CN105765039A - 复合酯在燃料中的用途 - Google Patents
复合酯在燃料中的用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105765039A CN105765039A CN201480058575.7A CN201480058575A CN105765039A CN 105765039 A CN105765039 A CN 105765039A CN 201480058575 A CN201480058575 A CN 201480058575A CN 105765039 A CN105765039 A CN 105765039A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- amine
- additive
- complex ester
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N Karpoxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1(O)C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)O)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)CC(O)CC2(C)C DJOWTWWHMWQATC-KYHIUUMWSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- HOSGXJWQVBHGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1h-quinolin-2-one Chemical group N1C(=O)CCC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 HOSGXJWQVBHGLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 polyol ester Chemical class 0.000 description 130
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 84
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 10
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 9
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane - octane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 7
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GVVPGTZRZFNKDS-JXMROGBWSA-N geranyl diphosphate Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CO[P@](O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O GVVPGTZRZFNKDS-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-n-hexadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 5
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical class NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 3
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- GJBRTCPWCKRSTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O GJBRTCPWCKRSTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SZOLUXDHHKCYKT-ONEGZZNKSA-N (e)-but-1-en-1-amine Chemical compound CC\C=C\N SZOLUXDHHKCYKT-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OILUAKBAMVLXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5,5-trimethyl-hexanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C OILUAKBAMVLXGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical group CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCO QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004439 Isononyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGXRZJSPDXZJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DGXRZJSPDXZJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Decanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WPBWJEYRHXACLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O WPBWJEYRHXACLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001702 nutmeg Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002885 octadecanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWHMVKPVFOOAMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TWHMVKPVFOOAMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIFHFRBCEUSGEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)=O NIFHFRBCEUSGEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NRZWYNLTFLDQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-tert-Amylphenol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NRZWYNLTFLDQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKEKYBOBVREARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O YKEKYBOBVREARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002552 poly(isobornyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJSRRUNWOFLQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)=O HJSRRUNWOFLQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003443 succinic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-ZPUQHVIOSA-N trans,trans-muconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
