CN107529756A - 具有磺酸盐和共分散剂的微胶囊的农用配制剂 - Google Patents
具有磺酸盐和共分散剂的微胶囊的农用配制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107529756A CN107529756A CN201680023957.5A CN201680023957A CN107529756A CN 107529756 A CN107529756 A CN 107529756A CN 201680023957 A CN201680023957 A CN 201680023957A CN 107529756 A CN107529756 A CN 107529756A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
- B01J13/16—Interfacial polymerisation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在水相中包含微胶囊的含水组合物,其包含壳和核,其中核包含农药;磺酸盐;和如下定义的式(I)的共分散剂。本发明还涉及通过在磺酸盐和共分散剂存在下在水相中合成微胶囊而制备所述组合物的方法。最后,本发明涉及一种防治植物病原性真菌和/或不希望的植物生长和/或不希望的昆虫或螨虫侵袭和/或调节植物生长的方法,其中使所述组合物作用于相应的有害物、其环境或待保护以防相应有害物的作物上,作用于土壤上和/或作用于不希望的植物上和/或作用于作物植物和/或其环境上;并涉及包含所述组合物的种子。
Description
本发明涉及一种在水相中包含微胶囊的含水组合物,其包含壳和核,其中核包含农药;磺酸盐;和如下所定义的式(I)的共分散剂。本发明还涉及通过在磺酸盐和共分散剂存在下在水相中合成微胶囊而制备所述组合物的方法。最后,本发明涉及一种防治植物病原性真菌和/或不希望的植物生长和/或不希望的昆虫或螨虫侵袭和/或调节植物生长的方法,其中使所述组合物作用于相应有害物、其环境或待保护以防相应有害物的作物植物上,作用于土壤上和/或作用于不希望的植物上和/或作用于作物植物和/或其环境上;并涉及包含所述组合物的种子。本文在下文中提到的本发明的优选实施方案应理解为彼此独立或彼此组合优选。
农药微胶囊的含水农用配制剂是作物保护中非常有用的产品。
WO2010/070096在实施例I.1中公开了胺硝草(pendimethalin)微胶囊储备悬浮液,其包含木素磺酸钠和作为悬浮助剂的D425、萘磺酸甲醛缩合产物。
识别出具有改进特性的新配制剂是一个持续的挑战。
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的问题。该目的通过在水相中包含以下组分的含水组合物来解决
-微胶囊,其包含壳和核,其中该核包含农药;
-磺酸盐,其选自木素磺化盐、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物或其混合物;和
-式(I)的共分散剂
R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-X (I)
其中
R1为C6-C18单元;
X为–P(O)(Ra)(OH)、-CH2-CH2-PO3H2、-CH2-CH2-CO2H、-SO3H、
-CH2-CH2-CH2-SO3H或其盐;
Ra为R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-或OH;
n、m彼此独立地为2-6的值;
x、y彼此独立地为0-100的值;和
x+y为1-100的值。
含水组合物可包含至少15重量%,优选至少25重量%,特别是至少35重量%的水。组合物通常在20℃下为液体。
组合物包含通常为连续水相的水相。组合物可包含至少一个其他相,如至少一个不连续的固相(例如微胶囊或悬浮的农药颗粒)。
组合物在水相中包含微胶囊、磺酸盐(例如木素磺化盐)和共分散剂。通常,组合物在连续水相中包含不连续相形式的微胶囊,如悬浮的微胶囊。通常,组合物在连续水相中包含溶解形式的磺酸盐。通常,组合物在连续水相中包含溶解形式的共分散剂。
R1通常是一价的C6-C18烷基、C6-C18芳基或C6-C18烷基芳基,其中优选C6-C18烷基。烷基可以是线性或支化的饱和或不饱和的。通常,R1是烃(即它不含杂原子)。不同基团的混合物也是可能的,例如不同烷基链长度的混合物和/或饱和和不饱和基团的混合物。
R1作为C6-C18芳基的实例为苯基或萘基。
R1作为C6-C18烷芳基的实例为C1-C12烷基苯基或C1-C8萘基。
优选地,R1为线性或支化的饱和或不饱和的C6-C18烷基,其中更优选C8-C16烷基。特别地,R1是线性或支化的饱和C10-C16烷基。R1的典型实例是线性或支化的癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基和十八烷基或前述基团的混合物。
X优选为-P(O)(Ra)(OH)、CH2-CH2-CH2-SO3H、-SO3H或其盐。更优选地,X为-P(O)(Ra)(OH)、-SO3H或其盐;其中更优选-P(O)(Ra)(OH)或其盐。
Ra为R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-或-OH。其混合物也是可能的。在一种形式中,Ra是-OH。在另外的形式中,Ra是R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-。
指数n和m优选彼此独立地为2-5,尤其优选2-4,特别是2或3的值。指数n和m通常是不同的值。指数n和m通常是整数的值。
指数x和y优选彼此独立地为0-70的值,尤其优选0-50的值,特别是0-40的值。
x+y的和优选为3-70,尤其优选5-50,特别是10-40的值。
在一种形式中,n和m彼此独立地为2或3的值;x和y彼此独立地为0-50的值;x+y为5-50的值。
在一种形式中,n为2,m为3;x为1-50的值,y为0-20的值;x+y为5-50的值。
在单元“R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-”中,烷氧基单元“(CnH2nO)x”和“(CmH2mO)y”可以以任何顺序存在,例如无规分布或者嵌段的(例如A-B或A-B-A)。
组合物可以包含0.05-15重量%,优选0.1-5重量%,特别是0.3-3重量%的共分散剂。
