CN107532032A - 地毯涂料组合物 - Google Patents
地毯涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107532032A CN107532032A CN201680021083.XA CN201680021083A CN107532032A CN 107532032 A CN107532032 A CN 107532032A CN 201680021083 A CN201680021083 A CN 201680021083A CN 107532032 A CN107532032 A CN 107532032A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- vinyl acetate
- vinyl
- carpet
- dispersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HDERJYVLTPVNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical group C=C.CC(=O)OC=C HDERJYVLTPVNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 11
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEYTXADIGVEHQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)NC(=O)C=C NEYTXADIGVEHQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XGGLLRJQCZROSE-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium iron(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGGLLRJQCZROSE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C09D131/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
本发明涉及将包含乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和乙酸乙烯酯‑乙烯共聚物的水分散体的混合物用于地毯涂料组合物中的方法,和相应的地毯涂料组合物,以及涂覆有所述地毯涂料组合物的地毯。
Description
本发明涉及包含乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体的混合物用于地毯涂料组合物中的用途、相应的地毯涂料组合物和涂覆有该地毯涂料组合物的地毯。
典型的可市购的地毯,例如连续片材产品或地毯砖,是通过将毛簇机械地插入(例如呈环的形式)编织或铺设的主衬里而形成地毯绒毯而制造。在簇状地毯中,但是片状主衬里松散地支撑着环,并且因此用含粘合剂的配制剂处理所述环以使未完成的地毯得以稳定。所述含粘合剂的配制剂在主衬的相反侧上以发泡或未发泡状态而进行预涂敷,并且除了作为粘合剂的聚合物水分散体之外,通常还包含填料,例如白垩,并且任选地还添加诸如增稠剂、分散助剂或发泡助剂的物质。
为了改善其尺寸稳定性,由此获得的地毯制品可以配有另外的第二层衬。该第二层衬通常包括制造纤维中的织物,例如聚丙烯、聚酰胺或聚酯,或天然纤维如黄麻。通过再次施加粘合剂而将所述第二层衬附着于预涂布的地毯上,该粘合剂的配方可以与用于预涂层的涂料相似。再次,在该第二层涂层中,作为泡沫或呈未发泡态而配制的上述水性聚合物分散体可以与填料和其它添加的物质一起施用以形成第二层涂层,其中所述其它物质诸如增稠剂、分散助剂或发泡助剂。
WO 90/00967A1描述了乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物或苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物的水分散体代替PVC增塑溶胶而作为粘合剂在地毯制造中的用途。美国专利US 3,779,799描述了簇绒地毯的制造,其中所用的预涂层包含粘合剂组合物,其中所述粘合剂是乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的分散体(VAE共聚物分散体)、聚乙烯分散体或羧化的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的分散体。US 4,239,563描述了可用作使地毯巩固的粘合剂的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物水分散体。强调了与苯乙烯-丁二烯网格相比,挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的排放量更低。美国专利4,735,986描述了一种地毯粘合剂,其包括乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物水分散体的组合物,其中所述分散体包含部分水解的PVOH、完全水解的PVOH和非离子型聚烷氧基化的乳化剂的稳定剂混合物。美国专利US 5,026,765描述了基于乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体的地毯涂料组合物,其中所述共聚物还含有其均聚物的玻璃化转变温度Tg至少50℃的的单体单元。英国专利GB1291555描述了基于包含乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯醇(PVOH)和乙二醛的含水可交联粘合剂的地毯涂料组合物。
WO 2010/089142 AI公开了在地毯生产中用作粘合剂的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体。该共聚物含有1-4重量%的乙烯,仅用乳化剂进行稳定,虽然若需要的话,可以共同使用少量的保护胶体。将乙酸乙烯酯均聚物作为对比粘合剂进行了测试。后者导致地毯具有过度的硬度,并且在180°下不令人满意的断裂。为了改善对聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材(作为第二层衬)的粘附性,WO 2006/007157A1提出使用还包含1-10重量%的含有官能团的共聚单体单元的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物,其中所述官能团例如羧基、酰胺基、N-羟甲基或羟烷基。该共聚物使用乳化剂和0.05-4重量%的保护胶体的混合物而制备。美国专利6,359,076提出通过一起使用交联剂、包含OH-官能单体单元的可交联乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物而改善地毯涂层的抗水性。WO 2011/139267 A1和WO 2011/140065 A2教导了基于乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的地毯涂料,其包含官能、可交联的共聚单体单元,例如硅烷官能或多官能的共聚单体,并且不是保护胶体而是乳化剂用于稳定目的。WO 2012/020319 A2或WO 2012/020321A2公开了以低易燃性或良好的可洗性而著名的地毯。所使用的粘合剂为平均粒径dw为50-500nm,通过在乳化剂稳定下的聚合而制备的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体,虽然若需要的话,可额外使用多至3%的保护胶体作为共稳定剂。WO 2013/093547 A2涉及将炭黑用作填料的具有优化组合物用作配制剂的地毯粘合剂。所使用的粘合剂为用乳化剂和纤维素醚稳定的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体。
WO 2013/123210A1涉及使用由乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体和苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物分散体而形成的粘合剂混合物所制造的地毯。改善各种聚合物分散体的相容性的建议包括在VAE分散体中避开聚乙烯醇,并且最多使用基于共聚单体高至1.5重量%的聚乙烯醇作为其制备中的保护胶体。WO 2014/031579 A2涉及地毯涂料组合物,其粘合剂可以包括乳化剂稳定的VAE分散体,若需要的话,还可含有高至1.5重量%的聚乙烯醇作为共稳定剂。这些分散体与α-烯烃-羧酸共聚物和交联剂进行共混。
需要进一步开发基于乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯粘合剂的性能以配制出性能均衡的地毯涂料组合物。在这方面的尝试的代表为WO 2013/123210 AI中已经参见的基于乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体和苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物分散体的粘合剂共混物。这种类型的共混物对于所使用的粘合剂混合物中的高绒毛提取值是显著的。然而,该乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体总含有乳化剂,其对填料相容性和机械强度,特别是抗脱层性具有不利影响。纯粹由保护胶体,例如用部分皂化的聚乙烯醇或改性和/或未改性的纤维素进行稳定的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体,相反而具有良好的填料相容性和高机械强度,但通常而言,它们与苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物分散体具有更低的相容性,并且当混合物中没有特定乳化剂中和/或进行大量稀释时,其具有凝结或粘度激增的倾向。
在第二层衬中将乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物用作粘合剂确实通过控制聚合物的玻璃化转变温度而控制了最终地毯的强度设置,但某些设置仍然是无法实现的。但是特别高的强度仍然难以实现,并且将粘合剂与最终产品的要求对准,而同时允许强度在宽范围内将导致产品在商业上无吸引力。因此,需要一种产品,其允许现成地毯的强度是用混合稳定的(乳化剂和保护胶体)或纯粹保护性胶体进行稳定的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物而建立,同时避免了增塑剂或成膜剂,并且改善了包含乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的第二层衬粘合剂的机械强度。
通过使用乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体和乙酸乙烯酯均聚物分散体的混合物,而令人惊讶地实现了这些要求,并且与不将混合物用作分散体相比,得到了令人惊讶的绒头抽出力和抗脱层性的协同增强效果。该涂料组合物令人惊讶且出人意料地使所述现成地毯具有特殊的强度,同时具有高的抗脱层性和高的绒毛抽出力。
本发明提供了包含乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体的混合物在地毯涂料组合物中的用途。
所述乙酸乙烯酯聚合物经由基于单体总重量为99-100重量%的乙酸乙烯酯和任选至多1重量%的其它共聚单体,在含水介质中的自由基引发的乳液聚合而获得,每种情况下,共聚单体重量%相加至多为100重量%。所述乙酸乙烯酯聚合物优选不含乙烯单元。更优选,除了乙酸乙烯酯之外,没有其它共聚单体参与聚合。
所述乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物经由基于单体总重量为65-98重量%的乙酸乙烯酯和2-30重量%的乙烯,优选75-95重量%的乙酸乙烯酯和5-25重量%的乙烯在含水介质中的自由基引发的乳液聚合而获得。任选地,可以与基于单体总重量至多为10重量%,优选0.1-10重量%的其它共聚单体进行共聚合。特别优选不与任何其它共聚单体进行共聚。在每种情况下,共聚单体的重量%相加至多为100重量%。
用于乙酸乙烯酯聚合物或乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的合适的其它(共聚)单体包括在羧酸部分中具有3至12个碳原子的乙烯酯基团的共聚单体,例如丙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、具有8至11个碳原子的α-支化羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如VeoVaREH、VeoVaR9或VeoVaR10(Resolution的商品名)。具有1至15个碳原子的支化或未支化醇的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯也是合适的,例如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯,丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯酯、丙烯酸降冰片酯。诸如氯乙烯的乙烯基卤化物也是合适的。
合适的其它(共聚)单体还包括烯属不饱和的单羧酸和二羧酸,优选丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸和马来酸;烯属不饱和羧酰胺和腈类,优选丙烯酰胺和丙烯腈;富马酸和马来酸的单酯和二酯,例如二乙基和二异丙基酯,以及马来酸酐,烯属不饱和磺酸和/或其盐,优选乙烯基磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸。其它实例为预交联的共聚单体,例如多烯属不饱和共聚单体,实例是二乙烯基己二酸酯、马来酸二烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯或氰尿酸三烯丙酯,或者后交联共聚单体,实例是丙烯酰胺乙醇酸(AGA)、甲基丙烯酰胺基乙醇酸甲酯(MAGME)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺(NMMA)、N-羟甲基烯丙基氨基甲酸酯,N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺和N-羟甲基烯丙基氨基甲酸酯的烷基醚,诸如异丁氧基醚或者酯。具有羟基或羧基的单体也是合适的,例如甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸的羟烷基酯,例如丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、丙烯酸羟丁酯或甲基丙烯酸羟基丁酯,以及1,3-二羰基化合物,诸如丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2,3-二(乙酰乙酰氧基)丙酯和乙酰乙酸烯丙酯。
合适的其它(共聚)单体包括环氧官能的共聚单体,例如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、乙烯基缩水甘油醚。合适的其它(共聚)单体的实例还包括硅官能的共聚单体,例如丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)-和甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷和乙烯基甲基二烷氧基硅烷,优选具有1或2个碳原子的烷基和/或烷氧基,实例为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
单体的选择应使乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg通常+25℃至+40℃,并且乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的玻璃化转变温度Tg通常-20℃至+20℃。聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg以已知方式使用差示扫描量热法(DSC,DIN EN ISO 11357-1/2)而量化。使用Fox方程可以大约预测Tg(Fox T.G.,Bull.Am.Physics Soc.1,3,123页(1956)):1/Tg=x1/Tg1+x2/Tg2+...+xn/Tgn,其中xn是单体n的质量分数(wt%/100),并且Tgn是单体n的均聚物的以开尔文计的玻璃化转变温度。均聚物的Tg值报道于Polymer Handbook,第二版,J.WileyWiley&Sons,New York(1975)。
所述乙酸乙烯酯聚合物和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物均可以以已知方式,优选经由在水中的自由基引发的乳液聚合而获得。然而,用于制备乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯聚合物的水分散体的聚合方法是不同的
在两种情况下,聚合温度为40℃至120℃,优选60℃至90℃。诸如乙烯的气态共聚单体的共聚优选在超大气压下,通常5巴至120巴下进行。聚合反应的引发可以使用用于乳液聚合的常规引发剂与还原剂而进行,其中所述引发剂例如氢过氧化物或叔丁基过氧化氢,或者氧化还原引发剂组合,其中所述还原剂例如(异)抗坏血酸或羟基甲基亚磺酸钠(Brüggolit FF)。可以通过在聚合过程中使用链转移剂来控制分子量。
乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的聚合在保护胶体的存在下进行,任选与乳化剂组合而进行。所述乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的聚合在保护胶体存在下或在乳化剂存在下,或在乳化剂和保护胶体的组合存在下而进行。
用于稳定聚合批料的常规保护胶体例如包括部分或完全水解的聚乙烯醇;聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮;聚乙烯醇缩醛;呈水溶性形式的多糖,诸如淀粉,纤维素或其衍生物,例如羧甲基、甲基、羟乙基或羟丙基衍生物;蛋白质,诸如酪蛋白或酪蛋白、大豆蛋白、明胶;木质素磺酸盐;合成聚合物,诸如聚(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯与羧基官能共聚单体的共聚物、聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯基磺酸及其水溶性共聚物;三聚氰胺-甲醛磺酸盐、萘-甲醛磺酸盐、苯乙烯-马来酸和乙烯基醚-马来酸共聚物。
优选纤维素或其衍生物,或者具有80至95摩尔%水解度且在4%水溶液中的Hoeppler粘度为1至40mPas,特别是3至30mPas的部分水解的聚乙烯醇(在20℃下Hoeppler方法,DIN 53015)。尤其优选低分子量的部分水解的聚乙烯醇,其各自优选具有80至95摩尔%,更优选85至90摩尔%,最优选87至89摩尔%的水解度,并且在每种情况下的Hoeppler粘度优选1至5mPas,更优选2至4mPas(根据DIN 53015,Hoeppler方法,在20℃下,在4%水溶液中测定)。
任选,也可以使用与部分水解的低分子量聚乙烯醇混合的部分水解的高分子量聚乙烯醇,其水解度优选80至95摩尔%,在4%水溶液中的Hoeppler粘度优选>5至40mPa·s,更优选8至40mPa·s(DIN 53015,Hoeppler方在20℃下)。任选,也可以使用与部分水解的低分子量聚乙烯醇混合的完全水解的高分子量聚乙烯醇,其水解度优选96至100摩尔%,特别是98至100摩尔%,在4%水溶液中的Hoeppler粘度优选10至56mPas(DIN 53015,Hoeppler方在20℃下)。所述部分水解的高分子量聚乙烯醇和/或完全水解的高分子量聚乙烯醇的使用量在此各自基于共聚单体总重量为0.1至4重量%。
还优选水解度为80至99.9摩尔%,优选85至95摩尔%的改性聚乙烯醇,以下也称为X-PVOH,在4%水溶液中的Hoeppler粘度为1至30mPas(根据DIN 53015在20℃下测定)。其实例为带有诸如乙酰乙酰基的官能团的聚乙烯醇。还优选所谓的E-PVOH聚乙烯醇,其含有乙烯单元,并且例如以商品名而已知。E-PVOH是部分水解或优选完全水解的乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯的共聚物。优选的E-PVOH的乙烯含量为0.1至12摩尔%,优选1至7摩尔%,更优选2至6摩尔%,特别是2至4摩尔%。质量平均聚合度为500-5000,优选2000-4500,更优选3000-4000。水解度通常大于92摩尔%,优选94.5-99.9摩尔%,更优选98.1-99.5摩尔%。
所述保护胶体可以市售,并且可以使用本领域熟练技术人员已知的方法而获得。也可以使用所述保护胶体的混合物。聚合反应优选在基于单体总重量总共为2-10重量%,更优选总共为5-10重量%保护胶体的存在下而进行。
优选,非离子型乳化剂用于稳定所述分散体。也可使用离子型,优选阴离子型乳化剂。也可使用非离子型乳化剂与阴离子型乳化剂的组合物。乳化剂的量基于共聚单体的总重量通常为0.1-5.0重量%。
合适的非离子乳化剂例如包括酰基、烷基、油烯基和烷基芳基的乙氧基化物。这些产品可例如作为GenapolR或者LutensolR而购买。它们包括乙氧基化的单-、二-和三烷基苯酚,优选乙氧基化度为3至50个环氧乙烷单元和C4至C12的烷基部分;以及乙氧基化的脂肪醇,优选乙氧基化度为3至80个环氧乙烷单元和C8至C36的烷基部分。合适的非离子型乳化剂还包括C13-C15加氧合成的醇乙氧基化物,其乙氧基化度为3至30个环氧乙烷单元、乙氧基化度为11至80个环氧乙烷单元的C16-C18脂肪醇乙氧基化物、乙氧基化度为3至11个环氧乙烷单元的C10加氧合成的醇乙氧基化物、乙氧基化度为3至20个环氧乙烷单元的C13加氧合成的醇乙氧基化物、具有20个环氧乙烷基团的聚环氧乙烷脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、最小环氧乙烷含量为10重量%的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物、乙氧基化度为4至20个环氧乙烷单元的油醇的聚环氧乙烷醚、以及乙氧化基化度为4至20个环氧乙烷单元的壬基酚的聚环氧乙烷醚。
特别优选乙氧基化度为3至30个环氧乙烷单元的C12-C14脂肪醇乙氧基化物。
合适的阴离子乳化剂的实例包括具有12至20个碳原子的线性脂族酸的钠、钾和铵盐;羟基十八烷基磺酸钠;具有12至20个碳原子的羟基脂肪酸的钠、钾和铵盐,以及其磺化和/或乙酰化的产物;烷基硫酸盐的钠、钾和铵盐,包括三乙醇胺盐,各自具有10至20个碳原子的烷基磺酸的钠、钾和铵盐,和具有12至20个碳原子的烷基芳基磺酸的钠、钾和铵盐;在烷基部分具有8至18个碳原子的二甲基二烷基氯化铵,以及其磺化产物;具有4至16个碳原子的脂族饱和一元醇的磺基琥珀酸酯的钠、钾和铵盐,以及具有10至12个碳原子的一元脂族醇的聚乙二醇醚的磺基琥珀酸4-酯的钠、钾和铵盐,特别是其二钠盐;聚乙二醇壬基苯基醚的磺基琥珀酸4-酯的钠、钾和铵盐,特别是其二钠盐;二环己基磺基琥珀酸盐的钠、钾和铵盐,特别是其钠盐;木素磺酸及其钙、镁、钠和铵盐;树脂酸以及氢化和脱氢的树脂酸以及其碱金属盐。
为了制备乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体,在聚合期间优选不使用乳化剂,随后也不与乳化剂混合。
对于在聚合条件下为液体的单体,在每种情况下,所述聚合反应进行至≥95重量%的转化率,优选高至95至99重量%的转化率。
因此得到的乙酸乙烯酯聚合物或乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的水分散体各自具有30至75重量%,优选50-65重量%的固含量。合适的乙酸乙烯酯聚合物或乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的水分散体也可以市购,例如Wacker Chemie AG的VinnapasR分散体。
所述混合物包含至少一种乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和至少一种乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体,其乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的重量分数基于乙酸乙烯酯和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物总重量(干重/干重)优选为10至60重量%,更优选10至40重量%,最优选20至30重量%。所述乙酸乙烯酯的重量分数可以根据乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的玻璃化转变温度Tg而变化。其Tg越低,可能选择更高乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的分数。
本发明还提供由如下混合物而制备的地毯涂料组合物,其包含乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体、基于乙酸乙烯酯聚合物和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物(干重/干重)混合物的重量为100至1400重量%的填料、水、以及任选的一种或多种添加剂和任选的一种或多种添加物质。
所述地毯涂料组合物的固含量基于地毯涂料组合物的总重量优选72至83重量%,更优选75至80重量%。在与填料混合后且不存在添加剂或添加物质下的地毯涂料组合物的布氏粘度优选≤7000mPas,更优选≤3000mPas(使用具有纺锤4的布氏RV测量仪器在25℃下和20rpm下而测量)。
合适的填料例如包括高岭土、滑石、萤石、飞灰、三水合铝,优选白垩。
添加剂的实例是增稠剂,例如聚丙烯酸酯或纤维素醚,或发泡助剂。优选与发泡助剂混合,以用于发泡应用。可以与增稠剂混合以建立地毯涂料组合物的目标粘度。为此所需增稠剂的量基于乙酸乙烯酯聚合物和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物(干重/干重)为0.1-6重量%,优选1-3重量%。优选本方法用于建立2000至10000mPas的布氏粘度。(使用具有纺锤4的布氏RV测量仪器在25℃下和20rpm下而测量)。然而,本发明方法也可以避免增稠剂。
常规的添加物质例如包括分散剂、润湿剂、颜料、疏水剂或杀生物剂,例如甲醛厂物化合物(formaldehyde depot compounds)、异噻唑啉酮、苯酚或季铵化合物。所述地毯涂料组合物优选不含增塑剂或成膜助剂。
所述地毯涂料组合物含有基于100重量份乙酸乙烯酯聚合物和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物(干重/干重)的混合物为100至1400重量份的填料。这也可以指填充水平为100%至1400%。在配制剂中填料的量可以根据所需的涂料性质而变化。填料分数(填充水平)越高,机械性能越低。
本发明的地毯涂料组合物以高水平的填料相容性而著称。也就是说,可以得到例如由聚合物分散体、填料和水而组成的地毯涂料组合物,并且填料水平基于乙酸乙烯酯聚合物和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物(干重/干重)的混合物为400至1400重量%,固含量为75至85重量%,布氏粘度<7000mPas,更优选<3000mPas(使用具有纺锤4的布氏RV测量仪器在25℃下和20rpm下而测量)。
当与增稠剂混合之前的地毯涂料组合物的粘度较高时,填料的加入时间在工业规模上是不可接受的过长,并且存在形成不可分散的填料块的风险,这能够破坏地毯织物。
预涂层优选使用填充水平为300至1400%的地毯涂料组合物。对于住宅应用,预涂层的填充水平为600至1000%,对于诸如办公室、酒店或船舶的商业应用,填充水平为300至600%。
第二个涂层优选使用对于住宅应用,填充水平为275至600%,对于诸如办公室、酒店或船舶的商业应用,填充水平为200至270%的地毯涂料组合物。
在制造地毯涂料组合物的可行方法中,将乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体进行混合,然后搅拌入填料。任何添加剂和添加物质通常可以在任何阶段,优选在混合填料之前而混入。本领域技术人员熟知的已建立的地毯涂料组合物生产设备适用于生产地毯涂料组合物。
本发明还提供了在预涂层和/或第二层衬中涂覆有本发明的一种或多种地毯涂料组合物的地毯。
所述地毯涂料组合物可有利地用于现有的用于地毯制造的装置中的现有方法。
所述地毯涂料组合物适用于地毯,例如连续片材产品或地毯砖的巩固。
所述地毯涂料组合物可用于制造簇绒地毯、编织地毯或针毡地毯。
如下实施例用于进一步阐述本发明:
方法:
玻璃化转变温度Tg的测定:
聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg通过DSC(差示扫描量热法,DIN EN ISO 11357-1/2),使用MetTler-Toledo的DSC 1差示扫描量热计,在开放式坩埚中以10K/min的升温速率而测定。玻璃化转变温度选取二次升温曲线的中点的温度(中点=台阶高度的一半)。
布氏粘度的测定:
使用布氏RV粘度计,在调节至报导温度后,使用所报道的特别纺锤,在报导的每分钟旋转次数下而测量。粘度以mPas报导。
粒径Dw的测定:
平均粒径Dw使用BeckmannLS,依据ISO 13320而测定。
实施例:
分散体A(A)
在氮气吹扫的572升压力反应器中最初加入以下组分:
125.2kg去离子水,
56.0kg平均水解度为88mol%且Hoeppler粘度为4mPas(依据DIN53015,在4%水溶液在20℃下而测定)的聚乙烯醇的20重量%水溶液,
26.1kg平均乙氧基化度为30mol EO单元的脂肪醇乙氧基化物的25重量%水溶液,
241.7kg乙酸乙烯酯,
0.48kg 1.0重量%硫酸铁铵溶液。
使用250mL甲酸(98重量%)将起始的加入料的pH调节为4.0。