复合酯作为燃料中的添加剂用于在使用了该燃料的内燃机运行中降低燃料消耗的用途,所述复合酯可通过脂族的直链或支链C2?至C12?二元羧酸、具有3至6个羟基的脂族的直链或支链多羟基醇、以及作为链终止剂的脂族的直链或支链C1?至C30?一元羧酸或脂族的直链或支链一元C1?至C30?醇之间的酯化反应得到。
Description
本发明涉及复合酯作为燃料中的添加剂用于不同目的的用途,所述复合酯可通过以下组分之间的酯化反应得到:
(A)至少一种脂族的直链或支链C2-至C12-二元羧酸,
(B)至少一种具有3至6个羟基的脂族的直链或支链多羟基醇,以及
(C)作为链终止剂的
(C1)在组分(B)过量的情况下的至少一种脂族的直链或支链C1-至C30-一元羧酸,或
(C2)在组分(A)过量的情况下的至少一种脂族的直链或支链一元C1-至C30-醇。
本发明还涉及燃料组合物,其包含汽油燃料、所述复合酯和至少一种具有清净作用的燃料添加剂。
本发明还涉及添加剂浓缩物,其包含所述复合酯和至少一种具有清净作用的燃料添加剂。
已知燃料中的特定物质会降低内燃机,尤其是汽油机中的内摩擦,并因此有助于节约燃料。这类物质也称为润滑性改进剂、减摩剂或摩擦改进剂。市场上常见的用于汽油燃料的润滑性改进剂通常是天然存在的羧酸(如脂肪酸)与多元醇(如甘油)或与链烷醇胺的缩合产物,例如单油酸甘油酯。
现有技术润滑性改进剂的缺点是与其他通常所使用的燃料添加剂,尤其与清净添加剂(如聚异丁烯胺)和/或载体油(如聚环氧烷)的溶混性差。实践中的一个重要要求是所提供的组分混合物或添加剂浓缩物即使在相对较低温度下,尤其是在例如低至-20℃的户外冬季温度下仍易于泵送,并且在长时间内保持均匀稳定,即不可出现相分离和/或沉淀物。
通常,所述溶混性问题通过将烷属烃或芳族烃与醇(如叔丁醇或2-乙基己醇)的相对较大量的混合物作为增溶剂加入至组分混合物或添加剂浓缩物而避免。然而,在某些情况下,为达到所需的均匀性,必需相当大量的这些昂贵的增溶剂,因此对该问题的此解决方案变得不经济。
此外,现有技术润滑性改进剂通常具有与组分混合物或添加剂浓缩物中或燃料本身中的水形成乳液的倾向,以至于只能困难地或至少只能非常缓慢地通过相分离再次除去已经渗透的水。
WO99/16849公开了一种由多官能醇和多官能羧酸之间的酯化反应产生的复合酯,所述酯化反应使用链终止剂来与剩余的羟基或羧基形成酯键,所述复合酯包含作为多官能羧酸组分的二聚和/或三聚脂肪酸。这种复合酯被推荐用作传动油、液压液、四冲程油、燃料添加剂、压缩机油、润滑脂、链条油中的添加剂、基液或增稠剂,以及用于金属加工轧制应用。
WO98/11178公开了一种多元醇酯馏出物燃料添加剂,其由多元醇和一元羧酸或多元羧酸以使所得的酯具有未转化的羟基的方式合成,这种多元醇酯可用于柴油机燃料、喷气式发动机燃料和煤油的润滑性添加剂。
WO03/012015公开了用于改善低硫燃料油的润滑能力的添加剂,这种添加剂包含二元醇或多元醇与碳链长度在8至30个碳原子之间的不饱和或饱和的一元羧酸或二羧酸的混合物的酯。
本发明的一个目的是提供燃料添加剂,其首先实现了在火花点火式内燃机运行中有效的燃料节约,其次不再有现有技术的所述缺点,即更具体而言是不能在无任何相分离和/或沉淀物的情况下在长时间内保持均匀稳定、与其他燃料添加剂的混溶性差以及具有与水形成乳液的倾向。此外,它们不应使通过现代燃料添加剂所实现的高水平的进气阀清洁度变差。
因此,已经发现如上所述的复合酯作为燃料中的添加剂用于在使用了该燃料的内燃机运行中降低燃料消耗的用途。优选地,已经发现作为汽油燃料中的添加剂用于在使用了该燃料的火花点火式内燃机运行中降低燃料消耗或作为汽油燃料中的添加剂用于在使用了该燃料的自点燃式内燃机运行中降低燃料消耗的所述用途。
可以猜想,凭借所述复合酯节约燃料的原因基本上是基于其作为降低内燃机,尤其是汽油机中的内摩擦的添加剂的效果。因此,所述反应产物在本发明上下文中本质上用作润滑性改进剂。
此外,已经发现如上所述复合酯作为燃料中的添加剂用于使内燃机功率损失最小化以及用于提高内燃机加速性能的用途。
此外,已经发现如上所述的复合酯作为燃料中的添加剂用于通过用包含有效量的至少一种所述复合酯的燃料运行内燃机来改善出于润滑目的而包含在所述内燃机中的润滑油的润滑性的用途。
可以猜想,燃料中所包含的所述复合酯的一部分经由燃烧室输送,在所述燃烧室中包含添加剂的燃料烧成润滑油并在该处作为进一步的润滑剂。这种机制的优点在于所述进一步的润滑剂通过燃料进料而连续更新。
火花点火式内燃机优选理解为意指通常用火花塞点火的汽油机。除了常规的四冲程和二冲程汽油机外,火花点火式内燃机还包括其他发动机类型,例如汪克尔(Wankel)发动机。这些通常是使用常规汽油类型(尤其是符合EN228的汽油类型)、汽油-醇混合物(如具有75至85体积%的乙醇的Flex燃料)、液压气(“LPG”)或压缩天然气(“CNG”)作为燃料而运行的发动机。
然而,本发明的所述复合酯的用途还涉及新开发的内燃机,如“HCCI”发动机,其为自点燃式并用汽油燃料运行。
本发明优选用于直喷式汽油驱动的内燃机。
组分(A)的脂族二元羧酸可为支链的或优选直链的;它们可为不饱和的或优选饱和的。用于组分(A)的典型实例为乙二酸(草酸)、丙二酸(malonicacid)、丁二酸(琥珀酸)、(Z)-丁烯二酸(马来酸)、(E)-丁烯二酸(富马酸)、戊二酸(谷酸)、戊-2-烯二酸(戊烯二酸)、己二酸(肥酸)、庚二酸(蒲桃酸)、辛二酸(软木酸)、壬二酸(杜鹃花酸)、癸二酸(皮脂酸)、十一烷二酸、十二烷二酸、十二碳-2-烯二酸(愈伤酸)以及(2E,4E)-己-2,4-二烯二酸(粘康酸)。也可以使用上述脂族二元羧酸的混合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组分(A)的所述至少一种脂族二元羧酸选自脂族的直链C6-至C10-二元羧酸,其优选是饱和的。最优选的是己二酸和癸二酸。
组分(B)的脂族多羟基醇可为支链的或直链的;它们可为不饱和的或优选饱和的;它们可以包含3至12个,优选3至8个,尤其是3至6个碳原子并优选包含3、4或5个羟基。用于组分(B)的典型实例为三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷、山梨醇、甘油和季戊四醇。也可以使用上述脂族多羟基醇的混合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组分(B)的所述至少一种脂族多羟基醇选自甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇。
根据组分(B)是否相对于组分(A)以过量用于酯化反应而产生剩余的游离羟基,或组分(A)是否相对于组分(B)以过量用于酯化反应而产生剩余的游离羧基,使用链终止剂(C1)或(C2)来合成所述复合酯。羧酸酯组分(C1)会将剩余的游离羟基转变成其他羧酸酯基。一元醇组分(C2)会将剩余的游离羧基转变成其他羧酸酯基。
组分(C1)的脂族一元羧酸可为支链的或直链的;它们可为不饱和的或优选饱和的。用于组分(C1)的典型实例为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、2,2-二甲基丙酸(新戊酸)、己酸、辛酸(羊脂酸)、2-乙基己酸、3,5,5-三甲基己酸、壬酸、癸酸(羊蜡酸)、十一烷酸、十二烷酸(月桂酸)、十三烷酸、十四烷酸(肉豆寇酸)、十六烷酸(棕榈酸)、十八烷酸(硬脂酸)、异硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、反亚油酸(linolaidicacid)、芥酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、木蜡酸和蜡酸。上述一元羧酸,包括所谓的脂肪酸,可为合成的或天然来源的。也可以使用上述脂族一元羧酸的混合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,组分(C1)的所述至少一种脂族一元羧酸选自脂族的直链或支链C8-至C18-一元羧酸。
组分(C2)的脂族一元醇可为支链的或直链的;它们可为不饱和的或优选饱和的。用于组分(C2)的典型实例为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、正戊醇、正己醇、正庚醇、正辛醇、2-乙基己醇、正壬醇、2-丙基庚醇、正癸醇、正十一烷醇、正十二烷醇、正十三烷醇、异十三烷醇、正十四烷醇、异十四烷醇、正十六烷醇、正十八烷醇、异十八烷醇和正二十烷醇。也可以使用上述一元醇的混合物。在用作用于制备所述复合酯的链终止剂之前,所述一元醇可通过烃基环氧化物(如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷)进行烷氧基化,从而产生单封端的聚醚。
在一个优选实施方案中,组分(C2)的所述至少一种脂族一元醇选自直链或支链C8-至C18-烷醇。
所述复合酯的合成原则上是本领域已知的。更详细地,可以通过将组分(A)与(B)混合并反应,且随后将由(A)和(B)所形成的中间体酯与组分(C)反应来制备所述复合酯。作为替代方案,也可以通过同时将反应组分(A)、(B)和(C)混合来制备所述复合酯。
所述复合酯通常包含至少2个组分(A)的分子单元、至少3个组分(B)的分子单元和相应数量的链终止剂(C)的分子单元或包含至少2个组分(B)的分子单元、至少3个组分(A)的分子单元和相应数量的链终止剂(C)的分子单元。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述复合酯包含2至9个组分(A)的分子单元,尤其是2至5个组分(A)的分子单元和3至10个组分(B)的分子单元,尤其是3至6个组分(B)的分子单元,其中组分(B)相对于组分(A)过量,(B)的剩余的游离羟基被相应数量的组分(C1)的分子单元完全或部分封端。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,所述复合酯包含3至10个组分(A)的分子单元,尤其是3至6个组分(A)的分子单元和2至9个组分(B)的分子单元,尤其是2至5个组分(B)的分子单元,其中组分(A)相对于组分(B)过量,(A)的剩余的游离羧基被相应数量的组分(C2)的分子单元完全或部分封端。
用于本发明的典型复合酯包含3或4个组分(A)的分子单元,尤其是至少一种脂族的直链C6-至C10-二元羧酸(例如己二酸和/或癸二酸),4或5个组分(B)的分子单元,尤其是甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和/或季戊四醇,以及6至12个组分(C1)的分子单元,尤其是至少一种脂族的直链或支链C8-至C18-一元羧酸(例如辛酸、2-乙基己酸、3,5,5-三甲基己酸、壬酸、癸酸和/或异硬脂酸)。
所述复合酯是油溶性的,这意指当与矿物油和/或燃料以10:90、50:50和90:10的重量比混合时,复合酯在室温下静置24小时后,对于所述10:90、50:50和90:10的三个重量比中的至少两个重量比不显示出相分离。
本发明还提供燃料组合物,其包含较大量的汽油燃料和较小量的至少一种所述复合酯以及至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂。
汽油燃料中的所述至少一种复合酯的量通常为10至5000重量ppm,更优选20至2000重量ppm,甚至更优选30至1000重量ppm,且尤其是40至500重量ppm,例如50至300重量ppm。
有用的汽油燃料包括所有常规汽油燃料组合物。此处应提及的典型代表是市场上常见的符合EN228的Eurosuper基础燃料。此外,根据WO00/47698的说明书的汽油燃料组合物也是本发明可能的应用领域。此外,在本发明上下文中,汽油燃料还应理解为意指含醇的汽油燃料,尤其是含乙醇的汽油燃料,例如如WO2004/090079所记载,例如乙醇含量为75至85体积%的Flex燃料,或包含85体积%的乙醇的汽油燃料(“E85”),以及“E100”燃料类型,其通常是共沸蒸馏的乙醇并因此由约96体积%的C2H5OH和约4体积%的H2O组成。
所述复合酯可以单独地或以燃料添加剂包(对于汽油燃料,也称为“汽油性能包(gasolineperformancepackages)”)的形式加入到特定基础燃料中。这类包是燃料添加剂浓缩物,并且除溶剂和所述至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂外,通常还包含一系列其他组分作为共添加剂,所述共添加剂尤其为载体油、缓蚀剂、破乳剂、去雾剂、消泡剂、燃烧促进剂、抗氧化剂或稳定剂、抗净电剂、茂金属、金属钝化剂、增溶剂、标记剂和/或染料。
作为所述至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂的清净剂或清净添加剂(下文称为组分(D))通常指用于燃料的沉积抑制剂。所述清净添加剂优选为两亲性物质,其具有至少一个数均分子量(Mn)为85至20000,尤其是300至5000,特别是500至2500的疏水性烃基,以及至少一个极性部分。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的燃料组合物包含作为所述至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂(D)的至少一种选自以下的代表物:
(Da)具有最多达6个氮原子的单-或多氨基,其中至少一个氮原子具有碱性;
(Db)硝基,任选地与羟基结合;
(Dc)与其中至少一个氮原子具有碱性的单或多氨基结合的羟基;
(Dd)羧基或其碱金属或碱土金属盐;
(De)磺基或其碱金属或碱土金属盐;
(Df)由羟基、其中至少一个氮原子具有碱性的单-或多氨基、或由氨基甲酸酯基封端的聚氧-C2-C4-亚烷基部分;
(Dg)羧酸酯基;
(Dh)衍生自琥珀酸酐且具有羟基和/或氨基和/或酰氨基和/或酰亚氨基的部分;和/或
(Di)通过取代酚与醛和单-或多胺的Mannich反应而得到的部分。
在上述清净添加剂中的疏水性烃基(其确保了在燃料组合物中的足够的溶解度)具有的数均分子量(Mn)为85至20000,尤其是300至5000,特别是500至2500。有用的典型疏水性烃基,尤其是与极性部分(Da)、(Dc)、(Dh)和(Di)结合的烃基,为相对较长链的烷基或烯基,尤其是各自具有Mn=300至5000,尤其是500至2500,特别是700至2300的聚丙烯基、聚丁烯基和聚异丁烯基。
上述组的清净添加剂的实例包括下列:
包含单-或多氨基的添加剂(Da)优选为基于Mn=300至5000的聚丙烯或高反应活性的(即主要在α-和/或β-位具有末端双键,例如亚乙烯基双键的)或常规的(即主要具有内部双键的)聚丁烯或聚异丁烯的聚烯烃单胺或聚烯烃多胺。从EP-A244616已知这类基于高反应活性的聚丁烯或聚异丁烯的清净添加剂,其通常通过对聚(异)丁烯进行加氢甲酰基化并随后用氨、单胺或多胺进行还原胺化来制备。当该类添加剂由主要具有内部双键(通常在β-和/或γ-位)的聚丁烯或聚异丁烯进行制备时,一种可能的制备路线是通过氯化并随后胺化,或通过用空气或臭氧使双键氧化来得到羰基或羰基化合物,并随后在还原性(氢化)条件下胺化。此处用于胺化的胺可为例如氨、单胺或多胺,如二甲氨基丙胺、乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺或四亚乙基五胺。基于聚丙烯的相应的添加剂特别记载于WO-A-94/24231中。
进一步优选的包含单氨基的添加剂(Da)为平均聚合度P=5至100的聚异丁烯与氮氧化物或氮氧化物和氧气的混合物的反应产物的氢化产物,特别如WO-A-97/03946中所记载。
进一步优选的包含单氨基的添加剂(Da)为可由聚异丁烯环氧化物通过与胺反应,且随后对氨基醇进行脱水和还原而得到的化合物,特别如在DE-A-19620262中所记载。
包含任选与羟基结合的硝基的添加剂(Db)优选为平均聚合度P=5至100或10至100的聚异丁烯与氮氧化物或氮氧化物和氧气的混合物的反应产物,特别如在WO-A-96/03367和WO-A96/03479中所记载。这些反应产物通常是纯硝基聚异丁烯(即α,β-二硝基聚异丁烯)和混合羟基硝基聚异丁烯(即α-硝基-β-羟基聚异丁烯)的混合物。
包含与单-或多氨基结合的羟基的添加剂(Dc)特别为可由优选主要具有末端双键且Mn=300至5000的聚异丁烯得到的聚异丁烯环氧化物与氨或单-或多胺的反应产物,特别如在EP-A-476485中所记载。
包含羧基或其碱金属或碱土金属盐的添加剂(Dd)优选为C2-C40-烯烃与马来酸酐的共聚物,所述共聚物具有500至20000的总摩尔质量,且其一些或所有羧基已经转化成碱金属或碱土金属盐并且任何剩余的羧基已经与醇或胺反应。这类添加剂特别由EP-A-307815公开。这类添加剂主要用来防止阀座磨损并且如在WO-A-87/01126中所记载可以有利地与常规燃料清净剂如聚(异)丁烯胺或聚醚胺结合使用。
包含磺基或其碱金属或碱土金属盐的添加剂(De)优选为磺基琥珀酸烷基酯的碱金属或碱土金属盐,特别如在EP-A-639632中所记载。这类添加剂主要用来防止阀座磨损并且可以有利地与常规燃料清净剂如聚(异)丁烯胺或聚醚胺结合使用。
包含聚氧-C2-C4-亚烷基部分的添加剂(Df)优选为聚醚或聚醚胺,所述聚醚或聚醚胺可通过使C2-C60-链烷醇、C6-C30-链烷二醇、单-或二-C2-C30-烷基胺、C1-C30-烷基环己醇或C1-C30-烷基酚与每羟基或氨基1至30mol的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷反应,并且在聚醚胺的情况下随后用氨、单胺或多胺进行还原胺化而得到。这类产物特别记载于EP-A-310875、EP-A-356725、EP-A-700985和US-A-4877416中。在聚醚的情况下,这类产物还具有载体油特性。其典型实例为十三烷醇丁氧基化物、异十三烷醇丁氧基化物、异壬基酚丁氧基化物和聚异丁烯醇丁氧基化物和丙氧基化物,以及与氨的相应的反应产物。
