CN107519195A - 一种含茶多糖的防辐射组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含茶多糖的防辐射组合物，所述防辐射组合物的由茶多糖、昆布多糖、番茄红素按质量比16:3:1组成；所述茶多糖是从白茶中提取得到的；所述防辐射组合物用于制备防辐射药物或防辐射保健食品。该组合物具有改善辐射损伤导致的机体外周血白细胞降低的作用，即具有预防和治疗辐射损伤的作用，同时可以调整机体的免疫功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药和食品保健领域，具体涉及一种含茶多糖的防辐射组合物。
背景技术
辐射对人体的损害，主要有两条作用途径：一是，可以直接作用于细胞的大分子上，引起电离激发化学键断裂，使分子变性和细胞结构破坏，如作用于胞核或胞质中的遗传物质DNA、RNA等，或细胞膜脂质、酶系等，使其直接受到损伤；二是，可以作用于机体内水分子，使其发生电离和激发，产生大量的具有强氧化性能的自由基和活化分子，H+、·OH、H2O2、H2O+·等。这些自由基及活化分子化学性质活跃，很容易与细胞、组织中大分子受体作用，使生物分子受到间接损伤。生物分子损伤，可导致细胞代谢失常，功能和结构破坏甚至死亡。细胞的损伤和死亡可能引起组织和器官原发损伤，或通过神经和体液的作用引起机体的继发损伤，一些大分子细胞和器官有时具有一定修复、再生和代偿能力，有些细胞因此可能改变结构，如基因突变，染色体畸变等，远期效应还可诱发癌症。
随着社会技术的发展，各种产生辐射的因素不断增加，从上个世纪初到现在，辐射已经渗透到社会生活各个领域。日常生活中，手机、电脑逐步是人类生活和工作必需品；在医疗范围内，放射性诊断和治疗应用广泛，比如放射X 光诊断、CT 诊断等；放射治疗已成为治疗恶性肿瘤的三大传统手段之一，放射治疗是利用各类加速器所产生的不同能量的X 射线、电子射线、中子射线、质子射线以及放射源释放出的γ- 射线等( 如60 钴治疗机、头、体部γ- 刀) 的电离辐射来杀灭肿瘤细胞，为肿瘤患者带来了希望；但在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时，也对正常组织细胞有一定的损伤作用，即放射损伤。除患者外，医疗上进行诊断和放疗的医生护士等，常常直接暴露在辐射之下，辐射防护愈加困难，辐射损伤也加剧。同时，除了医疗领域外，核能在我国逐步加快应用，大批核电站的建立使接触辐射工作人员逐渐增多，因此，大批的从业人员急需可行有效的针对辐射的健康防护。
茶多糖是茶叶多糖复合物的简称，其化学本质是一类与蛋白质结合在一起的酸性多糖或酸性糖蛋白，茶多糖为水溶性，易溶于热水，不溶于高浓度的有机溶剂。高温下易丧失活性，强酸或强碱均会使多糖成分降解。茶多糖的组成因茶叶的产地不同和提取方法的不同而有所差异，但茶叶多糖的单糖基本组成是以半乳糖、葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖为主，还有木糖、核糖和甘露糖等。一般茶叶中茶多糖的量为2.75%～4.22%，粗老茶叶中的茶多糖的量高于嫩茶。近年来一些研究表明，茶多糖具有调节血糖、调节血脂、抗氧化、抗辐射和提高免疫功能等作用。
番茄红素是植物中所含的一种天然色素。主要存在于茄科植物西红柿的成熟果实中。它是目前在自然界的植物中被发现的最强抗氧化剂之一。科学证明，人体内的单线态氧和氧自由基是侵害人体自身免疫系统的罪魁祸首。番茄红素清除自由基的功效远胜于其他类胡萝卜素和维生素E，其淬灭单线态氧速率常数是维生素E的100倍。它可以有效的防治因衰老，免疫力下降引起的各种疾病。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含茶多糖的防辐射组合物，该组合物具有改善辐射损伤导致的机体外周血白细胞降低的作用，即具有预防和治疗辐射损伤的作用，同时可以调整机体的免疫功能，所述组合物具有吸收快、水溶性好的特点。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种含茶多糖的防辐射组合物，由茶多糖、昆布多糖、番茄红素按质量比16:3:1组成。
