CN107534067B - Film for solar cell back sheet, and solar cell - Google Patents
Film for solar cell back sheet, and solar cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107534067B CN107534067B CN201680023781.3A CN201680023781A CN107534067B CN 107534067 B CN107534067 B CN 107534067B CN 201680023781 A CN201680023781 A CN 201680023781A CN 107534067 B CN107534067 B CN 107534067B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- film
- solar cell
- back sheet
- layer
- cell back
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 147
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 abstract description 44
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 65
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 64
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 51
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 49
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 49
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 41
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 22
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 17
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 16
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN=C=O FKTHNVSLHLHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(CCC)CN1C=NC=N1 WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-QWWZWVQMSA-N (3r,6r)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKYNWXNXXHWHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanatopropane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCN=C=O IKYNWXNXXHWHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOBYKYZJUGYBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 UOBYKYZJUGYBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005648 ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006225 ethylene-methyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012939 laminating adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYWDBAKATHNVAA-YZXKGSGOSA-N (2r,3s,6r,8r,10s)-2-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-8-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-10-ol Chemical compound C1C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@@]21O[C@H](CCO)C[C@H](O)C2 XYWDBAKATHNVAA-YZXKGSGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940083957 1,2-butanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UTPYTEWRMXITIN-YDWXAUTNSA-N 1-methyl-3-[(e)-[(3e)-3-(methylcarbamothioylhydrazinylidene)butan-2-ylidene]amino]thiourea Chemical compound CNC(=S)N\N=C(/C)\C(\C)=N\NC(=S)NC UTPYTEWRMXITIN-YDWXAUTNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical class CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHOJALQDYQKSMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-9H-fluorene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical class C(=O)(O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(C=2CC3=CC=CC=C3C=2C=C1)C(=O)O VHOJALQDYQKSMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFEGRFIENDJTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydroindene-1,1-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)(C(O)=O)C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XFEGRFIENDJTCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N Isosorbide Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)CO[C@@H]21 KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003189 Nylon 4,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000007 Nylon MXD6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenolsulfonephthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O1 BELBBZDIHDAJOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YWMLORGQOFONNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(CO)=C1 YWMLORGQOFONNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWVAOONFBYYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 BWVAOONFBYYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LBVBDLCCWCJXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)C3 LBVBDLCCWCJXFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNGGVJIEWDRLFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C3C=C21 FNGGVJIEWDRLFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IHWUGQBRUYYZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CC2(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC1C2 IHWUGQBRUYYZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEIOBOXBGYWJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane;methanol Chemical compound OC.OC.C1CCCCC1 VEIOBOXBGYWJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSVFTMSMAKVATO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene;3,6-dioxabicyclo[6.2.2]dodeca-1(10),8,11-triene-2,7-dione Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1.O=C1OCCOC(=O)C2=CC=C1C=C2 NSVFTMSMAKVATO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005042 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmalonic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O UKFXDFUAPNAMPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002291 germanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002479 isosorbide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007759 kiss coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylmalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C(O)=O ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1 ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1C(O)=O DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJDJKHROQJQURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(C(=O)O)C(C(O)=O)=C3C=CC2=C1 AJDJKHROQJQURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003531 phenolsulfonphthalein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006111 poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006058 strengthened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000000326 ultraviolet stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A film for a solar cell back sheet, which is a polyester film containing voids and having a porosity of 10% or more as a whole, wherein a line perpendicular to the plane direction is drawn from one surface to the other surface of the film in a cross section of the polyester film in the thickness direction, the line connecting the one surface to the other surface is divided by 4 in the thickness direction by 3 points (a center point in the film thickness direction (point C1), a center point in the film thickness direction, and intermediate points of the film surface (point C2-1) and point C2-2), lines parallel to the plane direction of the film are drawn through the 3 points (division horizontal line), and the average area of each 1 void existing on the division horizontal line passing through the point C1 is Sc (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-1 point was Scs (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-2 point was Scs' (μm)2) At least one of (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Sc') is 1.1 to 35 inclusive, and the amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the polyester resin constituting the polyester film is 35 equivalents/ton or less. The invention provides a film for a solar cell back sheet having both excellent output improving effect and adhesion, and a solar cell back sheet and a solar cell using the film for a solar cell back sheet.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a film for a solar cell back sheet, and a solar cell back sheet and a solar cell using the film for a solar cell back sheet.
Background
In recent years, solar power generation has been attracting attention as a clean energy source as a semi-permanent and pollution-free next-generation energy source, and solar cells have rapidly spread.
Fig. 1 shows a typical structure of a typical solar cell. A solar cell is configured by bonding a transparent substrate 4 such as glass and a resin sheet called a solar cell back sheet 1 to a material in which a power generating element 3 is sealed with a transparent sealing material 2 such as EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer). Sunlight is introduced into the solar cell through the transparent substrate 4. The solar light introduced into the solar cell is absorbed by the power generation element 3, and the absorbed light energy is converted into electric energy. The converted electric energy is taken out by a lead wire (not shown in fig. 1) connected to the power generation element 3, and is used for various electric devices. Here, the solar cell backsheet 1 is a sheet member that is provided on the back surface side of the power generating element 3 with respect to the sun and is not directly connected to the power generating element 3. Various proposals have been made for the system and the members of the solar cell, but the solar cell back sheet 1 mainly uses a film made of a polyethylene-based, polyester-based, or fluorine-based resin. (see patent documents 1 to 3)
In the conventional solar cell back sheet, a technique has been developed in which light passing through between solar cell units is reflected by the solar cell back sheet and introduced into a cell (cell) to improve the efficiency of a solar cell module. Specifically, the following techniques are proposed: a technology for improving the module efficiency by forming a reflecting layer on the surface of the base material by white beads and white adhesive; a technique of forming a layer containing voids to provide a highly reflective solar cell backsheet (see patent documents 4 and 5).
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 11-261085
Patent document 2: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 11-186575
Patent document 3: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2006-270025
Patent document 4: japanese patent laid-open No. 2012 and 84670
Patent document 5: japanese patent No. 4766192
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, as in patent document 4, the proposal of forming a reflective layer on the surface of a substrate by white beads and a white binder has the following problems: since the white beads are used, the adhesion to EVA, which is a sealing material for solar cells, and other member films to be bonded during the production of a back sheet is reduced. In addition, as in patent document 5, in the proposal of forming a highly reflective back sheet by forming a layer containing voids, although a certain effect of improving the power generation efficiency is obtained, there is a problem that the improvement of the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module is still insufficient.
Means for solving the problems
In view of the background of the prior art, the present invention provides a film for a solar cell back sheet having both an excellent output improving effect and adhesion, and a solar cell back sheet and a solar cell using the film for a solar cell back sheet.
That is, the present invention relates to a film for a solar cell back sheet, which is a void-containing polyester film having a void ratio of 10% or more in the entire film, wherein a line perpendicular to the plane direction is drawn from one surface to the other surface of the film in a cross section of the polyester film in the thickness direction, the line connecting the one surface to the other surface is divided into 4 equal parts in the thickness direction at 3 points (division horizontal line) parallel to the plane direction of the film, the 3 points are a film thickness direction center point (point C1), a film thickness direction center point and a film surface center point (point C2-1), and a C2-2 point, respectively, and the average area of 1 void existing on a division horizontal line passing through the point C1 is Sc (μm) in terms of the average area per 1 void existing on the division horizontal line2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-1 point was Scs (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-2 point was Scs' (μm)2) At least one of (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Sc') is 1.1 to 35 inclusive, and the amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the polyester resin constituting the polyester film is 35 equivalents/ton or less.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to the present invention, a solar cell having superior adhesion retention (hereinafter, referred to as adhesion) to EVA resin, which is a sealing material of a solar cell, and other member films bonded during processing of a back sheet, and further having higher power generation efficiency (hereinafter, referred to as output enhancement) than the conventional solar cell back sheet can be provided, as compared to the conventional film for a solar cell back sheet and the conventional solar cell back sheet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a structure of a solar cell using the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing a cross section in the thickness direction of the film for a solar cell back sheet.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the structure of the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention having functional layers on both sides.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the structure of a solar cell back sheet having a functional layer on one surface thereof via an adhesive layer, using the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the structure of a solar cell back sheet having functional layers on both surfaces thereof via adhesive layers, using the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention is characterized by satisfying: a polyester film containing voids and having a porosity of 10% or more as a whole film, wherein a line perpendicular to the plane direction is drawn from one surface to the other surface of the film in a cross section of the polyester film in the thickness direction, the line connecting the one surface to the other surface is divided into 4 parts in the thickness direction by 3 points (a center point in the film thickness direction (point C1), a center point in the film thickness direction, an intermediate point in the film surface (point C2-1), and a point C2-2), lines parallel to the film plane direction are drawn through the 3 points (division horizontal lines), and the average area of 1 void existing on a division horizontal line passing through the point C1 is represented by Sc (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-1 point was Scs (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-2 point was Scs' (μm)2) At least one of (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Sc') is 1.1 to 35 inclusive, and the amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the polyester resin constituting the polyester film is 35 equivalents/ton or less.
The film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention will be described below.
The film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention is a void-containing polyester film having a porosity of 10% or more of the entire film, and contains a polyester resin as a main component. The polyester resin as the main component means that the polyester resin is contained in an amount of more than 50 mass% relative to the resin constituting the polyester film of the present invention.
The polyester resin used in the present invention can be obtained by 1) polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "dicarboxylic acid component") and a diol component, 2) polycondensation of a compound having a hydroxyl group and a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid derivative in one molecule, and 1)2) in combination. Further, the polymerization of the polyester resin may be carried out by a conventional method.
In 1), examples of the dicarboxylic acid component include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, dimer acid, didecanedioic acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, methylmalonic acid and ethylmalonic acid, alicyclic dicarboxylic acids such as adamantanedicarboxylic acid, norbornene dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and decahydronaphthalenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 1, 4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1, 5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1, 8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4 ' -biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4 ' -diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid, 4 ' -diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid, 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate, phenylindanedicarboxylic acid (フェニルエンダンジカルボン acid), And aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as anthracenedicarboxylic acid, phenanthrenedicarboxylic acid, and 9, 9' -bis (4-carboxyphenyl) fluorenic acid, and ester derivatives thereof. Further, they may be used alone or in combination.
Further, a dicarboxylic compound obtained by condensing a hydroxy acid such as l-lactide, d-lactide, or hydroxybenzoic acid, a derivative thereof, a substance obtained by linking a plurality of such hydroxy acids, or the like with at least one carboxyl end of the dicarboxylic acid component can also be used.
Next, as the diol component, there may be exemplified aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 2-butanediol, and 1, 3-butanediol, alicyclic diols such as cyclohexane dimethanol, spiro diol, and isosorbide, aromatic diols such as bisphenol a, 1, 3-benzenedimethanol, 1, 4-benzenedimethanol, and 9, 9' -bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene. Further, they may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, a dihydroxy compound obtained by condensing a diol with at least one hydroxyl group terminal of the diol component may be used.
In 2), examples of the compound having a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid derivative and a hydroxyl group in one molecule include a hydroxy acid such as l-lactide, d-lactide, or hydroxybenzoic acid, a derivative thereof, an oligomer of a hydroxy acid, a compound obtained by condensing a hydroxy acid with one carboxyl group of a dicarboxylic acid, and the like.
As the polyester resin obtained from the above 2-component, polyester resins formed of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene 2, 6-naphthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1, 4-cyclohexene dimethylene terephthalate, and mixtures thereof are suitably used, and more preferably, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene 2, 6-naphthalate are preferable from the viewpoint of good film-forming properties, and polyethylene terephthalate is most preferable from the viewpoint of producing a film for a solar battery back sheet having more excellent adhesion.
In the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention, the amount of terminal carboxyl groups of the polyester resin constituting the polyester film is required to be 35 equivalents/ton or less. Preferably 30 equivalents/ton or less, more preferably 25 equivalents/ton or less, still more preferably 20 equivalents/ton or less, and particularly preferably 17 equivalents/ton or less.
Conventionally, for applications requiring adhesiveness to an adherend such as an adhesive, it has been known that affinity for energy of the adherend such as an adhesive can be further improved by increasing polarity of the adhesion surface. That is, in the film for a solar battery back sheet, if the amount of the terminal carboxyl group of the polyester resin constituting the film is increased, the polarity of the polyester resin constituting the film is increased, and the adhesion to a sealing agent such as EVA tends to be improved. However, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies and as a result, found that if the amount of the terminal carboxyl group exceeds 35 equivalents/ton, although the initial adhesion is excellent, the moist heat resistance of the polyester film is lowered, and as a result, the film is embrittled and the adhesion surface is broken when the film is left outdoors for a long period of time, and as a result, the adhesion to EVA and other member films is lowered. Further, it was found that the film was discolored due to the deterioration by moist heat, and the reflectivity was impaired, and the output improvement property was also lowered in some cases. As will be described later, the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention can improve adhesion even when the amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the polyester resin constituting the polyester film is 35 equivalents/ton or less by controlling the size of voids contained in the film to a specific size, and can achieve excellent adhesion and moist heat resistance, and output improvement characteristics, which have been difficult to achieve in the past.
