CN107523380A - 摩擦改进剂及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种摩擦改进剂及其制备方法、应用。该剂,按重量百分数计,包括以下组分:聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐20‑40%;氢化椰子油酸35‑45%;己二酸3‑20%;季戊四醇5‑15%;三羟甲基丙烷2‑10%。上述剂可以在制备金属加工油中应用,由上述剂制备成的金属加工油,有效改进金属加工油的润滑承载能力、抗磨损性能和润滑性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑剂领域,具体涉及一种摩擦改进剂及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
硬度较大的金属或合金材料,如不锈钢,属于比较难加工的材料之一,在加工过程中需要承受高负荷,易导致工件及加工工具的磨损,尤其是当设备在高负荷、高转速条件下运行时,金属表面容易出现接触面擦伤、烧结的情况,金属加工中使用的润滑油需要有很好的润滑性、极压性及抗磨性能,而单独使用润滑剂,效果较为不理想。因此,有必要提供一种可以改善润滑剂的承载能力、抗磨损性能和润滑性能的摩擦改进剂,以减少或避免工具与工件直接接触,减轻摩擦和黏结程度,降低工件与加工工具的磨损。
发明内容
基于此,针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种改善润滑剂的抗磨性能和润滑性能的摩擦改进剂。
具体技术方案如下:
一种摩擦改进剂,按重量百分数计,包括以下组分:聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐
20-40%;氢化椰子油酸35-45%;己二酸3-20%;季戊四醇5-15%;三羟甲基丙烷2-10%。
在其中一些实施例中,上述摩擦改进剂,按重量百分数计,包括以下组分:聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐28-35%;氢化椰子油酸39-45%;己二酸8-14%;季戊四醇9-15%;三羟甲基丙烷2-8%。
在其中一些实施例中,上述摩擦改进剂,按重量百分数计,包括以下组分:聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐29-33%;氢化椰子油酸40-43%;己二酸10-12%;季戊四醇11-13%;三羟甲基丙烷3-6%。
在其中一些实施例中,上述摩擦改进剂,按重量百分数计,包括以下组分:聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐28.79%;氢化椰子油酸43.34%;己二酸11.15%;季戊四醇12.07%;三羟甲基丙烷4.64%。
本发明的另一个目的还在于,提供一种上述摩擦改进剂的制备方法。
具体技术方案如下:
一种摩擦改进剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐、氢化椰子油酸、己二酸、季戊四醇和三羟甲基丙烷加入反应釜,加入聚合催化剂后,通氮气,升温;
(2)升温至120-140℃时,保持每小时升温8-12℃;
(3)待升温至190-210℃时,保持温度2-4h;
(4)抽真空,反应至产物pH值小于5,粘度5500-6500mm2/s,即得。
在一些具体的实施例中,上述摩擦改进剂的制备方法中,聚合催化剂为单丁基氧化锡。
本发明还提供了一种上述摩擦改进剂的应用。具体技术方案如下:
上述摩擦改进剂在制备金属加工油中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种金属加工油。
具体技术方案如下:
一种金属加工油,包括上述摩擦改进剂、石蜡基基础油和金属加工油极压添加剂。
在一些具体的实施例中,金属加工油极压添加剂包括二烷基五硫化物、脂肪酸酯、氯化石蜡、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯和油溶性磷酸酯中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了一种上述金属加工油的制备方法。
具体技术方案如下:
一种上述金属加工油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述摩擦改进剂,与石蜡基基础油、极压添加剂按比例混合,常温搅拌15-30min至溶解均匀,即得。
本发明的摩擦改进剂及其在金属加工油中的应用,具有以下有益效果:
本发明的发明人通过大量的创造性劳动发现,通过聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐、氢化椰子油酸、己二酸、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷的合理配比,得到本发明所述摩擦改进剂,各组分间协同作用,应用于金属加工油时,能有效改进其润滑承载能力、抗磨损性能和润滑性能。该摩擦改进剂,不含硫、磷、氯、硼、铅、锌等元素,不存在氯离子加剧腐蚀和磷排放富营养化等问题,且无刺激性气味,在工业生产中易被接受。
本发明的摩擦改进剂在金属加工油中的应用,使金属加工油达到更好的润滑性能、抗磨性能。本发明所述摩擦改进剂组分中包括高分子化合物,形成物理吸附膜,有效润滑温度范围覆盖较广,其与硫磷氯聚合酯等极压剂复配,还可有效弥补以硫磷氯为组分的极压剂在150℃以下缺失的润滑效果。
本发明的摩擦改进剂及金属加工油的制备方法,步骤简单、工艺简单易控,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的摩擦改进剂、制备方法及其应用进行更详细的说明。
实施例1-6
本实施例所述摩擦改进剂,按重量份数计,包括以下组分,如表1所示:
表1
实施例1-6摩擦改进剂的制备方法具体包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐、氢化椰子油酸、己二酸、季戊四醇和三羟甲基丙烷加入反应釜,加入0.32重量份的单丁基氧化锡后,通氮气,升温;
(2)升温至130℃时,保持每小时升温10℃;
(3)待升温至200℃时,保持温度反应3h;
(4)抽真空,反应至产物pH值小于5,粘度大于5500mm2/s时,即可降温出料。
应用例1-7
本发明应用例1-7,提供本发明所述的摩擦改进剂在金属加工油中的应用。将实施例1-6所述摩擦改进剂分别按表2比例加入石蜡基基础油中,常温搅拌15-30min至溶解均匀,应用例7为不加入本发明所述摩擦改进剂的石蜡基础油,作为空白对照。其中,石蜡基基础油为由150N基础油和60N基础油于40℃时调和成粘度为18mm/s2的石蜡基基础油,150N基础油和60N基础油可由中国石油化工股份有限公司茂名分公司获得。
摩擦改进剂 | 石蜡基基础油 | |
应用例1 | 5%实施例1 | 加至100% |
应用例2 | 5%实施例2 | 加至100% |
应用例3 | 5%实施例3 | 加至100% |
应用例4 | 5%实施例4 | 加至100% |
应用例5 | 5%实施例5 | 加至100% |
应用例6 | 5%实施例6 | 加至100% |
应用例7 | 0% | 100% |
表2
实验例1
为评价本发明所述的摩擦改进剂在金属加工油中应用的润滑效果,本实验例采用四球试验,测定应用例1-7的最大无卡咬负荷(PB)、烧结负荷(PD)、长时间摩擦磨斑直径(D)。其中:
最大无卡咬负荷(PB):按国家标准GB/T 3142-82润滑剂承载能力测定法测定;条件如下:时间10秒;转速1450转/分;温度27±8℃,锁紧68±7N·m;
烧结负荷(PD):按国家标准GB/T 3142-82润滑剂承载能力测定法测定;条件如下:时间10秒;转速1450转/分;温度27±8℃,锁紧68±7N·m;
长时间摩擦磨斑直径(D):按行业标准SH/T 0189-92润滑油抗磨损性能测定法测定;条件如下:时间60分钟;转速1200转/分;温度75±2℃;载荷:40kg;锁紧68±7N·m。
结果如表3所示:
测试样品 | PB(kg) | PD(kg) | D(mm) |
应用例1 | 60 | 200 | 0.501 |
应用例2 | 55 | 190 | 0.534 |
应用例3 | 55 | 185 | 0.514 |
应用例4 | 50 | 190 | 0.521 |
应用例5 | 60 | 195 | 0.510 |
应用例6 | 55 | 175 | 0.522 |
应用例7 | 30 | 100 | 0.540 |
表3
对比可知,本发明所述摩擦改进剂的应用,可以明显提高PB值至50-60kg,显著高于未添加本发明所述摩擦改进剂时的30kg;明显提高PD值至175-200kg,显著高于未添加本发明所述摩擦改进剂时的100kg。其中应用例1,即实施例1所述的摩擦改进剂与石蜡基础油按比例混合,对石蜡基础油的润滑效果最好,PB值达60kg,PD值达200kg,并得到最小的磨斑直径0.501mm。
PB值越大,润滑性能越好;PD值越大,极压润滑性能越好;D值越小,抗磨损能力和润滑性能越好。
由上述测试可知,本发明所述摩擦改进剂,在金属加工油中的应用,显著提高了石蜡基础油的润滑性能、极压润滑性能和抗磨损能力。
应用例8-9
本发明中实施例1所提供的摩擦改进剂在制备不锈钢加工油中的应用。
上述不锈钢加工油由以下原料制备而成:
(1)实施例1所述的摩擦改进剂;
(2)石蜡基基础油:由150N基础油和60N基础油于40℃时调和成粘度为18mm/s2的石蜡基基础油,150N基础油和60N基础油可由中国石油化工股份有限公司茂名分公司获得获得;
(3)二烷基五硫化物(RC2540),可由莱茵化学获得;
(4)脂肪酸酯(RC2317),可由莱茵化学获得;
(5)氯化石蜡(S52),可由英国英力士获得;
(6)三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯(TMPTO),可由山东聊城瑞捷化学获得;
(7)油溶性磷酸酯(ANTENT PY438),可由广州米奇化工获得。
各组分,按重量百分数计,具体配方如表4:
表4
按表4所述配方,上述不锈钢加工油的具体制备步骤如下:
直接将摩擦改进剂与其它原料按比例加入石蜡基基础油中,常温搅拌15-30min至溶解均匀,即得。
实验例2
为评价本发明所述的摩擦改进剂对常用金属加工油添加剂对润滑性能的改进效果,将应用例8-9所述不锈钢加工油按如实验例1所述方法进行四球试验,并以由美玛贸易(上海)有限公司提供的不锈钢专用切削油即现场在用加工油作对照。
结果如下表所示:
测试样品 | PB(kg) | PD(kg) | D(mm) |