所述茶多糖是从白茶中提取得到的，具体制备方法如下：
白茶茶样用粉碎机粉碎后用双蒸水浸提，抽滤，后取滤渣，再浸提抽滤一次，合并滤液，于旋转蒸发仪减压蒸发浓缩至原体积的20%。将浓缩后的茶汤与3 倍体积的95%乙醇混合沉淀，7000 r·min -1 离心5 min，沉淀物用无水乙醇、丙酮、乙醚交替洗涤2 次，然后真空干燥，得到茶多糖。
应用：所述防辐射组合物用于制备防辐射药物或防辐射保健食品。
本发明的显著优点在于：将茶多糖、昆布多糖、番茄红素按质量比16:3:1组成防辐射组合物，在该配比下，番茄红素和茶多糖具有协同作用，番茄红素能够有效强化茶多糖的抗辐射性能，显著改善辐射损伤导致的机体外周血白细胞降低的作用，再结合昆布多糖显著的免疫调节功能，使机体外周血白细胞进一步得到修复和增加。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明，但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
一种含茶多糖的防辐射组合物，由茶多糖、昆布多糖、番茄红素按质量比16:3:1组成。
所述茶多糖是从白茶中提取得到的，具体制备方法如下：
白茶茶样用粉碎机粉碎后用双蒸水浸提，抽滤，后取滤渣，再浸提抽滤一次，合并滤液，于旋转蒸发仪减压蒸发浓缩至原体积的20%。将浓缩后的茶汤与3 倍体积的95%乙醇混合沉淀，7000 r·min -1 离心5 min，沉淀物用无水乙醇、丙酮、乙醚交替洗涤2 次，然后真空干燥，得到茶多糖。
防辐射实验
将60 只清洁级昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为6组：空白组、模型组、组合物组、茶多糖组、番茄红素组、昆布多糖组，每组10 只（组合物组、茶多糖组、番茄红素组、昆布多糖组的给药量均为50mg/kg）。除空白组外，其余组小鼠均用60Co 射线进行一次全身照射，照射总吸收剂量为2.0Gy。组合物组、茶多糖组、番茄红素组、昆布多糖组的各组小鼠于60Co 辐射前一天灌胃相应的药物水溶液（按50mg/kg的剂量称取相应剂量后溶于水），空白组和模型组动物灌胃给予等剂量的生理盐水，各组给药和生理盐水每日灌胃一次，连续七天。各组动物分别于照射前、照射后第7 天两次采尾末梢血，测白细胞(WBC) 数。
表1单组份和组合物对辐射损伤小鼠外周血白细胞数的影响
由上表可见，模型组与空白组比较，60Co射线照射后7 天白细胞数明显减少,造模成功。单组份的茶多糖和昆布多糖在一定程度上具有改善辐射损伤导致的小鼠外周血白细胞降低的作用，其中茶多糖的效果较好，番茄红素效果较弱，影响不大，而昆布多糖有一定程度的改善，是由于昆布多糖有显著的免疫调节功能，使小鼠外周血白细胞得到一定程度的修复和增加。但是将茶多糖、昆布多糖、番茄红素按质量比16:3:1组成后灌胃小鼠，则具有显著的改善辐射损伤导致的小鼠外周血白细胞降低的作用，说明番茄红素能够有效强化茶多糖的抗辐射性能，二者具有协同作用，再结合昆布多糖显著的免疫调节功能，使小鼠外周血白细胞进一步得到修复和增加。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种含茶多糖的防辐射组合物，其特征在于，所述防辐射组合物的由茶多糖、昆布多糖、番茄红素按质量比16:3:1组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含茶多糖的防辐射组合物，其特征在于，所述茶多糖是从白茶中提取得到的。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的含茶多糖的防辐射组合物的应用，其特征在于，所述防辐射组合物用于制备防辐射药物或防辐射保健食品。
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