包含羧酸酯基的添加剂(Dg)优选为一元-、二元-或三元羧酸与长链链烷醇或多元醇的酯,特别是在100℃下的最小粘度为2mm2/s的酯,特别如在DE-A-3838918中所记载。所用的一元-、二元-或三元羧酸可为脂族或芳族酸,且特别合适的酯醇或酯多元醇是具有例如6至24个碳原子的长链代表物。所述酯的典型代表物为异辛醇、异壬醇、异癸醇和异十三烷醇的己二酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、间苯二甲酸酯、对苯二甲酸酯和偏苯三酸酯。这类产品也具有载体油特性。
包含衍生自琥珀酸酐且具有羟基和/或氨基和/或酰氨基和/或酰亚氨基的部分的添加剂(Dh)优选为烷基-或烯基取代的琥珀酸酐的相应衍生物,尤其是可通过使Mn=300至5000的常规或高反应活性聚异丁烯与马来酸酐通过加热路径反应或经由氯化聚异丁烯而得到的聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐的相应衍生物。在本上下文中特别令人感兴趣的是具有脂族多胺(例如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺或四亚乙基五胺)的衍生物。具有羟基和/或氨基和/或酰氨基和/或酰亚氨基的部分为例如羧酸基团、单胺的酰胺、除酰胺官能外还具有游离胺基的二-或多胺的酰胺、具有酸和酰胺官能的琥珀酸衍生物、与单胺的羧酰亚胺、除酰亚胺官能外还具有游离胺基的与二-或多胺的羧酰亚胺、或由二-或多胺与两个琥珀酸衍生物反应形成的二酰亚胺。这类燃料添加剂尤其记载于US-A-4849572中。
选自组(Dh)的清净添加剂优选为烷基-或烯基取代的琥珀酸酐,尤其是聚异丁烯琥珀酸酐(“PIBSA”)与胺和/或醇的反应产物。因此其为衍生自烷基-、烯基-或聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐且具有氨基和/或酰氨基和/或酰亚氨基和/或羟基的衍生物。不言自明的是,这些反应产物不仅可通过使用取代的琥珀酸酐而得到,而且还可通过使用取代的琥珀酸或合适的酸衍生物(如琥珀酰卤或琥珀酸酯)而得到。
含添加剂燃料可以包含至少一种基于聚异丁烯基取代的琥珀酰亚胺的清净剂。尤其令人感兴趣的是具有脂族多胺的酰亚胺。特别优选的多胺为乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、五亚乙基六胺以及特别是四亚乙基五胺。聚异丁烯基的数均分子量Mn优选为500至5000,更优选为500至2000,且特别是约1000。
包含通过取代酚与醛和单-或多胺的Mannich反应而得到的部分的添加剂(Di)优选为聚异丁烯取代的酚与甲醛和单-或多胺(例如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺或二甲氨基丙胺)的反应产物。聚异丁烯基取代的酚可以源于Mn=300至5000的常规或高反应活性聚异丁烯。这类“聚异丁烯Mannich碱”尤其记载于EP-A-831141。
本发明的燃料组合物包含至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用并且通常选自上述组(Da)至(Di)的燃料添加剂,其量通常为10至5000重量ppm,更优选为20至2000重量ppm,甚至更优选为30至1000重量ppm,尤其为40至500重量ppm,例如50至250重量ppm的量。
所述清净添加剂(D)优选与至少一种载体油结合使用。在一个优选的实施方案中,除至少一种本发明反应产物和至少一种不同于本发明反应产物且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂之外,本发明燃料组合物还包含作为较小量的另外的燃料添加剂的至少一种载体油。
合适的矿物载体油为在原油加工中得到的馏分,如粘度例如为SN500-2000等级的光亮油或基础油;以及芳族烃、烷属烃和烷氧基链烷醇。同样有用的是在矿物油精炼中得到的且称为“加氢裂化油”(沸程为约360℃至500℃的真空馏分,其可由已经在高压下催化氢化并异构化以及脱蜡的天然矿物油得到)的馏分。同样合适的是上述矿物载体油的混合物。
合适的合成载体油的实例选自:聚烯烃(聚-α-烯烃或聚(内烯烃))、(聚)酯、(聚)烷氧基化物、聚醚、脂族聚醚胺、烷基酚起始的聚醚、烷基酚起始的聚醚胺和长链链烷醇的羧酸酯。
合适的聚烯烃的实例为Mn=400至1800的烯烃聚合物,特别是基于聚丁烯或聚异丁烯(氢化的或未氢化的)的烯烃聚合物。
合适的聚醚或聚醚胺的实例优选为包含聚氧-C2-C4-亚烷基部分的化合物,所述化合物可通过使C2-C60-链烷醇、C6-C30-链烷二醇、单-或二-C2-C30-烷基胺、C1-C30-烷基环己醇或C1-C30-烷基酚与每羟基或氨基1至30mol的环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷反应,并且在聚醚胺的情况下随后用氨、单胺或多胺进行还原胺化而得到。这类产物特别记载于EP-A-310875、EP-A-356725、EP-A-700985和US-A-4877416中。例如,所用聚醚胺可为聚C2-C6-环氧烷胺或其官能化衍生物。其典型实例为十三烷醇丁氧基化物或异十三烷醇丁氧基化物、异壬基酚丁氧基化物以及聚异丁烯醇丁氧基化物和丙氧基化物,以及与氨的相应的反应产物。
长链链烷醇的羧酸酯的实例特别为一元-、二元-或三元羧酸与长链链烷醇或多元醇的酯,特别如在DE-A-3838918中所记载。所用的一元-、二元-或三元羧酸可为脂或芳族酸;合适的酯醇或多元醇特别为具有例如6至24个碳原子的长链代表物。所述酯的典型代表物为异辛醇、异壬醇、异癸醇和异十三烷醇的己二酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、间苯二甲酸酯、对苯二甲酸酯和偏苯三酸酯,例如邻苯二甲酸二(正或异十三烷基)酯。
其他合适的载体油体系记载于例如DE-A-3826608、DE-A-4142241、DE-A-4309074、EP-A-0452328和EP-A-0548617中。
特别合适的合成载体油的实例为醇起始的聚醚,其具有约5至35个,例如约5至30个例如选自环氧丙烷、环氧正丁烷和环氧异丁烷单元或其混合物的C3-C6-环氧烷单元。合适的起始剂醇的非限制性实例为长链链烷醇或被长链烷基取代的酚,其中所述长链烷基特别为直链或支链C6-C18-烷基。优选的实例包括十三烷醇和壬基酚。
其他合适的合成载体油为烷氧基化的烷基酚,如在DE-A-10102913中所记载。
优选的载体油是合成载体油,特别优选的是聚醚。
当另外使用载体油时,将其以优选为1至1000重量ppm,更优选为10至500重量ppm,特别是20至100重量ppm的量加入到本发明的含添加剂燃料中。
在一个优选的实施方案中,除所述至少一种本发明反应产物、所述至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂、以及任选的所述至少一种载体油之外,本发明燃料组合物还包含作为较小量的另外的燃料添加剂的至少一种式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺,其中R1、R2和R3为相同或不同的C1-至C20-烃基残基,条件是式NR1R2R3的碳原子总数不超过30。
已经证明叔烃基胺就作为燃料中的性能添加剂用于控制沉积物的用途而言是有利的。除了优越的性能特性之外,它们还适于处理,因为它们的熔点通常足够低以至于通常在环境温度下是液体。
用于R1至R3的“烃基残基”应意指基本上由碳和氢组成的残基,但是它可以包含少量的杂原子,尤其是氧和/或氮,和/或官能团,例如羟基和/或羧基,只要不改变残基的主要的烃特征。烃基残基优选为烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基。用于R1至R3的尤其优选的烃基残基为直链或支链烷基或烯基。
所述叔烃基胺中的碳原子总数为至多30,优选至多27,更优选至多24,最优选至多20。式NR1R2R3中的碳原子的最小总数优选为6,更优选为8,最优选为10。所述叔烃基胺的此大小对应于最大范围为约100至约450和最小范围为约150至约300的分子量;最通常使用在100至300的分子范围内的所述叔烃基胺。
所述三个C1-至C20-烃基残基可为相同或不同的。它们优选为不同的,从而产生呈现出疏油部分(即极性较高的氨基)和亲油部分(即具有较长链长度或较大体积的烃基残基)的胺分子。根据本发明的,已经证明这类具有疏油/亲油平衡的胺分子显示出最佳的沉积物控制性能。