在另外的形式中,R1为线性或支化的饱和或不饱和的C6-C18烷基;X为P(O)(Ra)(OH)、-SO3H或其盐;Ra为R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-或-OH;n和m彼此独立地为2或3的值;x和y彼此独立地为0-50的值;x+y为5-50的值。
在另外的形式中,R1是线性或支化的饱和C10-C16烷基;X是-P(O)(Ra)(OH)、-SO3H或盐;Ra为R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-或-OH;n为2,m为3;x为1-50的值,y为0-20的值;x+y为5-50的值。
式(I)的共分散剂可以以质子化形式存在,例如,其中X为P(O)(Ra)(OH)、-CH2-CH2-PO3H2、-CH2-CH2-CO2H、-SO3H或-CH2-CH2-CH2-SO3H。应当理解,取决于含水组合物的pH,质子化形式可能部分地脱质子化并形成盐。共分散剂的盐形式也包含在式(I)中。合适的共分散剂的盐形式是碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐和/或铵盐,例如铵盐、钠盐、钾盐、钙盐或镁盐。优选钠盐和钾盐。
共分散剂通常可溶于水,例如在20℃下以至少10g/l,优选至少50g/l,特别是至少100g/l溶于水。
磺酸盐选自木素磺化盐、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物或其混合物。优选地,磺酸盐选自木素磺化盐或木素磺化盐和萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物的混合物。特别地,磺酸盐是木素磺化盐。
木素磺化盐是已知的,并且例如在Roempp's dictionary of chemistry,第9版,第3卷,Georg-Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,New York 1990,第2511页中定义。合适的木素磺化盐是碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐和/或铵盐,例如木素磺酸的铵盐、钠盐、钾盐、钙盐或镁盐。优选使用钠盐、钾盐或钙盐,非常特别优选使用钠盐、钾盐和/或钙盐。当然,术语木素磺化盐也包括不同离子的混合盐,例如木素磺酸钾/钠、木素磺酸钾/钙等,特别是木素磺酸钠/钙。
木素磺化盐的分子量可以在500-200,000道尔顿之间变化。优选地,木素磺化盐的分子量为700-50,000道尔顿,更优选900-20,000道尔顿,特别是1000-10,000道尔顿。
木素磺化盐通常可溶于水(例如在20℃下),例如以至少5重量%,优选至少10重量%,特别是至少20重量%溶于水。
萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物是可通过萘磺酸盐和甲醛的反应(例如缩聚)获得的低聚物。萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物的分子量通常为300-10000道尔顿,优选500-5000道尔顿,特别是500-2500道尔顿。萘基可以任选地由线性或支化的C1-C8烷基取代。萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物通常可溶于水(例如在20℃下),例如以至少5重量%,优选至少10重量%,特别是至少20重量%溶于水。合适的萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物是碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐和/或铵盐,例如木素磺酸的铵盐、钠盐、钾盐、钙盐或镁盐。优选使用钠盐、钾盐或钙盐,非常特别优选使用钠盐、钾盐和/或钙盐。
组合物可包含0.05-15重量%,优选0.1-5重量%,特别是0.3-3重量%的磺酸盐(例如木素磺化盐)。
磺酸盐(例如木素磺化盐)与共分散剂的重量比可以在8:1-1:8,优选4:1-1:4,特别是2.5:1-1:1.5变化。
微胶囊包含壳和核,其中该核包含农药。
核包含农药以及优选还有溶剂。农药可以以溶解形式,作为悬浮液、乳液或悬浮乳液存在于核中。优选地,农药以溶解形式存在。核基于核材料的总量通常包含至少10重量%,优选至少30重量%,特别是至少50重量%的农药。核可包含至多100重量%,优选至多70重量%的农药。核材料的量通常为核中所有农药和任何溶剂的量的总和。
微胶囊的核任选地包含溶剂,优选水不混溶性溶剂。优选地,溶剂在水中在20℃下具有至多20g/l,更优选至多5g/l,特别是至多0.5g/l的溶解度。通常,溶剂(在1巴下)具有100℃以上,优选150℃以上,特别是180℃以上的沸点。在这种情况下,“溶剂”是指溶剂能够与农药形成均匀混合物或使其溶解。合适的有机溶剂的实例是中等至高沸点的矿物油馏分(如煤油或柴油),以及煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油、脂肪酸甘油酯或其甲基或乙基酯衍生物(通常所谓的油酸甲酯或乙酯)、脂族、环状和芳族烃类(例如甲苯、二甲苯、链烷烃、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物)。也可以使用有机溶剂的混合物。优选的有机溶剂是脂肪酸甘油酯或其甲基或乙基酯衍生物和/或烃类。
核可以任选地包含助剂,例如下述那些。优选地,核包含至少一种助剂(例如有机改性聚硅氧烷如Break Thru S醇烷氧基化物如245、MBA1303、LF 300和ON30;EO/PO嵌段聚合物、泊洛沙姆,例如RPE 2035和B;醇乙氧基化物如XP 80;和二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠如RA)。
核中农药(或在核中存在多于一种的情况下所有农药的总和)与核中所有溶剂的总和的重量比通常为5:1-1:10,优选3:1-1:2,更优选2:1-1:1。
微胶囊包含壳,其可以由任何已知的壳材料(例如聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、三聚氰胺甲醛缩合物和异氰酸酯的聚加成产物,特别是聚脲)制成。优选地,壳是聚脲壳或聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯壳。特别地,壳是聚脲壳。
聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯是例如由WO 2008/071649、EP 0 457 154或DE 10 2007 055813已知的用于微胶囊的壳材料。通常,聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯包含聚合形式的丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和/或马来酸。更优选地,聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯包含甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸。聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯也可包含聚合形式的一种或多种双官能或更多官能的单体。聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯可进一步包含其他单体。
更优选地,聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物由以下物质合成
基于单体总重量为30-100重量%的一种或多种单体(单体I),其来自包含如下单体的组:丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和马来酸,
基于单体的总重量为10-70重量%的一种或多种双官能或更多官能的单体(单体II),和
基于单体的总重量为0-40重量%的一种或多种其他单体(单体III)。
胶囊壁的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯通常基于单体的总重量以共聚形式包含至少30重量%,在一个优选形式中,至少40重量%,在一个特别优选形式中,至少50重量%,更特别是至少60重量%,非常特别优选至少70重量%,以及至多100重量%,优选不多于90重量%,更特别地不多于85重量%,非常特别优选不多于80重量%的至少一种选自丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和马来酸的单体(单体I)。
此外,胶囊壁的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯优选基于单体的总重量以共聚形式包含至少10重量%,优选至少15重量%,优选至少20重量%,以及通常不多于70重量%,优选不多于60重量%,特别优选不多于50重量%的一种或多种双官能或多官能单体(单体II)。在另一优选实施方案中,胶囊壁的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯优选基于单体总重量以共聚形式包含至少10重量%,优选至少15重量%,以及通常不多于50重量%,优选不多于40重量%的一种或多种多官能单体(单体II)。
此外,聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以以共聚形式包含至多40重量%,优选至多30重量%,更特别地至多20重量%的其他单体III。胶囊壁优选仅由组I和II的单体合成。
合适的单体I是丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C24烷基酯以及不饱和的C3和C4羧酸如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸及马来酸。合适的单体I是丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯和丙烯酸叔丁酯及相应的甲基丙烯酸酯,特别优选丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯和丙烯酸正丁酯及相应的甲基丙烯酸酯。通常,甲基丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸是优选的。
根据一个优选实施方案,微胶囊壁基于单体I的总量以共聚形式包含25-75重量%的马来酸、甲基丙烯酸和/或丙烯酸,更特别是甲基丙烯酸。
合适的单体II是双官能或多官能单体。双官能或多官能单体是指具有至少两个非共轭烯属双键的化合物。主要关注二乙烯基单体和聚乙烯基单体。它们在聚合中引起胶囊壁的交联。在另一优选实施方案中,合适的单体II是多官能单体。
合适的二乙烯基单体是二乙烯基苯和二乙烯基环己烷。优选的二乙烯基单体是二醇与丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的二酯以及这些二醇的二烯丙基和二乙烯基醚。通过实例可提及乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、甲代烯丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸烯丙酯和甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯。特别优选丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、戊二醇和己二醇的二丙烯酸酯及相应的甲基丙烯酸酯。
优选的聚乙烯基单体是多元醇与丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的聚酯以及这些多元醇的聚烯丙基和聚乙烯基醚、三乙烯基苯和三乙烯基环己烷。特别优选三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三烯丙基醚、季戊四醇四烯丙基醚、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯以及它们的工业混合物。
关注的单体III是与单体I和II不同的其他单体,例如乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基吡啶和苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯。特别优选衣康酸、乙烯基膦酸、马来酸酐、2-羟基乙基丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、甲基丙烯腈、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙酯。
聚脲也是已知的微胶囊壳材料。它们优选通过合适的聚合物壁形成材料(如多异氰酸酯和多胺)的界面聚合方法制备。界面聚合通常在包含溶解在其中的至少一部分聚合物壁形成材料的核材料的水包油含水乳液或悬浮液中进行。在聚合期间,聚合物从核材料分离到核材料和水之间的边界表面,由此形成微胶囊的壁。从而得到微胶囊材料的含水悬浮液。
