CN107546296B - Hydrogen passivation treatment method and treatment device for solar cell - Google Patents
Hydrogen passivation treatment method and treatment device for solar cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen passivation treatment method of a solar cell, which comprises the steps of setting the illumination intensity of a light source, using the light source to suspend and irradiate the solar cell, heating the solar cell by the radiant heat generated by the light source, using a refrigerating medium to refrigerate the solar cell and keeping the solar cell at a constant temperature; wherein, the irradiation, the heating and the cooling of the solar cell are simultaneously performed, thereby improving the adequacy of the solar cell in the hydrogen passivation process. Therefore, the invention also provides a hydrogen passivation treatment device for realizing the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing process of a solar cell, in particular to passivation treatment of a hydrogen source in the solar cell, and more particularly relates to a hydrogen passivation treatment method and a hydrogen passivation treatment device for the solar cell.
Background
The solar cell is composed of a semiconductor chip containing silicon lattices, and the silicon lattices with poor crystallization quality or poor purity are inevitably generated in the production process of the semiconductor chip, which is a main reason that the light decay phenomenon is generated in the use process of the solar cell to further influence the cell efficiency and the service life.
In order to prevent the solar cell from generating light decay, in the production process of the solar cell, manufacturers have utilized a light source to irradiate and heat the solar cell so as to passivate a hydrogen source contained in the solar cell. The passivation treatment of the hydrogen source is to irradiate the thermal solar cell with the illumination intensity provided by the light source, and to assist in heating the solar cell with the heat energy (e.g. radiation) generated in the illumination process, so as to combine hydrogen atoms into silicon lattices of the solar cell under the environment of providing sufficient illumination intensity and heat source, and to fill the silicon lattices with poor crystallization quality or purity, thereby preventing the solar cell from light decay in the use process.
For passivation of hydrogen source, CN 104701419 a and CN 101405875 a patents broadly disclose passivation treatment technology of hydrogen source for sequentially preheating solar cells in advance, heating the solar cells with light simultaneously, and cooling the solar cells after heating. However, in order to obtain sufficient illumination intensity for passivating the hydrogen source, the high or low heating temperature that can be withstood during the illumination process of the solar cell is an important technology for determining whether the yield of the passivation process of the hydrogen source meets the expectation.
The above patent discloses the use of a light source, and does not provide a specific technique for maintaining the light intensity or controlling the heat radiation temperature, so that the hydrogen atoms in the solar cell are uniformly received and filled in the silicon lattice due to insufficient light, or the solar cell is forced to bear too high temperature to obtain strong light intensity for passivation, which is suitable for the contrary.
In order to prevent the solar cell from obtaining a strong illumination intensity beneficial to passivation during the passivation process and avoid affecting the hydrogen passivation effect due to an excessively high thermal radiation temperature, the above patent discloses cooling the solar cell rapidly after illuminating and heating the solar cell. However, this post-cooling method is similar to the tempering treatment of metal materials, and when the solar cell is heated by light and its heat radiation, sufficient light can be obtained, but the hydrogen passivation effect is affected by the over-high temperature, and the hydrogen passivation effect cannot be fully recovered in the subsequent cooling process, so that the effect of reducing the light decay after the hydrogen passivation treatment of the solar cell is still not good, and thus needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to solve the problem that it is difficult to improve the illumination intensity and the heating temperature applied by the light source of the solar cell during the passivation process of the hydrogen source (hydrogen passivation), especially during the manufacturing process of sequentially preheating the solar cell, simultaneously heating the solar cell by illumination, and cooling the solar cell after heating.
In order to solve the problem, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen passivation method for a solar cell, including: s1: setting the illumination intensity of a light source and using the light source to suspend in the air to irradiate the solar cell; s2: the radiant heat generated by the light source heats the solar cell, S2: using a refrigerating medium to refrigerate the solar cell to maintain a constant temperature; wherein, the solar cells of S1, S2 and S3 are performed simultaneously.