优选地,使用式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺,其中烃基残基R1、R2和R3中的至少两个是不同的,条件是具有最多碳原子的烃基残基在碳原子数上与具有第二多碳原子的烃基残基的差别为至少3个,优选至少4个,更优选至少6个,最优选至少8个。因此,所述叔胺呈现出两个或三个分别具有不同链长度或不同体积的烃基残基。
还更优选地,使用式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺,其中R1至R3中的一个或两个是C7-至C20-烃基残基且R1至R3中的剩余的两个或一个是C1-至C4-烃基残基。
可能在两个残基相同或不同的情况下的所述一个或所述两个较长烃基残基呈现出7至20个,优选8至18个,更优选9至16个,最优选10至14个碳原子。可能在两个残基相同或不同的情况下的所述一个或所述两个剩余的较短烃基残基呈现出1至4个,优选1至3个,更优选1或2个,最优选1个碳原子。除了所需的沉积物控制性能之外,亲油长链烃基残基还向叔胺提供了其他有利的特性,即对汽油燃料而言高的溶解度和低的挥发性。
更优选地,使用式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺,其中R1为C8-至C18-烃基残基且R2和R3彼此独立地为C1-至C4-烷基。还更优选地,使用式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺,其中R1为C9-至C16-烃基残基且R2和R3均为甲基。
用于R1至R3的合适的直链或支链C1-至C20-烷基残基的实例为:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、叔戊基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、正己基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、正庚基、1-甲基己基、2-甲基己基、3-甲基己基、4-甲基己基、5-甲基己基、1,1-二甲基戊基、1,2-二甲基戊基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基戊基,2,4-二甲基戊基、2,5-二甲基戊基、2-二乙基戊基、3-二乙基戊基、正辛基、1-甲基庚基、2-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、4-甲基庚基、5-甲基庚基、6-甲基庚基、1,1-二甲基己基、1,2-二甲基己基、2,2-二甲基己基、2,3-二甲基己基、2,4-二甲基己基、2,5-二甲基己基、2,6-二甲基己基、2-乙基己基、3-乙基己基、4-乙基己基、正壬基、异壬基、正癸基、1-丙基庚基、2-丙基庚基、3-丙基庚基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、异十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基和二十烷基。
用于R1至R3的合适的直链或支链C2-至C20-烯基和-炔基残基的实例为:乙烯基、烯丙基、油基和丙炔-2-基。
具有长链烷基和烯基残基的式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺还可以优选获得自或源自天然源,即植物或动物油和猪油。源自这类源的适合作为这类叔羟基胺的脂肪胺通常形成不同相似种类(如同系物)的混合物,例如包含作为主要组分的十四烷胺、十六烷胺、十八烷胺和十八烯胺(油胺)的牛油脂肪胺。合适的脂肪胺的其他实例为:椰油胺(cocoamines)和棕榈胺(palmamines)。含有烯基残基的不饱和脂肪胺可被氢化并以此种饱和形式使用。
用于R1至R3的合适的C3-至C20-环烷基残基的实例为:环丙基、环丁基、2-甲基环己基、3-甲基环己基、4-甲基环己基、2,3-二甲基环己基、2,4-二甲基环己基、2,5-二甲基环己基、2,6-二甲基环己基、3,4-二甲基环己基、3,5-二甲基环己基、2-乙基环己基、3-乙基环己基、4-乙基环己基、环辛基和环癸基。
用于R1至R3的合适的C7-至C20-芳基、-烷基芳基或-芳基烷基残基的实例为:萘基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、正辛基苯基、正壬基苯基、正癸基苯基、苄基、1-苯基乙基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基和4-丁基苯基。
合适的式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺的典型实例为下列:
N,N-二甲基正丁胺、N,N-二甲基正戊胺、N,N-二甲基正己胺、N,N-二甲基正庚胺、N,N-二甲基正辛胺、N,N-二甲基-2-乙基己胺、N,N-二甲基正壬胺、N,N-二甲基异壬胺、N,N-二甲基正癸胺、N,N-二甲基-2-丙基庚胺、N,N-二甲基正十一烷胺、N,N-二甲基正十二烷胺、N,N-二甲基正十三烷胺、N,N-二甲基异十三烷胺、N,N-二甲基正十四烷胺、N,N-二甲基正十六烷胺、N,N-二甲基正十八烷胺、N,N-二甲基二十烷胺、N,N-二甲基油胺;
N,N-二乙基正庚胺、N,N-二乙基正辛胺、N,N-二乙基-2-乙基己胺、N,N-二乙基正壬胺、N,N-二乙基异壬胺、N,N-二乙基正癸胺、N,N-二乙基-2-丙基庚胺、N,N-二乙基正十一烷胺、N,N-二乙基正十二烷胺、N,N-二乙基正十三烷胺、N,N-二乙基异十三烷胺、N,N-二乙基正十四烷胺、N,N-二乙基正十六烷胺、N,N-二乙基正十八烷胺、N,N-二乙基二十烷胺、N,N-二乙基油胺;
N,N-二(正丙基)正庚胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正辛胺、N,N-二(正丙基)-2-乙基己胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正壬胺、N,N-二(正丙基)异壬胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正癸胺、N,N-二(正丙基)-2-丙基庚胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正十一烷胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正十二烷胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正十三烷胺、N,N-二(正丙基)异十三烷胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正十四烷胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正十六烷胺、N,N-二(正丙基)正十八烷胺、N,N-二(正丙基)二十烷胺、N,N-二(正丙基)油胺;
N,N-二(正丁基)正庚胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正辛胺、N,N-二(正丁基)-2-乙基己胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正壬胺、N,N-二(正丁基)异壬胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正癸胺、N,N-二(正丁基)-2-丙基庚胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正十一烷胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正十二烷胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正十三烷胺、N,N-二(正丁基)异十三烷胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正十四烷胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正十六烷胺、N,N-二(正丁基)正十八烷胺、N,N-二(正丁基)二十烷胺、N,N-二(正丁基)油胺;