应用例8 | 135 | 500 | 0.355 |
应用例9 | 95 | 355 | 0.382 |
现场在用加工油 | 120 | 500 | 0.358 |
由上述数据分析可知,本发明应用例8中添加了实施例1中摩擦改进剂的不锈钢加工油相对于应用例9中未添加摩擦改进剂的不锈钢加工油,其PB值高了40kg,PD值高了145kg,长时间磨损磨斑降低了0.027mm。
而本发明应用例8中添加了实施例1所述摩擦改进剂的不锈钢加工油相比由美玛贸易(上海)有限公司提供的现场在用加工油,使其最大无卡咬负荷PB值增加了10kg,烧结负荷PD维持在500kg,长时间磨损磨斑直径也低了0.003mm,所以相对于现场在用加工油具有更佳的润滑性和抗磨损性能。
上述应用例8-9中,以硫磷氯为组分的极压剂,其润滑原理主要是形成化学挤压膜所起到润滑挤压性能,每种润滑剂的有效润滑温度范围不一样。硫作为极压剂的有效润滑温度为600-900℃,磷作为极压剂的有效润滑温度为380-800℃,氯作为极压剂的有效润滑温度为150-300℃。
本发明所述摩擦改进剂组分中包括高分子化合物,形成物理吸附膜,其有效润滑温度范围较广,可有效弥补以硫磷氯为组分的极压剂在150℃以下缺失的润滑效果。本发明所述摩擦改进剂与硫磷氯聚合酯等极压剂复配的情况下,在金属加工油中的应用,使其达到了最佳的润滑状态,同时其润滑性能也显著优于市场上售卖的现场在用加工油。
实验例3金属切削扭矩试验
本实验例,采用金属切削扭矩试验,测试本发明应用例8-9所述金属加工油的润滑性能,并以现场在用加工油作为对照分析。
本试验采用型号316L的不锈钢,进行金属切削,将以上配方做316L的切削数据。测试条件为转速800rpm,扭力400Ncm,切削深度8mm。数据取进刀2mm后数据。
测试结果见表7:
测试样品 | 最大扭矩(Ncm) | 平均扭矩(Ncm) |
应用例8 | 115 | 98.3 |
应用例9 | 120 | 105.6 |
现场在用加工油 | 119 | 103 |
由上表可知,相对于对比例1,本发明应用例8的最大扭矩115Ncm,平均扭矩98.3Ncm;相对于现场在用加工油,本发明具有更低的扭力值;相对于应用例9未加摩擦改进剂,本发明具有更低的扭力值;加工时所需的最大扭矩和平均扭矩越小,代表该添加剂的极压润滑性能越好。因此,本发明实施例1提供的金属加工油,具有良好的润滑性能。
本测试所用工件为常用不锈钢的代表型号,现场加工中本发明的摩擦改进也可作为极压润滑剂适用于其它型号的工件。
本测试的加工方法主要是切削,同样地,现场中,本发明的摩擦改进剂也可作为极压润滑剂适用于钻孔、深拉、切削等加工方式。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种摩擦改进剂,其特征在于,按重量百分数计,包括以下组分:
2.根据权利要求1所述的摩擦改进剂,其特征在于,按重量百分数计,包括以下组分:
3.根据权利要求2所述的摩擦改进剂,其特征在于,按重量百分数计,包括以下组分:
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的摩擦改进剂,其特征在于,所述聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐分子量为500-2000。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述摩擦改进剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐、氢化椰子油酸、己二酸、季戊四醇和三羟甲基丙烷加入反应釜,加入聚合催化剂后,通氮气,升温;
(2)升温至120-140℃时,保持每小时升温8-12℃;
(3)待升温至190-210℃时,保持温度2-4h;
(4)抽真空,反应至产物pH值小于5,粘度5500-6500mm2/s,即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的摩擦改进剂剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的聚合催化剂为单丁基氧化锡。
7.如权利要求1-4任一项所述摩擦改进剂在制备金属加工油中的应用。
8.一种金属加工油,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-4任一项所述摩擦改进剂、石蜡基基础油和金属加工油极压添加剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的金属加工油,其特征在于,所述极压添加剂包括二烷基五硫化物、脂肪酸酯、氯化石蜡、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯和油溶性磷酸酯中的至少一种。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的金属加工油的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将如权利要求1-4任一项所述摩擦改进剂,与石蜡基基础油、极压添加剂按比例混合,常温搅拌15-30min至溶解均匀,即得。
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