CN107532868B - 热交换器的罐构造及其制造方法 - Google Patents

热交换器的罐构造及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN107532868B
CN107532868B CN201680028243.3A CN201680028243A CN107532868B CN 107532868 B CN107532868 B CN 107532868B CN 201680028243 A CN201680028243 A CN 201680028243A CN 107532868 B CN107532868 B CN 107532868B
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tank
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CN107532868A (zh
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高濑正明
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T Rad Co Ltd
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Toyo Radiator Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F28D1/0435—Combination of units extending one behind the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0243—Header boxes having a circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F28F9/262—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators
    • F28F9/268—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators by permanent joints, e.g. by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2220/00—Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0236—Header boxes; End plates floating elements
    • F28F9/0239—Header boxes; End plates floating elements floating header boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes

Abstract

本发明提供热交换器的罐构造及其制造方法。提供如下的罐构造，将在芯体(3)的两端具有小罐(4)的单元(5)在芯体的厚度方向上重叠，当经由集管罐(8)朝单元(5)的管(2)供给油时，即便油的流速分布在各管(2)中不同，整体上的热交换量也变高。将单元(5)的小罐(4)的各开口(7)的位置以在小罐(4)的轴线方向上相互不同的方式配置。

Description

热交换器的罐构造及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在将多个热交换器沿着其厚度方向并排的结构中，在整体上提高热交换性能。
背景技术
在下述专利文献1中，单元组装型的热交换器分别将翅片与管交替地并排而形成芯体，在该芯体的上下配置一对罐，并且在各罐的中央设置热交换介质的流入口。
图6是专利文献1的单元组装型热交换器的分解立体图，在上下一对小罐4插通固定管2的两端，在小罐4的长度方向中央配置连接托架13。各连接托架13相互经由O型环15以及螺栓17紧固而形成为一体。并且，从设置于最前列的连接托架13的管道16供给作为热交换介质的油，并将该油供给至各单元的各个管2内。
而且，本发明者已经申请了日本特愿2014-009616的工程机械用高耐压油冷却器。在该发明中，将一对芯体沿着其厚度方向并排，并且，将各芯体的偏平管插通于U字槽状的罐主体，并利用盖构件封堵其开口部，且利用端盖封堵两端部。并且，在各罐的长度方向中央形成开口部，通过焊接将该开口部与集管的开口接合。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2003-75092号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
在专利文献1所记载的发明中，在各单元的小罐4的中央位置存在热交换介质的入口，从该入口朝各管供给油。于是，利用位于接近小罐4的开口的位置的管流入大量的油，该管内的油的流速比远离开口的管内的油的流速快。因此，产生各单元的偏平管内的油的流速密度的偏差。
在上述各偏平管的外周流通冷却用的空气流。此时，当将空气朝油流速快的部分供给时，在该部分最先进行热交换，冷却风变为高温。将该变为高温的冷却风朝风下侧的单元的油流速快的位置供给。因此，在芯体的中央部分处的热交换量与芯体的两端部处的热交换量之间产生差异，整体上的热交换效率变差。
因此，本发明的课题在于，在各单元的各部分处综合性地使热交换均匀，从而增大整体上的热交换量。与此相伴，课题在于经由集管罐朝各单元的小罐4分配热交换介质，并使得其连接容易。
用于解决课题的方案
技术方案1所记载的本发明提供一种热交换器的罐构造，其特征在于，
分别将翅片1与管2交替地并排而形成芯体3，
在芯体3的两端配置小罐4以供各管2的两端插通，由此构成单元5，
多个相同形状的单元5在其厚度方向上重叠并排，
热交换介质经由各小罐4朝各芯体3的各管2供给，空气流以与各芯体3的平面交叉的方式被引导，
各小罐4以及与各小罐4连结的集管罐8由管材构成，
在各小罐4的与所述芯体3相反侧的位置形成有开口7，
邻接的第一小罐4的开口7与第二小罐4的开口7在各小罐4的长度方向上配置在不同的位置，并且，在所述集管罐8形成多个连接口9，以使该多个连接口9与各小罐4的各开口7匹配，
所述集管罐8的各连接口9与各小罐4的开口7通过短管6连结。
技术方案2所记载的本发明为热交换器的罐构造，在技术方案1所记载的热交换器的罐构造的基础上，
所述单元5并排有两个以上，邻接的单元5的各小罐4的开口7相互在各小罐4的长度方向上配置在不同的位置。
技术方案3所记载的本发明为热交换器的罐构造，在技术方案2所记载的热交换器的罐构造的基础上，
在与各小罐4的轴线倾斜交叉的一条直线上配置各小罐4的开口7，在与集管罐8的轴线平行的一条直线上的外表面设置有与所述各开口7匹配的连接口9。
技术方案4所记载的本发明为热交换器的罐构造，在技术方案2所记载的热交换器的罐构造的基础上，
各小罐4的各开口7在俯视观察下交错地配置。
技术方案5所记载的本发明为技术方案1～技术方案4的任一个的热交换器的罐的制造方法，
所述热交换器的罐的制造方法具备如下工序：
对各芯体3与小罐4进行钎焊来制造各单元5；以及
通过焊接将各单元5的小罐4的开口7与集管罐8的各连接口9经由短管6连接。
技术方案6所记载的本发明为热交换器的罐的制造方法，在技术方案5所记载的热交换器的罐的制造方法的基础上，
所述热交换器的罐的制造方法具备如下工序：
分别利用分成两部分的罐主体8a和上盖8b来构成所述集管罐8，并且在该罐主体8a形成多个所述连接口9；
经由短管6将所述罐主体8a的连接口9与各小罐4的开口7焊接固定；以及
接下来，对罐主体8a与上盖8b之间进行焊接。
发明効果
在本发明的罐构造中，邻接的第一小罐4的开口7与第二小罐4的开口7在其长度方向上配置在不同的位置。与此同时，在集管罐8形成多个连接口9，以使该多个连接口9与上述各开口7匹配，集管罐8的各连接口9与各小罐4的开口7通过短管6连结。
因此，各单元5的小罐4的出入口不同，与此相伴，在各单元5的各管2内流通的热交换介质的流速分布不同。即，小罐4的出入口附近的各管2的热交换介质的流速变快，随着远离出入口而流速降低。
然而，在上游侧与下游侧，各单元5的各管2的流速分布不同，因此，通过第一单元5的热交换介质的流速快的位置而变为更高温的空气流在与之邻接的第二单元5中通过热交换介质的流速慢的位置，整体上使各部的热交换量均匀，成为性能高的热交换器。
此外，在本发明的罐构造的制造方法中，在上述热交换器中，对各芯体3与小罐4进行钎焊，通过焊接将各单元5的小罐4的开口7与集管罐的各连接口9经由短管6连接。并且，邻接的第一小罐4的开口7与第二小罐4的开口7在其长度方向上配置在不同的位置，邻接的短管6彼此的间隔分离，当对其进行焊接时，不会相互干涉，能够容易地焊接各短管的两端。
如技术方案5所记载的发明那样，在分别由分成两部分的罐主体8a与上盖8b来构成集管罐8的情况下，能够更容易地制造热交换器的罐构造。
附图说明
图1是本发明的罐构造的分解立体图。
图2是示出该罐构造的组装状态的纵向剖视图、且是图3的II-II向视图。
图3是示出该罐构造的组装状态的立体图。
图4是本发明的第二实施例的热交换器的罐构造的分解立体图。
图5是本发明的第三实施例的热交换器的罐构造的立体图。
图6是现有型罐构造的立体图。
具体实施方式
(第一实施例的构造)
接下来，基于附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
图1～图3是本发明的第一实施例，图1是罐构造的主要部分的分解立体图，图2是示出其组装状态的主要部分的纵向剖视图，图3是其组装状态的立体图。在这些图中，分别仅示出罐构造的上部。省略的下部的罐构造优选形成为与上部相同的构造。
在该实施例中，将相同形状的三个单元5在其芯体3的厚度方向上层叠。该单元5的数量可以为两个，也可以为四个以上。各单元5将翅片1与管2交替地并排而形成芯体3，在芯体3的上下两端配置一对小罐4。并且，将各个管2的两端插通于小罐4。在该例子中，小罐4由管材以及配置于管材的两端的端盖10构成。
并且，在管材穿设多个偏平的管插通孔，在该管插通孔中插通偏平的管2。与此同时，在各小罐4的长度方向两端分别形成供侧梁14的端部插通的未图示的狭缝。
并且，在一对侧梁14的端部插通于各个小罐4的状态下，各部件间被一体地钎焊固定。需要说明的是，在该例子中，将一对侧梁14插通于三个小罐4，但也可以取而代之，将分别单独的侧梁14配置于各芯体3的两端。
将如此形成的各芯体3与侧梁14的组装体搬入到高温的炉内，并一体地钎焊固定。需要说明的是，在小罐4预先形成有开口7。如图1以及图3所示，该开口7以邻接的各单元5的小罐4的开口7在轴线方向上的位置不同的方式配置。在该例子中，该开口7配置在相对于各小罐4倾斜的一条直线上。
接着，在各开口7中插入短管6的一端，对短管6与小罐4的开口7之间进行焊接，形成焊接部12。并且，将各短管6的另一端焊接于集管罐8的连接口9。
在该例子中，在集管罐8的一端具有凸缘11，在另一端具有端盖10。此外，集管罐8由将管材在其直径线上分成两部分的罐主体8a与上盖8b构成，在该罐主体8a穿设有连接口9。连接口9的位置与短管6的各开口7的位置匹配。
并且，在将各短管6焊接于罐主体8a的连接口9之后，将上盖8b嵌合于罐主体8a的开口，在集管罐8的端部嵌合端盖10。并且，在这些构件的各接缝通过焊接而形成焊接部12，由此完成热交换器。
在该例子中，集管罐8由直线状的管材与弯曲的管材的结合体构成，在其弯曲管的端部焊接直线状的管材。
根据配管的方向，也可以省略弯曲的管材。
(本发明的第二实施例的构造)
接下来，图4是本发明的第二实施例，在该例子中，预先在集管罐8的各连接口9焊接短管6，之后，将小罐4的开口7与各短管6焊接在一起。需要说明的是，焊接顺序也可以与此相反。
(本发明的第三实施例的构造)
接下来，图5是本发明的第三实施例，在该例子中，各小罐4的开口7在俯视观察下呈交错状地配置。并且，经由与集管罐8连接的弯头状的短管6将集管罐8的各连接口9与各小罐4的开口7通过焊接连结。
在任一个实施例中都共通之处在于，邻接的小罐4的各开口7配置于在小罐4的轴线方向上不同的位置。需要说明的是，开口7在任一个小罐4中都在芯体3相反侧开口。通过像这样使邻接的小罐4的开口7在轴线方向上不同，当进行短管6与小罐4的焊接时，它们相互分离，因此，不会妨碍邻接的短管6，能够进行短管6的焊接。
(作用)
在这些实施例中，在各单元5的管2内经由集管罐8流通高温的油，在与各芯体3的平面正交的方向上游通空气流。并且，在该空气与油之间进行热交换。
此时，各管2内的油的流速越接近开口7越快，随着远离开口7而流速相对地变慢。通过开口7附近的管后的冷却风与油的热交换量比其他的位置的冷却风与油的热交换量大。
并且，下游侧的单元5的小罐4的开口7相对于位于冷却风的上游侧的单元5的小罐4的开口7在轴线方向上位置错开，因此，变为更高温的冷却风在下游侧通过流速慢的管2。
此外，在上游侧通过油的流速慢的管2、并通过空气流的热交换量的小管的温度比较低的空气流在下游侧通过流速快的管2。
因此，通过多个单元5后的最终的空气流在各部分处成为大致相等的温度，能够整体上增大热交换量。
工业实用性
在上述的实施例的热交换器中，对油冷却器进行了叙述，但本发明并不限定于此，也能够利用于发动机冷却水冷却用的散热器、中间冷却器。
附图标记说明：
1 翅片；
2 管；
3 芯体；
4 小罐；
5 单元；
6 短管；
7 开口；
8 集管罐；
8a 罐主体；
8b 上盖；
9 连接口；
10 端盖；
11 凸缘；
12 焊接部；
13 连接托架；
14 侧梁；
15 O型环；
16 管道；
17 螺栓。