The lower limit of the amount of the terminal carboxyl group is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and is more preferably 7 equivalents/ton or more, and still more preferably 11 amounts/ton or more. When the amount of the terminal carboxyl group is less than 7 equivalents/ton, the polar terminal group on the surface may be insufficient, the absolute value of the adhesion strength may be small, and the effect of improving the adhesion of the present invention may be insufficient.
The intrinsic viscosity IV of the polyester resin constituting the polyester film is preferably 0.63dl/g or more and 0.80dl/g or less, more preferably 0.65dl/g or more, and still more preferably 0.67dl/g or more. When the intrinsic viscosity IV is less than 0.63dl/g, the dispersibility of the nucleating agent for forming voids may be lowered, resulting in a decrease in adhesion. In addition, the moisture and heat resistance of the polyester film may be reduced. On the other hand, when the intrinsic viscosity IV exceeds 0.80dl/g, the extrudability of the polyester resin may be deteriorated. Therefore, by setting the intrinsic viscosity IV of the polyester resin constituting the polyester film to 0.63dl/g or more and 0.80dl/g or less, a film for a solar cell back sheet having both adhesion, moist heat resistance and processability can be obtained.
Further, the number average molecular weight Mn of the polyester resin is preferably 8000 to 40000, more preferably 9000 to 30000, and further preferably 10000 to 20000. When the number average molecular weight Mn is less than 8000, the durability such as moist heat resistance and heat resistance may be reduced. On the other hand, if the number average molecular weight Mn exceeds 40000, polymerization becomes difficult, and the extrudability of the polyester resin may be deteriorated even if polymerization becomes possible.
Further, in the polyester resin, Mn or Na is preferably contained as a metal element. Preferably, Mn is in the range of 50 to 200ppm, and Na is in the range of 10 to 80 ppm. More preferably, Mn and Na are contained within the above range. When Mn or Na is contained in the polyester resin within the above range, hydrolysis of the film is suppressed, and a film for a solar battery back sheet having both excellent moist heat resistance and adhesion and improved output can be obtained.
The polyester film of the present invention has a cavity inside. The term "cavity" as used herein means that when a cut surface of a film is observed with an electron microscope using a microtome by cutting the film perpendicularly to the film surface direction without collapsing the film in the thickness direction, the cross-sectional area observed in the obtained observation image is 0.1 μm2The above voids. The porosity (the proportion of voids in the cross section of the film) of the polyester film of the present invention is required to be 10% or more. The porosity is more preferably 15% or more, and still more preferably 20% or more. The porosity of the entire film can be determined from the area of the cavity portion in the observation image. The details of the method for measuring the porosity will be described later. If the void ratio is less than 10%, the reflectivity is insufficient and the output improvement property is lowered. If the void is too small, stress concentrates on the adhesion interface with the other member film, and the adhesion of the film for a solar cell back sheet is reduced.
The method for forming the cavity in the polyester film is not particularly limited, and the cavity is preferably formed by adding a cavity nucleating agent to the polyester film and then stretching the polyester film. The cavity formed by the foaming agent or the like is difficult to control the structure, and the adhesion of the film for a solar battery back sheet may be reduced.
Examples of the void nucleating agent include organic nucleating agents such as olefin resins incompatible with polyester resins, and inorganic nucleating agents such as inorganic particles and glass beads. The hole nucleating agent is preferably an organic nucleating agent because the shape of the hole can be easily maintained at an inclination in the thickness direction by a production method described later. By keeping the shape of the cavity inclined in the thickness direction, the adhesion of the film for a solar cell back sheet can be improved.
As the organic nucleating agent, there can be used various types of organic nucleating agents such as olefin resins, polyamide resins such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 46, nylon MXD6, and nylon 6T, styrene resins such as polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polybutyl methacrylate, fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene and poly-1, 1-difluoroethylene, special engineering plastics such as polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyarylate, and polyether imide, and different types of polyester resins incompatible with the polyester resin constituting the polyester film of the present invention. Examples of the olefin-based resin include aliphatic polyolefin resins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, low-density polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polymethylpentene and the like, cyclic polyolefin resins such as cycloolefin polymer, cycloolefin copolymer and the like, and among these, the organic nucleating agent is preferably an olefin-based resin having a vicat softening point of 140 ℃ or higher, and more preferably an olefin-based resin having a vicat softening point of 180 ℃ or higher, from the viewpoint that the film for a solar battery back sheet is excellent in output improvement properties because the reflectivity is further improved by forming fine voids. When an olefin-based resin having a vicat softening point of less than 140 ℃ is used as the organic nucleating agent, the shape of the cavity becomes too coarse, and the film for a solar cell back sheet may have reduced adhesion and output improvement properties.
The amount of the organic nucleating agent contained in the polyester film is preferably 1 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less, more preferably 4 mass% or more and 15 mass% or less, and still more preferably 8 mass% or more and 13 mass% or less, based on the total mass of the polyester film. When the amount of the organic nucleating agent contained in the polyester film is less than 1 mass%, the film for a solar battery back sheet has excellent adhesion, but the reflectance may be reduced, resulting in poor output improvement. On the other hand, when the amount of the organic nucleating agent exceeds 30 mass%, although the output improvement is excellent, the voids are too large and the adhesion is poor in some cases.
When an organic nucleating agent is used, it is preferable to use a dispersing aid in combination. The dispersing aid is preferably a polyester elastomer or an amorphous polyester resin copolymerized with a polyether structure, a bent skeleton structure, a bulky cyclohexane skeleton structure, or the like. From the viewpoint of further improving the dispersibility, a system using 2 or more dispersing aids is also preferably used. The amount of the dispersing aid contained in the polyester film is preferably 1 mass% to 10 mass%, more preferably 2 mass% to 8 mass%, and still more preferably 3 mass% to 6 mass%, based on the total mass of the polyester film. When the amount of the dispersing aid contained in the polyester film is less than 1% by mass, the effect as a dispersing aid may be insufficient, and the adhesion may be reduced. On the other hand, when the amount of the dispersing aid exceeds 10 mass%, the dispersibility excessively improves, and the adhesion may be rather reduced. Further, the decrease in crystallinity may decrease the moist heat resistance of the polyester film.
The film for a solar cell back sheet according to the present invention is a polyester film satisfying the following requirements for voids in an observation image of a cross section in the thickness direction of the polyester film: a line perpendicular to the plane direction is drawn from one surface of the film to the other surface, the line connecting the one surface to the other surface is divided into 4 equal parts in the thickness direction by the following 3 points (center point in the film thickness direction (point C1), center point in the film thickness direction, and intermediate point of the film surface (point C2-1) and point C2-2), lines parallel to the plane direction of the film (division horizontal lines) are drawn through the 3 points, and the average area of 1 cavity per each time existing on the division horizontal line passing through the point C1 is taken as Sc (mum)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-1 point was Scs (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-2 point was Scs' (μm)2) At least one of (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') is 1.1-35. Preferably 1.5 to 20, more preferably 2.0 to 15, and still more preferably 2.5 to 10. In addition, as to Sc (. mu.m)2)、Scs(μm2)、Scs’(μm2) The details of the method of (1) are described below.
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that, in a polyester film containing voids, if the size of the voids contained in the film is kept inclined in the thickness direction so that at least one of (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') is 1.1 to 35, the adhesion is surprisingly improved. The reason why this effect is caused is not completely clear, and the inventors presume as follows. If both (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') are less than 1.1 (the size of the voids contained in the film has a small inclination in the thickness direction), even if fine voids are formed inside the polyester film, when the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention is brought into close contact with EVA, which is a sealing material for a solar cell, or another member film to be bonded at the time of back sheet production, the force to peel off the contact surface is excessively uniformly applied to the film surface, and therefore the adhesion of the film for a solar cell back sheet is reduced. On the other hand, if both (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') exceed 35 (the inclination of the size of the voids contained in the film in the thickness direction is large), the variation in the void area within the thickness section becomes excessively large, and peeling easily occurs from the coarse void portion, resulting in a decrease in adhesion. Further, since the cavity reduces the light reflectivity, the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention also reduces the output improvement property, and the power generation output of the solar cell mounted thereon cannot be improved.
In the present invention, (Sc/Sc ') and (Sc/Sc') can be adjusted in the shape of the cavity by the type of the cavity-nucleating agent, the amount of the dispersion, or the cooling rate of the polyester resin after melt extrusion at the time of film production. For example, when an olefin-based resin having a Vicat softening point of 140 ℃ or higher is used as the organic nucleating agent, the amount of the cavity nucleating agent and the amount of the dispersion aid are increased within the preferable ranges, so that the cavities are more uniformly refined and the cavity amount in the film increases, and the (Sc/Sc) and (Sc/Sc') decrease. On the other hand, when the cavity nucleating agent amount and the dispersion aid amount are made smaller within a preferable range, the variation of the cavity area within the thickness section becomes large, and (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') become large. Further, if the cooling rate of the polyester resin after melt extrusion at the time of film production is high, the inclination of the size of the voids contained in the film in the thickness direction tends to be small, and the (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') tend to be small. Further, if the cooling rate is slow, the inclination of the size of the voids contained in the film in the thickness direction tends to be small, and (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') tend to be large.
That is, the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention can be produced to have both excellent adhesion and output improvement properties by adjusting the type of the cavity nucleating agent in the film, the amount of the cavity nucleating agent, the amount of the dispersing agent, or the cooling rate of the polyester resin after melt extrusion at the time of film production within a preferable range so that at least one of (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') of the cavities in the polyester film is 1.1 to 35.
When the value of (Sc/Scs) is different from that of (Sc/Scs ') and only one of (Sc/Scs') is in the range of 1.1 to 35, the surface where the effect of the present invention is expected is positioned on the surface side where the effect of the present invention is expected, whereby the adhesion and the output improvement can be further improved. For example, when (Sc/Scs) is 1.1 to 35, the solar cell backsheet film disposed so that the sealing material is located on the film surface side close to Scs can have both adhesiveness and output enhancement.
Here, if both (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') are in the range of 1.1 to 35, the film for a solar battery back sheet has excellent adhesion to both surfaces thereof, and therefore, for example, in a configuration in which one surface of the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention is bonded to another member film and the other surface is directly bonded to a solar battery cell, excellent adhesion is obtained to both surfaces of the film, which is more preferable.
The film for a solar cell back sheet according to the present invention can improve the power generation output by reusing light that has passed through between solar cells by reflecting the light while diffusing the light by the solar cell back sheet. Here, from the viewpoint of improving light diffusibility, an embodiment in which inorganic particles are contained in the polyester resin composition constituting the polyester film is preferable.
Examples of the inorganic particles used herein include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, zinc sulfide, calcium phosphate, alumina, mica (mica), talc, clay, kaolin, lithium fluoride, and calcium fluoride. Among these, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and barium sulfate are preferable from the viewpoint of easy processing with a polyester resin, and titanium oxide is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving the ultraviolet resistance of the film for a solar battery back sheet at the same time. Examples of the titanium oxide include crystalline titanium oxides such as anatase-type titanium oxide and rutile-type titanium oxide. Titanium oxide having a refractive index of 2.7 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the difference in refractive index from the polyester used, and rutile type titanium oxide is more preferable from the viewpoint of further excellent ultraviolet resistance.
That is, the film for a solar cell back sheet according to the present invention can further improve the output improvement property by including the inorganic particles in the polyester resin composition constituting the polyester film having voids.
Here, the mode of containing the inorganic particles in the resin composition constituting the polyester film is not particularly limited, and a structure in which the resin composition constituting at least one of the resin compositions of the both surface layers (one surface layer is a P2 layer, and the other surface layer is a P2 'layer) contains the inorganic particles, and the layer not having the surface layer (this layer is a P1 layer) contains the above-mentioned cavity nucleating agent is preferable, and a 3-layer laminated structure composed of a P2 layer/a P1 layer/a P2' layer is more preferable.
Further, if the P2 layer and the P2' layer contain inorganic particles, they become a void nucleating agent, and sometimes a small amount of voids are contained in the surface layer. In this case, the porosity (Ps) of the P2 layer and the porosity (Ps ') of the P2' layer are preferably 5.0% or less, more preferably 4.0% or less, and still more preferably 3.5% or less. When the void ratios (Ps) and (Ps ') of the P2 layer and the P2' layer both exceed 5.0%, the variation in the cavity area on the surface layer side becomes unstable, and the adhesiveness may decrease. In the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention, the porosity (Ps) of the P2 layer and the porosity (Ps ') of the P2 ' layer are 5.0% or less, so that the film can be effectively used without reducing the adhesiveness and without offsetting the reflectivity of the P1 layer and the diffusibility of the P2 layer or the P2 ' layer, and the output improvement property can be further improved. Further, in the production of a polyester film, the contamination of the process by the void nucleating agent can be prevented.
In the case of a film in which only one of the porosity (Ps) of the P2 layer and the porosity (Ps ') of the P2 ' layer satisfies 5.0% or less, the P2 layer or the P2 ' layer satisfying the above range is located on the solar cell side where the effect of the present invention is expected, whereby the adhesion can be further improved.
The structure in which the P2 layer or the P2' layer containing the inorganic particles having ultraviolet resistance is provided on the surface layer of the film for a solar battery back sheet according to the present invention can achieve both an output enhancement effect and ultraviolet resistance that suppresses discoloration of the film for a solar battery back sheet due to ultraviolet rays contacting the solar battery cells, and thus can be said to be a more preferable embodiment. In addition, it can be said that the laminated structure of the inorganic particles in both of the resin compositions constituting the P2 layer and the P2' layer can exhibit the effect of ultraviolet ray resistance on the solar cell side even with respect to the reflected light of ultraviolet rays contacting the back surface of the solar cell, and is a more preferable embodiment.
The main components of the P2 layer and the P2' layer (hereinafter, collectively referred to as the P2 layer in some cases) can be freely selected within a range not to impair the effects of the present invention. For example, the film for a solar cell back sheet having excellent adhesion at the interface between the P1 layer and the P2 layer can be obtained by using the P2 layer mainly composed of the same polyester resin as the P1 layer. Further, by using an acrylic resin or the like as the main component of the P2 layer, a P2 layer filled with inorganic particles can be provided on the P1 layer by a coating method, and a film for a solar cell back sheet having both excellent adhesion and improved output can be obtained.
When the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention has the structure having the above-described P2 layer and/or P2 ' layer, at least one of (T2/T1) × W2, (T2 '/T1) × W2 ' preferably satisfies 0.35 to 1.50, more preferably 0.75 to 1.40, and even more preferably 0.90 to 1.20, where T1(μm) is the thickness of the P1 layer, T2(μm) is the thickness of the P2 layer, and T2 ' (μm) is the thickness of the P2 ' layer, and W2 (mass%) is the concentration of inorganic particles contained in the resin composition constituting the P2 layer, and W2 ' (mass%) is the concentration of inorganic particles contained in the resin composition constituting the P2 ' layer.
Here, when both (T2/T1) × W2 and (T2 '/T1) × W2' are less than 0.35, the diffusibility of the P2 layer and the P2 'layer may be insufficient, and both layers are provided on the solar cell side, and the output improvement performance of the film for a solar battery back sheet may be reduced, whereas when both (T2/T1) × W2 and (T2'/T1) × W2 'exceed 1.50, the diffusibility of the P2 layer and the P2' layer may be too strong, and the amount of light reaching the P1 layer may be reduced, and the output improvement performance may be reduced instead.
In the case of a film in which only one of (T2/T1) × W2 and (T2 '/T1) × W2 ' satisfies 0.35 to 1.50, the power improvement can be further improved by locating the P2 layer or the P2 ' layer satisfying the above range on the side of the solar cell where the effect of the present invention is expected, for example, in the case of only (T2/T1) × W2 of 0.35 to 1.50, a solar cell backsheet film disposed so that the sealant of the power generation cell is located on the P2 layer side can have both adhesion and power improvement, and it is preferable that the power improvement is particularly excellent if both of (T2/T1) × W2 and (T2 '/T1) × W2 ' are 0.35 to 1.50.
In addition, when the P1 layer also contains inorganic particles, the inorganic particle concentration is preferably 10 mass% or less, more preferably 5 mass% or less, and still more preferably 3 mass% or less, with respect to the total mass of the P1 layer, from the viewpoint of maintaining excellent adhesion of the film for a solar battery back sheet. If the content of the inorganic particles in the P1 layer exceeds 10 mass%, the polyester film may have a small (Sc/Scs) or (Sc/Scs') and the film for a solar cell back sheet may have a low adhesion.
Further, T1/(T1+ T2+ T2 '), which indicates the proportion of the P1 layer to the entire film thickness, is preferably in the range of 0.6 to 0.99, and T2/(T1+ T2+ T2 '), T2 '/(T1 + T2+ T2 '), which indicates the proportion of the P2 layer and the P2 ' layer to the entire film thickness, is preferably 0.01 to 0.2. By satisfying the above range, excellent adhesion and output improvement can be achieved at the same time.
In the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention, additives such as a heat stabilizer, an oxidation stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an ultraviolet stabilizer, an organic/inorganic slipping agent, organic/inorganic fine particles, a filler, a nucleating agent, a dye, and a coupling agent may be added as necessary in addition to the above-mentioned void nucleating agent and inorganic particles, within a range not to impair the effects of the present invention. For example, when an ultraviolet absorber is selected as the additive, the ultraviolet resistance of the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention can be further improved. Further, an antistatic agent or the like may be added to improve electrical insulation.
The thickness of the entire film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention is preferably 25 μm to 350 μm, more preferably 30 μm to 300 μm, and still more preferably 50 μm to 260 μm. When the thickness of the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention is less than 25 μm, wrinkles may occur in the lamination process with other member films. On the other hand, if the thickness is more than 350 μm, the winding property may be deteriorated. Further, if the thickness of the entire film is set to 45 μm or more, the effect of improving the adhesion due to the variation in the area of the cavity in the thickness direction is remarkably obtained, and the effect of improving the output is obtained because the light reflectivity is good, which is preferable. More preferably 48 μm, and still more preferably 50 μm or more.
Further, the thermal conductivity of the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention is preferably 0.9W/mK or less, and more preferably 0.75W/mK or less. When the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention is used as a solar cell back sheet, another film may be laminated on the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the sealing material (hereinafter referred to as the air side surface), but by setting the thermal conductivity to 0.9W/m · K or less, the heat generation of the cell can be blocked, and the decrease in the contact with the film laminated on the air side surface can be suppressed. The thermal conductivity of the film for a solar cell back sheet can be reduced by increasing the porosity of the film for a solar cell back sheet.
(method for producing film for solar cell Back sheet)
Next, a method for producing the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention will be described by taking an example. This is an example, and the present invention is not to be construed as being limited to the examples.
First, the polyester resin which is a raw material of the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting a dicarboxylic acid or an ester derivative thereof and a diol to an ester exchange reaction or an esterification reaction by a known method. Examples of the conventionally known reaction catalyst include alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, zinc compounds, lead compounds, manganese compounds, cobalt compounds, aluminum compounds, antimony compounds, titanium compounds, phosphorus compounds, and the like. Preferably, at any stage before the completion of the ordinary production method, an alkali metal compound, a manganese compound, an antimony compound or a germanium compound, and a titanium compound are added as a polymerization catalyst, and from the viewpoint of further improving the adhesion of the film for a solar cell back sheet, a sodium compound and a manganese compound are more preferably added. In this method, for example, if a manganese compound is taken as an example, it is preferable to directly add manganese compound powder.
The amount of the terminal carboxyl group of the polyester resin can be controlled by the temperature at the time of polymerization, the time of so-called solid-phase polymerization in which the polyester resin is polymerized and then heated at a temperature of 190 ℃ to less than the melting point of the polyester resin under reduced pressure or under the flow of an inert gas such as nitrogen. Specifically, if the temperature during polymerization is increased, the amount of the terminal carboxyl group increases, and if the time for solid-phase polymerization is prolonged, the amount of the terminal carboxyl group decreases.
The method for incorporating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention with a void nucleating agent, inorganic particles, and the like is preferably the following method: a method of blending master batches prepared by melt-kneading raw materials in advance using a vented twin-screw kneading extruder or a tandem extruder. At this time, since the base particles undergo a thermal history, there is a fear that thermal deterioration proceeds. Therefore, it is more preferable to prepare a master batch containing a cavity nucleating agent and inorganic particles at a higher concentration and use them by mixing and diluting them. Specifically, when the void nucleating agent is added to the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention, a base particle having a content larger than the content of the void nucleating agent to be contained in the polyester film is prepared in advance, and these are mixed with a polyester resin which is a main component of the polyester film to adjust the content to a target content.
Next, the following method can be used as a method for forming a film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention: a method (melt casting method) in which a raw material adjusted to have a composition of a polyester film is heated and melted in an extruder, extruded from a die onto a cooled casting drum, and processed into a sheet.
Here, the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention is preferably cooled at a casting drum temperature of 30 or more and 80 ℃ or less, more preferably 40 ℃ or more and 70 ℃ or less, and further preferably 45 ℃ or more and 60 ℃ or less. When the temperature of the casting drum is set to less than 30 ℃, the cooling rate of the melt-extruded film becomes too high, and the (Sc/Scs) or (Sc/Scs') of the polyester film becomes small, and sometimes deviates from the preferable range. On the other hand, if the temperature of the casting drum exceeds 80 ℃, crystallization of the polyester resin excessively proceeds, and sometimes cracking occurs at the time of stretching.
Next, the sheet obtained is introduced into a roller set heated to a temperature of 70 to 140 ℃, stretched in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction, i.e., the sheet traveling direction), and cooled by the roller set at a temperature of 20 to 50 ℃. Then, both ends of the sheet are introduced into a tenter while being held by clips, and stretched in a direction (width direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction in an atmosphere heated to a temperature of 80 to 150 ℃. In this case, the stretch ratio is preferably 2 to 30 times, more preferably 4 to 25 times, and still more preferably 6 to 20 times as large as the area ratio. The polyester film of the present invention can be formed into a cavity having an appropriate size by stretching at the above-mentioned ratio. When the area magnification is less than 2 times, the cavity becomes small, and the output improvement performance may be reduced. On the other hand, if the surface magnification exceeds 30 times, the cavity becomes too large, and the adhesion may be reduced. Further, it is also not preferable from the viewpoint that the load on the film forming machine becomes excessive.
Further, the difference in stretch ratio between the longitudinal direction (the direction of movement when the film is formed) and the width direction of the film is preferably 4 times or less, more preferably 2 times or less, and still more preferably 1 time or less. If the difference in draw ratio exceeds 4 times, the shape of the cavity inside the polyester film may be biased in 1 direction, and the adhesion may be reduced.
That is, the film for a solar cell back sheet according to the present invention is a film for a solar cell back sheet which is excellent in processability and which has excellent adhesion, output improvement property, and wet heat resistance by stretching a polyester film at a ratio of 2 to 30 times in terms of surface magnification, with a difference between the stretching ratios of the polyester film in the longitudinal direction (the moving direction during film formation) and the film in the width direction being 4 times or less.
Subsequently, after the stretching, heat setting was performed in a tenter. The set temperature in this case is preferably 150 ℃ to 250 ℃, more preferably 170 ℃ to 230 ℃, and still more preferably 180 ℃ to 220 ℃. When the heat setting is performed at less than 150 ℃, the thermal dimensional stability of the film for a solar cell back sheet is lowered, and problems such as curling may occur during the processing of the back sheet. On the other hand, in the case of heat setting at a temperature exceeding 250 ℃, the void nucleating agent in the film interior flows, and the desired reflection performance may not be obtained.
In addition, in the case where the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention has a P2 layer, the following method is preferably used: for example, a method (co-extrusion method) in which a raw material constituting the P1 layer and a raw material constituting the P2 layer are fed into two different extruders, melted, combined, co-extruded from a die onto a cooled casting drum, and processed into a sheet; a method (coating method) in which a polyester film having a P1 layer is formed alone, then a raw material constituting a P2 layer dissolved in a solvent is coated by a roll coating method, a dip coating method, a bar coating method, a die coating method, a gravure roll coating method, or the like, and then the solvent is dried to form a P2 layer.
The film for a solar cell back sheet obtained by the above-mentioned production method can maintain the moisture and heat resistance, ultraviolet resistance, thermal dimensional stability, and processability of the conventional film for a solar cell back sheet, and has excellent adhesion and output improvement properties.
(solar cell back sheet)
Next, the solar cell back sheet of the present invention will be explained. The solar cell back sheet of the present invention is important to be a solar cell back sheet having the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention and at least 1 or more functional layers. Among these, the curl height of the solar cell back sheet determined by the measurement method described later is preferably 10mm or less, and more preferably 5mm or less. By setting the curl height of the solar cell back sheet to 10mm or less, the occurrence of positional deviation and cell cracking due to curling is reduced, and the productivity of the solar cell can be improved.
In order to set the curl height of the solar cell back sheet to 10mm or less, it is preferable that the film for a solar cell back sheet has a young's modulus of 4.0GPa or less and the film for a solar cell back sheet has a young's modulus of 4.0GPa or less. More preferably, the film for a solar cell back sheet has a young's modulus of 4.0GPa or less, and the film for a solar cell back sheet has a young's modulus of 3.0GPa or less. The lower limit of the young's modulus of the film for a solar cell back sheet and the solar cell back sheet is not particularly limited as long as the function of the present invention is not impaired, and is sufficient as long as it is 0.5GPa or more.
When the young's modulus of the solar cell back sheet is set to 4.0GPa or less, the wrap-around fold generated when the solar cell back sheet is stored in a rolled state can be flattened by the weight of the solar cell back sheet when the solar cell back sheet is laminated on a solar cell.
The method for adjusting the young's modulus of the film for a solar battery back sheet to the above range is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted by the following method or the like. For example, if the porosity of the polyester film for solar battery back sheets is increased or the stretching ratio in film formation is decreased, the young's modulus of the film for solar battery back sheets tends to decrease. Further, if the porosity of the polyester film for solar battery back sheets is reduced or the stretching ratio in film formation is increased, the young's modulus of the film for solar battery back sheets tends to be increased. Further, if the young's modulus of the film for a solar cell back sheet used for a solar cell back sheet is high, the young's modulus of the solar cell back sheet tends to be improved, and if the young's modulus of the film for a solar cell back sheet used for a solar cell back sheet is low, the young's modulus of the solar cell back sheet tends to be reduced. In addition to these, the young's modulus of the layer laminated on the film for a solar battery back sheet can be adjusted.
The functional layer of the solar battery back sheet of the present invention is preferably a layer containing at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or a combination of a plurality of these materials, since adhesiveness is good. In particular, in the solar cell back sheet of the present invention, the functional layer is provided between the film for a solar cell back sheet and the sealing material, whereby the solar cell back sheet can have a good adhesion force with the sealing material. Among these, polyethylene is particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of weather resistance and water vapor barrier properties. When a layer containing at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or a combination of a plurality of these is used as the functional layer, the thickness of the functional layer is preferably 30 μm to 300 μm, and more preferably 50 μm to 200 μm. The thickness of this layer is 30 μm or more, which improves the water vapor barrier property and the insulating property, and is 300 μm or less, which suppresses process contamination caused by the overflow of the functional layer B during the production of the solar cell.
The method of laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention with a layer containing at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or a combination of a plurality of them as a functional layer is not particularly limited, and a method of directly laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention, and a method of laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention and the functional layer via an adhesive or the like are exemplified as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
Further, the functional layer of the backsheet of the present invention is preferably a layer containing at least one kind or a combination of plural kinds of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), poly-1, 1-difluoroethylene (PVDF), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), since the weatherability of the backsheet can be improved. In particular, if the functional layer is laminated on the air side of the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention, deterioration by ultraviolet rays can be suppressed, which is preferable. From the viewpoint of weatherability, the functional layer preferably contains at least one of PVF and PVDF.
When a layer containing at least one of PVF, PVDF, ETFE, and FEP, or a combination of a plurality of them is used as the functional layer, the thickness of the functional layer is preferably 25 μm to 125 μm, and more preferably 25 μm to 75 μm. The weather resistance is improved by making the thickness of the layer to be 25 μm or more, and the processability of the solar cell back sheet is improved by making the thickness of the layer to be 125 μm or less.
The method of laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention with a layer containing at least one of PVF, PVDF, PTFE, and ETFE, or a combination of a plurality of them as a functional layer is not particularly limited, and a method of directly laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention and a method of laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet and the functional layer via an adhesive or the like are exemplified as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
The functional layer of the solar cell backsheet of the present invention is preferably a layer containing polyurethane because adhesiveness is good. In particular, if the functional layer is located between the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention and the sealing material, the adhesion force with the sealing material is improved. The polyurethane is a generic name of a polymer obtained from a compound having an isocyanate group and a compound having a hydroxyl group. Examples of the compound having an isocyanate group include diisocyanates such as Trimethylene Diisocyanate (TDI), 1, 6-Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI), methylenebis (4, 1-phenylene) ═ diisocyanate (MDI), 3-isocyanatomethyl-3, 5, 5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (IPDI), Xylylene Diisocyanate (XDI), trimethylolpropane adduct of these diisocyanates, isocyanurate adduct of these diisocyanates, biuret adduct of these diisocyanates, and polymeric diisocyanates, and among them, HDI is preferable from the viewpoint of color tone. Examples of the compound having a hydroxyl group include polyester polyol, polyether polyol, polyacrylic polyol, and fluorine-based polyol, and polyacrylic polyol and fluorine-based polyol are preferable from the viewpoint of moist heat resistance and weather resistance.
When the layer containing polyurethane is used as the functional layer, the thickness of the functional layer is preferably 1 μm to 20 μm, and more preferably 2 μm to 10 μm. When a layer containing polyurethane is used as the functional layer, the functional layer has a thickness of 1 μm or more, which improves the weather resistance, and 20 μm or less, which improves the processability of the backsheet.
The method of laminating the layer containing polyurethane as the functional layer with the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of laminating by a roll coating method, a gravure roll coating method, a kiss coating method, and other coating methods or printing methods.
Further, the functional layer of the solar cell back sheet of the present invention preferably contains an inorganic compound. When the functional layer of the solar cell back sheet contains an inorganic compound, the water vapor barrier property of the solar cell back sheet is improved. The inorganic compound contained in the functional layer is preferably silica or alumina, and particularly preferably silica in view of water vapor barrier property and moist heat resistance.
The method for laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention with a layer containing an inorganic compound as a functional layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include: a method of directly laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention; a method of laminating an inorganic compound on a polyester film different from the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention, and laminating the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention and a layer (functional layer) other than the polyester film on which the inorganic compound is laminated with an adhesive or the like in a range where the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
In addition, the solar cell back sheet of the present invention is preferably produced by laminating a functional layer containing polyester with the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention via an adhesive layer, because the solar cell back sheet is excellent in weather resistance and processability.
When the layer containing polyester is used as the functional layer, the thickness of the functional layer is preferably 25 μm to 188 μm, and more preferably 38 μm to 125 μm. The layer thickness is 25 μm or more to improve the weatherability, and the layer thickness is 188 μm or less to improve the processability of the backsheet.
In the present invention, when the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention is laminated with a functional layer via an adhesive layer, the void ratio, (Sc/Scs), (Sc/Scs') is determined without including the adhesive layer and the functional layer. For example, in the case of a laminated film having a structure comprising a functional layer/adhesive layer/hollow-containing polyester film of polyester, the center point in the thickness direction of the hollow-containing polyester film is defined as point C1, and the intermediate points between point C1 and the surface of the hollow-containing polyester film are defined as points (point C2-1) and (point C2-2).
(solar cell)
Next, a solar cell of the present invention will be explained. The solar cell of the present invention is directly mounted with the film for a solar cell back sheet. Or a solar cell back sheet having the above solar cell back sheet mounted thereon.
Fig. 1 illustrates a structure of a solar cell according to the present invention. The solar cell back sheet 1 is configured by bonding a transparent substrate 4 such as glass to a substance obtained by sealing a power generating element to which a lead wire (not shown in fig. 1) for drawing out power is connected with a transparent sealing material 2 such as EVA resin, but the present invention is not limited to this and can be used in any configuration.
Here, in the solar cell of the present invention, the solar cell backsheet 1 plays a role of protecting the power generation cells provided on the back surface of the sealing material 2 in which the power generation elements are sealed. Here, from the viewpoint of improving the power generation efficiency of the solar cell, the solar cell back sheet is preferably arranged so that the P2 layer is in contact with the sealing material 2. With this configuration, a solar cell having both excellent adhesion and power generation efficiency of the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention can be obtained.
The power generating element 3 converts the light energy of sunlight into electric energy, and any desired element such as a crystalline silicon-based element, a polycrystalline silicon-based element, a microcrystalline silicon-based element, an amorphous silicon-based element, a copper indium diselenide (copper indium diselenide) based element, a compound semiconductor-based element, a dye-sensitized element, or the like can be used in series or in parallel depending on a desired voltage or current. Since the transparent substrate 4 having light transmittance is located on the outermost layer of the solar cell, a transparent material having high weather resistance, high contamination resistance, and high mechanical strength is used in addition to high transmittance. In the solar cell of the present invention, any material may be used as long as the transparent substrate 4 having light transmittance satisfies the above characteristics, and examples thereof include glass, fluorine-based resins such as tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinyl fluoride resin (PVF), poly 1, 1-difluoroethylene resin (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene resin (TFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin (CTFE), and poly 1, 1-difluoroethylene resin, olefin-based resins, acrylic resins, and mixtures thereof. In the case of glass, it is more preferable to use strengthened glass. In addition, when a light-transmitting base material made of a resin is used, it is preferable to use a material obtained by uniaxially or biaxially stretching the resin from the viewpoint of mechanical strength. In order to impart adhesiveness to the base material with EVA resin or the like as a sealing material of the power generating element, it is also preferable to perform corona treatment, plasma treatment, ozone treatment, or easy adhesion treatment on the surface.
The sealing material 2 for sealing the power generating element is made of a material having high transparency, high weather resistance, high adhesiveness, and high heat resistance for adhesion to a light-transmitting base material, a back sheet, and the power generating element, in addition to the purpose of covering and fixing irregularities on the surface of the power generating element with a resin to protect the power generating element from the external environment and for electrical insulation. As examples thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA) resin, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA), ionomer resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, mixtures thereof, and the like are preferably used.
As described above, by mounting the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention on a solar cell as a solar cell back sheet, adhesion to the solar cell back sheet is maintained even when the film is left outdoors for a long period of time, as compared with a conventional solar cell, and power generation efficiency can be further improved. The solar cell of the present invention is not limited to outdoor use such as a solar photovoltaic system and a power source for small electronic components, and indoor use, and can be suitably used for various applications.
[ measuring method and evaluating method of Properties ]
(1) Characteristics of the Polymer
(1-1) amount of carboxyl group at terminal (COOH amount in Table.)
The amount of terminal carboxyl groups was measured by the following method according to the method of Maulice. (document: M.J.Maulice, F.Huizinga, anal.Chim.acta, 22363 (1960))
2g of the measurement sample was dissolved in 50mL of o-cresol/chloroform (mass ratio: 7/3) at a temperature of 80 ℃ and the concentration of the terminal carboxyl group was measured by titration with a 0.05N KOH/methanol solution and expressed as a value of equivalent/1 t of polyester. Phenol red was used as an indicator at the time of titration, and the time at which the color changed from yellow-green to light-red was set as the end point of titration. In addition, when the solution in which the measurement sample is dissolved contains insoluble substances such as inorganic particles, the following calibration is performed: the solution was filtered to measure the mass of insoluble matter, and the mass of insoluble matter was subtracted from the mass of the measurement sample, and the obtained value was defined as the mass of the measurement sample.
(1-2) intrinsic viscosity IV
The measurement sample (solution concentration C (measurement sample mass/solution volume) ═ 1.2g/ml) was dissolved in 100ml of o-chlorophenol, and the viscosity of the solution at 25 ℃ was measured using an ostwald viscometer, and the viscosity of the solvent was measured in the same manner [ η ] was calculated from the obtained solution viscosity and solvent viscosity by the following formula (4), and the obtained value was used as the Intrinsic Viscosity (IV).
ηsp/C＝[η]+K[η]2·C···(4)
(here, η sp ═ (solution viscosity/solvent viscosity) — 1, and K is a hagins constant (0.343))
When the solution in which the measurement sample is dissolved contains insoluble substances such as inorganic particles, the measurement is performed by the following method.
(i) The measurement sample was dissolved in 100mL of o-chlorophenol to prepare a solution having a solution concentration of more than 1.2 g/mL. Here, the mass of the measurement sample supplied to the o-chlorophenol is referred to as the measurement sample mass.
(ii) Next, the solution containing the insoluble matter was filtered, and the mass of the insoluble matter and the volume of the filtrate after filtration were measured.
(iii) O-chlorophenol was added to the filtered filtrate, and the ratio (mass of measurement sample (g) — mass of insoluble matter (g))/(volume of filtered filtrate (mL) + volume of added o-chlorophenol (mL)) was adjusted to 1.2g/100 mL.
(for example, when a concentrated solution having a sample mass of 2.0 g/solution volume of 100mL was prepared, the mass of insoluble matter upon filtration of the solution was 0.2g, and the volume of filtrate after filtration was 99mL, the amount of o-chlorophenol added was adjusted to 51mL (2.0g-0.2g)/(99mL +51mL) ═ 1.2g/mL)
(iv) Using the solution obtained in (iii), the viscosity at 25 ℃ was measured using an ostwald viscometer, and using the obtained solution viscosity and solvent viscosity, [ η ] was calculated from the above formula (C) to obtain a value as an Intrinsic Viscosity (IV).
(1-3) content of Metal element
The amounts of metal elements Mg, Mn and Sb were determined by a fluorescent X-ray analysis method (model 3270, manufactured by KIZYM CO., LTD.), and the amount of metal elements Na was determined by an atomic absorption analysis method (180-80, manufactured by Hitachi, flame acetylene-air, polarized Zeeman atomic absorption Spectrophotometer, manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.).
(2) Area ratio of cavity
(2-1) Observation of film Cross section
The film for solar cell back sheet of the present invention is cut perpendicularly to the film surface direction by using a microtome or CP (section polisher) for cross-section processing without collapsing in the thickness direction, thereby forming a cross section. Next, an image obtained by observing the cut surface of the sample was obtained using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (JSM-6700F, japan electron field emission scanning electron microscope).
(2-2) measurement of porosity of the entire film
With the method (2-1), images were prepared by observing the entire thickness direction of the film at the maximum observable magnification at 5 points in total, and 10 points in total, where the film cross section was cut in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the film, at arbitrarily selected different points in the film sample. Then, each film was drawn so that only the hollow portion was transparent, and the ratio of the area of the hollow measured by an image analyzer (manufactured by ニレコ, Inc.: ルーゼックス IID) to the cross-sectional area of the film as a whole in the observation image was calculated, and the average value at 10 points was defined as the porosity of the film as a whole.
(2-3) measurement of the void fractions (Ps) and (Ps') of the film surface layer
With respect to the laminated film having 3 or more layers, the void ratios (Ps), (Ps') of the film surface layer were measured by the following methods. That is, with respect to the observation cross sections at 10 points in total prepared in the same manner as in (2-2), an image obtained by observing the entire surface layer of the film surface layer (the P2 layer and the P2' layer) at the maximum magnification that can be observed within the field of view was prepared, the area ratio was calculated by using an image analyzer in the same manner, and the average value at 10 points was defined as the porosity of the film surface layer.
(2-4) measurement of Cavity area of cavities existing on respective horizontal lines
With respect to the observation cross sections at 10 points in total, which were prepared in the same manner as in (2-2), an image obtained by observing the entire film in the thickness direction at the maximum magnification that can be observed was prepared. Next, for each observation image, a line perpendicular to the film thickness direction was drawn, and this line was divided into 4 equal parts by the following 3 points (the film thickness direction center point (point C1), the film thickness direction center point, and the intermediate points of the film surface (point C2-1) and point C2-2), and a line parallel to the film thickness direction (division horizontal line) was drawn through each of the 3 points. Next, a drawing is performed on the film in which only the cavity portion existing on the division horizontal line is transparent, and the average area of the cavities existing on each horizontal line is obtained using an image analyzer.
Regarding the number of drawn holes, when there are less than 20 holes on the division horizontal line in the observation image, all holes are drawn, and when there are 20 or more holes, 20 holes having centers of gravity close to the points C1, C2-1, and C2-2 are selected and drawn.
(2-5) calculation of average void area ratio (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs')
Regarding the average area obtained in (2-4), the average area per 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the point C1 is assumed to be Sc (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-1 point is Scs (μm2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-2 point was Scs' (μm)2) The cavity area ratio (Sc/Scs) or (Sc/Scs ') was calculated, and the average value of 10 points in total was defined as the average cavity area ratio (Sc/Scs) or (Sc/Scs') of the present invention.
(3) Evaluation of adhesion
(3-1) preparation of bonded sample
The film for a solar cell back sheet and the solar cell back sheet of the present invention were bonded with an adhesive (prepared by mixing 90 parts by mass of "タケラック" (registered trademark) a310 (manufactured by mitsui martial 12465 ミカル and 10 parts by mass of "タケネート" (registered trademark) A3 (manufactured by mitsui martial 12465 ミカル)) to a biaxially stretched polyester film "ルミラー" (registered trademark) X10S (manufactured by east レ) having a thickness of 125 μm, and then aged for 48hr in a thermostatic bath adjusted to a temperature of 40 ℃.
(3-2) evaluation of adhesion
The sample obtained in (3-1) was treated with a pressure cooker (manufactured by エスペック corporation) of a highly accelerated life test apparatus at 120 ℃ and 100% relative humidity for 48 hours, and then the film side for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention was horizontally fixed, and the bonded portion was peeled at a speed of 180 ° of 200 mm/min, and the peel strength at the time of the peeling test was measured, and the adhesion of the film for a solar battery back sheet was determined as follows.
The peel strength is 6N/15mm or more: a. the
A peel strength of 4N/15mm or more and less than 6N/15 mm: b is
A peel strength of 2N/15mm or more and less than 4N/15 mm: c
A peel strength of 1N/15mm or more and less than 2N/15 mm: d
Case where the peel strength is less than 1N/15 mm: e
The adhesiveness was good for a to D, and among them, a was the most excellent.
(4) Evaluation of Wet Heat resistance
The film for a solar cell back sheet and the solar cell back sheet of the present invention were cut into a shape of a measurement sheet of 10mm × 200mm, then subjected to a treatment under a condition of a temperature of 125 ℃ and a relative humidity of 100% RH for 48 hours by a pressure cooker (manufactured by エスペック corporation) of a highly accelerated life test apparatus, and then, the elongation at break was measured based on ASTM-D882 (1997). further, the measurement was carried out at a tensile speed of 300mm/min between chucks, and the number of measurements n was 5, and after the measurement in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the sheet, the average value thereof was set as the elongation at break after the wet heat test.
The elongation at break after the moist heat test is 60% or more of the elongation at break before the moist heat test: a. the
The elongation at break after the moist heat test is 40% or more and less than 60% of the elongation at break before the moist heat test: b is
The elongation at break after the moist heat test is 20% or more and less than 40% of the elongation at break before the moist heat test: c
When the elongation at break after the moist heat test is 10% or more and less than 20% of the elongation at break before the moist heat test: d
The case where the elongation at break after the moist heat test is less than 10% of the elongation at break before the moist heat test: e
The moist heat resistance is good for A to D, and among them, A is the most excellent.
(5) Ultraviolet resistance (change in color tone in ultraviolet ray treatment test)
(5-1) measurement of color tone (b value)
The color tone (b value) of the film for a solar cell back sheet and the solar cell back sheet was measured by a reflection method using a spectroscopic colorimeter SE-2000 (manufactured by japan electrochrome industry, ltd., light source halogen lamp 12V4A, 0 ° -45 ° post-spectroscopic method) with n ═ 3, and the average value was determined based on JIS-Z-8722 (2000).
(5-2) color tone Change Δ b
The film for a solar cell back sheet and the solar cell back sheet of the present invention were measured at a temperature of 60 ℃ by an eye super ultraviolet ray tester S-W151 (manufactured by Kawasaki electric Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the above item (5-1)Relative humidity 60%, illuminance 100mW/cm2The color tone (B value) before and after 48 hours of irradiation under the conditions of (light source: metal halide lamp, wavelength range: 295 to 450nm, peak wavelength: 365nm) was calculated from the following expression (α). furthermore, in the case of the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention having a structure in which one surface has a P2 layer, the test was performed in such a manner that the surface on the P2 layer side was brought into contact with the ultraviolet test light, in the case of the solar cell back sheet, the test was performed in such a manner that the ultraviolet test light was brought into contact with the opposite surface to the surface having the functional layer B in examples 32 to 37, 45 to 46, and 50 to 53, the test was performed in such a manner that the ultraviolet test light was brought into contact with the surface having the functional layer B in examples 38 to 44, and 47 to 49, and the test was performed in such a manner that the ultraviolet test light was brought into contact with the surface having the functional layer B' in examples 54 to 56.
Hue change (Δ b) after ultraviolet irradiation b 1-b 0(α)
b 0: color tone before ultraviolet irradiation (b value)
b 1: color tone (b value) after ultraviolet irradiation
From the obtained change in color (Δ b) before and after the ultraviolet treatment test, the ultraviolet resistance was determined as follows.
Case where the change in color tone (Δ b) before and after the ultraviolet irradiation treatment test is less than 3: a. the
A case where the change in color (Δ b) before and after the ultraviolet irradiation treatment test is 3 or more and less than 6: b is
A case where the change in color (Δ b) before and after the ultraviolet irradiation treatment test is 6 or more and less than 10: c
A case where the change in color tone (Δ b) before and after the ultraviolet irradiation treatment test is 10 or more and less than 20: d
A case where the change in color (Δ b) before and after the ultraviolet irradiation treatment test is 20 or more: e
With respect to ultraviolet resistance, A to D were good, and among them, A was the most excellent.
(6) Evaluation of thermal conductivity
As an evaluation of the thermal conductivity of the film for a solar battery back sheet of the present invention, a test was performed based on ATSM E1530. The lower heater was set to 30 ℃, the upper heater was set to 80 ℃, and n was measured as 3, and the average value was taken as the thermal conductivity, and the obtained thermal conductivity was determined as follows.
The thermal conductivity is 0.08W/m.K or less: a. the
The thermal conductivity exceeds 0.08W/mK and is less than 0.12W/mK: b is
The thermal conductivity exceeds 0.12W/m.K and is less than 0.14W/m.K: c
Thermal conductivity of more than 0.14W/m.K: d
Regarding the thermal conductivity, a to B were good, and among them, a was the most excellent.
(7) Evaluation of solar cell characteristics
(7-1) evaluation of output improvement of solar cell
Flux "H722 by HOZAN corporation" was applied to the front and back silver electrode portions of G156M3 "manufactured by" ジンテック "of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell by a dispenser, and on the front and back silver electrodes, a wiring material" copper foil SSA-SPS0.2 × 1.5.5 (20) "manufactured by hitachi electric wire corporation" cut to a length of 155mm was placed so that one end of the cell on the front side was 10mm and the end of the wiring material was an end of the wiring material and the back side and the front side were symmetrical, and a welding gun was used to contact the cell from the back side and weld the front and back sides simultaneously, thereby producing a 1-cell string (strings).
Then, the wiring member exposed from the cell of the produced 1-cell string was placed so that the longitudinal direction thereof was perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a lead-out electrode "copper foil A-SPS0.23 × 6.0" cut to 180mm, and the flux was applied to the portion where the wiring member and the lead-out electrode were overlapped and welded to produce a string with a lead-out electrode, and at this time, the short-circuit current was measured in accordance with the standard state of JIS C8914: 2005 to obtain the power generation performance of the individual cell.
Next, 190mm × mm glass (3.2 mm thick white plate heat treated glass for solar cell manufactured by asahi glass corporation) as a covering material, 190mm × mm ethylene-vinyl acetate (0.5 mm thick sealing material manufactured by サンビック) as a front side sealing material, a string with a lead electrode subjected to power generation performance evaluation of a single cell, 190mm × mm ethylene-vinyl acetate (0.5 mm thick sealing material manufactured by サンビック) as a back side sealing material, and 190mm × mm film for solar cell back sheet of the present invention were sequentially stacked and fixed so that the glass was brought into contact with a vacuum hot plate of a laminator, and vacuum lamination was performed under conditions of a hot plate temperature of 145 ℃, vacuum evacuation time of 4 minutes, pressing time of 1 minute, and holding time of 10 minutes to manufacture a solar cell for evaluation.
The obtained solar cell module was subjected to a reaction in accordance with JIS C8914: the measurement of the short-circuit current measured in the reference state 2005 is assumed to be the power generation performance of the solar cell having the solar cell backsheet of the present invention mounted thereon.
From the power generation performance of the individual cell thus obtained and the power generation performance of the solar cell having the solar cell backsheet of the present invention mounted thereon, the power generation improvement rate of the solar cell having the solar cell backsheet of the present invention mounted thereon was calculated according to the following equation (β).
The increase in power generation rate (%) due to modularization (power generation performance after modularization/power generation performance of individual unit-1) × 100 (%) (β)
From the obtained power generation improvement rate, the output improvement is determined as follows.
The power generation increase rate is 8.0% or more: a. the
The power generation increase rate is 7.5% or more and less than 8.0%: b is
A power generation increase rate of 7.0% or more and less than 7.5%: c
A power generation increase rate of 6.5% or more and less than 7.0%: d
The power generation increase rate is less than 6.5%: e
The solar cell is excellent in the output improvement property a to D, and among them, a is the most excellent.
(7-2) evaluation of adhesion of solar cell
10 solar cells prepared in item (7-1) were treated in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (エスペック, manufactured by K.K.) adjusted to 85% RH at 85 ℃ for 4000hr, and then it was visually confirmed whether or not the laminated film for solar cell back sheet was peeled. Regarding the adhesion of the solar cells, the number of sheets peeled off from 10 solar cells was visually checked, and the determination was made as follows.
The case where peeling did not occur in all solar cells: a. the
In the case where the solar cell to be produced is peeled from 1 or more and less than 4 solar cells: b is
In the case where the solar cell to be produced is separated from 4 or more and less than 8 solar cells: c
In the fabricated solar cell, when 8 or more sheets are peeled off from the solar cell: d
Peeling occurred in all solar cells: e
The adhesion of the solar cell is good, and among them, a is the most excellent.
(8) Evaluation of Young's modulus
The Young's modulus of the film for a solar cell back sheet and the solar cell back sheet was measured based on ASTM-D882 (1997). The measurement was performed at 50mm between chucks, a tensile rate of 300mm/min, and the number of measurements n was 5, and the average value of the measurements was young's modulus after the measurements were performed in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the sheet. From the obtained young's modulus, the judgment was made as follows.
Young's modulus of 2.0GPa or less: a. the
Young's modulus exceeding 2.0GPa and being 3.0GPa or less: b is
Young's modulus exceeding 3.0GPa and being 4.0GPa or less: c
Young's modulus exceeding 4.0 GPa: d
As for the Young's modulus, A to C were good, and among them, A was the most excellent.
(9) Evaluation of curl height
As an evaluation of the solar cell backsheet, the curl height (crimpability) was evaluated in accordance with the following procedure.
1. A solar cell back sheet cut to 200mm × 200mm was wound around a paper tube having an outer diameter of 84.2mm and fixed, and the film was stored at 40 ℃ and 50% RH for 1 week, and the film obtained was removed from the paper tube to obtain a sheet for evaluation of curl height.
2. The obtained sheet for evaluation of curl height was placed on a flat plate in a direction in which the central portion of the sheet for evaluation of curl height was in contact with the plate in an environment of 25 ℃.
