CN1075273C - 消除反向峰压的电路 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
- H02M1/348—Passive dissipative snubbers
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Abstract
一种消除反向峰压的电路包括:开关整流装置,用于对反向瞬变电压进行整流;充电装置,用于对开关整流装置的输出电压进行充电;以及并联于充电装置的放电装置,用于对在充电装置上充电的电压进行放电。根据本发明,该电路能够有效地消除反向瞬变电压,诸如反向浪涌电压或反向环形电压等,而并不限定频率。另外,该电路可以防止有关部件升温。因此,能保证部件的稳定性。并且由于各个元件的反向耐压较低,能降低成本。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于消除在电源电路中产生的反向峰压的电路。
通常,受由前级电路输出电压的变化所引起的脉冲型冲击浪涌电压或震荡型瞬变环形电压的影响有些电路产生应变。这样的应变电路可以是一种整流电路、电感电路,例如包括线圈的电路,这些电路按照电流变化产生反向电动势,以及是其它电路,它们与输出以脉冲形式变化的电压的电路相连接。这种瞬变电压的输入会影响后面的电路,结果,会导致工作错误并降低其中元件的寿命期。在严重的情况下,可能损坏相关联的部件。
为了解决上述问题,典型地,已提出一种由电容或电阻与电容串联构成的缓冲器电路。在图1和2中示出了这种缓冲器电路的两个例子。
图1是说明给直流(DC)-DC转换器结构施加常规缓冲器电路一例的电路图。如该图所示,该DC-DC转换器包括一个开关场效应晶体管Q1,用于响应开关脉冲信号进行ON/OFF操作。开关场效应晶体管Q1具有其用于输入开关脉冲信号的栅极端和其连接于电压源地端的源极端。该DC-DC转换器还包括一个具有初级和次级线圈的电源变压器T1。电源变压器T1的初级线圈具有,其连接到DC电源电压源+Vcc的一端和其连接到开关场效应晶体管Q1的漏极端的另一端。电源变压器T1的次级线圈具有其连接于电压源地端的一端。该DC-DC转换器还包括一个连接到电源变压器T1的次级线圈的另一端的整流电路。该整流电路包括一个整流二极管D1,二极管D1使其阳极连接于电源变压器T1次级线圈的另一端,以及一个充电电容C1,它具有其连接到整流二极管D1阴极的正极和其连接到电压源地端的负极。
缓冲器电路包括一个充电电容C2,并联于整流电路的整流二极管D1两端。
下文将描述带有上述结构的DC-DC转换器的操作。
首先,响应开关脉冲信号使开关场效应晶体管Q1反复地进行接通和关断,使得在电源变压器T1的初级线圈中能周期性地感生能量。结果是,在电源变压器T1的次级线圈中以脉冲形式产生电压。然后,电源变压器T1次级线圈中的这一电压经过整流二极管D1进行整流并由充电电容器C1进行平滑。该被整流并经过平滑的电压就是最后的DC输出电压。
在上述操作期间,在电源变压器T1次级线圈的电压电平低变为高的那一瞬间,处于高电平的瞬时正向浪涌电压即被施加到整流二极管D1上,而后被整流二极管D1及充电电容C1吸收并消除。另一方面,在电源变压器T1的次级线圈的电压电平由高变为低的一瞬间,则有一个高电平的瞬时反向峰压(反向浪涌电压)施加到整流二极管D1上。此时,若所加的反向峰压高于整流二极管D1的反向耐压,就会毁坏该整流二极管D1。在这种情况下,当电源变压器T1的次级线圈的电压为高电平时,向缓冲器电路的充电电容C2充电的电压通过电源变压器T1的次级线圈进行放电。结果,跨整流二极管D1的反向峰值电压即被旁路而消除。
但是,该充电电容C2在电容容量方面受到限制。一般地,电容器的电流可表达如下:
ic=C(dv/dt)
由于反向峰压的脉冲宽度很窄(即,dv/dt值大),在充电电容C2的容量大的情况下,流过电容C2的电流ic2的电流量增大。随着电流ic2的大小增大,充电电容C2即产生热量,所产生的热损害充电电容C2并升高相关部件的温度,导致对整个部件的稳定性有不良的影响。进而,当反向峰压的频率高于一特定的频率时,由于充电电容器C2的放电时间的限制,就不能消除反向峰压。
图2是说明给直流DC-DC转换器结构施加常规缓冲器电路另一例的电路图。此图的结构,除缓冲器电路还包括与充电电容器C2相串联的电阻R1之外,都与图1的相同。
在图2中,当产生反向峰压时,在放电回路中就包括电阻R1。结果,由于电阻R1的阻值减小,充电电容C2的容量即增加。可是,类似于图1的结构,频率要受到电阻R1和电容C2的限制。而且,由于充电电容C2容量的增大及电阻R1阻值的减小而发热。
因此,鉴于上述问题而作出了本发明,本发明的目的在于提供一种消除反向峰压的电路,在该电路中设置开关整流电路,它能有效地消除由前级电路的输出电压的急剧变化所引起的反向瞬变电压比如反向浪涌电压或反向环形电压,而频带并不受到限制,并可防止因为发热致使相关部件变成不稳定。
根据本发明,通过提供一种消除反向峰压的电路可以实现上述和其它目的,该消除反向峰压的电路包括:开关整流装置,用于对反向瞬变电压进行整流;充电装置,用于在其中对开关整流装置的输出电压进行充电;以及并联于充电装置的放电装置,用于对在充电装置上充电的电压进行放电。
结合附图,通过下述详细说明本发明的上述和其它目的、特点及优点将变得更清楚,其中:
图1是说明给DC-DC转换器结构施加常规缓冲器电路一例的电路图;
图2是说明给DC-DC转换器结构施加常规缓冲器电路另一例的电路图;
图3a是说明给DC-DC转换器结构施加根据本发明的消除反向峰压电路的实施例的电路框图;
图3b是图3a中DC-DC转换器的详细电路图;
图4a是说明在本发明的电路施加之前的浪涌电压的波形图;
图4b是图4a中浪涌电压的局部放大图;
图5a是说明根据本发明的已衰减了的反向峰压的波形图;以及
图5b是图5a中的反向峰压的局部放大图。
图3a是说明给DC-DC转换器结构施加根据本发明的消除反向峰压电路的实施例的电路框图。如该图所示,此DC-DC转换器包括脉冲电压发生器1,用于以脉冲形式产生电平上急剧变化的电压;整流电路3,用于对来自脉冲电压发生器1的输出电压进行整流并抑制正向浪涌和正向环形电压;以及并联于该整流电路3的消除反向峰压的电路2,用于消除反向浪涌和反向环形电压。
参照图1和2,如前所述脉冲电压发生器1包括开关场效应晶体管Q1和电源变压器T1。
参照图1和2,如前所述整流电路3包括整流二极管D1和充电电容器C1。
该消除反向峰压的电路2包括:一个充电电容器C2′,具有其连接于整流电路3中的整流二极管D1的阴极的一端;放电电阻R1′,与充电电容器C2′相并联;以及开关整流二极管D2,使其阳极串联于上述RC并联电路并且使其阴极与整流二极管D1的阳极相连接。
下面将详细描述具有根据本发明的上述结构的DC-DC转换器的工作原理。
首先,开关场效应晶体管Q1响应开关脉冲信号反复进行接通和关断,使得在电源变压器T1的初级线圈中能够周期性地感生能量。结果是,在电源变压器T1的次级线圈中以脉冲形式产生电压。然后,该电源变压器T1次级线圈中的电压由整流二极管D1整流并且利用充电电容器C1进行平滑。该已被整流平滑的电压即为最后的DC输出电压。
在上述操作期间,在电源变压器T1的次级线圈的电压电平由低变为高的一瞬间,处于高电平的瞬时正向浪涌电压被施加到整流二极管D1上,而后被整流二极管D1和充电电容器C1所吸收并消除(参见图4和5的部分A)。当电源变压器T1次级线圈中的电压维持其高电平状态时,一反向电压即被施加到开关二极管D2上,因此不会引起充电电流流过放电电阻R1′和充电电容C2′。其结果是,当电源变压器T1次级线圈中的电压电平为低时,则在充电电容C2′上充电的电压就通过放电电阻R1′进行放电。这时,通过将放电电阻R1′的阻值设在数百KΩ到数MΩ范围内,可使放电电流很微小。
另一方面,在电源变压器T1次级线圈的电压电平由高变为低的那一瞬间,则有一个高电平的瞬时反向峰压(反向浪涌电压)施加到整流二极管D1(参见图4a和4b中的部分B)上。这时,若所加的反向峰压大于整流二极管D1的反向耐压,就会损坏该整流二极管D1。
在这种情况下,反向峰压(反向浪涌电压)经过开关二极管D2进行整流并且由充电电容C2′过滤成DC成分。这时,就使反向峰压从原来的,如图4a和4b中的“B”所示的值,衰减到由充电电容C2′和放电电阻R1′的充电和放电的时间常数确定的如图5a和5b中所示的值。其结果是,可把该整流二极管D1设置为较低的反向耐压值。而且,当电源变压器T1次级线圈中的电压电平为低时,充电电流流过充电电容C2′和开关二极管D2。一般,在开关电源电路的次级线圈中感生的脉冲电压的低电平持续时间短于其高电平持续时间(即,约为周期的15~20%)。在这方面,该充电电流的大小是相当小的。
因为该充电电流和放电电流的大小相当小,所以对有关部件的温度和稳定性没有不良影响。
虽然已将本发明应用于DC-DC转换器的整流电路上,但也可应用于任何电平急剧变化的产生脉冲电压的电路上。而且,虽然以浪涌电压方式描述了瞬变电压,但并不限于此。也就是,瞬变电压可包括震荡型的环形电压、传输线上的反常电压等等,以及浪涌电压。
从上述说明很明显地看到,本发明提供了一种具有开关整流电路的消除反向峰压的电路。该消除反向峰压的电路能够有效地消除瞬时反向瞬变电压,比如是由前级电路的输出电压的急剧变化而引起的反向浪涌电压或反向环形电压,而对频带并没有什么限制。另外,该消除反向峰压的电路可以防止由于发热而使相关部件升温。因此,本消除反向峰压的电路能够保证部件的稳定性。并且,可将部件中的整流二极管及其它元件设置为较低的反向耐压参数,结果使成本方面降低了。
虽然为了说明的目的已经公开了本发明的最佳实施例,但是,本领域的技术人员应知道,各种改变、添加和替换都是可行的,而且不会脱离如附属权利要求书所揭示的本发明的范围和精神。
Claims (4)
1.一种消除反向峰压的电路,包括:
开关整流装置,用于对反向瞬变电压进行整流;
充电装置,用于在其中对从所述开关整流装置的输出电压进行充电;以及
其特征在于还包括并联于所述充电装置的放电装置,用于使在所述充电装置上充电的电压进行放电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的消除反向峰压的电路,其特征在于,所述充电装置是一个电容器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的消除反向峰压的电路,其特征在于,所述放电装置是一个电阻器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的消除反向峰压的电路,其特征在于,所述开关整流装置是一个二极管。
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KR1019960056730A KR100325760B1 (ko) | 1996-11-22 | 1996-11-22 | 첨두역전압제거회로 |
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US9654024B2 (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2017-05-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | AC-DC converter having soft-switched totem-pole output |
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WO2016200700A1 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-12-15 | Transtector Systems, Inc. | Sealed enclosure for protecting electronics |
US10356928B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2019-07-16 | Transtector Systems, Inc. | Modular protection cabinet with flexible backplane |
US9924609B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2018-03-20 | Transtector Systems, Inc. | Modular protection cabinet with flexible backplane |
US10588236B2 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2020-03-10 | Transtector Systems, Inc. | Modular protection cabinet with flexible backplane |
US10193335B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 | 2019-01-29 | Transtector Systems, Inc. | Radio frequency surge protector with matched piston-cylinder cavity shape |
US9991697B1 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-05 | Transtector Systems, Inc. | Fail open or fail short surge protector |
KR20180093451A (ko) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-08-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전력 소모를 감소한 역전압 모니터링 회로 및 이를 포함하는 반도체 장치 |
FR3067872B1 (fr) | 2017-06-15 | 2020-03-06 | Valeo Vision | Alimentation electrique stabilisee en modulation de largeur d'impulsions |
CN108551163B (zh) * | 2018-06-22 | 2024-04-05 | 重庆金山科技(集团)有限公司 | 储能元件能量泄放与回收电路、高压电源、能量发生器及方法 |
CN112736883A (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 浪涌防护方法及装置、防护电路、存储介质 |
CN111371081A (zh) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-03 | 上海和宗焊接设备制造有限公司 | 一种降低切割机二极管尖峰电压的电路设计 |
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US3678368A (en) * | 1971-03-15 | 1972-07-18 | Westinghouse Air Brake Co | Overvoltage protection arrangement for power converters |
US3733519A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1973-05-15 | Motorola Inc | Protection circuit for regulated power supplies |
US4093877A (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1978-06-06 | Nixdorf Computer Ag | Semi-conductor switching circuit with transistor switching power loss reduction means |
US4271445A (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1981-06-02 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Solid-state protector circuitry using gated diode switch |
US4462069A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1984-07-24 | American Standard Inc. | d.c. To d.c. voltage regulator having an input protection circuit, a d.c. to d.c. inverter, a saturable reactor regulator, and main and auxiliary rectifying and filtering circuits |
FR2583590B1 (fr) * | 1985-06-12 | 1987-08-07 | Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore | Dispositif de protection d'une ligne electrique d'energie contre les surtensions transitoires elevees |
GB8816774D0 (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1988-08-17 | Bsr Int Plc | Power supplies |
US4910654A (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1990-03-20 | Uniphase Corporation | Current limiting scheme for the AC input circuit to a switch mode power supply |
US5351179A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1994-09-27 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Lossless active snubber for half-bridge output rectifiers |
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1996
- 1996-11-22 KR KR1019960056730A patent/KR100325760B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-10-24 CN CN97119100A patent/CN1075273C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-11-24 US US08/976,586 patent/US5943225A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN85108411A (zh) * | 1985-11-25 | 1987-04-15 | 交通部水运规划设计院 | 脉冲变压器反向自感电势泄放电路 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1186375A (zh) | 1998-07-01 |
US5943225A (en) | 1999-08-24 |
KR100325760B1 (ko) | 2002-06-28 |
KR19980037910A (ko) | 1998-08-05 |
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