CN107527873B - 用于海底应用的高压功率电子模块 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开涉及一种用于海底应用的高压功率电子模块(1)。功率电子模块(1)包括:基板(3),布置在基板(3)上的功率半导体芯片(7),和布置在基板(3)上且配置成封装功率半导体芯片(7)的封装结构(5),其中封装结构(5)是具有在室温下在1至20吉帕斯卡GPa的范围内的弹性模量和小于20ppm/K的热膨胀系数的环氧树脂。
Description
技术领域
本公开大体涉及高压功率模块。特别地,涉及用于海底应用的高压功率电子模块。
背景技术
诸如绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)等的功率半导体器件已发现用在广泛应用中,例如作为用于高压应用的功率转换器中的构建块。
IGBT功率模块的示例示出在US 2014/0319669A1中,其公开了包括功率半导体芯片的功率模块。功率模块进一步包括容纳功率半导体芯片的壳体。硅凝胶将壳体内的功率半导体芯片密封。
近年来,对于将电气设施安装在从几十米到甚至几公里深度的海床上的兴趣越来越大。石油和天然气生产海底采用变频器驱动的像钻机、泵和压缩机一样的电动设备。
在将功率电子器件带到海底时,存在两个一般概念:(1)设备在压力容器中保持处于或接近大气压力;和(2)设备被加压到海底上的静水压力水平,这可能是数百巴。两个概念可以区分如下。概念(1)具有可以使用从陆上设施已知的标准电动/电子部件的优点,而缺点包括外壳所需的厚壁以承受内侧与外侧之间的压力差。厚壁使得设备沉重且昂贵。概念(2)具有外壳不需要厚壁的优点,因为容器的内侧与外侧之间的压力差远小于概念(1)。
概念类型(2)的海底模块用诸如油等的介电液体填充,以抵消海底模块外壳的变形并且以提供包含在海底模块中的电气部件之间的足够的电气绝缘。
发明内容
硅凝胶封装的功率模块理论上归因于其机械变形性而可以在高压力环境中使用。然而,实际上硅凝胶封装的功率模块不能在概念类型(2)的海底模块中使用,因为硅凝胶会溶解于介电流体中,造成功率模块失效。
环氧树脂一般可以与介电流体相容,但是一般环氧树脂外壳的问题是,在高压力环境中,归因于极端周边环境静水压力,并且因为基板和封装由不同材料制成,所以在功率模块的基板与环氧树脂封装之间的界面区域中会产生非常高的拉伸和剪切应力集中。对于用于高压应用的功率模块来说这尤其是个问题,因为这样的功率模块的物理尺寸会大于较低电压模块的物理尺寸。至此,用于高压功率模块的一般环氧树脂外壳如果在高压力环境使用将会开裂。
鉴于以上情况,本公开的一般目的是提供一种用于高压力海底应用的高压功率电子模块。
因此,根据本公开的第一方面,提供一种用于海底应用的高压功率电子模块,其中功率电子模块包括:基板,布置在基板上的功率半导体芯片,和布置在基板上且配置成封装功率半导体芯片的封装结构,其中封装结构是具有在室温下在1至20吉帕斯卡(GPa) 的范围内的弹性模量和小于20ppm/K的热膨胀系数的环氧树脂。
借助于具有上面指示的机械性质的环氧树脂的封装结构,可以提供被配置成用于在非常高的压力下、例如在几百巴的数量级的静水压力下的高压应用的功率电子模块。
根据一个实施例,热膨胀系数在10ppm/K至12ppm/K的范围内。
根据一个实施例,环氧树脂具有至少75重量%的填料含量。环氧树脂因此包括至少75重量%的填料材料。环氧树脂的这些性质将确保在宽范围的温度内、例如在室温与高达150℃之间与介电流体是相容的,并因此能够有益地在上面描述的概念类型(2)的海底模块中使用。
关于环氧树脂与介电流体是相容的意味着环氧树脂的承受介电流体而组成和性质上没有改变的能力,往往称作耐化学性,和介电流体的承受环氧树脂而没有劣化和污染的能力。
根据一个实施例,在垂直于由基板的在其上布置有功率半导体芯片的表面限定的平面的穿过封装结构的任何横截面中,封装结构具有圆形内角部。
根据一个实施例,各圆形内角部具有至少1mm的半径。
根据一个实施例,在垂直于由基板的在其上布置有功率半导体芯片的表面限定的平面的穿过封装结构的任何横截面中,封装结构具有圆形外角部。
根据一个实施例,各圆形外角部具有至少1mm的半径。
根据一个实施例,在封装结构的所述横截面中任何圆形内角部和圆形外角部由形成封装结构的外边界的倾斜线连接。
根据一个实施例,倾斜线中的至少一些与所述平面之间的外角度是钝角。
根据一个实施例,倾斜线中的至少一些与所述平面之间的外角度是至少100度。
根据一个实施例,倾斜线中的至少一些与所述平面之间的外角度是约105度。
根据一个实施例,功率电子模块被配置成在至少1700V下操作。
根据一个实施例,功率电子模块是IGBT模块。