3. The distance (curl height) between 4 corners of the curl height evaluation sheet and the plate was measured by a caliper.
4. The average value of the curl heights at 4 points obtained in the above step 3 was taken, and from the obtained average value of the curl heights, the evaluation of the curl heights was determined as follows.
The average crimp height is less than 5 mm: a. the
An average value of crimp height is 5mm or more and less than 10 mm: b is
An average value of crimp height is 10mm or more and less than 15 mm: c
The average value of the crimp height is 15mm or more: d
Regarding the curl height, A to C were good, and A was the most excellent.
(10) Evaluation of Water vapor Barrier Property
As an evaluation of the water vapor barrier property of the solar cell back sheet, the area of measurement was measured to be 50cm by the infrared ray sensor method according to JIS K7129(2008)2And a water vapor transmission rate at 40 ℃ in an environment of 90% RH. From the obtained values, the water vapor barrier property was determined as follows.
Water vapor transmission rate less than 0.5g/m2Day one: a. the
The water vapor transmission rate is 0.5g/m2More than one day and less than 1.0g/m2Day one: b is
The water vapor transmission rate is 1.0g/m2More than one day and less than 2.0g/m2Day one: c
The water vapor transmission rate is 2.0g/m2More than one day and less than 3.0g/m2Day one: d
The water vapor transmission rate is 3.0g/m2More than one day: e
The water vapor barrier properties a to D were good, and among them, a was the most excellent.
Examples
The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
(polyester resin material for layer P1)
PET stock A (PET-a)
100 parts by mass of dimethyl terephthalate, 57.5 parts by mass of ethylene glycol, 0.03 part by mass of manganese acetate 4 hydrate, and 0.03 part by mass of antimony trioxide were melted at 150 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere. The melt was heated to 230 ℃ over 3 hours while stirring, methanol was distilled off, and the transesterification reaction was terminated. After the completion of the transesterification reaction, an ethylene glycol solution (pH5.0) prepared by dissolving 0.005 parts by mass of phosphoric acid and 0.021 parts by mass of sodium dihydrogen phosphate 2 hydrate in 0.5 parts by mass of ethylene glycol was added. The intrinsic viscosity of the polyester composition at this time is less than 0.2. Then, polymerization was carried out at a final arrival temperature of 285 ℃ under a vacuum of 0.1 Torr to obtain polyethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.52 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 15 equivalents/ton. The obtained polyethylene terephthalate was dried at 160 ℃ for 6 hours to crystallize it. Then, solid-phase polymerization was carried out at 220 ℃ under a vacuum of 0.3 Torr for 8 hours to obtain polyethylene terephthalate (PET-a) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.82 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 10 equivalents/ton. The obtained polyethylene terephthalate composition had a glass transition temperature of 82 ℃ and a melting point of 255 ℃.
PET stock B (PET-B)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET-b) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.85 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 6 equivalents/ton was obtained in the same manner as for PET raw material A except that the time for solid phase polymerization was changed to 10 hours.
PET stock C (PET-C)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET-c) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.79 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 15 equivalents/ton was obtained in the same manner as for PET raw material A, except that the final arrival temperature of the polymerization reaction was 290 ℃.
PET stock D (PET-D)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET-d) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.77 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 20 equivalents/ton was obtained in the same manner as for PET raw material A, except that the final arrival temperature of the polymerization reaction was 295 ℃.
PET Material E (PET-E)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET-e) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.75 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 28 equivalents/ton was obtained in the same manner as for PET raw material A, except that the final arrival temperature of the polymerization reaction was 300 ℃.
PET stock F (PET-F)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET-f) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.80 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 10 equivalents/ton was obtained in the same manner as for PET raw material A except that 0.03 parts by mass of magnesium acetate 2 hydrate was added instead of manganese acetate as a reaction catalyst and 0.005 parts by mass of phosphoric acid was added only after the completion of the transesterification reaction.
PET stock G (PET-G)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET-g) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.76 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 24 equivalents/ton was obtained in the same manner as for PET raw material A, except that the final arrival temperature of the polymerization reaction was 297 ℃.
PET stock H (PET-H)
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET-h) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.65 and a terminal carboxyl group content of 34 equivalents/ton was obtained in the same manner as for PET raw material A, except that the final arrival temperature of the polymerization reaction was 305 ℃.
9. Cavity nucleating agent master batch A
The cavity nucleating agent core particles a were prepared by melt-kneading 42 parts by mass of the PET resin a (PET-a) obtained in item 1 above, 40 parts by mass of a cycloolefin copolymer (COC) "TOPAS" (registered trademark) 6018 (vicat softening point 188 ℃) manufactured by ポリプラスチックス co., and 724718 parts by mass of a polyester elastomer (TPE) "ハイトレル" (registered trademark) manufactured by east レデュポン co., in an extruder at 290 ℃ while exhausting air.
10. Cavity nucleating agent master batch B
A cavity nucleating agent core particle B was produced by the same composition and method as the cavity nucleating agent core particle A of item 7 except that the PET resin B obtained in item 2 was used instead of the PET resin A.
11. Cavity nucleating agent master batch C
A cavity nucleating agent core particle C was produced by the same composition and method as the cavity nucleating agent core particle A of item 7 except that the PET resin C obtained in item 3 was used instead of the PET resin A.
12. Cavity nucleating agent master batch D
A cavity nucleating agent core particle D was produced by the same composition and method as the cavity nucleating agent core particle A of item 7 except that the PET resin D obtained in item 4 was used instead of the PET resin A.
13. Cavity nucleating agent master batch F
A cavity nucleating agent mother particle F was produced by the same composition and method as the cavity nucleating agent mother particle A of item 7 except that the PET resin F obtained in item 5 was used instead of the PET resin A.
14. Cavity nucleating agent master batch G
26.3 parts by mass of the PET resin A (PET-a) obtained in item 1 above, 40 parts by mass of a cycloolefin copolymer "TOPAS" (registered trademark) 6018 (Vicat softening point 188 ℃ C.) manufactured by ポリプラスチックス K.K., 724718 parts by mass of a polyester elastomer (TPE) "ハイトレル" (registered trademark) manufactured by Tokyo レデュポン K.K., and 07115.3 parts by mass of an amorphous PET resin (PET-G) Copolyester 07115.3 manufactured by イ ー ス ト マ ン ケ ミカル K.K. were melt-kneaded in an extruder vented GN at 290 ℃ to prepare a cavity nucleating agent masterbatch G.
15. Cavity nucleating agent master batch H
60 parts by mass of the PET resin A (PET-a) obtained in item 1 above and 40 parts by mass of a cycloolefin copolymer "TOPAS" (registered trademark) 6018 (Vicat softening point 188 ℃ C.) manufactured by ポリプラスチックス were melt-kneaded in an extruder at 290 ℃ with air being discharged to prepare a cavity nucleating agent master batch H.
16. Cavity nucleating agent master batch I
The PET resin a (PET-a) obtained in item 1 above was melted and kneaded in an extruder at 290 ℃ with air removed, and 42 parts by mass of polymethylpentene (PMP) "TPX" (registered trademark) DX820 (vicat softening point: 172 ℃) manufactured by mitsui chemical corporation, and 40 parts by mass of polyester elastomer (TPE) "ハイトレル" (registered trademark) 724718 parts by mass manufactured by east レデュポン corporation were melted and kneaded to prepare a cavity nucleating agent core particle I.
17. Hollow nucleating agent master batch J
56 parts by mass of the PET resin A (PET-a) obtained in item 1 above, 40 parts by mass of polypropylene (PP) "ノーブレン" (registered trademark) FLX80E4 (Vicat softening point: 135 ℃) manufactured by Sumitomo chemical Co., Ltd, and acid-modified polypropylene (acid-modified PP) "ユーメックス" (registered trademark) PP 10104 parts by mass manufactured by Sanyo chemical Co., Ltd were melt-kneaded in an extruder at 290 ℃ under an exhaust atmosphere to prepare a cavity nucleating agent master batch J.
18. Titanium oxide masterbatch
100 parts by mass of the PET resin A (PET-a) obtained in the above item 1, rutile titanium oxide particles (TiO) having an average particle diameter of 210nm2)100 parts by mass of the titanium oxide master batch were melted and kneaded in an extruder at 290 ℃ with air being discharged.
19. Barium sulfate masterbatch
100 parts by mass of the PET resin A (PET-a) obtained in the above item 1, barium sulfate particles (BaSO) having an average particle diameter of 1.5 μm4)100 parts by mass were melted and kneaded in an extruder at 290 ℃ with air being discharged, to prepare a barium sulfate master batch.
(film and coating agent for use in functional layer B)
20. Polyethylene film
A white polyethylene film "4807W" manufactured by Tokyo レフィルム was used.
21. Polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film
A polyethylene-vinyl acetate film extruded through a T die was used by supplying 50 parts by mass of pellets of polyethylene-vinyl acetate (vinyl acetate content: 5% by mass) and 50 parts by mass of polyethylene base particles (titanium dioxide content: 30% by mass relative to the total amount of the base particles) in which 30% by mass of titanium dioxide having a number average secondary particle size of 0.25 μm as inorganic particles was dispersed to an extruder heated to a temperature of 190 ℃.
22. Polypropylene film
A white polypropylene film "B011W" manufactured by Tokyo レフィルム was used.
PVF membranes
"テドラー" (registered trademark) manufactured by デュポン corporation was used.
PVDF membrane
"カイナー" (registered trademark) manufactured by アルケマ corporation was used.
ETFE membrane
"ネオフロン" (registered trademark) EF series manufactured by ダイキン industrial (ltd.) was used.
26. Carbamate coating paint (paint a, paint b)
As the preparation of coating agent a, titanium oxide particles JR-709 (manufactured by テイカ Co., Ltd.) of a coloring pigment and a solvent were mixed together in UV-G301 (solid content concentration: 40 mass%) which is an acrylic coating agent manufactured by Japan catalyst (manufactured by Ltd.) by blending as shown in the column of main agent in Table 9, and these mixture was dispersed by using a bead mill. Then, polyester plasticizer "ポリサイザー" (registered trademark) W-220EL manufactured by DIC was added as a plasticizer to obtain a base paint a for forming a resin layer having a solid content of 51 mass%.
In the base compound obtained as described above, "デスモジュール" (registered trademark) N3300 (solid content concentration: 100 mass%) manufactured by registered バイエルウレタン strain of urea-based (nurate) type 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate resin shown in table 10 was blended in advance in such an amount that the mass ratio to the resin layer-forming base compound became 100/4, and N-propyl acetate, a diluent shown in table 9 and calculated in advance so that the solid content concentration became 20 mass%, was further measured and stirred for 15 minutes to obtain a coating agent a having a solid content concentration of 20 mass%.
As the preparation of coating agent b, a quantity of "タケネート" (registered trademark) D120N manufactured by Mitsui chemical Co., Ltd., hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate shown in Table 11 and "ゼッフル" (registered trademark) GK570 manufactured by ダイキン Industrial Co., Ltd., in which the mass ratio to the above resin layer-forming base material was 65/12 was previously calculated, and n-butyl acetate, a diluent shown in Table 10 and calculated in advance so that the solid content concentration became 20 mass% was measured and stirred for 15 minutes, thereby obtaining coating agent b having a solid content concentration of 20 mass%.
27. Inorganic compound film
"テックバリア" (registered trademark) LX manufactured by Mitsubishi chemical corporation was used.
28. Polyester film
As the polyester film, "ルミラー" (registered trademark) MX11 manufactured by east レ (ltd.) was used.
29. Adhesive for lamination (coating agent c)
As the adhesive for lamination, 36 parts by mass of dry laminate "ディックドライ" (registered trademark) TAF-300 manufactured by DIC (co) and 3 parts by mass of TAF ハードナー AH-3 manufactured by DIC (co) and containing 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate resin as a main component as a curing agent, and 30 parts by mass of ethyl acetate were measured and stirred for 15 minutes to obtain coating agent c as an adhesive for lamination having a solid content concentration of 30 mass%.
(example 1)
77.5 parts by mass of a PET raw material A (PET-a) having been vacuum-dried at 180 ℃ for 2 hours and 22.5 parts by mass of a cavity nucleating agent mother particle A as raw materials constituting the P1 layer were mixed so as to have the composition shown in Table 1, while 72 parts by mass of the PET raw material A (PET-a) having been vacuum-dried at 180 ℃ for 2 hours and 28 parts by mass of a titanium oxide mother particle as raw materials constituting the P2 layer were mixed and melted and discharged in 2 separate extruders having a temperature of up to 280 ℃ respectively, and then they were combined by a feed block so as to be laminated as P2/P1/P2 and then coextruded with a T die. Next, the coextruded molten sheet was cooled and solidified by electrostatic application on a drum kept at a surface temperature of 50 ℃. Subsequently, the unstretched sheet was preheated by a roller set heated to a temperature of 80 ℃, then stretched 3 times in the longitudinal direction (machine direction) with a speed difference of 3 times between a roller heated to a temperature of 88 ℃ and a roller adjusted to a temperature of 25 ℃, and then cooled by a roller set heated to a temperature of 25 ℃, to obtain a uniaxially stretched sheet. Subsequently, both ends of the obtained uniaxially stretched sheet were introduced into a preheating zone at a temperature of 80 ℃ in a tenter while being held by clips, and then continuously stretched in a direction (width direction) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction by a factor of 3.5 in a heating zone maintained at 90 ℃. Further, the polyester film was formed by performing a heat treatment at 220 ℃ for 20 seconds in a heat treatment zone in a tenter, and further performing a relaxation treatment in the 4% width direction while uniformly and slowly cooling the film.