In a further implementation, the method further comprises the following technical characteristics:
the light source is an LED lamp bank. The light source has an illumination intensity of at least 20 suns and generates radiant heat at a temperature greater than 250 ℃. The constant temperature was 250 ℃.
The refrigerating medium is a gas at normal temperature or below. And the gas lower than the normal temperature forms a cold room between the light source and the solar cell, and then contacts the solar cell to perform heat exchange.
Or, the gas below the normal temperature is formed at the bottom of the solar cell, so as to contact the solar cell for heat exchange.
In order to implement the above method, another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen passivation apparatus for solar cells, including: the illumination area is provided with a plurality of light sources which can provide illumination intensity to generate radiant heat; a refrigerating region arranged at one opposite end of the illumination region and provided with a refrigerating medium; a heat exchange area, which is arranged between the illumination area and the refrigeration area, and the radiant heat and the refrigeration medium generated by the illumination intensity are simultaneously collected in the heat exchange area for heat exchange; and the conveying line penetrates through the heat exchange area, carries the solar cell to pass through the heat exchange area, and the solar cell simultaneously receives suspended irradiation of illumination intensity, heating of radiant heat and contact of a refrigerating medium to reach a constant temperature.
In a further implementation, the device further comprises the following technical characteristics:
the light source is an LED lamp bank. The light source has an illumination intensity of at least 20 suns and generates radiant heat at a temperature greater than 250 ℃. The constant temperature was 250 ℃.
The refrigerating medium is a gas at normal temperature or below.
The light source of the illumination area is suspended at the top of the conveying line, the refrigerating area is a refrigerator filled with low-temperature gas, and the refrigerator is arranged at the bottom of the conveying line.
The heat exchange zone may alternatively be disposed at the bottom of the refrigeration zone or formed within the refrigeration zone.
The refrigerating area is a refrigerator filled with low-temperature gas.
When the heat exchange area is arranged between the illumination area and the refrigerating area, the light source of the illumination area is arranged at the top of the conveying line in a suspended mode, and the refrigerator is arranged at the bottom of the conveying line.
When the heat exchange area is formed inside the refrigerating area, the light source of the illumination area is suspended at the top of the conveying line, the refrigerating area is a cold room filled with low-temperature gas, the top of the cold room is constructed by light-transmitting glass, the illumination intensity and the heat radiation penetrate through the glass at the top of the cold room to irradiate and heat the solar cell, and the conveying line carries the solar cell to penetrate through the heat exchange area in the cold room.
The invention also provides another hydrogen passivation treatment device for the solar cell, which comprises:
the illumination area is provided with a plurality of light sources which can provide illumination intensity to generate radiant heat;
a refrigerating region arranged at one opposite end of the illumination region and provided with a refrigerating medium;
the heat exchange area is formed in the refrigerating area, the illumination intensity penetrates through the refrigerating area and irradiates the heat exchange area, and the radiant heat and the refrigerating medium generated by the illumination intensity are simultaneously gathered in the heat exchange area for heat exchange; and
the solar cell slice is simultaneously subjected to suspended irradiation of illumination intensity, heating of radiant heat and contact of a refrigerating medium to reach a constant temperature.
In a further implementation, the device further comprises the following technical characteristics:
the light source is an LED lamp bank. The light source has an illumination intensity of at least 20 suns and generates radiant heat at a temperature greater than 250 ℃. The constant temperature was 250 ℃.
The refrigerating medium is a gas at normal temperature or below.
The light source of the illumination area is arranged at the top of the conveying line in a hanging mode, the refrigerating area is a refrigerating room filled with low-temperature gas, the upper end face of the refrigerating room is surrounded by a light-transmitting glass frame, and the illumination intensity and the radiant heat penetrate through the light-transmitting glass to enter the refrigerating room, so that heat exchange is carried out on the solar cell together with the refrigerating medium.
According to the above, the invention can make the solar cell receive sufficient illumination in the hydrogen passivation process, and the heated temperature generated in the process of receiving the illumination by the solar cell can be maintained at a constant temperature for avoiding damage to the solar cell; therefore, the probability of light decay of the solar cell after hydrogen passivation treatment can be reduced in the using process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a hydrogen passivation process provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a hydrogen passivation treatment apparatus provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a hydrogen passivation treatment device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 10-a solar cell sheet; 20-an illumination area; 21-LED lamp group; 22-radiant heat; 30-a refrigerating zone; 31-a refrigeration medium; 33-upper end face; 40-a conveying line; 50-heat exchange zone.
Detailed Description
First, as shown in fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of a hydrogen passivation method for solar cells according to the present invention is illustrated, in which a light source capable of generating light intensity and radiant heat is provided to irradiate (i.e. illuminate) and heat a solar cell 10 in suspension, and the light intensity of the light source must be preset to a certain value during irradiation, so as to provide stable illumination and radiant heat to passivate hydrogen atoms in the solar cell 10, so that the hydrogen atoms are uniformly exposed to light and filled into the silicon lattice.
Referring to the configuration shown in fig. 2, it is illustrated that the present invention can adopt an LED lamp set 21 composed of a plurality of LED lamps as the light source shown in fig. 1 to suspend illumination and heat the solar cell 10. According to the existing lighting technology of the LED lamp set, it is practical to make the LED lamp set emit at least 20 sunlight intensities (including 20 sunlight intensities and more than 20 sunlight intensities), and the illumination intensities can generate radiant heat to heat the solar cell 10. In the present embodiment, the LED lamp set 21 is set to provide 20 sunlight intensities (fixed values), and the solar cell 10 is irradiated at a proper suspension interval distance, while the solar cell 10 is cooled by using the cooling medium 31, and the sheet temperature of the solar cell 10 is measured and obtained by using a temperature sensing wire or a probe or other components to be about 250 ℃. Under these conditions, it is known that hydrogen atoms can be efficiently and uniformly received and filled in the silicon lattice of the solar cell 10, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing the solar cell from generating light decay.
Since the heat radiation generated by the LED lamp set 21 with a light intensity exceeding 20 suns relatively heats the solar cell 10 to a temperature of at least 300 ℃ during the process of heating the solar cell 10, the effect of hydrogen passivation in a high temperature environment of 300 ℃ or even higher is disadvantageous for the solar cell 10, and therefore, it is necessary to cool the solar cell 10 heated to a temperature of 300 ℃ or higher. Therefore, in this embodiment, the heating temperature of the solar cell sheet 10 must be controlled to be maintained at a constant temperature, and the measured sheet temperature of the solar cell sheet 10 is 250 ℃, which is the constant temperature defined in this embodiment. Therefore, the cooling medium 31 can cool the solar cell 10 during the passivation process, so that the solar cell 10 can be continuously maintained at a constant temperature of 250 ℃ during the irradiation and heating processes of the LED lamp set 21 with 20 solar intensities.
Furthermore, the illumination intensity provided by the light source of the present invention is not necessarily set to 20 solar intensities, and actually, the illumination intensity can be set to a specific value above 20 solar intensities, so as to generate a high temperature of heat radiation above 300 ℃, at this time, the higher the cooling flow rate of the cooling medium 31 or the lower the temperature (for example, the liquid nitrogen is in low temperature contact with the solar cell) is, so as to facilitate heat exchange, and also to enable the temperature of the solar cell 10 to be maintained at a constant temperature of 250 ℃.
The heating temperature of the solar cell 10 is related to the illumination intensity and the illumination time; in the present invention, when the sheet body temperature of the solar cell 10 is maintained to be a certain value (for example, the above-mentioned constant temperature of 250 ℃) by using the refrigeration means, the illumination intensity provided by the light source and the illumination time are in inverse proportion to each other; in other words, the stronger the illumination intensity is, the shorter the illumination time of the solar cell 10 can be effectively shortened; and the stronger the illumination intensity is, the more beneficial the passivation of the hydrogen source is. Although the higher the intensity of the light, the higher the temperature of the heat radiation generated, the present invention can maintain the solar cell 10 at a constant temperature (e.g., 250 ℃) required for hydrogen passivation by the above-mentioned cooling means.
In the above, the cooling medium 31 may be low-temperature gas such as cold air, cold air or nitrogen, and cools the solar cell 10 in a reciprocating circulation environment; moreover, the heat radiation generated by the LED lamp set 21 can penetrate the gas as the refrigerant 31 to illuminate the solar cell 10.
In the above, the illumination, heating and cooling of the solar cell 10 must be performed simultaneously, so that the solar cell 10 can be maintained at the constant temperature during the heating and cooling processes, and the yield of the hydrogen passivation process can be promoted under the effect of the constant temperature, thereby reducing the probability of light decay of the solar cell 10 during the use process.
In addition, it is understood from general knowledge that when the solar cell 10 is in the illumination, heating and cooling environment, it is practical to use a temperature sensing wire or probe to detect and control the constant temperature of the solar cell 10 at 250 ℃ in the environment. Further, when the temperature sensor detects that the heated temperature of the solar cell 10 is higher than the constant temperature, the cooling temperature supplied by the cooling medium 31 can be increased to act on the solar cell 10; on the contrary, when the temperature sensor detects that the heated temperature of the solar cell 10 is lower than the constant temperature, the cooling temperature supplied by the cooling medium 31 can be reduced, so that the maintenance of the constant temperature of the solar cell 10 at 250 ℃ is easily implemented and achieved. By implementing the method, the solar cell 10 can be sufficiently illuminated to facilitate hydrogen passivation, and the solar cell can be prevented from being damaged due to overhigh temperature caused by radiant heat heating in the illumination process.
In order to facilitate the implementation of the above method, as shown in fig. 2, a first embodiment of the hydrogen passivation processing apparatus according to the present invention includes: an illumination zone 20, a cooling zone 30, a heat exchange zone 50 and a delivery line 40. Wherein:
the illumination area 20 comprises a light source formed by a plurality of LED lamp sets 21 in series, each LED lamp set 21 can provide an illumination intensity (i.e. illumination intensity) of at least 20 solar light intensities, and the illumination intensity can generate radiant heat 22 to heat the solar cell 10; in other words, the light source of the illumination area 20 is suspended on the top of the conveying line 40.
The cooling zone 30 may be a refrigerator to supply cold air, or low-temperature gas such as nitrogen as a cooling medium 31 and cool the solar cell 10 by the cooling medium 31. The cooling region 30 may be disposed at an opposite end of the illumination region 20; in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the opposite end is located at the bottom end of the solar cell sheet 10 or the conveyor line 40.
The heat exchange area 50 is a space constructed by tunnel type chamber, and is configured between the illumination area 20 and the cooling area 30, the illumination intensity and the generated radiant heat 22 can penetrate to the heat exchange area 50, and the cooling medium 31 can be gathered in the heat exchange area for heat exchange.
The conveying line 40 may be constructed by a mesh belt, a roller or a movable clamping jaw, and has a straight conveying surface passing through the heat exchanging area 50, the conveying line 40 is used for carrying or clamping a plurality of solar cells 10 to pass through the heat exchanging area 50 one by one, so that the solar cells 10 receive the suspended radiation of the illumination intensity, the heating of the radiant heat 22 and the contact of the cooling medium 31 at the same time, thereby maintaining the constant temperature.
Wherein, the speed of the conveying line 40 for carrying the solar cell 10 through the heat exchange area 50 can be matched with the temperature of the radiant heat provided by the illumination area 20 to the heat exchange area 50; in other words, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the higher the heating temperature of the radiant heat, the faster the conveying line 40 carries the solar cell 10 through the heat exchange area 50, and the slower the conveying line carries the solar cell 10, so as to control the solar cell 10 to maintain the constant temperature.
Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the hydrogen passivation apparatus according to the present invention, which is different from the embodiment of fig. 2 in that: the heat exchange zone 5 is formed inside the cooling zone 30. In this embodiment, the refrigerator of the cooling area 30 is substantially a cooling chamber filled with low-temperature gas, the upper end surface 33 of the cooling chamber at least has to be surrounded by a transparent glass frame, and the heat exchanging area 50 is substantially formed by a chamber inside the cooling chamber, so that the light generated by the light illuminating area 20, i.e. the radiation heat thereof, can penetrate through the transparent glass of the upper end surface 33 of the cooling area 30 and enter the heat exchanging area 50, and the refrigerant 31 in the cooling area 30 can also be convected in the heat exchanging area 50 inside the cooling chamber, thereby simultaneously performing heat exchange on the solar cell 10 carried by the conveying line 40. By doing so, the solar cell 10 can be simultaneously exposed to the floating irradiation of the illumination intensity, the heating of the radiant heat 22 and the contact of the cooling medium 31, thereby maintaining the constant temperature.
In the above embodiment, the description of the relevant temperature is actually stated by the experiment of the applicant, but since the illumination intensity that can be generated by the LED lamp set increases with the technological progress (higher than 20 illumination intensity), and the heat radiation temperature that can be generated by the LED lamp set or other light sources is higher (higher than 400 ℃), the cooling is applied to the solar cell during the illumination and heating process, which is the technical point of the present invention, and the constant temperature (250 ℃) for the optimal hydrogen passivation treatment of the solar cell can also change with the technological progress of the silicon crystal material in the solar cell, so the present invention is not limited by the limitation of the relevant temperature; in contrast, the method according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention or the apparatus according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention should be used in the hydrogen passivation process.
In other words, the above examples only represent the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the invention is subject to the limitations defined in the claims.
Claims (15)
1. A hydrogen passivation treatment method for a solar cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: setting the illumination intensity of a light source and using the light source to suspend in the air to irradiate the solar cell;
s2: the radiant heat generated by the light source heats the solar cell;
s3: a refrigeration medium is used for contacting the solar cell in a reciprocating circulating flow mode and maintaining the solar cell at a constant temperature which is beneficial to the passivation of hydrogen atoms;
the refrigeration medium is cold air or nitrogen gas which is lower than the normal temperature, S1, S2 and S3 are carried out simultaneously, the suspension irradiation of the illumination intensity and the radiant heat generated by the light source penetrate through the refrigeration medium, and then the solar cell is illuminated.
2. The hydrogen passivation method for the solar cell slice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source is an LED lamp bank.
3. The method for hydrogen passivation of solar cell sheet according to claim 2, wherein the light source has an illumination intensity of at least 20 solar light and generates radiant heat at more than 250 ℃.
4. The method for hydrogen passivation of solar cells according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the constant temperature is 250 ℃.
5. The method for hydrogen passivation of solar cells according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the cooling medium is a gas at or below room temperature.
6. The method for hydrogen passivation of solar cells according to claim 5, wherein the gas below the normal temperature forms a cold room between the light source and the solar cells, and further contacts the solar cells for heat exchange.
7. A hydrogen passivation treatment device for solar cells is characterized by comprising:
the illumination area is provided with a plurality of light sources which can provide illumination intensity to generate radiant heat;
a refrigerating area which is arranged at one opposite end of the illumination area and is provided with a refrigerating medium which flows in a reciprocating and circulating way;
a heat exchange area, which is arranged between the illumination area and the refrigeration area, and the radiant heat and the refrigeration medium generated by the illumination intensity are simultaneously collected in the heat exchange area for heat exchange; and
the conveying line penetrates through the heat exchange area, carries the solar cell to pass through the heat exchange area, and the solar cell simultaneously receives suspended irradiation of illumination intensity, heating of radiant heat and contact of a refrigerating medium to reach a constant temperature favorable for passivation of hydrogen atoms;
the suspended irradiation of the illumination intensity and the radiant heat generated by the light source penetrate through the refrigeration medium to illuminate the solar cell, and the refrigeration medium is cold air or nitrogen which is lower than the normal temperature.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the light source of the illumination area is suspended at the top of the conveyor line, the cooling area is a cooler filled with a low-temperature gas, and the cooler is disposed at the bottom of the conveyor line.
9. A hydrogen passivation treatment device for solar cells is characterized by comprising:
the illumination area is provided with a plurality of light sources which can provide illumination intensity to generate radiant heat;
a refrigerating area which is arranged at one opposite end of the illumination area and is provided with a refrigerating medium which flows in a reciprocating and circulating way;
the heat exchange area is formed in the refrigerating area, the illumination intensity penetrates through the refrigerating area and irradiates the heat exchange area, and the radiant heat and the refrigerating medium generated by the illumination intensity are simultaneously gathered in the heat exchange area for heat exchange; and
the conveying line penetrates through a heat exchange area in the refrigerating area, carries the solar cell slice to pass through the heat exchange area, and the solar cell slice simultaneously receives suspended irradiation of illumination intensity, heating of radiant heat and contact of a refrigerating medium to reach a constant temperature favorable for passivation of hydrogen atoms;
the suspended irradiation of the illumination intensity and the radiant heat generated by the light source penetrate through the refrigeration medium to illuminate the solar cell, and the refrigeration medium is cold air or nitrogen which is lower than the normal temperature.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the light source of the illumination area is suspended at the top of the conveyor line, the cooling area is a cooling chamber filled with low-temperature gas, an upper end surface of the cooling chamber is surrounded by a transparent glass frame, and the illumination intensity and radiant heat penetrate through the transparent glass and enter the cooling chamber, so as to exchange heat with the cooling medium for the solar cell.
11. The hydrogen passivation treatment device for solar cells according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the constant temperature is 250 ℃.
12. The hydrogen passivation treatment device for the solar cell piece as claimed in claim 9, wherein the light source is generated by an LED lamp set.
13. The hydrogen passivation treatment device of the solar cell piece of claim 12, wherein the illumination intensity is at least 20 solar intensities and generates radiant heat greater than 250 ℃.
14. The hydrogen passivation treatment device for solar cells according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the constant temperature is 250 ℃.
15. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the light source of the illumination area is suspended at the top of the transport line, the cooling area is a cooler filled with a low temperature gas, and the cooler is disposed at the bottom of the transport line.
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| CN108630772B (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-09-20 | 江西展宇新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen passivation technology improving monocrystalline solar cell light decay problem |
| CN110416357A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-11-05 | 苏州迈正科技有限公司 | A kind of hetero-junction solar cell hydrogen passivating method, hydrogen passivating device, battery, battery component and solar powered station |
| CN110459651A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-11-15 | 苏州迈正科技有限公司 | A kind of hetero-junction solar cell layering hydrogen passivating method, hydrogen passivating device, battery, battery component and solar powered station |
| CN112466983A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-03-09 | 帝尔激光科技(无锡)有限公司 | Method and equipment for repairing solar cell interface defects |
| FR3112892B1 (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-07-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCESS FOR TREATMENT BY INTERRUPTED SCANNING OF A HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL |
| FR3112899B1 (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-07-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PROCESS FOR TREATMENT BY CONTINUOUS SCANNING OF A HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL |
| WO2022018254A1 (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-27 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Process for treating a heterojunction photovoltaic cell by scanning |
| FR3117674B1 (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-12-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR DETERMINING A HEATING TEMPERATURE OF A HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL DURING A TREATMENT PROCESS |
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| JP2007118169A (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-05-17 | National Institute For Materials Science | Method of coating inside of microchannel with metal oxide, derivative thereof and composite structure |
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| CN104025304A (en) * | 2012-01-03 | 2014-09-03 | 应用材料公司 | Buffer layer for improving the performance and stability of surface passivation of si solar cells |
| CN104701419A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2015-06-10 | 新南创新私人有限公司 | Advanced hydrogenation of silicon solar cells |
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