Claims (6)

1.一种热交换器的罐构造，
分别将翅片(1)与管(2)交替地并排而形成芯体(3)，
在芯体(3)的两端配置小罐(4)以供各管(2)的两端插通，由此构成单元(5)，
多个相同形状的单元(5)在其厚度方向上重叠并排，
热交换介质经由各小罐(4)朝各芯体(3)的各管(2)供给，空气流以与各芯体(3)的平面交叉的方式被引导，
其特征在于，
各小罐(4)以及与各小罐(4)连结的集管罐(8)由管材构成，
在各小罐(4)的与所述芯体(3)相反侧的位置形成有开口(7)，
邻接的第一小罐(4)的开口(7)与第二小罐(4)的开口(7)在各小罐(4)的长度方向上配置在不同的位置，由此，空气流的上游侧的单元(5)的热交换介质的流速大的位置和空气流的下游侧的单元(5)的热交换介质的流速大的位置错开，并且，在所述集管罐(8)形成多个连接口(9)，以使该多个连接口(9)与各小罐(4)的各开口(7)匹配，
在所述集管罐(8)与各小罐(4)的轴线方向交叉的状态下，所述集管罐(8)的各连接口(9)与各小罐(4)的开口(7)通过短管(6)连结，从所述集管罐(8)向并排的各单元(5)的小罐(4)的开口(7)流通热交换介质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器的罐构造，其特征在于，
所述单元(5)并排有两个以上，邻接的单元(5)的各小罐(4)的开口(7)彼此在各小罐(4)的长度方向上配置在不同的位置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热交换器的罐构造，其特征在于，
在与各小罐(4)的轴线倾斜交叉的一条直线上配置各小罐(4)的开口(7)，在与集管罐(8)的轴线平行的一条直线上的外表面设置有与所述各开口(7)匹配的连接口(9)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的热交换器的罐构造，其特征在于，
各小罐(4)的各开口(7)在俯视观察下交错地配置。
5.一种热交换器的罐构造的制造方法，是权利要求1至4中任一项所述的热交换器的罐构造的制造方法，
其特征在于，
所述热交换器的罐构造的制造方法具备如下工序：
对各芯体(3)与小罐(4)进行钎焊来制造各单元(5)；以及
通过焊接将各单元(5)的小罐(4)的开口(7)与集管罐(8)的各连接口(9)经由短管(6)连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的热交换器的罐构造的制造方法，其特征在于，
所述热交换器的罐构造的制造方法具备如下工序：
分别利用分成两部分的罐主体(8a)与上盖(8b)构成所述集管罐(8)，并且在该罐主体(8a)形成多个所述连接口(9)；
经由短管(6)将所述罐主体(8a)的连接口(9)与各小罐(4)的开口(7)焊接固定；以及
接下来，对罐主体(8a)与上盖(8b)之间进行焊接。
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