The discharge amount of the extruder was adjusted so that the lamination ratio (P2: P1: P2) of the polyester film formed by the above method was 1:13:1, and the line speed was adjusted so that the entire thickness became 150 μm, to obtain the film for a solar battery back sheet of example 1.
The porosity of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and as a result, the porosity was 21% in the whole, Ps and Ps 'in the porosity of the surface layer were 2.5%, and the void area ratios were confirmed, and as a result, both (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were 3.5. Further, the polymer characteristics were measured, and as a result, the intrinsic viscosity IV was 0.70dl/g, the amount of the terminal carboxyl group was 14 equivalents/ton, and Mn was 69ppm, Sb was 241ppm, and Na was 29ppm were contained as the metal elements.
Further, as a result of evaluating the characteristics of the obtained film for a solar cell back sheet, it was found that the film for a solar cell back sheet had very excellent adhesion, moist heat resistance, ultraviolet resistance and thermal conductivity. Further, as a result of evaluating the characteristics of the solar cell, it was found that the solar cell had very excellent output improvement properties and adhesion.
(examples 2 to 11)
Films for solar cell back sheets were obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the amounts of the cavity nucleating agent base particles and the cavity nucleating agent base particles G to I were used, or titanium oxide base particles used for the P2 layer were mixed in the P1 layer, and the composition of the P1 layer was changed as shown in table 1.
The void area ratio of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and the results are shown in table 2, in which (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') varied depending on the amount, kind, and dispersion aid of the void nucleating agent. Specifically, in examples 2, 4 to 6 in which the amount of the cavity nucleating agent increased and the kind of the dispersion aid increased, the cavity area ratio was smaller than that in example 1. On the other hand, it was confirmed that in examples 3, 7 to 9 in which polymethylpentene was used as the kind of the void nucleating agent, or the amount of the void nucleating agent was small and the dispersion aid was not contained, the void area ratio was larger than that in example 1. It was also confirmed that in examples 10 and 11 in which the inorganic particles were added to the P1 layer, the void area ratio was slightly smaller than that in example 1.
As a result of evaluating the characteristics of the obtained film for a solar cell back sheet, it was found that the adhesion and thermal conductivity were partially inferior to those of example 1, but the range was good as shown in table 2.
Further, as a result of evaluating the characteristics of the solar cell, it was found that the output improvement property was lowered with an increase in the cavity area ratio as compared with example 1, but the range was good together with the adhesiveness.
(examples 12 to 16)
Films for solar cell back sheets were obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the PET resin as the main component of the P1 layer and the P2 layer was changed to PET-b to f as shown in table 3.
The void area ratio of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and the results are shown in table 4, where (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') are the same as in example 1. Further, as a result of measuring the polymer properties, the intrinsic viscosity IV and the amount of the terminal carboxyl group were changed in examples 12 to 15, and the kind and content of the metal element contained were changed in example 16.
As a result of evaluating the characteristics of the obtained film for a solar cell back sheet, it was found that examples 12 to 15 had a good range of adhesion, although being inferior to example 1, as shown in table 4. Further, the moist heat resistance is lowered with a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity IV and an increase in the amount of the terminal carboxyl group. It is also found that the thermal conductivity is excellent as in example 1.
Further, as a result of evaluating the solar cell characteristics, it was found that the output improvement property was lowered with an increase in the amount of the terminal carboxyl group as compared with example 1, but the range was good together with the adhesion. In example 16, even though the intrinsic viscosity and the amount of the terminal carboxyl group were the same as in example 1, the adhesion of the solar cell back sheet, the output improvement of the solar cell, and the adhesion were poor, but they were in a good range.
(examples 17 to 25)
A film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the lamination ratio, the film composition, the amount of inorganic particles in the P2 layer, and the casting temperature of the solar cell back sheet were changed as shown in table 3.
As a result of confirming the void area ratio of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet, as shown in table 4, (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were all smaller in example 25 than in example 1. The polymer properties were the same as in example 1.
As a result of evaluating the characteristics of the solar cell backsheet, it was found that, as shown in table 4, in examples 17 to 23, when the thickness of the P1 layer was T1(μm), the thickness of the P2 layer was T2(μm), and the concentration of the inorganic particles contained in the resin composition constituting the P2 layer was W2 (mass%), the greater the (T1/T2) × W2 was, the better the adhesion was, compared with example 1, and the ultraviolet resistance decreased with the decrease in the concentration of the inorganic particles in the P2 layer, the thermal conductivity was excellent as in example 1, and as a result of evaluating the characteristics of the solar cell, the smaller the (T1/T2) × W2 was, the better the output improvement property was, the greater the (T1/T2) × W2 was, the adhesion was, but the better the adhesion was, and the excellent the adhesion was found to be in the case of the solar cell backsheet, but the excellent the adhesion was found to be in the case of the example 1.
(example 26)
As shown in table 3, a film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the film was a P1 layer single film and inorganic particles were added to the P1 layer at a high concentration.
The void area ratio of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and as a result, (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were both smaller than those of example 1, as shown in table 4. Further, the amount of terminal carboxyl groups was larger than that in example 1 with respect to the polymer characteristics.
As a result of evaluating the characteristics of the obtained film for a solar cell back sheet, it was found that the film for a solar cell back sheet had a good range of thermal conductivity as in example 1, although the film had poor adhesion as compared with example 1. It is found that the output improvement and the adhesion are poor in the evaluation of the solar cell characteristics, but the range is good. In addition, it was found that the void nucleating agent was attached to the engineering roll in the film formation in the same manner as in example 25.
(example 27)
A film for a solar battery back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 3, except that barium sulfate base pellets were used as the inorganic particles of the P2 layer, and the discharge amount of the extruder was adjusted so that the lamination ratio (P2: P1: P2) of the polyester film was 1:1: 1. The void area ratio of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and as a result, (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were both smaller than those of example 3, as shown in table 4.
As a result of evaluating the characteristics of the obtained film for a solar cell back sheet, it was found that the film was inferior to example 3 but had good adhesion. The thermal conductivity was excellent as in example 1. Further, as a result of evaluating the solar cell characteristics, it was found that the solar cell was inferior to that of example 3, but had good adhesion and was within a range that had no problem with respect to the output improvement.
(example 28)
A film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the PET resin as the main component of the P1 layer and the P2 layer was changed to PET-g as shown in table 3.
The void area ratios of the obtained films for solar battery back sheets were confirmed, and as a result, (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were about the same as those of example 1. Further, the polymer properties were measured, and the results are shown in the table, in which the intrinsic viscosity IV and the amount of the terminal carboxyl group were changed.
As a result of evaluating the characteristics of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet, it was found that the adhesion was good as shown in the table. The moist heat resistance is slightly lowered with a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity IV and an increase in the amount of the terminal carboxyl group, but is within a range not problematic. It is also found that the thermal conductivity is excellent as in example 1.
Further, as a result of evaluating the solar cell characteristics, it was found that the output improvement property was slightly lowered with an increase in the amount of the terminal carboxyl group as compared with example 1, but the range was good together with the adhesiveness, as shown in the table.
(examples 29 to 31)
A film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the linear velocity was changed during film formation and the entire thickness of the film was changed as shown in table 3.
The void area ratios of the obtained films for solar battery back sheets were confirmed, and the results (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were about the same as those of example 1.
As a result of evaluating the characteristics of the obtained film for a solar cell back sheet, it was found that the adhesion was slightly lowered for a film having a small thickness as shown in table 4. It is also understood that the thermal conductivity is slightly lower than that of example 1, but is in a favorable range.
Further, as a result of evaluating the solar cell characteristics, it was found that the adhesion of the solar cell was slightly reduced with a decrease in the film thickness as shown in the table. It is also found that the output improvement performance is slightly lower than that of example 1, but is in a good range.
(examples 32 to 44)
On one surface of the P2 layer of the film for a solar battery back sheet obtained in example 1, a coating material c prepared as an adhesive for lamination was applied using a wire bar, and dried at 80 ℃ for 45 seconds to form an adhesive layer for lamination so that the thickness of the coating film after drying became 5.0 μm.
Next, the functional layer B shown in table 5 was laminated on the adhesive layer, and aged at 40 ℃ for 3 days to prepare a solar cell back sheet. The obtained solar cell backsheet is excellent in adhesion, moist heat resistance, ultraviolet resistance, and at least one of young's modulus, curl height, and water vapor barrier property. In addition, the solar cell characteristics are excellent.
(examples 45 to 49)
In the same manner as in examples 32 to 44, functional layer B shown in table 6 was laminated on the adhesive layer, and aged at 40 ℃ for 3 days to prepare a solar cell back sheet. The solar cell back sheets obtained in examples 45 to 49 were excellent in adhesion, moist heat resistance and ultraviolet ray resistance, and increased in Young's modulus and curl height, but were excellent in water vapor barrier property. In addition, the solar cell characteristics are excellent.
(examples 50 to 53)
On one surface of the P2 layer of the film for a solar cell back sheet obtained in example 1, paint a and paint B were applied using a wire bar in accordance with table 6 so that the thickness of the dried functional layer B became the thickness shown in table 6, and dried at a temperature of 100 ℃ for 60 seconds to produce a film for a solar cell back sheet (in examples 50 to 53, the void ratio, (Sc/Scs), (Sc/Scs') were determined based on a laminated film including the functional layer B). The obtained film for a solar cell back sheet was used as a solar cell back sheet to perform evaluation, and as a result, both the back sheet characteristics and the solar cell characteristics were excellent.
Examples 54 and 55
On one surface of the P2 layer of the film for a solar battery back sheet obtained in example 1, a coating material c prepared as an adhesive for lamination was applied using a wire bar, and dried at 80 ℃ for 45 seconds to form an adhesive layer for lamination so that the thickness of the coating film after drying became 5.0 μm.
Next, the functional layer B' shown in Table 6 was laminated on the adhesive layer and aged at a temperature of 40 ℃ for 3 days. Further, a coating material c prepared as an adhesive for lamination was applied to the other P2 layer on which the functional layer B' was not laminated, using a wire bar, and dried at 80 ℃ for 45 seconds to form an adhesive layer for lamination so that the thickness of the coating film after drying became 5.0 μm. Functional layer B shown in table 6 was laminated on the laminating adhesive layer, and aged at 40 ℃ for 3 days to prepare a solar cell back sheet. The solar cell back sheets obtained in examples 54 and 55 were excellent in adhesion, moist heat resistance, and ultraviolet ray resistance, and were excellent in young's modulus, curl height, and water vapor barrier property. In addition, the solar cell characteristics are excellent.
(example 56)
On one surface of the P2 layer of the film for a solar cell back sheet obtained in example 1, paint a was applied using a wire bar in accordance with table 6 so that the thickness of the functional layer B after drying became the thickness shown in table 6, and dried at a temperature of 100 ℃ for 60 seconds, to obtain a film for a solar cell back sheet having the functional layer B. Further, a coating material c prepared as an adhesive for lamination was applied to the P2 layer on the side where the functional layer B was not laminated, using a wire bar, and dried at 80 ℃ for 45 seconds to form an adhesive layer for lamination so that the thickness of the coating film after drying became 5.0 μm. The functional layer B' shown in table 6 was laminated on the laminating adhesive layer, and aged at 40 ℃ for 3 days to prepare a solar cell back sheet. The solar cell back sheet obtained in example 56 had a large young's modulus and a large curl height, but had excellent water vapor barrier properties. In addition, the solar cell characteristics are also excellent.
Comparative example 1
A film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the amount of the void nucleation agent in the P1 layer was 3 mass%.
The porosity of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and as a result, the porosity of the entire film was found to be 9%, which was out of the range of the present invention.
It is further understood that the film for a solar cell back sheet obtained in comparative example 1 is a solar cell back sheet having poor adhesion and thermal conductivity. Further, it is also known that the solar cell characteristics are poor in the output improvement property and the adhesion property.
Comparative examples 2 to 6
A film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the amount of the cavity-nucleating agent base particles and the cavity-nucleating agent base particles G to J were used so that the composition of the P1 layer was as shown in the table, or barium sulfate base particles were used so that barium sulfate particles were used as the cavity-nucleating agent in the P1 layer.
The void area ratio of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and as a result, (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were found to be out of the range of the present invention.
Further, it is understood that the films for solar battery back sheets obtained in comparative examples 1 to 4 are solar battery back sheets having poor adhesion. It is understood that comparative example 6 is a solar cell backsheet having poor thermal conductivity. Further, it is also known that the solar cell characteristics are poor in at least one of the output improvement property and the adhesion.
Comparative example 7
A film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the discharge amount of the extruder was adjusted so that the lamination ratio of the polyester film (P2: P1: P2) was 1:1: 1.