通常,聚脲通过使具有至少两个异氰酸酯基团的多异氰酸酯与具有至少两个伯氨基的多胺反应形成,以形成聚脲壁材料。然而,优选多异氰酸酯或多胺或二者分别具有多于两个的反应性-NCO-或NH-基团。在另一实施方案中,聚脲可以通过使多异氰酸酯与水接触而形成。此外,优选地,聚脲是由多异氰酸酯与多胺和水的反应产生的。优选地,聚脲壳包含缩聚形式的多异氰酸酯和多胺。合适的多异氰酸酯例如由US 2010/0248963 A1的第[0135]-[0158]段已知,参考其全部内容。合适的多胺例如由US 2010/0248963 A1的第[0159]-[0169]段已知,参考其全部内容。
多异氰酸酯可以单独使用或作为两种或多种多异氰酸酯的混合物使用。合适的多异氰酸酯是例如脂族异氰酸酯或芳族异氰酸酯。这些异氰酸酯可以作为单体或低聚的异氰酸酯存在。NCO含量可以根据ASTM D 5155-96 A测定。
合适的脂肪族二异氰酸酯的实例包括四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯以及脂环族异氰酸酯如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,4-双异氰酸酯环己烷和双-(4-异氰酸酯基环己基)甲烷。
合适的芳族异氰酸酯包括甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI:2,4-和2,6-异构体的混合物)、二苯基亚甲基-4,4'-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯、2,4,4'-二苯基醚三异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二苯基二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲氧基-4,4'-二苯基二异氰酸酯、1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯和4,4',4”-三苯基甲烷异氰酸酯。上述二异氰酸酯的高级低聚物也是合适的,例如上述二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯和缩二脲及其与前述二异氰酸酯的混合物。
在另一优选实施方案中,多异氰酸酯是低聚异氰酸酯,优选芳族低聚异氰酸酯。这种低聚异氰酸酯可以包含低聚形式的上述脂族二异氰酸酯和/或芳族异氰酸酯。低聚异氰酸酯的平均官能度在2.0-4.0,优选2.1-3.2,更优选2.3-3.0的范围内。通常,这些低聚异氰酸酯的粘度(根据DIN 53018测定)为20-1000mPas,更优选80-500mPas,特别是150-320mPas。该类低聚异氰酸酯可以例如由BASF SE以商品名M10、M20、M50、M70、M200、MM103或由拜耳公司以A270市购。
合适的还有二异氰酸酯与多元醇如乙二醇、甘油和三羟甲基丙烷的加合物,通过每摩尔多元醇加入对应于相应醇及其与上述二异氰酸酯的混合物的羟基数的摩尔数的二异氰酸酯。以这种方式,将几分子的二异氰酸酯通过氨基甲酸酯基团连接到多元醇上,以形成高分子量的多异氰酸酯。特别合适的这种产品L(Bayer Corp.,Pittsburgh)可以通过三摩尔甲苯二异氰酸酯与一摩尔2-乙基甘油(1,1-双羟甲基丙烷)反应而制备。其他合适的产品通过六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与乙二醇或甘油加成而获得。
优选的多异氰酸酯是异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯和低聚异氰酸酯,低聚异氰酸酯是特别优选的。
本发明范围内的合适的多胺将理解为通常是指那些在分子中包含两个和更多个氨基的化合物,这些氨基可以与脂族或芳族结构部分连接。
合适的脂肪族多胺的实例是式H2N-(CH2)p-NH2的α,ω-二胺,其中p是2-6的整数。该类二胺的实例是乙二胺、亚丙基-1,3-二胺、四亚甲基二胺、五亚甲基二胺和六亚甲基二胺。优选的二胺是六亚甲基二胺。其他合适的脂族多胺是式H2N-(CH2-CH2-NH)q-H的聚乙烯亚胺,其中q是2-20,优选3-5的整数。该类聚乙烯亚胺的代表性实例是二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺和五亚乙基六胺。其他合适的脂族多胺是二氧杂烷烃-α,ω-二胺,例如式H2N-(CH2)3O-(CH2)4O-(CH2)3-NH2的4,9-二氧杂十二烷-1,12-二胺。
合适的芳族多胺的实例是1,3-苯二胺、2,4-和2,6-甲苯二胺、4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、1,5-二氨基萘、1,3,5-三氨基苯、2,4,6-三氨基甲苯、1,3,6-三氨基萘、2,4,4'-三氨基二苯醚、3,4,5-三氨基-1,2,4-三唑和1,4,5,8-四氨基蒽醌。那些不溶于水或在水中具有不足溶解的多胺可以作为其盐酸盐使用。
多胺,例如上述那些可以单独使用或作为两种或更多种多胺的混合物使用。优选的多胺是聚乙烯亚胺,例如四亚乙基五胺。
各个关注的壁形成组分的相对量将随其当量而变化。通常,优选大约化学计量的量,而也可以使用过量的一种组分,尤其是过量的多异氰酸酯。壁形成组分的总量大约对应于聚合物壁形成材料的总量。
微胶囊包含至多15重量%,优选至多10重量%,特别是至多6重量%的壳(例如基于农药、核中的所有溶剂、多异氰酸酯和多胺的总量)。微胶囊通常包含至少0.5重量%,优选至少1.5重量%的壳。
微胶囊的平均粒度D50(根据ISO 13320,Particle Size Analysis–LaserDiffraction Methods,2009年12月1日测定)为0.5-100μm,优选1-20μm,更优选1-12μm,尤其是2-10μm。
含水组合物通常包含1-90重量%,优选3-80重量%,特别是10-70重量%的微胶囊。
本发明还涉及一种通过在磺酸盐(例如木素磺化盐)和式(I)的共分散剂存在下在水相中合成微胶囊而制备本发明含水组合物的方法。
优选地,在制备组合物的方法中,水相以乳化形式包含水不混溶性溶剂。
优选地,微胶囊通过多异氰酸酯和多胺的缩聚而合成。
术语“农药”是指至少一种选自杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂、杀线虫剂、除草剂、安全剂、生物农药和/或生长调节剂的活性物质。优选的农药为杀真菌剂、杀昆虫剂、除草剂和生长调节剂。尤其优选的农药为杀真菌剂。也可使用两种或更多种上述类别的农药的混合物。本领域技术人员熟知该类农药,其可参见例如Pesticide Manual,第16版(2013),The BritishCrop Protection Council,London。合适的杀昆虫剂为选自如下类别的杀昆虫剂:氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷酸酯类、有机氯杀昆虫剂、苯基吡唑类、拟除虫菊酯类、新烟碱类、斯皮诺素(spinosin)类、阿维菌素(avermectin)类、米尔贝霉素(milbemycin)类、保幼激素类似物、烷基卤、有机锡化合物、沙蚕毒素类似物、苯甲酰脲类、双酰肼类、METI杀螨剂;以及杀昆虫剂如氯化苦(chloropicrin)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozin)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamid)、四螨嗪(clofentezin)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、特苯唑(etoxazole)、杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、克螨特(propargite)、三氯杀螨砜(tetradifon)、氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr)、二硝甲酚(DNOC)、噻嗪酮(buprofezine)、灭蝇胺(cyromazine)、虫螨脒(amitraz)、灭蚁腙(hydramethylnon)、灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、嘧螨酯(fluacrypyrim)、鱼藤酮(rotenone)或其衍生物。合适的杀真菌剂为如下类别的杀真菌剂:二硝基苯胺类、烯丙基胺类、苯胺基嘧啶类、抗生素、芳族烃类、苯磺酰胺类、苯并咪唑类、苯并异噻唑类、二苯甲酮类、苯并噻二唑类、苯并三嗪类、苄基氨基甲酸酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、羧酰胺类、羧酸二酰胺类、氯腈类、氰基乙酰胺肟类、氰基咪唑类、环丙烷羧酰胺类、二羧酰亚胺类、二氢二嗪类、二硝基苯基巴豆酸酯类、二硫代氨基甲酸酯类、二硫戊环类、乙基膦酸酯类、乙基氨基噻唑羧酰胺类、胍类、羟基-(2-氨基)嘧啶类、羟基苯胺类、咪唑类、咪唑啉酮类、无机物质、异苯并呋喃酮类、甲氧基丙烯酸酯类、甲氧基氨基甲酸酯类、吗啉类、N-苯基氨基甲酸酯类、唑烷二酮类、肟基乙酸酯类、肟基乙酰胺类、肽基嘧啶核苷类、苯基乙酰胺类、苯基酰胺类、苯基吡咯类、苯基脲类、膦酸酯类、硫代磷酸酯类、邻氨甲酰苯甲酸类、苯邻二甲酰亚胺类、哌嗪类、哌啶类、丙酰胺类、哒嗪酮类、吡啶类、吡啶基甲基苯甲酰胺类、嘧啶胺类、嘧啶类、嘧啶酮腙类、吡咯并喹啉酮类、喹唑啉酮类、喹啉类、醌类、磺酰胺类、氨磺酰基三唑类、噻唑羧酰胺类、硫代氨基甲酸酯类、苯硫脲酯类(thiophanate)、噻吩羧酰胺类、甲苯甲酰胺类、三苯基锡化合物、三嗪类、三唑类。合适的除草剂为如下类别的除草剂:乙酰胺类、酰胺类、芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯类、苯甲酰胺类、苯并呋喃类、苯甲酸类、苯并噻二嗪酮类、联吡啶类、氨基甲酸酯类、氯乙酰胺类、氯羧酸类、环己烷二酮类、二硝基苯胺类、二硝基苯酚、二苯醚、甘氨酸类、咪唑啉酮类、异唑类、异唑烷二酮类、腈类、N-苯基苯邻二甲酰亚胺类、二唑类、唑烷二酮类、氧基乙酰胺类、苯氧基羧酸类、苯基氨基甲酸酯类、苯基吡唑类、苯基吡唑啉类、苯基哒嗪类、次膦酸类、氨基磷酸酯类、二硫代磷酸酯类、邻氨甲酰苯甲酸酯类、吡唑类、哒嗪酮类、吡啶类、吡啶羧酸类、吡啶羧酰胺类、嘧啶二酮类、嘧啶基(硫代)苯甲酸酯类、喹啉羧酸类、缩氨基脲类、磺酰氨基羰基三唑啉酮类、磺酰脲类、四唑啉酮类、噻二唑类、硫代氨基甲酸酯类、三嗪类、三嗪酮类、三唑类、三唑啉酮类、三唑羧酰胺类、三唑并嘧啶类、三酮类、尿嘧啶类、脲类。农药混合物也是合适的。
优选地,所述农药在水中在20℃下具有至多10g/l,优选至多1g/l,特别是至多0.5g/l的溶解度。水溶性农药的混合物也是合适的。
在一种形式中,农药在室温(例如20℃)下是液体,例如噻吩草胺(dimethenamide)、精噻吩草胺(dimethenamide-P)、异恶草酮(clomazone)、S-异丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)。在另外的形式中,农药也可以具有室温以上的熔点,实例是唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)64℃,丙氯灵(prochloraz)47℃,苯菌酮(metrafenon)100℃,甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)79℃,胺硝草58℃。液体农药混合物也是合适的。
在另外的形式中,农药包括噻吩草胺和/或式I的苯并嗪酮
其中,
R1是氢或卤素;
R2是卤素;
R3是氢或卤素;
R4是氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6链烯基、C3-C6卤代链烯基、C3-C6炔基、C3-C6卤代炔基、C1-C6烷氧基或C3-C6环烷基-C1-C6烷基;
R5是氢、NH2、C1-C6烷基或C3-C6炔基;
R6是氢或C1-C6烷基;和
W是O或S;
Z是O或S。
根据一个优选实施方案,农药包括噻吩草胺和/或式I的苯并嗪酮,其中各变量彼此独立或彼此组合地具有以下含义:
R1为氢;也优选为卤素,特别优选F或Cl,尤其优选F;
R2为F;
R3为氢或F,优选氢;也优选为F;
R4为C3-C6炔基或C3-C6卤代炔基,优选C3炔基或C3卤代炔基,特别优选CH2C≡CH、CH2C≡CCl或CH2C≡CBr;也优选C3-C6炔基或C3-C6环烷基-C1-C6烷基,特别优选炔丙基或环丙基甲基;也优选C3-C6炔基,优选C3炔基;特别优选CH2C≡CH;也优选C3-C6卤代炔基,优选C3卤代炔基,特别优选CH2C≡CCl或CH2C≡CBr;
R5为NH2、C1-C6烷基或C3-C6炔基;优选C1-C6烷基;更优选C1-C4烷基;最优选CH3;
R6为C1-C6烷基;优选C1-C4烷基;最优选CH3;
W为O,也优选为S;
Z为O,也优选为S.
根据一个特别优选的实施方案,农药包括噻吩草胺和/或式(A)的苯并嗪酮。
本发明还涉及包含本发明微胶囊的含水组合物。优选地,该组合物包含未包封的农药。该未包封的农药可以以溶解形式存在,或作为悬浮液、乳液或悬浮乳液存在。它可能与核中的农药相同或不同。
含水组合物通常包含至少1重量%,优选至少3重量%,特别是至少10重量%的包封农药。
含水组合物通常包含至少1重量%,优选至少3重量%,特别是至少10重量%的未包封的农药。
本发明的含水组合物还可以包含在农用化学配制剂中常见的助剂。所用助剂分别取决于具体的应用形式和活性物质。合适助剂的实例是分散剂或乳化剂(例如其他增溶剂、保护胶体、表面活性剂和粘合剂)、有机和无机增稠剂、杀菌剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、如果合适着色剂和增粘剂或粘合剂(例如用于种子处理配制剂)。
助剂通常不同于磺酸盐和式(I)的共分散剂。
合适助剂的实例为溶剂、液体载体、固体载体或填料、表面活性剂、其他分散剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、其他辅助剂、加溶剂、渗透提高剂、保护性胶体、粘合剂、增稠剂、保湿剂、趋避剂、引诱剂、进食刺激剂、增容剂、杀菌剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、着色剂、增粘剂和粘结剂。
合适的表面活性剂为表面活性化合物,例如阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性表面活性剂、嵌段聚合物、聚电解质及其混合物。该类表面活性剂可用作乳化剂、分散剂、加溶剂、润湿剂、渗透提高剂、保护性胶体或助剂。表面活性剂的实例列于McCutcheon’s,第1卷:Emulsifiers&Detergents,McCutcheon’s Directories,Glen Rock,USA,2008(国际版或北美版)中。
合适的非离子表面活性剂为烷氧基化物表面活性剂,N-取代的脂肪酸酰胺,胺氧化物,酯,糖基表面活性剂,聚合物表面活性剂及其混合物。烷氧基化物表面活性剂的实例为诸如已经被1-50当量烷氧基化的醇、烷基酚、胺、酰胺、芳基酚、脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯的化合物。可将氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯用于烷氧基化,优选氧化乙烯。N-取代的脂肪酸酰胺的实例是脂肪酸葡糖酰胺或脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺。酯的实例为脂肪酸酯,甘油酯或甘油单酯。糖基表面活性剂的实例为脱水山梨醇、乙氧基化脱水山梨醇、蔗糖和葡萄糖酯或烷基多葡糖苷。聚合物表面活性剂的实例为乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯醇或乙酸乙烯酯的均聚物或共聚物。
合适的阳离子表面活性剂为季型表面活性剂,例如具有1或2个疏水性基团的季铵化合物,或长链伯胺的盐。合适的两性表面活性剂为烷基甜菜碱和咪唑啉类。合适的嵌段聚合物为包含聚氧化乙烯和聚氧化丙烯嵌段的A-B或A-B-A型嵌段聚合物,或包含链烷醇、聚氧化乙烯和聚氧化丙烯的A-B-C型嵌段聚合物。合适的聚电解质为聚酸或聚碱。聚酸的实例为聚丙烯酸的碱金属盐或聚酸梳状聚合物。聚碱的实例是聚乙烯基胺或聚乙烯胺。
合适的其他辅助剂是本身具有可忽略的农药活性或者本身甚至没有农药活性且改善该农药对目标物的生物学性能的化合物。实例为表面活性剂,矿物油或植物油以及其他助剂。其他实例由Knowles,Adjuvants and Additives,Agrow Reports DS256,T&FInforma UK,2006,第5章列出。
合适的增稠剂为多糖(例如黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素)、无机粘土(有机改性的或未改性的)、聚羧酸盐、聚醚、异氰酸酯连接的聚醚、聚乙烯醇和硅酸盐。
合适的杀菌剂为拌棉醇(bronopol)和异噻唑啉酮衍生物如烷基异噻唑啉酮类和苯并异噻唑啉酮类。
合适的防冻剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、尿素和甘油。
合适的消泡剂为聚硅氧烷、长链醇和脂肪酸的盐。
合适的着色剂(例如呈红色、蓝色或绿色)为低水溶性颜料和水溶性染料。实例为无机着色剂(例如氧化铁、氧化钛、六氰合铁酸铁)和有机着色剂(例如茜素着色剂、偶氮着色剂和酞菁着色剂)。
合适的增粘剂或粘结剂为聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸酯、生物或合成蜡,和纤维素醚。
所述农业化学组合物通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%,最优选0.5-75重量%的活性物质(即农药)。活性物质以90-100%,优选95-100%的纯度使用(根据NMR谱)。
当用于植物保护时,活性物质的施用量取决于所需的效果类型为0.001-6kg/ha,优选0.005-2kg/ha,更优选0.05-0.9kg/ha,特别是0.1-0.75kg/ha。
在植物繁殖材料如种子的处理(例如通过撒粉、包衣或浸泡种子)中,通常要求活性物质的量为0.1-1000g/100kg,优选1-1000g/100kg,更优选1-100g/100kg,最优选5-100g/100kg繁殖材料(优选种子)。
当用于保护材料或储存产品时,活性物质的施用量取决于施用区域的类型和所需的效果。在材料保护中常用的施用量为0.001g至2kg,优选0.005g至1kg活性物质/立方米被处理材料。
可向活性物质或包含它们的组合物中加入各种类型的油、润湿剂、助剂、肥料或微量营养素和其他农药(例如除草剂、杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、生长调节剂、安全剂)以作为预混物,或者合适的话在紧临使用前加入(桶混剂)。这些试剂可以以1:100-100:1,优选1:10-10:1的重量比与本发明的组合物混合。
在即用配制剂(例如桶混物)中式(I)的共分散剂的浓度在大多数情况下为0.01-50g/l,优选0.08-10g/l,特别是0.5-8g/l。
在即用配制剂(例如桶混物)中的水的浓度在大多数情况下为至少60重量%,优选至少75重量%,特别是至少90重量%。
桶混物通常是在防治植物病原性真菌和/或不希望的植物和/或不希望的昆虫或螨虫侵染和/或调节植物生长的方法中即用(例如通过喷雾)的含水液体。
用户通常由预剂量装置、背包式喷雾器、喷雾桶、喷雾飞机或灌溉系统施用本发明的组合物。通常用水、缓冲剂和/或其他辅助剂将所述农业化学组合物配制至所需的施用浓度,由此获得即用喷雾液或本发明的农业化学组合物。每公顷农业利用区通常施用20-2000升,优选50-400升,非常优选50-200升即用喷雾液。
在另一实施方案中,本发明组合物的单个组分或部分预混组分,例如包含农药和辅助剂的组分可以由用户在喷雾罐中混合,如果合适的话,则可以加入其他助剂和添加剂。在另一实施方案中,本发明组合物的单个组分或部分预混组分,例如包含农药和/或助剂的组分可以共同施用(例如在桶混之后)或连续施用。
此外,本发明涉及一种防治植物病原性真菌和/或不希望的植物生长和/或不希望的昆虫或螨虫侵袭和/或调节植物生长的方法,其中使本发明包含农药和式(I)的烷氧基化物的组合物作用于相应有害物、其环境或待保护以防相应有害物的作物植物上、作用于土壤上和/或作用于不希望的植物和/或作用于作物植物和/或其环境上。
此外,本发明涉及一种防治植物病原性真菌和/或不希望的植物生长和/或不希望的昆虫或螨虫侵袭和/或调节植物生长的方法,其中使本发明包含农药和式(I)的烷氧基化物的组合物作用于相应有害物、其环境或待保护以防相应有害物的作物植物上、作用于土壤上和/或作用于不希望的植物和/或作用于作物植物和/或其环境上。
合适作物植物的实例为禾谷类,例如小麦、黑麦、大麦、小黑麦、燕麦或稻;甜菜,例如糖用甜菜或饲用甜菜;仁果、核果和浆果,例如苹果、梨、李、桃、杏仁、樱桃、草莓、悬钩子、黑莓或鹅莓;豆科植物,例如蚕豆、兵豆、豌豆、苜蓿或大豆;油料作物,例如油菜籽油菜、芥菜、橄榄、向日葵、椰子、可可豆、蓖麻豆、油棕、花生或大豆;葫芦科植物,例如南瓜、黄瓜或甜瓜;纤维作物,例如棉花、亚麻、大麻或黄麻;柑桔类水果,例如橙子、柠檬、葡萄柚或橘;蔬菜植物,例如菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、西红柿、土豆、南瓜或或柿子椒;月桂科植物,例如鳄梨、肉桂或樟脑;能量作物和工业原料作物,例如玉米、大豆、小麦、油菜籽油菜、甘蔗或油棕;玉米;烟草;坚果;咖啡;茶;香蕉;葡萄(食用葡萄和酿酒用葡萄);啤酒花;禾草,例如草坪;甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudania);橡胶植物和森林植物,例如花卉、灌木、落叶树和针叶树;和植物繁殖材料,例如种子;以及这些植物的收获产品。
术语作物植物还包括已经通过育种、诱变或重组方法修饰的那些植物,包括上市销售或处于开发过程中的农业生物技术产品。基因修饰植物是其基因材料以在自然条件下无法通过杂交、突变或自然重组(即基因材料的重组)进行的方式修饰的植物。此时,通常将一个或多个基因整合到植物的基因材料中以改善植物的性能。该类重组修饰还包括蛋白质、寡肽或多肽的翻译后修饰,例如通过糖基化或连接聚合物,例如异戊二烯化、乙酰化或法呢基化基团或PEG基团。
本发明还涉及包含本发明组合物的种子(如种子或其他植物繁殖材料)。植物繁殖材料可以用本发明组合物在播种时或甚至在播种前或在移植时或甚至在移植前进行预防性处理。对于种子的处理,通常使用水溶性浓缩物(LS)、悬浮液(FS)、粉尘(DS)、水分散性和水溶性粉末(WS、SS)、乳液(ES)、可乳化浓缩物(EC)和凝胶(GF)。这些组合物可以以未稀释的形式或优选以稀释形式施用于繁殖材料,特别是种子。在此,所述组合物可以稀释2-10倍,使得用于拌种的组合物中存在0.01-60重量%,优选0.1-40重量%的活性物质。施用可以在播种之前或期间进行。植物繁殖材料的处理,特别是种子的处理是本领域技术人员已知的并且通过撒粉、包衣、造粒、浸渍或浸泡植物繁殖材料而进行,处理优选通过造粒、包衣和撒粉而进行,或者通过犁沟处理而进行,例如以防止种子的过早萌发。优选使用悬浮液来处理种子。通常该类组合物包含1-800g/l的活性物质,1-200g/l的表面活性剂,0-200g/l的防冻剂,0-400g/l的粘合剂,0-200g/l着色剂和溶剂,优选水。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的式(I)的烷氧基化物在改进农药效力中的用途。通常,与同样使用农药而不使用式(I)的烷氧基化物相比,效力得到改进。
本发明的优点在于微胶囊的平均粒度D50可以非常低;微胶囊的平均粒度D50可以非常窄;微胶囊的平均粒度D50可以非常低且窄;当微胶囊在水相中合成时,包封高百分比的农药;农药在长期内释放。
下文的实施例阐述了本发明,而不施加任何限制。
实施例
木素磺酸盐A:木素磺酸钠,粉状,可溶于水,平均分子量为2700-3100道尔顿,总硫约为10-11%。
润湿剂:烷基萘磺酸缩合物,钠盐,在水中30%。
农药A:式(A)的苯并嗪酮除草剂
多异氰酸酯A:基于4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的多异氰酸酯,包含高官能度的低聚物和异构体,无溶剂液体,平均官能度为2.7,NCO含量为32g/100g。
杀菌剂:2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮的混合物。
消泡剂:聚硅氧烷消泡剂。
共分散剂A:式(I)的共分散剂,其中R1为C10-16烷基;X为-P(O)(Ra)(OH);Ra为R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y或-OH;n为2,m为3;x为约10-15,y为约0-5;在水中约70-80重量%,pH约1-3。
共分散剂B:式(I)的共分散剂,其中R1为C12-14烷基;X为-SO3Na;n为2;x为约25-35,y为0;钠盐;在水中约30重量%。
实施例1(对比例,无共分散剂)
水相的制备:向1311g水中加入36g木素磺化盐、18g润湿剂,且将pH调节至约11.5。
油相的制备:将1142g精噻吩草胺与300g玉米油和72.5g农药A混合。得到均匀的溶液后,加入47.7g多异氰酸酯A。
胺相的制备:制备25%的1,6-六亚甲基二胺水溶液。
成品溶液(finish solution):制备6g生物杀伤剂、3g黄原胶、1.8g消泡剂在200g水中的浆料。
乳液的制备和包封:将上述油相在20-25℃下加入上述水相中,并用高剪切设备乳化。乳化后,用低剪切搅拌器代替乳化装置,并加入72g的胺相。随后,使该分散体在室温下静置30分钟。在搅拌下,将成品溶液加入胶囊分散体中,并通过加入乙酸将pH调节至pH6。
实施例2(对比例,共分散剂FLK)
如对比例1中所述制备样品,其中在制备水相时加入30g的FLK。
实施例3(对比例,共分散剂D425)
如对比例1所述制备样品,其中在制备水相时加入30gD425。
在包封步骤期间形成不适用的奶酪状固体物质。
实施例4
如对比例1所述制备样品,其中在制备水相时加入30g的共分散剂A。
实施例5
如对比例1所述制备样品,其中在制备水相时加入30g的共分散剂B。
实施例6-粒度和游离农药
实施例1-5的样品的粒度分布根据欧洲标准ISO13320EN通过使用MalvernMastersizer 2000的静态激光散射测定。使用Malvern Instruments提供的“通用模型”的软件根据米氏理论处理数据。重要的参数是表示散射直径的dn值,在其以下测得n体积%。n=10、50和90的d值与d10、d50和d90值相关。结果总结在表1中。
未包封在实施例1-5的样品中的游离农药的量如下测定:首先,制备10重量%的泊洛沙姆335(PE10500)溶液,将其用乙酸调节至pH5。该溶液充当油相的未包封或未良好包封的液滴的接收溶液。向250ml的接收溶液中加入125mg微胶囊配制剂并搅拌10分钟。随后,将样品通过0.2μmTeflon过滤器以取出完整的微胶囊。在滤液中,通过反相HPLC测定农药A的量,以农药A的总量占100%(=100%的“游离除草剂”,例如如果根本没有包封发生,则测得其)的方式进行归一化。结果总结在表1中。
表1
实施例1a) | 实施例2a) | 实施例3a),b) | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | |
d10[μm] | 39 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 |
d50[μm] | 55 | 6 | – | 7 | 8 |
d90[μm] | 75 | 15 | – | 21 | 18 |
游离农药[%] | 1 | 45 | – | 4 | 8 |
a)对比例。
b)用测试的共分散剂未形成微胶囊。
在不使用共分散剂的对比例1中,仅制得具有大粒度的微胶囊。使用与式(I)的共分散剂不同的共分散剂的对比例2和3,未包封高百分比的农药,或者包封程序产生了不可用的奶酪状固体。仅通过在实施例4和5中使用式(I)的共分散剂,实现了小的微胶囊以及低百分比的游离农药。
Claims (15)
1.一种在水相中包含以下组分的含水组合物:
-微胶囊,其包含壳和核,其中所述核包含农药;
-磺酸盐,其选自木素磺化盐、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物或其混合物;和
-式(I)的共分散剂
R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-X (I)
其中
R1为C6-C18单元;
X为–P(O)(Ra)(OH)、-CH2-CH2-PO3H2、-CH2-CH2-CO2H、-SO3H、
-CH2-CH2-CH2-SO3H或其盐;
Ra为R1-O-(CnH2nO)x-(CmH2mO)y-或OH;
n、m彼此独立地为2-6的值;
x、y彼此独立地为0-100的值;和
x+y为1-100的值。
2.根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述组合物包含0.1-5重量%的磺酸盐。
3.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中所述磺酸盐是木素磺化盐。
4.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中R1是C6-C18烷基。
5.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的组合物,其中X为-P(O)(Ra)(OH)、-SO3H或其盐。
6.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的组合物,其中所述组合物包含0.1-5重量%的共分散剂。
7.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的组合物,其中所述微胶囊的壳是聚脲壳。
8.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的组合物,其中所述磺酸盐与共分散剂的重量比为4:1-1:4。
9.根据权利要求1-9中任一项的组合物,其中所述微胶囊具有1-20μm的平均粒度D50。
10.根据权利要求1-10中任一项的组合物,其中所述农药以至多10g/l溶于水中。
11.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中n和m彼此独立地为2或3的值;x和y彼此独立地为0-50的值;x+y为5-50的值。
12.一种通过在磺酸盐和共分散剂存在下在水相中合成微胶囊而制备根据权利要求1-11中任一项的组合物的方法。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中微胶囊通过多异氰酸酯和多胺的缩聚而合成。
14.根据权利要求12或13的方法,其中水相包含呈乳化形式的水不混溶性溶剂。
15.一种防治植物病原性真菌和/或不希望的植物生长和/或不希望的昆虫或螨虫侵袭和/或调节植物生长的方法,其中使如权利要求1-11中任一项中定义的组合物作用于相应有害物、其环境或待保护以防相应有害物的作物植物上,作用于土壤上和/或作用于不希望的植物上和/或作用于作物植物和/或其环境上。
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