N-甲基-N-乙基正庚胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正辛胺、N-甲基-N-乙基-2-乙基己胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正壬胺、N-甲基-N-乙基异壬胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正癸胺、N-甲基-N-乙基-2-丙基庚胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正十一烷胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正十二烷胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正十三烷胺、N-甲基-N-乙基异十三烷胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正十四烷胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正十六烷胺、N-甲基-N-乙基正十八烷胺、N-甲基-N-乙基二十烷胺、N-甲基-N-乙基油胺;
N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正庚胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正辛胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)-2-乙基己胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正壬胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)异壬胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正癸胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)-2-丙基庚胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正十一烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正十二烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正十三烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)异十三烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正十四烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正十六烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)正十八烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)二十烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丙基)油胺;
N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正庚胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正辛胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)-2-乙基己胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正壬胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)异壬胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正癸胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)-2-丙基庚胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正十一烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正十二烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正十三烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)异十三烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正十四烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正十六烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)正十八烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)二十烷胺、N-甲基-N-(正丁基)油胺;
N-甲基-N,N-二(正庚基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(正辛基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(2-乙基己基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(正壬基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(异壬基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(正癸基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(2-丙基庚基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(正十一烷基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(正十二烷基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(正十三烷基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(异十三烷基)胺、N-甲基-N,N-二(正十四烷基)胺;
N-乙基-N,N-二(正庚基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(正辛基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(2-乙基己基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(正壬基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(异壬基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(正癸基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(2-丙基庚基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(正十一烷基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(正十二烷基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(正十三烷基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(异十三烷基)胺、N-乙基-N,N-二(正十四烷基)胺;
N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(正庚基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(正辛基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(2-乙基己基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(正壬基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(异壬基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(正癸基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(2-丙基庚基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(正十一烷基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(正十二烷基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(正十三烷基)胺、N-(正丁基)-N,N-二(异十三烷基)胺;
N-甲基-N-(正庚基)-N-(正十二烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正庚基)-N-(正十八烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正辛基)-N-(2-乙基己基)胺、N-甲基-N-(2-乙基己基)-N-(正十二烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(2-丙基庚基)-N-(正十一烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正癸基)-N-(正十二烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正癸基)-N-(-十四烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正癸基)-N-(正十六烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正癸基)-N-(正十八烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正癸基)-N-油胺、N-甲基-N-(正十二烷基)-N-(异十三烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正十二烷基)-N-(正十四烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正十二烷基)-N-(正十六烷基)胺、N-甲基-N-(正十二烷基)油胺;
同样合适的式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺为单环结构,其中所述短链烃基残基中的一个与所述氮原子以及与另一个短链烃基残基形成了五-或六元环。氧原子和/或其他氮原子还可存在于这个五-或六元环中。在每种情况下,这类环叔胺在所述氮原子上或氮原子中的一个上分别带有长链C7-至C20-烃基残基。这类单环叔胺的实例为N-(C7-至C20-烃基)哌啶、N-(C7-至C20-烃基)哌嗪和N-(C7-至C20-烃基)吗啉。
本发明燃料组合物可以包含如下所述的其他常规共添加剂:
适合作为这类共添加剂的缓蚀剂例如为琥珀酸酯,特别是与多元醇的酯;脂肪酸衍生物,例如油酸酯;低聚脂肪酸和取代的乙醇胺。
适合作为其他共添加剂的破乳剂为例如烷基取代酚-和萘磺酸盐的碱金属和碱土金属盐以及脂肪酸的碱金属和碱土金属盐;以及醇烷氧基化物,例如醇乙氧基化物;酚烷氧基化物,例如叔丁基苯酚乙氧基化物或叔戊基苯酚乙氧基化物;脂肪酸;烷基酚;环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的缩合产物,例如环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物;聚乙烯亚胺和聚硅氧烷。
适合作为其他共添加剂的去雾剂为例如烷氧基化的苯酚-甲醛缩合物。
适合作为其他共添加剂的消泡剂为例如聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷。
适合作为其他共添加剂的抗氧化剂为例如取代酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基苯酚和2,6-二叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚;以及苯二胺,例如N,N’-二仲丁基对苯二胺。
适合作为其他共添加剂的金属钝化剂为例如水杨酸衍生物,例如N,N’-二亚水杨基-1,2-丙二胺。
适合的溶剂,尤其也适合于燃料添加剂包的溶剂,为例如非极性有机溶剂,尤其是芳族和脂族烃,例如甲苯、二甲苯、“石油溶剂”和名为(制造商:RoyalDutch/ShellGroup)、(制造商:ExxonMobil)和溶剂石脑油(SolventNaphtha)的工业溶剂混合物。在此还有用的是,尤其是在与所述非极性有机溶剂的共混物中的,极性有机溶剂,特别是醇,例如叔丁醇、异戊醇、2-乙基己醇和2-丙基庚醇。
当在汽油燃料中另外使用所述共添加剂和/或溶剂时,它们以常规用于此的量使用。
在一个尤其优选的实施方案中,作为所述至少一种将与所述复合酯一起使用的不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂(D)选自Mn=300至5000的(Da)聚异丁烯单胺或聚异丁烯多胺,其主要具有亚乙烯基双键(通常至少50摩尔%的亚乙烯基双键,尤其至少70摩尔%的亚乙烯基双键)并且通过对各自的聚异丁烯进行加氢甲酰基化且随后用氨、单胺或多胺进行还原胺化制备。如上所述,这类聚异丁烯单胺或聚异丁烯多胺优选与至少一种矿物或合成载体油结合应用,更优选与至少一种聚醚基或聚醚胺基载体油结合应用,最优选与至少一种具有约5至35个尤其选自环氧丙烷、环氧正丁烷和环氧异丁烷单元的C3-C6-环氧烷单元的C6-C18-醇起始的聚醚结合应用。
本发明还提供添加剂浓缩物,其包含至少一种所述复合酯,以及至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂。另外,本发明添加剂浓缩物还可包含上述的其他共添加剂。对于用于汽油燃料的添加剂浓缩物,这类添加剂浓缩物也称为汽油性能包。
所述至少一种所述复合酯优选以1至99重量%,更优选15至95重量%,尤其30至90重量%的量存在于本发明添加剂浓缩物中,在每种情况下均基于浓缩物的总重量计。所述至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂优选以1至99重量%,更优选5至85重量%,尤其10至70重量%的量存在于本发明添加剂浓缩物中,在每种情况下均基于浓缩物的总重量计。
鉴于现有技术中提出的各个解决方案,所述复合酯提供了相当多的优点和预料不到的性能以及处理的改进。实现了在火花点火式内燃机运行中有效节约燃料。各个燃料添加剂浓缩物在长时间内保持均匀稳定而没有任何相分离和/或沉淀物。改进了与其他燃料添加剂的混溶性并且抑制了与水形成乳液的倾向。在燃料中的所述复合酯的存在并未使通过现代燃料添加剂所实现的高水平的进气阀和燃烧室清洁度变差。燃机功率损失得以最小化并且内燃机加速性能得以提高。在燃料中的所述复合酯的存在还改善了内燃机中润滑油的润滑性能。
下列实施例旨在进一步说明本发明而非限制本发明。
实施例
下列实施例的所有复合酯根据WO99/16849的教导,更确切地说根据如下一般方法来制备:
所有三种组分,即单脂肪酸、二元羧酸或相应的二聚酸(统称为“二酸”)和三元醇的比例的选择方式为,使OH和COOH基团以等摩尔量存在。将所有反应物加入到反应器中并加热至约140℃。然后,逐步地升高温度至约250℃的最高温度,直到酸值低于5mgKOH/g。如果必需锡催化剂来达到该水平的残留酸值,则通过过滤除去该催化剂。
下表示出了所制备的复合酯的组合物(实施例1a、1b和1c用于比较,实施例2和3是根据本发明):
实施例4:制备汽油性能包“GPP1”
将150mg/kg的以上实施例1a、1b、1c、2或3的复合酯与常规汽油性能包混合,所述常规汽油性能包以常规量包含作为清净添加剂组分的PIBA(由BASFSE制造的聚异丁烯单胺,基于Mn=1000的聚异丁烯)以及通常的聚醚基载体油、作为稀释剂的溶剂石脑油和缓蚀剂。
实施例5:使用GPP1的发动机清洁度测试
为了证实实施例2和3的本发明复合酯不会降低发动机清洁度以及实施例1的现有技术的复合酯呈现出差的性能,使用实施例4的汽油性能包(GPP1)和用于比较的具有常规清净添加剂组分PIBA但没有任何复合酯的相同汽油性能包(GPP1)来测定平均IVD值,每种均根据CECF-20-98用使用常规RON95E10汽油燃料和常规RL-223/5机油的MercedesBenzM111E发动机来测定。下表示出了测定结果:
实施例6:燃料经济性测试
将分别包含150mg/kg实施例2或3的复合酯的实施例4的汽油性能包(GGP1)添加到典型的低硫USE10汽油,并用于在车队测试中使用3辆不同汽车根据U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyTestProtocol,C.F.R.Title40,Part600,SubpartB来测定燃料经济性。对于每辆汽车,首先用未加添加剂的燃料测定燃料消耗,然后用相同的燃料来测定,但是此时包含如上所述剂量的上述汽油性能包。实现了以下的燃料节约:
2004Mazda3,2.0Ll4:1.03%(使用实施例2);0.75%(使用
实施例3)
2012HondaCivic,1.8Ll4:1.02%(使用实施例2);1.32%(使用
实施例3)
2010ChevyHHR,2.2Ll4:1.53%(使用实施例2);1.55%(使用
实施例3)
平均而言,对于所有所用的汽车,结果是燃料平均节约1.19%(使用实施例2)和1.21%(使用实施例3)。
实施例7:制备汽油性能包“GPP2”
将150mg/kg的以上实施例2或3的复合酯分别与常规汽油性能包混合,所述常规汽油性能包以常规量包含作为清净添加剂组分的PIBA(由BASFSE制造的聚异丁烯单胺,基于Mn=1000的聚异丁烯)以及通常的聚醚基载体油、作为稀释剂的煤油、破乳剂和缓蚀剂。
实施例8:储存稳定性
将48重量%的以上分别包含实施例2或3的复合酯的GPP2与37.7重量%的二甲苯在20℃下混合,之后在密封的玻璃瓶中在-20℃下储存42天。在该存储期开始时以及然后在每7天后,目测评价混合物并检查可能的相分离和沉淀。目标在于混合物在储存后保持澄清(“c”)、均匀(“h”)和液态(“l”)且不会呈现出任何相分离(“ps”)或沉淀(“pr”)。下表示出了评价结果:
Claims (15)
1.复合酯作为燃料中的添加剂的用途,用于在使用了该燃料的内燃机运行中降低燃料消耗,所述复合酯可通过以下组分之间的酯化反应得到
(A)至少一种脂族的直链或支链C2-至C12-二元羧酸,
(B)至少一种具有3至6个羟基的脂族的直链或支链多羟基醇,以及
(C)作为链终止剂的
(C1)在组分(B)过量的情况下,至少一种脂族的直链或支链C1-至C30-一元羧酸,或
(C2)在组分(A)过量的情况下,至少一种脂族的直链或支链一元C1-至C30-醇。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合酯作为燃料中的添加剂的用途,用于使内燃机功率损失最小化以及用于提高内燃机加速性能的用途。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合酯作为燃料中的添加剂的用途,用于通过用包含有效量的至少一种所述复合酯的燃料运行内燃机来改善出于润滑目的而包含在所述内燃机中的润滑油的润滑性的用途。
4.权利要求1至3中的一项或多项的用途,其中组分(A)选自脂族的直链C6-至C10-二元羧酸。
5.权利要求1至4中的一项或多项的用途,其中组分(B)选自甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇。
6.权利要求1至5中的一项或多项的用途,其中组分(C)选自(C1)脂族的直链或支链C8-至C18-一元羧酸,或选自(C2)直链或支链C8-至C18-烷醇。
7.权利要求1至6中的一项或多项的用途,其中所述复合酯包含2至9个组分(A)的分子单元和3至10个组分(B)的分子单元,组分(B)相对于组分(A)过量,其中(B)的剩余的游离羟基被相应数量的组分(C1)的分子单元完全或部分封端。
8.权利要求1至6中的一项或多项的用途,其中所述复合酯包含3至10个组分(A)的分子单元和2至9个组分(B)的分子单元,其中组分(A)相对于组分(B)过量,(A)的剩余的游离羧基被相应数量的组分(C2)的分子单元完全或部分封端。
9.燃料组合物,其包含较大量的汽油燃料和较小量的至少一种如权利要求1和4至8所述的复合酯以及至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂。
10.权利要求9的燃料组合物,其包含作为所述至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂的选自以下的代表物(D):
(Da)具有最多达6个氮原子的单或多氨基,其中至少一个氮原子具有碱性;
(Db)硝基,任选地与羟基结合;
(Dc)与其中至少一个氮原子具有碱性的单或多氨基结合的羟基;
(Dd)羧基或其碱金属或碱土金属盐;
(De)磺酸基或其碱金属或碱土金属盐;
(Df)由羟基、其中至少一个氮原子具有碱性的单或多氨基、或由氨基甲酸酯基封端的聚氧-C2-C4-亚烷基部分;
(Dg)羧酸酯基;
(Dh)衍生自琥珀酸酐且具有羟基和/或氨基和/或酰氨基和/或酰亚氨基的部分;和/或
(Di)通过取代酚与醛和单或多胺的Mannich反应而得到的部分。
11.权利要求9或10的燃料组合物,其还包含作为较小量的另外的燃料添加剂的至少一种载体油。
12.权利要求9至11的燃料组合物,其还包含作为较小量的另外的燃料添加剂的至少一种式NR1R2R3的叔烃基胺,其中R1、R2和R3为相同或不同的C1-至C20-烃基残基,条件是式NR1R2R3的碳原子总数不超过30。
13.权利要求9至12的燃料组合物,其包含至少一种代表物(D),选自(Da)聚异丁烯单胺或聚异丁烯多胺,其具有Mn=300至5000、具有至少50摩尔%的亚乙烯基双键并且通过对各自的聚异丁烯进行加氢甲酰基化且随后用氨、单胺或多胺进行还原胺化制备,且与至少一种矿物或合成载体油结合。
14.添加剂浓缩物,其包含至少一种如权利要求1和4至8所述的复合酯,和至少一种不同于所述复合酯且具有清净作用的燃料添加剂。
15.权利要求14的添加剂浓缩物,其包含至少一种代表物(D),选自聚异丁烯单胺或聚异丁烯多胺,其具有Mn=300至5000的(Da)、具有至少50摩尔%的亚乙烯基双键并且通过对各自的聚异丁烯进行加氢甲酰基化且随后用氨、单胺或多胺进行还原胺化制备,并且还包含至少一种矿物或合成载体油。
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CN109439383A (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-08 | 广州米奇化工有限公司 | 自乳化酯及其制备方法 |
CN109996857A (zh) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-07-09 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 复合酯和一元羧酸的混合物减小摩擦的用途 |
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US10465138B2 (en) | 2019-11-05 |
CA2925849A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
EP3060636B1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
US20180305631A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
CN109609213A (zh) | 2019-04-12 |
MY176740A (en) | 2020-08-20 |
AU2014339149B2 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
AR098177A1 (es) | 2016-05-04 |
PL3060636T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
WO2015059063A3 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
SG11201602282TA (en) | 2016-05-30 |
US20160264898A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
RU2016119768A (ru) | 2017-11-27 |
RU2016119768A3 (zh) | 2018-05-24 |
RU2673817C2 (ru) | 2018-11-30 |
CN105765039B (zh) | 2019-02-12 |
KR20160074662A (ko) | 2016-06-28 |
AU2014339149A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
US10030206B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
WO2015059063A2 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
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