在搅拌下(240rpm搅拌),将起始的加入料加热至35℃,注入乙烯至30巴的压力。在达到35℃的温度和30巴的压力下,分别以700g/h开始加入引发剂料-由3.5重量%的过氧化氢水溶液和10重量%的异抗坏血酸钠水溶液组成。一旦反应已经开始(在开始引发剂进料后10分钟),这从反应器内部温度的升高可以清楚地看出,反应放出的热量使反应器内部温度升高到85℃。同时,在反应开始后10分钟,以35.1kg/h(进料时间120分钟,70.2kg)开始供入乙酸乙烯酯。在达到80℃的反应器内部温度时,将重新注入乙烯高至58巴的目标压力,直到加入了总共52.8kg的乙烯量。
乙酸乙烯酯进料完成后,将引发剂进料分别以2000g/h各自持续30分钟,在此期间压力降至20巴。随后将批料冷却至70℃并转移到“无压力”(低压)反应器中并在700毫巴的绝对压力下,通过混合2.6kg叔丁基过氧化氢溶液(10重量%水溶液)和2.6kg异抗坏血酸钠溶液(10重量%水溶液),而在此进行后聚合。
固含量:63重量%
布氏粘度:1300mPas(纺锤2,20rpm,23℃)
粒度:Dw 1.0μm,(Coulter LS)
玻璃化转变温度:7.0℃(DSC)
保护胶体:3.1重量%,基于共聚单体
乳化剂:1.8重量%,基于共聚单体。
分散体B(B)
玻璃化转变温度为33℃且分散体固含量为55重量%的乙酸乙烯酯均聚物的水分散体,使用6重量%的平均水解度为88摩尔%且Hoeppler粘度为5mPas(根据DIN 53015,在20℃,4%水溶液中而测定)的聚乙烯醇和2.0重量%的平均水解度为88摩尔%且Hoeppler粘度为50mPas的聚乙烯醇(根据DIN 53015,在20℃,4%水溶液中而测定)进行稳定,而具体的重量%均基于乙酸乙烯酯均聚物。
分散体D(D)
如分散体B,(乙酸乙烯酯均聚物分散体,Tg=33℃,SC=55%)使用7.0重量%的平均水解度为88摩尔%且Hoeppler粘度为4mPas(根据DIN 53015,在20℃,4%水溶液中而测定)的聚乙烯醇,而具体的重量%均基于乙酸乙烯酯均聚物。
分散体E(E)
在氮气吹扫的590升压力反应器中最初加入以下组分:
134.9kg去离子水,
75.9kg平均水解度为88mol%且Hoeppler粘度为4mPas(依据DIN53015,在4%水溶液在20℃下而测定)的聚乙烯醇的20重量%水溶液,
12.5kg平均水解度为88mol%且Hoeppler粘度为23-26mPas(依据DIN 53015,在4%水溶液在20℃下而测定)的聚乙烯醇的10重量%水溶液,
224kg乙酸乙烯酯,
0.48kg 1.0重量%硫酸铁铵溶液。
使用250mL甲酸(98重量%)将起始的加入料的pH调节为4.0。
在搅拌下(240rpm搅拌),将起始的加入料加热至55℃,注入乙烯至高至20巴的压力。在达到55℃的温度和20巴的压力下,分别以700g/h开始加入引发剂料-由3重量%的叔丁基过氧化氢水溶液和5重量%的抗坏血酸钠水溶液组成。一旦反应已经开始,这从反应器内部温度的升高可以清楚地看出,反应放出的热量使反应器内部温度升高到90℃且压力至48巴。将引发剂供料降至350g/h以控制反应热。
反应开始45分钟之后,开始乙酸乙烯酯供料和聚乙醇供料。乙酸乙烯酯以40kg/h的速度在90分钟内进料到反应器中(=60kg乙酸乙烯酯)中,而聚乙烯醇-由10重量%的平均水解度为88mol%且Hoeppler粘度为4mPas(依据DIN 53015,在4%水溶液在20℃下而测定)的聚乙烯醇水溶液在120分钟内以14kg/h(=28.0kg聚乙烯醇水溶液)的速度而加入。在聚合过程中,在44巴的目标压力下重新注入乙烯,直到注入了34千克的总乙烯量。
单体供料完成后,将引发剂进料分别以1300g/h各自持续30分钟,在此期间压力降至20巴。随后将批料冷却至65℃并转移到“无压力”(低压)反应器中并在700毫巴的绝对压力下,通过混合1.0kg叔丁基过氧化氢溶液(10重量%水溶液)和2kg异抗坏血酸钠溶液(5重量%水溶液),而在此进行后聚合。
固含量:58重量%
布氏粘度:1800mPas(纺锤2,20rpm,23℃)
粒度:Dw 1.0μm,(Coulter LS)
玻璃化转变温度:15.0℃(DSC)
保护胶体:6.2重量%,基于共聚单体
分散体C(C)
如分散体E,除了如下单体比例:
77重量%乙酸乙烯酯和23重量%乙烯。
固含量:54重量%
布氏粘度:280mPas(纺锤1,20rpm,23℃)
粒径:Dw 1.0μm(Coulter LS)
玻璃化转变温度:-6.0℃(DSC)
保护胶体:6.3重量%,基于共聚单体
对比分散体1(VI)
苯乙烯-丁二烯乳胶DL 535(DOW Chemical Company)
固含量:49.5–50.5%
布氏粘度:最大300mPas(纺锤2,50rpm,23℃)
玻璃化转变温度:15℃
聚合物的苯乙烯含量:60.5%
对比分散体2(V2)
苯乙烯-丁二烯乳胶DL 521M(DOW Chemical Company)
固含量:51.5–52.5%
布氏粘度:100-300mPas(纺锤2,50rpm,23℃)
玻璃化转变温度:6.0℃
聚合物的苯乙烯含量:63%
对比分散体3(V3)
苯乙烯-丁二烯乳胶XZ 92227.01(DOW Chemical Company)
固含量:50.5–51.5%
布氏粘度:50-350mPas(纺锤2,50rpm,23℃)
玻璃化转变温度:-15.0℃
地毯涂料组合物的制备:
使用分散体A至E,和对比分散体V1至V3以及其混合物,基于如下配方而制备地毯涂料组合物:
100重量份的特定分散体或混合物(聚合物干重),
450重量份白垩(Carbocia 80,Carbocia)(填料),
0.5重量份发泡助剂(月桂基硫酸钠)。
具体重量份基于具体地毯涂料组合物的干重。
加入额外的水的量应使得到固含量为81.5重量%的地毯涂料组合物。将水与苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物和乙酸乙烯酯均聚物的混合物进行混合直到达到6000至7000mPas的目标粘度(使用具有纺锤4的布氏RV测量仪器在25℃下和20rpm下而测量)。
地毯涂料组合物通过首先装入水和特定的分散体或分散体混合物,并在搅拌下与填料,然后与发泡助剂混合而来制备。
所述地毯涂料组合物的固含量为81.5重量%,填充水平为450重量%。
然后通过与增稠剂(来自Matco的Matco TR 10丙烯酸酯增稠剂)混合而建立起6500mPas的最终粘度使用具有纺锤4的布氏RV测量仪器在25℃下和20rpm下而测量)。
通常,可以接受6000至7000mPas的最终粘度。
地毯的生产:
使用厨房用具将上述特定的地毯涂料组合物发泡3分钟,泡沫密度为950至1015g/l。
用148g特定发泡的地毯涂料组合物均匀地对Edel(100%聚酰胺;550g/m2堆积重量),尺寸为38厘米×33厘米的Helsinki风格的坯布圈绒簇绒地毯进行预涂覆。
随后,施用并均匀涂覆60g作为二次涂层的特定发泡的地毯涂料组合物。然后将织物背衬(Action Back聚丙烯编织物)置于顶部,并用1.6kg的辊子无压力地进行两次加工。在130℃的烘箱中干燥20分钟。
绒头抽出力的测量:
依据ISO 4919,使用Zwick测试仪在23℃和50%相对湿度下对绒头抽出力进行测试。将特定地毯夹在测量装置基座的顶部,并将针穿入地毯环。在十个不同的地毯环上,测定将环从地毯拉出所需的力量。测量结果的平均值作为干燥绒头抽出力而报导。
为了测定湿的绒头抽出力,如用于测量干燥绒头抽出力而制备的样品放入水中10分钟,并且在进一步测试之前,表面擦干,从而没有多余的水。
干燥的绒头抽出力和湿的绒头抽出力是由预涂层所提供的绒头束缚和地毯表面的磨损性的测量。因此,它们应该尽可能的高。
抗脱层性的测量:
依据DIN EN ISO 11857使用Zwick测试仪在23℃和50%相对湿度下而测定抗脱层性。通过在机器方向上从特定地毯上切割5厘米宽和20厘米长的条而制备三个样品,并在5cm长的窄边上用手分层。将每个初始脱层的样品夹到Zwick测试仪中,并以300mm/min的速率将第二层背衬与地毯分离。五个样品的总平均值依据DIN EN ISO 11857,由每个样品在可接受测量范围内的峰值的平均值而测定。实际上,为了评估的目的,标记并忽略特定测量曲线的前25%。将接下来的50%的曲线图分为5个等份,并且对其中每份,测定了具体的峰值。所述峰值用于计算平均值,该平均值然后用于计算总的平均值。抗脱层性以牛顿[N]而报告。
为了测定湿的抗脱层性,将用于测定干的抗脱层性的样品置于水中额外的10分钟,并且在进一步测试之前,表面擦干,从而没有多余的水。
用于抗弯曲的聚合物填充膜的测量:
使用上述地毯涂料组合物的配制剂,聚合物的填充膜的抗弯曲性,作为现成的地毯的柔韧性的量度而测试。
将地毯涂料组合物以2mm的膜厚而刮涂在玻璃板上。将聚合物的填充膜在23℃和50%相对湿度下预干燥24小时。在进一步处理之前,对每个地毯涂层组合物模具切割出5个38mm×50mm的试样。
然后将由此制备和预干燥的试样以与用相应地毯涂料组合物完成的地毯相同的方式进行处理,该方式是在干燥箱中在130℃下热处理20分钟,然后冷却后,在标准条件下(23℃和50%相对湿度)储存1小时。在最终保存期之后,根据SCAN P 29:95(标准)以mN而测量抗弯曲性。
为了进行测量,将试样一个接一个夹在仪器(L&W抗弯曲测试仪SE016)中,并在15°的弯曲角度下在25mm的测试长度下进行测量。最大抗弯曲性作为预选测试长度上在恒定角速度下在样品偏转上出现的以mN计的力而测量。由此获得的结果除以膜厚以算术转换为以mN/mm计的特定抗弯曲性,以便可以测量的膜厚度的差异得以校正。膜厚度用pm计在5个点进行测定,并取平均值。
实施例1:
表1描述了由分散体A(Tg为7℃,混合稳定)和B(Tg为33℃)的粘合剂混合物而获得的现成地毯的机械性能的测量结果。
来自机械测试的抗脱层性和绒头抽出力可以被简化为一个集合参数,以便总结机械测试的组合性质,并将可能产生的任何操作者的效应降至最低。所述集合参数同样提供来关于分散体混合物相对于未混合的分散体的性能的信息。如果混合物的集合值高于原始分散体的值的化,则可以假定具有增强效应。
实施例1.A至1.E说明填充膜的特性抗弯曲性的可调节性作为现成地毯关于选择乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体和乙酸乙烯酯均聚物分散体之间的混合比例的指示剂。
混合物的抗弯曲性通常比仅包含一种分散体的配制剂更好。这也适用于绒毛抽出力,混合物通常更好。其它情况是,共混比例为40重量%的VAE分散体至60重量%的VAc分散体(实施例1.D)的混合比显示出比仅独立的分散体更高的集合参数。
表1分散体A和B的混合物的测试结果
*以X报导的抗弯曲性无法测量,这是因为过度的刚性;相应的地谈没有柔韧性,弯曲时被衬层会断裂。
实施例2:
具有-6℃低Tg的聚乙烯醇稳定的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体(分散体C)和聚乙烯醇稳定的乙酸乙烯酯均聚物分散体(分散体D)的组合物表现出与完成地毯类似的柔韧性行为和机械测试数据。特别值得注意的是在宽范围的分散体混合比内除了地毯柔韧性具有令人惊讶的简单可调性之外,水处理之后还具有出人意料的高强度。
再次,可以将抗脱层性和绒头抽出力测试的结果简化为一个集合参数,以便更好地评估整体性能。这里特别在水处理之后,实施例2.B至2.F中混合物的结果比单个分散体的结果更好。
表2:分散体C和D混合物的测试结果
*以X报导的抗弯曲性无法测量,这是因为过度的刚性;相应的地谈没有柔韧性,弯曲时被衬层会断裂。
实施例3:
实施例3是对实施例2的纯聚乙烯醇稳定的分散体混合物的重复测试,不同之处在于乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体具有较低的乙烯含量和15℃的玻璃化转变温度(分散体E)。乙酸乙烯酯均聚物是实施例2中所用的低粘度聚合物(分散体D)。
再次,该共混物在其机械强度的集合参数上显示比其相应的单独分散体更好的性质。如果仅仅是由于乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的Tg(15℃)较高,而使聚合物基体更硬,则实施例3.C中的共混物已经是可测量的抗弯曲性的线的终点。
表3:分散体E和D的混合物的测试结果
*以X报导的抗弯曲性无法测量,这是因为过度的刚性;相应的地谈没有柔韧性,弯曲时被衬层会断裂。
实施例4:
从仅具有10%均聚物分散体的实施例4.B开始,由实施例3刚硬的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯分散体(Tg=15℃,分散体E)与具有较高粘度的基于乙酸乙烯酯的均聚物分散体(Disp.B)而形成的共混物在机械测试结果中显示出比单独分散体显著更好的数值。
表4分散体E和B的混合物的测试结果
*以X报导的抗弯曲性无法测量,这是因为过度的刚性;相应的地谈没有柔韧性,弯曲时被衬层会断裂。
实施例5至7:
实施例5至7代表对比实验,其中制备了均聚物和市购的苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物的混合物,在每种情况下使用两种比例(各自基于分散体的固体分数,即以重量%/重量%计的聚合物/聚合物),60重量%比40重量%,反之亦然。
固含量的结果总结于表5(第3栏)中。与目标固含量81.5%的偏差,由乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯均聚的物混合物而形成的配制剂的固含量在某些情况下是相当大的。
这导致配方和加工成本的立即增加,这是由于要蒸发的水量更多。因此,配制剂的这种低固含量在商业上没有吸引力。
如WO 2013/123210所述,在直接将两种分散体进行混合时,聚乙烯醇稳定的乙酸乙烯酯均聚物分散体和苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物之间的不相容性变得明显。没有乳化剂或显着稀释的混合物,这些混合物的粘度随混合比而显著增加。
混合物粘度的数据同样在表5中进行报导。在典型设施中,这种高粘度通常不可能进行加工,并且可能导致设备部件的长期停机时间。
相反,乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物与乙酸乙烯酯均聚物的混合物不会导致这种粘度增加,同样配制剂易于达到81.5%目标固含量。
与实施例5至7具有相同混合比的实施例8至10的混合物粘度数据证实了乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯分散体和乙酸乙烯酯均聚物分散体与混合物的相容性。这里,优点尤其在于两种聚合物的相容性和稳定系统的相容性。此外,如实施例1至4中所述,本发明的混合物具有其它积极作用,例如柔软性的控制和机械性能的改善。
表5:分散体混合物的总结
第3栏和第4栏中SB/VAc比例为基于特定分散体固含量的分散体的共混比。SB:苯乙烯-丁二烯分散体,VAc:乙酸乙烯酯均聚物分散体。
Claims (10)
1.将包含乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体的混合物用于地毯涂料组合物中的方法。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,全部基于单体总重量,所述乙酸乙烯酯聚合物经由在含水介质中99-100重量%的乙酸乙烯酯和任选至多1重量%的其它共聚单体的自由基引发的乳液聚合而获得,每种情况下,具体重量%相加至多为100重量%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,全部基于单体总重量,所述乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物经由在含水介质中65-98重量%的乙酸乙烯酯和2-30重量%的乙烯和任选至多10重量%的其它共聚单体的自由基引发的乳液聚合而获得,每种情况下,具体重量%相加至多为100重量%。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述乙酸乙烯酯的聚合在任选与乳化剂组合的保护胶体存在下进行。
5.如权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的聚合在保护胶体存在下,或者在乳化剂存在下,或者在乳化剂与保护胶体组合的存在下进行。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的方法,其特征在于,不仅乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的聚合而且乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的聚合在部分水解的聚乙烯醇存在下进行,其中所述聚乙烯醇的水解度为80-95%,且在4%水溶液中的Hoeppler粘度为1-40mPas(Hoeppler方法,在20℃,DIN53015)。
7.如权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物包含至少一种乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和至少一种乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体,基于乙酸乙烯酯聚合物和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物总重量,乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的重量分数(干重/干重)为10-60重量%。
8.一种地毯涂料组合物,其由包含乙酸乙烯酯聚合物的水分散体和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体的混合物、和基于乙酸乙烯酯聚合物和乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的总重量(干重/干重)为100-1400重量%的填料、和水、以及任选一种或多种添加剂和任选一种或多种加入物质制备。
9.如权利要求8所述的地毯涂料组合物,其特征在于所述水分散体和填料的混合物,在与添加剂和加入物质进行混合以前,在75-85重量%的固含量下的布氏粘度<7000mPas。
10.一种地毯,其在预涂层和/或第二涂层中涂覆有一种或多种如权利要求8或9所述的地毯涂料组合物。
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