根据本公开的第二方面,提供有一种海底模块,包括:柔性外壳,用于抵消柔性外壳的机械变形的介电流体,和根据第一方面的高压功率电子模块,其中高压功率电子模块被浸没在介电流体中。
一般地,权利要求所使用中的所有术语都应该根据它们在本技术领域中的普通含义来解释,除非这里另有明确限定。对“一/一个/ 该元件、设备、组成部件、部件”等的所有引用应该被开放地解释为是指元件、设备、组成部件、部件等中的至少一个实例,除非另有明确陈述。
附图说明
现在将参照附图通过示例的方式描述本发明的概念的具体实施例,其中:
图1示意性地示出高压功率电子模块的横截面;和
图2示意性地示出图1中的高压功率电子模块的横截面图的一部分的特写图。
具体实施方式
现在将在下文中参照其中示出示例性实施例的附图更充分地描述本发明的概念。然而本发明的概念可以以很多同的形式来体现并且不应该解释为限于本文所陈述的实施例;而是,这些实施例是通过示例的方式提供的使得该公开将是彻底且完整的,并且会将本发明的概念充分地传达给本领域技术人员。同样的附图标记贯穿描述是指同样的元件。
本公开涉及诸如高压功率半导体模块等的高压功率电子模块。这样的模块的示例是IGBT模块、集成栅极换流晶闸管(IGCT)模块和晶闸管模块。本文所公开的高压功率电子模块尤其适于高压力环境,特别是模块在其中经受周边环境静水压力的海底环境。在下文中称为“功率电子模块”的高压功率电子模块包括基板、布置在基板上的功率半导体芯片和封装结构。封装结构也布置在基板上,并且被配置成封装功率半导体芯片。
封装结构是制得相对软的环氧树脂以承受高应力、特别是减少或消除封装结构与基板之间的界面中的开裂的风险。至此,环氧树脂具有室温下不大于20吉帕斯卡的弹性模量,例如室温下不大于13 吉帕斯卡,诸如室温下不大于10吉帕斯卡。弹性模量也优选地室温下不小于1吉帕斯卡,优选地室温下不小于5吉帕斯卡,例如室温下不小于7吉帕斯卡。如果弹性模块太小,则环氧树脂变得太软,增加了与介电流体不相容的风险,造成环氧树脂可能溶解在介电流体中。
此外,环氧树脂具有小于玻璃化转变以下的每百万分之20(ppm) /开尔文(K)的热膨胀系数,例如小于15ppm/K,或12ppm/K,或约11ppm/K。关于“约”11ppm/K这里意味着加/减1ppm/K的变化,因此意味着在10ppm/K与12ppm/K之间的范围。此外,环氧树脂的翘曲优选小于0.1%。
环氧树脂的热膨胀系数优选地选择成接近于基板材料和功率半导体芯片的材料和封装结构与之机械接触的任何其他材料的热膨胀系数。根据一个示例,基板可以由镀镍的99.95%的钼制成,其具有约5ppm/K的热膨胀系数。
环氧树脂优选地在封装结构的制造过程期间具有低收缩率。收缩率优选地约1%。至此,鉴于封装结构的上面限定的机械性质,封装结构有利地在传递模塑过程中制造。
组成封装结构的环氧树脂进一步优选地在宽范围的温度内与诸如有机油等的介电流体相容。至此,环氧树脂可以包括至少75重量%的填料材料,例如至少80重量%、至少82重量%或至少84.5重量%。填料材料含量的这种量导致吸湿性的改善。填料材料可以是例如二氧化硅。此外,如上面提到的,可以在宽的温度范围内、例如在室温与高达150℃之间确保与介电流体的相容性。
本文将高压限定为从600V开始的电压,例如1200V,诸如1700V 或比1700V更高的电压,例如4600V。电压越高,环氧树脂上的热应力越大,并因此基板与封装结构之间的界面中的开裂的可能性越大。
借助于环氧树脂的以上机械和化学性质,本文公开的高压功率电子模块尤其适于介电流体环境中的高压力海底应用。
参照图1至图2,现在将描述包括如上面所描述的封装结构的高压功率电子模块的示例。
图1示出功率电子模块1的示例,其包括基板3、布置在基板3 上的至少一个功率半导体芯片7和布置在基板上并被配置成封装至少一个功率半导体芯片7的封装结构5。示例性封装结构5具有多个开口5a。功率电子模块1还包括设置在开口5a中的多个按压销/预成型件9,每一个能够实现与相应功率半导体芯片7的连接。
图1所示的横截面垂直于由基板3的在其上布置有功率半导体芯片7的那个表面限定的平面P。在任何这样的横截面中,封装结构 5具有有着圆形内角部和圆形外角部的设计。圆形内角部是凹形的,在封装结构5中形成凹陷。圆形外角部是凸形的,在封装结构5中形成突起。
在图1中,封装结构5具有圆形内角部和圆形外角部的区域R 用椭圆标记。该区域R被更详细地示出在图2中。圆形内角部5b的半径r可以例如为至少1mm,例如近似1mm或等于1mm,并且圆形外角部5c的半径r可以例如为至少1mm,例如近似1mm或等于1mm。在横截面中,在相邻的圆形内角部5b与圆形外角部5c之间存在有倾斜线5d。该倾斜线5d连接圆形内角部5b和圆形外角部5c,并且形成封装结构体5的外边界。
倾斜线5d与由基板3限定的平面P之间的外角度α为钝角。“外角度”应解释为从基板3的在其上布置有封装结构5的表面到封装结构5、特别是形成封装结构5的外表面的一部分的倾斜线5的角度。对于倾斜线5d中的至少一些,外角度α优选为约105°。特别地,角度α优选在100°至110°的范围内。具有圆形内角部5b和圆形外角部5c及连接圆形角部的倾斜线5d的设计提供了功率半导体芯片7的应力减小。这确保功率半导体芯片7能够挺过高的静水压力和温度变化条件。
需要注意的是,预制件设计允许功率电子模块的更安全的制造过程。根据一个变型,在与例如通过焊接将功率半导体芯片附接至基板的同时,通过例如焊接将预制件附接至功率半导体芯片、例如发射极。然后可以在传递模塑程序中将封装结构提供到基板和功率半导体芯片的子组件上。预制件在制造过程中保护功率半导体芯片。
高压功率电子模块可以根据一个应用布置在包括用于提供压力补偿的柔性外壳的海底模块中。海底模块可以进一步包括诸如油等的介电流体,其填充外壳并限制外壳的机械变形。高压功率电子模块布置在海底模块中,并且浸没在介电流体中。封装结构因此与介电流体接触。根据一个变型,海底模块可以包括形成海底功率转换器的多个高压功率电子模块。
可以设想,本文所呈现的高压功率电子模块在石油和天然气工业内找到应用,例如用于海底HVDC/HVAC功率提供系统,即输电和配电系统,以及诸如风能、潮汐能、波浪能和洋流能等的海上发电。多个这些高压功率电子模块可以例如形成高压海底功率转换器的一部分。
上面已经参照几个示例主要描述了本发明的概念。然而,如本领域技术人员容易理解的那样,除了上面所公开的那些以外的其他实施例同样可能在所附权利要求所限定的本发明的概念的范围内。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于海底应用的高压功率电子模块(1),其中所述功率电子模块(1)包括:
基板(3),
布置在所述基板(3)上的功率半导体芯片(7),和
布置在所述基板(3)上且配置成封装所述功率半导体芯片(7)的封装结构(5),
其中所述封装结构(5)是具有在室温下在1至20吉帕斯卡(GPa)的范围内的弹性模量和小于20ppm/K的热膨胀系数的环氧树脂;
其中在垂直于由所述基板(3)的在其上布置有所述功率半导体芯片(7)的表面限定的平面(P)的穿过所述封装结构(5)的任何横截面中,所述封装结构(5)具有圆形内角部(5b),其中所述圆形内角部是凹形的,在所述封装结构中形成凹陷。
2.如权利要求1所述的功率电子模块(1),其中所述热膨胀系数在10ppm/K至12ppm/K的范围内。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的功率电子模块(1),其中所述环氧树脂具有至少75重量%的填料含量。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的功率电子模块(1),其中各圆形内角部(5b)具有至少1mm的半径(r)。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的功率电子模块(1),其中在垂直于由所述基板(3)的在其上布置有所述功率半导体芯片(7)的表面限定的平面(P)的穿过所述封装结构(5)的任何横截面中,所述封装结构(5)具有圆形外角部(5c);其中所述圆形外角部是凸形的,在所述封装结构中形成突起。
6.如权利要求5所述的功率电子模块(1),其中各圆形外角部(5c)具有至少1mm的半径(r)。
7.如权利要求5所述的功率电子模块(2),其中在所述封装结构(5)的所述横截面中任何圆形内角部(5a)和圆形外角部(5c)由形成所述封装结构(5)的外边界的倾斜线(5d)连接。
8.如权利要求7所述的功率电子模块(1),其中所述倾斜线(5d)中的至少一些与所述平面(P)之间的外角度(α)是钝角。
9.如权利要求7所述的功率电子模块(1),其中所述倾斜线(5d)中的至少一些与所述平面(P)之间的外角度(α)是至少100度。
10.如权利要求7所述的功率电子模块(1),其中所述倾斜线(5d)与所述平面(P)之间的外角度(α)是105度。
11.如权利要求1、2和6-10中的任一项所述的功率电子模块(1),其中所述功率电子模块(1)被配置成在至少1700V下操作。
12.如权利要求1、2和6-10中的任一项所述的功率电子模块(1),其中所述功率电子模块(1)是IGBT模块。
13.一种海底模块,包括:
柔性外壳,
用于抵消所述柔性外壳的机械变形的介电流体,和
如权利要求1至12中的任一项所述的高压功率电子模块(1),其中所述高压功率电子模块(1)被浸没在所述介电流体中。
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