The obtained film for a solar cell back sheet was found to have no voids on the horizontal line passing through the points C2-1 and C2-2.
Further, the film for a solar battery back sheet is a solar battery back sheet having poor adhesion and poor thermal conductivity. Further, it is also known that the solar cell characteristics are poor in the output improvement property and the adhesion property.
Comparative example 8
A film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the PET resin as the main component of the P1 layer and the P2 layer was changed to PET-h.
The void area ratio of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and the results (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were the same as in example 1, but the polymer characteristics were measured, and as a result, the amount of terminal carboxyl groups was reduced to 40 equivalents/ton.
Further, the film for a solar cell back sheet obtained in comparative example 8 was a solar cell back sheet having poor adhesion and moist heat resistance. Further, it is also known that the solar cell characteristics are poor in both the output enhancement property and the adhesion.
Comparative example 9
A film for a solar cell back sheet was obtained in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that an unstretched sheet obtained by extrusion and cooling from a T die in a single film structure of P1 layers at the time of film formation was preheated by a roll set heated to a temperature of 70 ℃, then heated at an output of 50W/cm for 0.72 seconds by an infrared heater provided at a position 15mm from both surfaces of the sheet, and stretched 3 times in the longitudinal direction (machine direction).
The void area ratio of the obtained film for a solar battery back sheet was confirmed, and as a result, unlike comparative example 2, variation was observed in the void area in the thickness direction. However, the average area per 1 cavity became small in the range of 10 μm from the surface of the film to the depth, and the average area per 1 cavity was not different at a depth of 25 to 75% of the entire thickness of the film, and the values (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') were 1.0.
It is understood that the film for a solar cell back sheet obtained in comparative example 9 is a solar cell back sheet having poor adhesion as in comparative example 2. Further, it is also known that the solar cell characteristics are poor in both the output enhancement property and the adhesion.
Comparative example 10
A solar cell backsheet was produced by stacking the functional layers B shown in table 9 and aging the same at 40 ℃ for 3 days in the same manner as in example 32 except that the film of comparative example 6 was used as the film for a solar cell backsheet. The obtained solar cell back sheet has a difference in young's modulus and crimp height. Further, the solar cell characteristics were those in which the adhesion was improved as compared with comparative example 6, but the output improvement was poor.
Comparative example 11
A solar cell backsheet was produced by stacking the functional layers B shown in table 9 and aging the same at 40 ℃ for 3 days in the same manner as in example 42 except that the film of comparative example 6 was used as the film for a solar cell backsheet. The obtained solar cell back sheet has a difference in young's modulus and crimp height. The solar cell characteristics are poor in adhesion and output improvement.
[ Table 1]
[ Table 2]
[ Table 3]
[ Table 4]
[ Table 5]
[ Table 6]
[ Table 7]
[ Table 8]
[ Table 9]
[ Table 10]
[ Table 11]
Industrial applicability
By mounting the film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention as a solar cell back sheet on a solar cell, adhesion to the solar cell back sheet can be maintained and power generation efficiency can be further improved even when the film is left outdoors for a long period of time as compared with a conventional solar cell. The solar cell of the present invention is not limited to outdoor use such as a solar photovoltaic system and a power source for small electronic components, and indoor use, and can be suitably used for various applications.
Description of the symbols
1: solar cell back sheet
2: sealing material
3: power generating element
4: transparent substrate
5: surface of solar cell back sheet on the side of sealing material 2
6: the surface opposite to the sealing material 2 of the solar cell back sheet
7: thickness direction of film
8: direction of film surface
9: center point in film thickness direction and center point of film surface (point C2-1)
10: film thickness direction center point (C1 point)
11: center point of film thickness direction and center point of film surface (point C2-2)
12: segmentation horizontal line passing through point C2-1
13: segmentation horizontal line passing through point C1
14: segmentation horizontal line passing through point C2-2
15: hollow spaces
16: functional layer B
17: film for solar cell back sheet
18: functional layer B'
19: and (7) bonding the layers.
Claims (14)
1. A film for a solar cell back sheet, which is a polyester film containing voids,
the porosity of the whole film is 10% or more,
in a cross section of the polyester film in the thickness direction,
a line perpendicular to the plane direction is drawn from one surface of the film to the other surface, the line connecting the one surface to the other surface is divided into 4 equal parts in the thickness direction by 3 points, and a division horizontal line parallel to the plane direction of the film is drawn through the 3 points, wherein the 3 points are a film thickness direction center point C1 point, a film thickness direction center point C2-1 point, and a film surface center point C2-2 point,
the average area per 1 cavity on a horizontal line divided by C1 is Sc (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-1 point was Scs (μm)2) The average area of each 1 cavity existing on the division horizontal line passing through the C2-2 point was Scs' (μm)2) Both (Sc/Scs) and (Sc/Scs') are 1.1 to 35 inclusive, the amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the polyester resin constituting the polyester film is 35 equivalents/ton or less,
further, (Sc/Scs), (Sc/Scs') were determined as the average values of values obtained from the thickness direction cross section of the film in which the film was cut parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film and the thickness direction cross section of the film in which the film was cut parallel to the width direction of the film at any 5 points of the polyester film.
2. The film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the entire thickness of the polyester film is 45 μm or more.
3. The film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polyester film has a laminated structure of 3 or more layers, the resin composition constituting at least one of the resin compositions of the two surface layers contains inorganic particles, and the layer having no surface layer contains voids, wherein one surface layer is a P2 layer, the other surface layer is a P2' layer, and the layer having no surface layer is a P1 layer.
4. The film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 3, wherein when the thickness of the P1 layer is T1(μm), the thickness of the P2 layer is T2(μm), the thickness of the P2 'layer is T2' (μm), the concentration of inorganic particles contained in the resin composition constituting the P2 layer is W2 (mass%), and the concentration of inorganic particles contained in the resin composition constituting the P2 'layer is W2' (mass%),
at least one of (T1/T2) × W2 and (T1/T2 ') × W2' is 0.35-1.50.
5. The film for a solar cell back sheet according to claim 3, wherein when the thickness of the P1 layer is T1(μm), the thickness of the P2 layer is T2(μm), and the thickness of the P2 'layer is T2' (μm), T1/(T1+ T2+ T2 ') is 0.6 or more and 0.99 or less, and T2/(T1+ T2+ T2') and T2 '/(T1 + T2+ T2') are 0.01 or more and 0.2 or less.
6. The film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 3, wherein the porosity Ps of the P2 layer and the porosity Ps 'of the P2' layer are 5.0% or less.
7. The film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1 or 2, having a thermal conductivity of 0.9W/m-K or less.
8. A solar cell back sheet comprising the film for a solar cell back sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and at least 1 or more functional layers, wherein the film for a solar cell back sheet has a Young's modulus of 4.0GPa or less, and the solar cell back sheet has a Young's modulus of 4.0GPa or less.
9. The solar cell backsheet according to claim 8, the functional layer comprising at least one selected from the following group 1, or a combination of more,
group 1: polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
10. The solar cell backsheet according to claim 8, the functional layer comprising at least one selected from the following group 2, or a combination of more,
group 2: polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), poly-1, 1-difluoroethylene (PVDF), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP).
11. The solar cell backsheet of claim 8, the functional layer comprising polyurethane.
12. The solar cell backsheet according to claim 8, the functional layer comprising an inorganic compound.
13. The solar cell back sheet according to claim 8, wherein the functional layer comprises polyester, and the film for a solar cell back sheet and the functional layer are laminated via an adhesive layer.
14. A solar cell using the film for a solar cell back sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the solar cell back sheet according to any one of claims 8 to 13.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015107210 | 2015-05-27 | ||
| JP2015-107210 | 2015-05-27 | ||
| PCT/JP2016/064417 WO2016190146A1 (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-05-16 | Film for solar-cell back sheet, solar-cell back sheet including same, and solar cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107534067A CN107534067A (en) | 2018-01-02 |
| CN107534067B true CN107534067B (en) | 2020-07-07 |
Family
ID=57393281
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680023781.3A Active CN107534067B (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-05-16 | Film for solar cell back sheet, and solar cell |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6743698B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20180013845A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107534067B (en) |
| TW (1) | TW201705509A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016190146A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017110618A1 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Resin sheet, method for manufacturing resin sheet, and method for manufacturing multilayer resin substrate |
| JP7060921B2 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2022-04-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | Electrophotographic photosensitive members, process cartridges and electrophotographic equipment |
| CN107553999A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-09 | 乐凯胶片股份有限公司 | A kind of PET sheet and its application |
| WO2019244313A1 (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Data processing device, data processing method, and method for manufacturing solar cell module |
| CN110079223A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-02 | 王崧 | It is a kind of it is high adherency, low permeable photovoltaic cell component packaging EVA adhesive film |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002100788A (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-05 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | Back sheet for solar battery cover material, and solar battery module using the same |
| CN102569451A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-07-11 | 苏州尚善新材料科技有限公司 | Solar module back veneer comprising non-solvent bonding layers and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2012253203A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-20 | Toray Advanced Film Co Ltd | Rear surface protective sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module using the same |
| JP2013235219A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-21 | Toray Ind Inc | Laminated polyester film |
| CN103493219A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2014-01-01 | 阿肯马法国公司 | Bilayer film for a photovoltaic module |
| JP2014058154A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2014-04-03 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Gas barrier film and protective sheet for solar battery module |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003139926A (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-14 | Toray Ind Inc | Optical reflection film and backlight device for image display using the same |
| JP2014162107A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-09-08 | Fujifilm Corp | White multilayer polyester film, laminated film, back sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module |
-
2016
- 2016-05-16 JP JP2016537583A patent/JP6743698B2/en active Active
- 2016-05-16 KR KR1020177026257A patent/KR20180013845A/en unknown
- 2016-05-16 CN CN201680023781.3A patent/CN107534067B/en active Active
- 2016-05-16 WO PCT/JP2016/064417 patent/WO2016190146A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-05-25 TW TW105116258A patent/TW201705509A/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002100788A (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-05 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | Back sheet for solar battery cover material, and solar battery module using the same |
| CN102569451A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-07-11 | 苏州尚善新材料科技有限公司 | Solar module back veneer comprising non-solvent bonding layers and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103493219A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2014-01-01 | 阿肯马法国公司 | Bilayer film for a photovoltaic module |
| JP2012253203A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-20 | Toray Advanced Film Co Ltd | Rear surface protective sheet for solar cell module and solar cell module using the same |
| JP2013235219A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-21 | Toray Ind Inc | Laminated polyester film |
| JP2014058154A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2014-04-03 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Gas barrier film and protective sheet for solar battery module |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201705509A (en) | 2017-02-01 |
| CN107534067A (en) | 2018-01-02 |
| JPWO2016190146A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
| JP6743698B2 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
| WO2016190146A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
| KR20180013845A (en) | 2018-02-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107534067B (en) | Film for solar cell back sheet, and solar cell | |
| TWI438089B (en) | Polyester film, solar cell back sheet using the same, solar cell, and manufacturing methods of the same | |
| KR101727766B1 (en) | Biaxially oriented polyester film | |
| JP6051868B2 (en) | Laminated sheet and method for producing the same | |
| US9660119B2 (en) | Polyester film, method for producing the same, back sheet for solar cell, and solar cell module | |
| EP2365029A2 (en) | Polyester resin composition, method of producing the same, polyester film, and solar cell power generation module | |
| JP2014075508A (en) | Sheet for solar cell back protection | |
| JP5710140B2 (en) | Polyester film and method for producing the same, solar cell backsheet, and solar cell module | |
| WO2016052133A1 (en) | Layered product | |
| JP5505018B2 (en) | Polyester film, solar cell backsheet using the same, and reflector for LED light source. | |
| WO2018034117A1 (en) | Laminate, solar cell rear surface protection sheet using same, and solar cell module | |
| JP2018125525A (en) | Polyester film for solar battery back sheet, and method for manufacturing polyester film roll for solar battery back sheet, which is formed by winding up polyester film for solar battery back sheet | |
| JP2017212438A (en) | Back sheet for solar battery module and solar battery module | |
| JP2018026376A (en) | Sheet for solar battery module and solar battery module | |
| JP5738539B2 (en) | Production method of polyester resin | |
| WO2015098520A1 (en) | Sheet for solar cell backside protection | |
| JP2015188015A (en) | Laminate polyester film for solar battery backside protection, solar battery backside protective sheet, and solar battery module | |
| JP5694092B2 (en) | Polyester film and method for producing the same, solar cell backsheet and solar cell module | |
| JP2018083873A (en) | Polyester film, and solar cell back sheet and solar cell comprising the same | |
| JP2018116993A (en) | Rear surface protective sheet for solar cell module | |
| JP2018088508A (en) | Solar cell back sheet, solar cell module, and manufacturing method for solar cell module | |
| JP2019137842A (en) | Polyester film, solar cell back sheet using the same and solar cell | |
| JP2016076537A (en) | Sheet for solar battery backside protection and method for manufacturing the same | |
| JP2018202866A (en) | Laminated polyester film | |
| JP2014231147A (en) | Solar cell rear surface protective sheet |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |