by steam,With environmental protection,Labour's dependence is low,Colour fixation is good and the characteristics of efficiency high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of textile printing, and in particular to a kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine.
Background technology
At present textile printing and dyeing industry be by washing process come allow dyeing after fabric color more firmly, do not fade,
And washing process can not only produce substantial amounts of pernicious gas, harmful waste water, and need substantial amounts of labour, cloth finished product fixation
Effect is not good enough yet.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of environmental protection, labour's dependence is low, colour fixation is good and
The printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine of efficiency high.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine, including frame, cabinet, conveyer belt apparatus, selvage guide plate, cloth feeding unfold roller arrangement, master
Dynamic cloth-feeding device, cloth outputting unfold roller arrangement, cloth sends out roller arrangement, put cloth holder and put cloth holder swing driving mechanism, cabinet sealing
Installed in the top of frame, length direction of the conveyer belt apparatus along frame, which is set, to be fixed in frame in cabinet, is led
Fabric swatch is arranged in cabinet above the cloth intlet of conveyer belt apparatus, the lower end of selvage guide plate towards conveyer belt apparatus direction obliquely
Set, cloth feeding unfolds roller arrangement and is mounted on the top for being located at selvage guide plate in cabinet, and active cloth-feeding device is mounted on machine
The outside of case is located at the front end of cabinet, and cloth is sent to cloth feeding from the bottom of cabinet via active cloth-feeding device and unfolds roller arrangement
On, then be discharged on conveyer belt apparatus via the guiding of selvage guide plate, jet chimney is connected with the top of cabinet, jet chimney is sent into
Steam carries out fixation treatment to the cloth on conveyer belt apparatus, and conveyer belt apparatus is by the cloth conveying after fixation to cloth outputting spreader roll
On device, cloth outputting is unfolded roller arrangement and is mounted in cabinet above the cloth outlet of conveyer belt apparatus, cloth outlet roller dress
Put and be mounted on the outside of cabinet and be located at the rear end of cabinet, the cloth after fixation unfolds the bottom of roller arrangement slave case via cloth outputting
Portion, which is sent out, to be sent on cloth submitting roller arrangement, is put cloth holder and is mounted on the end of cloth submitting roller arrangement and by putting cloth holder
Swing driving mechanism driving is swung, and is put cloth holder swing driving mechanism and is fixed in the roll stand of cloth submitting roller arrangement.
Further, the length direction distributing installation of cabinet is provided with observation window on the wall box of the cabinet.
Further, it is described put cloth holder swing driving mechanism include motor, the first sprocket wheel, the second sprocket wheel, the 3rd sprocket wheel, turn
Disk and connecting rod, motor are fixed on cloth and sent out in the roll stand of roller arrangement, and the first sprocket wheel is defeated by driving chain and motor
Go out end drive connection, be arranged on cloth sends out in the roll stand of roller arrangement the second sprocket wheel and the first sprocket coaxiality, the 3rd sprocket wheel peace
Send out positioned at the lower section of the second sprocket wheel in the roll stand of roller arrangement mounted in cloth and connected by driving chain and the second chain gear transmission,
Rotating disk and the 3rd sprocket coaxiality are connected and are located at cloth and send out on the outside of the roll stand of roller arrangement, and one end of connecting rod is prejudicially fixedly connected
In the card of rotating disk, the other end of connecting rod, which is fixedly connected, puts cloth holder, and the upper end for putting cloth holder is pivotally mounted in cloth by rotating shaft
In the roll stand for sending out roller arrangement.
The present invention has the advantages that：
A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine of the present invention, its cloth are sent to cloth feeding via active cloth-feeding device from the bottom of cabinet
Unfold on roller arrangement, then be discharged into via the guiding of selvage guide plate on conveyer belt apparatus, jet chimney is connected with the top of cabinet, steam
Steam pipe road is sent into steam and carries out fixation treatment to the cloth on conveyer belt apparatus, and conveyer belt apparatus arrives the cloth conveying after fixation
Cloth outputting is unfolded on roller arrangement, and the bottom submitting that the cloth after fixation unfolds roller arrangement slave case via cloth outputting is sent to cloth submitting
Sent out on roller arrangement, fixation treatment is carried out to the cloth after dyeing by steam, have environmental protection, labour's dependence low, solid
Color effect is good and the characteristics of efficiency high, solve at present by existing for washing process fixation not environmentally, labor cost is high, cloth
Expect the problem of colour fixation is not good enough low with fixation efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine of the present invention；
For a kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine of the present invention, it puts the structural representation of cloth holder swing driving mechanism to Fig. 2.
In figure：1st, frame；2nd, cabinet；3rd, conveyer belt apparatus；4th, selvage guide plate；5th, cloth feeding unfolds roller arrangement；6th, active work feed
Device；7th, cloth outputting unfolds roller arrangement；8th, cloth sends out roller arrangement；9th, cloth holder is put；10th, cloth holder swing driving mechanism is put；21st, steam
Pipeline；22nd, observation window；100th, cloth；101st, motor；102nd, the first sprocket wheel；103rd, the second sprocket wheel；104th, the 3rd sprocket wheel；105、
Rotating disk；106th, connecting rod.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, in order to be more clearly understood that this
The claimed technological thought of invention.
A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, including frame 1, cabinet 2, conveyer belt apparatus 3, lead
Fabric swatch 4, cloth feeding unfold roller arrangement 5, active cloth-feeding device 6, cloth outputting and unfold roller arrangement 7, cloth submitting roller arrangement 8, put the and of cloth holder 9
Cloth holder swing driving mechanism 10 is put, cabinet 2 is sealingly mounted at the top of frame 1, length direction of the conveyer belt apparatus 3 along frame 1
Setting is fixed in frame 1 in cabinet 2, and selvage guide plate 4 is arranged on the cloth intlet for being located at conveyer belt apparatus 3 in cabinet 2
Top, the lower end of selvage guide plate 4 are set obliquely towards the direction of conveyer belt apparatus 3, and cloth feeding unfolds roller arrangement 5 and is mounted on cabinet 2
It is interior positioned at the top of selvage guide plate 4, the outside that active cloth-feeding device 6 is mounted on cabinet 2 is located at the front end of cabinet 2, cloth 100
Cloth feeding is sent to via active cloth-feeding device 6 from the bottom of cabinet 2 to unfold on roller arrangement 5, then the guiding discharge via selvage guide plate 4
Onto conveyer belt apparatus 3, the top of cabinet 2 is connected with jet chimney 21, and jet chimney 21 is sent into steam on conveyer belt apparatus 3
Cloth 100 carry out fixation treatment, the cloth 100 after fixation is sent to cloth outputting and unfolded on roller arrangement 7, gone out by conveyer belt apparatus 3
Cloth is unfolded roller arrangement 7 and is mounted in cabinet 2 above the cloth outlet of conveyer belt apparatus 3, and cloth is sent out roller arrangement 8 and installed
The outside for being arranged on cabinet 2 is located at the rear end of cabinet 2, and the cloth 100 after fixation unfolds roller arrangement 7 from cabinet 2 via cloth outputting
Bottom send out is sent to cloth send out roller arrangement 8 on, put cloth holder 9 be mounted on cloth send out roller arrangement 8 end on and by
Put the driving of cloth holder swing driving mechanism 10 to swing, put cloth holder swing driving mechanism 10 and be fixed on cloth submitting roller arrangement 8
In roll stand.
, can be with specifically, be provided with observation window 22 along the length direction distributing installation of cabinet 2 on the wall box of cabinet 2
Situation in convenient observation cabinet 2.
As shown in Fig. 2 putting cloth holder swing driving mechanism 10 includes motor 101, the first sprocket wheel 102, the second sprocket wheel 103, the
Three sprocket wheels 104, rotating disk 105 and connecting rod 106, motor 101 are fixed on cloth and sent out in the roll stand of roller arrangement 8, the first sprocket wheel
102 are connected by the output end of driving chain and motor 101, and the second sprocket wheel 103 and the first sprocket wheel 102 are co-axially mounted on
Cloth is sent out in the roll stand of roller arrangement 8, and the 3rd sprocket wheel 104 is arranged on cloth and sent out is located at the second sprocket wheel in the roll stand of roller arrangement 8
103 lower section is simultaneously connected by driving chain and the second sprocket wheel 103,105 and the 3rd sprocket wheel of rotating disk, 104 coaxially connected and position
On the outside of the roll stand that cloth sends out roller arrangement 8, one end of connecting rod 106 is prejudicially fixedly connected in the card of rotating disk 105, connecting rod
106 other end, which is fixedly connected, puts cloth holder 9, and the upper end for putting cloth holder 9 is pivotally mounted the roller that roller arrangement 8 is sent out in cloth by rotating shaft
On frame, the cloth 100 sent out after fixation can fitly be stacked by putting the swing of cloth holder 9.
Its cloth 100 of the invention is sent to cloth feeding from the bottom of cabinet 2 via active cloth-feeding device 6 and unfolded on roller arrangement 5,
It is discharged into again via the guiding of selvage guide plate 4 on conveyer belt apparatus 3, the top of cabinet 2 is connected with jet chimney 21, jet chimney 21
It is sent into steam and fixation treatment is carried out to the cloth 100 on conveyer belt apparatus 3, conveyer belt apparatus 3 transmits the cloth 100 after fixation
Unfold to cloth outputting on roller arrangement 7, the cloth 100 after fixation, which via cloth outputting is unfolded roller arrangement 7 and sent out from the bottom of cabinet 2, to be sent to
Cloth is sent out and sent out on roller arrangement 8, carries out fixation treatment to the cloth 100 after dyeing by steam, has environmental protection, labour
Dependence is low, colour fixation is good and the characteristics of efficiency high, solve at present by existing for washing process fixation not environmentally, work
Power cost is high, cloth colour fixation is not good enough it is low with fixation efficiency the problem of.
For those skilled in the art, technical scheme that can be as described above and design, make other each
Kind is corresponding to be changed and deforms, and all these change and deformed the protection model that should all belong to the claims in the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine, it is characterised in that：Including frame（1）, cabinet（2）, conveyer belt apparatus（3）, lead Fabric swatch（4）, cloth feeding unfold roller arrangement（5）, active cloth-feeding device（6）, cloth outputting unfold roller arrangement（7）, cloth send out roller arrangement （8）, put cloth holder（9）With put cloth holder swing driving mechanism（10）, cabinet（2）It is sealingly mounted at frame（1）Top, conveyer belt dress Put（3）Along frame（1）Length direction set be fixed on frame（1）It is upper to be located at cabinet（2）It is interior, selvage guide plate（4）It is arranged on Cabinet（2）It is interior to be located at conveyer belt apparatus（3）Cloth intlet above, selvage guide plate（4）Lower end towards conveyer belt apparatus（3）Direction is oblique Lower setting, cloth feeding unfold roller arrangement（5）It is mounted on cabinet（2）It is interior to be located at selvage guide plate（4）Top, active cloth-feeding device （6）It is mounted on cabinet（2）Outside be located at cabinet（2）Front end, cloth（100）Via active cloth-feeding device（6）Slave Case（2）Bottom be sent to cloth feeding and unfold roller arrangement（5）On, then via selvage guide plate（4）Guiding be discharged into conveyer belt apparatus（3） On, cabinet（2）Top be connected with jet chimney（21）, jet chimney（21）Steam is sent into conveyer belt apparatus（3）On cloth Material（100）Carry out fixation treatment, conveyer belt apparatus（3）By the cloth after fixation（100）It is sent to cloth outputting and unfolds roller arrangement（7） On, cloth outputting unfolds roller arrangement（7）It is mounted on cabinet（2）It is interior to be located at conveyer belt apparatus（3）Cloth outlet above, cloth send out Roller arrangement（8）It is mounted on cabinet（2）Outside be located at cabinet（2）Rear end, the cloth after fixation（100）Relaxed via cloth outputting Open up roller arrangement（7）From cabinet（2）Bottom send out be sent to cloth send out roller arrangement（8）On, put cloth holder（9）It is mounted on cloth Material sends out roller arrangement（8）End on and by putting cloth holder swing driving mechanism（10）Driving is swung, and puts cloth holder swing driving mechanism （10）It is fixed on cloth and sends out roller arrangement（8）Roll stand on.
- A kind of 2. printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cabinet（2）Case-side Along cabinet on wall（2）Length direction distributing installation be provided with observation window（22）.
- A kind of 3. printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to put cloth holder wobble drive machine Structure（10）Including motor（101）, the first sprocket wheel（102）, the second sprocket wheel（103）, the 3rd sprocket wheel（104）, rotating disk（105）And connecting rod （106）, motor（101）It is fixed on cloth and sends out roller arrangement（8）Roll stand on, the first sprocket wheel（102）Pass through driving chain And motor（101）Output end drive connection, the second sprocket wheel（103）With the first sprocket wheel（102）It is co-axially mounted on cloth submitting Roller arrangement（8）Roll stand on, the 3rd sprocket wheel（104）Roller arrangement is sent out installed in cloth（8）Roll stand on be located at the second sprocket wheel （103）Lower section and pass through driving chain and the second sprocket wheel（103）Drive connection, rotating disk（105）With the 3rd sprocket wheel（104）Coaxially Connect and be located at cloth and send out roller arrangement（8）Roll stand on the outside of, connecting rod（106）One end be prejudicially fixedly connected on rotating disk （105）Card on, connecting rod（106）The other end be fixedly connected and put cloth holder（9）, put cloth holder（9）Upper end be pivotally connected by rotating shaft Roller arrangement is sent out installed in cloth（8）Roll stand on.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711076651.9A CN107574613A (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2017-11-06 | A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711076651.9A CN107574613A (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2017-11-06 | A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107574613A true CN107574613A (en) | 2018-01-12 |
Family
ID=61040625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711076651.9A Pending CN107574613A (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2017-11-06 | A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107574613A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116043453A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-05-02 | 江苏晟宏生态纺织科技有限公司 | Water-saving steam fixation machine for dyeing textile fabric |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2268712Y (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-11-26 | 上海浦东北蔡纺织印染公司 | Interval color dyeing machine |
| CN2586968Y (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-11-19 | 萧清山 | Modularized cloth examination and batching machine |
| CN201634268U (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2010-11-17 | 广州市贵鹏热能设备制造有限公司 | Automatic folding and receiving device |
| CN102392340A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2012-03-28 | 杭州印象数码科技有限公司 | Cloth-load mechanism used for reticular conduction band rapid steamer |
| CN103789951A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 江阴福达染整联合机械有限公司 | Open-width cotton-knitted cloth refining and bleaching combination machine |
| CN104711800A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-17 | 江苏赛格纺织机械有限公司 | Intelligent and efficient steam box |
| CN205368748U (en) * | 2016-01-31 | 2016-07-06 | 丽水云中马布业有限公司 | Closed steam fixation cloth dyeing device |
| CN106120216A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-16 | 绍兴永通印花有限公司 | A kind of efficient energy-saving desizing and device thereof |
| CN206127651U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-04-26 | 绍兴永通印花有限公司 | Energy -conserving high -efficient destarch device |
| CN207567488U (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-07-03 | 佛山市南海泰源印染有限公司 | A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine |
-
2017
- 2017-11-06 CN CN201711076651.9A patent/CN107574613A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2268712Y (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-11-26 | 上海浦东北蔡纺织印染公司 | Interval color dyeing machine |
| CN2586968Y (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-11-19 | 萧清山 | Modularized cloth examination and batching machine |
| CN201634268U (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2010-11-17 | 广州市贵鹏热能设备制造有限公司 | Automatic folding and receiving device |
| CN102392340A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2012-03-28 | 杭州印象数码科技有限公司 | Cloth-load mechanism used for reticular conduction band rapid steamer |
| CN103789951A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 江阴福达染整联合机械有限公司 | Open-width cotton-knitted cloth refining and bleaching combination machine |
| CN104711800A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-17 | 江苏赛格纺织机械有限公司 | Intelligent and efficient steam box |
| CN205368748U (en) * | 2016-01-31 | 2016-07-06 | 丽水云中马布业有限公司 | Closed steam fixation cloth dyeing device |
| CN106120216A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-16 | 绍兴永通印花有限公司 | A kind of efficient energy-saving desizing and device thereof |
| CN206127651U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-04-26 | 绍兴永通印花有限公司 | Energy -conserving high -efficient destarch device |
| CN207567488U (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-07-03 | 佛山市南海泰源印染有限公司 | A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116043453A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-05-02 | 江苏晟宏生态纺织科技有限公司 | Water-saving steam fixation machine for dyeing textile fabric |
| CN116043453B (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏晟宏生态纺织科技有限公司 | Water-saving steam fixation machine for dyeing textile fabric |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103009768B (en) | Hot rolling and cutting integrated machine | |
| CN207567488U (en) | A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine | |
| CN203740629U (en) | Bucket-wheel grain feeding spiral bagging device | |
| CN206067155U (en) | A kind of carton press for Packaging Box | |
| CN107574613A (en) | A kind of printing and dyeing fabrics fixation steaming machine | |
| CN209205727U (en) | A kind of agricultural with cereal electrically dries dust-extraction unit | |
| CN105821616B (en) | One kind weaving drying ironing apparatus | |
| CN206070157U (en) | It is a kind of to control machine with drying function | |
| CN107354631A (en) | A kind of textile machine equipment for being easy to printing and dyeing | |
| CN206925042U (en) | A kind of efficiently sheet cleaning machine | |
| CN104213366B (en) | A kind of washing unit using the narrow body outer cylinder structure of floating and washing unit | |
| CN207692309U (en) | A kind of wine-growing fertile machine of hoeing up weeds back | |
| CN207535464U (en) | A kind of environment-friendly type reactive printing device of fabric | |
| CN206244385U (en) | Liquid-filling machine | |
| CN204589598U (en) | A kind of scutcher with dehydrating function | |
| CN205952750U (en) | Clear stifled machine transplanting of rice rod formula regulating gate | |
| CN210561154U (en) | Printing and dyeing equipment with ironing function | |
| CN211031614U (en) | Textile cloth printing device | |
| CN207103272U (en) | Possesses the cleaning case for fixed point pause hydro-peening of advancing | |
| CN107962863A (en) | A kind of plastic products printing equipment | |
| CN2813671Y (en) | Special steaming box for cylinder knitted fabric bleaching treatment | |
| CN109554869A (en) | A kind of quick color-fixing device of cloth | |
| CN203682582U (en) | Automatic discharging device of universal joint sleeves | |
| CN218404845U (en) | Purified cotton dewatering and drying integrated machine | |
| CN204642324U (en) | Full automaticity Cover roller |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180112 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |