CN107011977B - 一种切削液及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种切削液及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107011977B
CN107011977B CN201710254288.9A CN201710254288A CN107011977B CN 107011977 B CN107011977 B CN 107011977B CN 201710254288 A CN201710254288 A CN 201710254288A CN 107011977 B CN107011977 B CN 107011977B
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cutting fluid
water
graphene oxide
polyethylene glycol
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薛传艺
王守仁
王高琦
张晓东
付坤
颜新宇
王立虎
王鑫松
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University of Jinan
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种切削液及其制备方法，其组分及制备方法为将三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯、三元聚羧酸酯、癸二酸、三乙醇胺、格尔伯特醇、环氧乙烷环己胺、苯并三氮唑按比例混合后加入水中，匀速搅拌并加热，反应一定时间后，形成透明溶液且无颗粒状固体，制得水溶性切削液复合剂；将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇和三丹油，加入水溶性切削液复合剂中，常温匀速搅拌一定时间，至溶液透明后加入氧化石墨烯，继续常温匀速搅拌至均匀半透明状态，制得含有氧化石墨烯的切削液。该切削液组分绿色环保无污染且润滑性能好。

Description

一种切削液及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属切削液领域，具体的涉及一种切削液及其制备方法。
背景技术
切削液是机床加工金属工件过程中，用于工件表面润滑和冷却的液体，能够保证工件表面的精度和光洁、延长刃具的使用寿命。金属切削液分为油基和水基，现在大多为以水为分散介质的非油性切削液，这类切削液都以水为主要成份，并含有润滑剂、抗氧剂、防锈剂等，具备金属冷加工所需的冷却、润滑、清洗等性能。切削液中的添加剂对环境具有一定污染，如含有短链氯化石蜡极压剂的切削液在焚烧处理时可能会产生强致癌的二噁英，苯酚的生物降解性差，对水生物具有很大的危害，磷酸盐的累积会导致水质富营养化进而引发赤潮，亚硝酸钠具有良好的防锈性能，但其是一种潜在的致癌物质。因此，使用无氯、低磷、低氮已成为未来环保切削液的发展方向。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种切削液及其制备方法，该切削液组分绿色环保、润滑性能好、使用寿命长。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种切削液，其组分包括三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯、三元聚羧酸酯、三乙醇胺、癸二酸、氧化石墨烯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇、苯骈三氮唑、格尔伯特醇、环氧乙烷环己胺、三丹油、水。
切削液各组分的质量百分比如下：
Figure GDA0002467629710000011
Figure GDA0002467629710000021
作为优选配方，切削液中各组分质量百分比为三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯24％、三元聚羧酸酯15％、三乙醇胺10％、癸二酸8％、氧化石墨烯1％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚8％、聚乙二醇8％、苯骈三氮唑5％、格尔伯特醇2％、环氧乙烷环己胺2％、三丹油3％、水14％。
作为优选配方，切削液中各组分质量百分比为三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯20％、三元聚羧酸酯15％、三乙醇胺10％、癸二酸10％、氧化石墨烯1％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚10％、聚乙二醇8％、苯骈三氮唑5％、格尔伯特醇2％、环氧乙烷环己胺2％、三丹油3％、水14％。
作为优选，所述水为去离子水。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种切削液的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤一：按质量分数将三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯、三元聚羧酸酯、癸二酸、三乙醇胺、格尔伯特醇、环氧乙烷环己胺、苯骈三氮唑混合后加入水中，匀速搅拌并加热至75℃-85℃，反应55-65分钟，形成透明溶液且无颗粒状固体，制得水溶性切削液复合剂，降温至30-50℃以下备用；
步骤二：按质量分数称取脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇和三丹油，加入步骤一制得的水溶性切削液复合剂中，常温匀速搅拌35-45分钟，至溶液透明后加入氧化石墨烯，继续常温匀速搅拌至均匀半透明状态，制得含有氧化石墨烯的切削液。
作为优选，氧化石墨烯的制备方法采用Hummers法，该方法制备过程的时效性相对较好而且制备过程也比较安全，步骤为将石墨粉末加入浓硫酸和高锰酸钾混合液中进行氧化反应，之后经超声处理后得到单层氧化石墨烯。
氧化石墨烯作为石墨烯的衍生材料，也是二维的碳材料，它除了保留石墨烯的一部分独特性能外，还具有易分散、易溶解且易进一步功能化的特性，与石墨烯相比，氧化石墨烯的制备工艺简单很多。将氧化石墨烯添加到切削液中，可以增强润滑性能，降低加工表面粗糙度，并且氧化石墨烯不会产生有害物质，是一种绿色无污染材料。
本发明的有益效果是：首先，本发明的切削液的组成组分绿色环保，无氯、无磷、低氮，不会对环境造成污染；其次，组分中含有易分散、易溶解的氧化石墨烯，可以增强润滑性能，降低加工表面粗糙度，且氧化石墨烯不会产生有害物质，是一种绿色无污染材料；另外，通过多次试验证明，利用本方案权利要求所述的各种组分制备的切削液润滑性好，金属构件加工时的摩擦系数降低约20％-30％，磨斑直径降低约20％-40％，具有较好的实用性。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行详细的说明。
实施例1：
一种切削液的组分及各组分质量分数为：三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯24％、三元聚羧酸酯15％、三乙醇胺10％、癸二酸8％、氧化石墨烯1％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚8％、聚乙二醇8％、苯骈三氮唑5％、格尔伯特醇2％、环氧乙烷环己胺2％、三丹油3％、去离子水水14％。
具体实施方法：按上述配方称取各组分原料，将三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯、三元聚羧酸酯、癸二酸、三乙醇胺、格尔伯特醇、环氧乙烷环己胺、苯骈三氮唑混合后加入去离子水中，匀速搅拌并加热至80℃，反应60分钟，形成透明溶液且无颗粒状固体，制得水溶性切削液复合剂，降温至40℃以下备用；
按上述质量分数称取脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇和三丹油，加入上述制得的水溶性切削液复合剂中，常温匀速搅拌40分钟，至溶液透明后加入氧化石墨烯，继续常温匀速搅拌至均匀半透明状态，制得含有氧化石墨烯的切削液。
实施例2：
一种切削液的组分及各组分质量分数为：三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯20％、三元聚羧酸酯15％、三乙醇胺10％、癸二酸10％、氧化石墨烯1％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚10％、聚乙二醇8％、苯骈三氮唑5％、格尔伯特醇2％、环氧乙烷环己胺2％、三丹油3％、去离子水14％。
具体实施方法：按上述配方称取各组分原料，将三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯、三元聚羧酸酯、癸二酸、三乙醇胺、格尔伯特醇、环氧乙烷环己胺、苯骈三氮唑混合后加入去离子水中，匀速搅拌并加热至75℃，反应55分钟，形成透明溶液且无颗粒状固体，制得水溶性切削液复合剂，降温至32℃以下备用；
按上述质量分数称取脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇和三丹油，加入上述制得的水溶性切削液复合剂中，常温匀速搅拌36分钟，至溶液透明后加入氧化石墨烯，继续常温匀速搅拌至均匀半透明状态，制得含有氧化石墨烯的切削液。
上述实施例得到的切削液实验数据如下：
摩擦系数 磨斑直径/mm
无切削液 0.083 0.7
实施例1 0.06 0.43
实施例2 0.069 0.55
上述实验数据表明，本发明的切削液能够显著降低金属加工过程中的摩擦系数及磨斑直径，润滑性能较好。
本发明的保护范围不仅限于上述实例，在阅读了本实用新型之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种同原理的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种切削液，其特征在于：组分包括三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯、三元聚羧酸酯、三乙醇胺、癸二酸、氧化石墨烯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇、苯骈三氮唑、格尔伯特醇、环氧乙烷环己胺、三丹油、水；
各组分的质量百分比为：
Figure FDA0002504374620000011
所述切削液的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤一：按质量分数将三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯、三元聚羧酸酯、癸二酸、三乙醇胺、格尔伯特醇、环氧乙烷环己胺、苯骈三氮唑混合后加入水中，匀速搅拌并加热至75℃-85℃，反应55-65分钟，形成透明溶液且无颗粒状固体，制得水溶性切削液复合剂，降温至30-50℃以下备用；
步骤二：按质量分数称取脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇和三丹油，加入步骤一制得的水溶性切削液复合剂中，常温匀速搅拌35-45分钟，至溶液透明后加入氧化石墨烯，继续常温匀速搅拌至均匀半透明状态，制得含有氧化石墨烯的切削液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切削液，其特征在于：各组分质量百分比为三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯24％、三元聚羧酸酯15％、三乙醇胺10％、癸二酸8％、氧化石墨烯1％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚8％、聚乙二醇8％、苯骈三氮唑5％、格尔伯特醇2％、环氧乙烷环己胺2％、三丹油3％、水14％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的切削液，其特征在于：各组分质量百分比为三羟甲基丙烷脂肪酸酯20％、三元聚羧酸酯15％、三乙醇胺10％、癸二酸10％、氧化石墨烯1％、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚10％、聚乙二醇8％、苯骈三氮唑5％、格尔伯特醇2％、环氧乙烷环己胺2％、三丹油3％、水14％。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的切削液，其特征在于：所述水为去离子水。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种切削液，其特征在于：所述氧化石墨烯的制备方法为：将石墨粉末加入浓硫酸和高锰酸钾混合液中进行氧化反应，之后经超声处理后得到单层氧化石墨烯。
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