CN1075183C - 便于将燃料加入加压容器中的方法及装置 - Google Patents
便于将燃料加入加压容器中的方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种便于把诸如泥煤和褐煤等含水燃料混合物加入到一个加压容器中的方法,还涉及一种用于实现改善把含水燃料混合物加入到加压容器中的进料方法的装置。该方法不会降低产能过程的经济性。
Description
本发明涉及一种便于把诸如泥煤和褐煤等含水燃料混合物加入到一个加压容器中的方法。
本发明还涉及一种用于实现改善把含水燃料混合物加入到加压容器中的进料方法的装置。
要把固体物料加入到一个加压的干燥器、高压气化器或任何其他类似的加压容器中的进料技术是复杂的。燃料进料时所遇到的最大困难是要使该物料克服一个压差而输送到一个更高压力的容器中。最容易的方法是通过泵压法来加入燃料,这样只需借助于一台相当简单的泵就可以将压力升高并把燃料混合物输送到一个较高压力的容器中而不需依靠昂贵的专门设备。然而,在这种情况下,需要泵送的混合物必须具有足够高的水分含量,以便能用泵或压力加料器来输送。如果该混合物的水分含量低于该物料可泵送的特定极限值,那么就必须采用昂贵的专门的方法来加入该燃料。而当把水分含量提高到可泵送的极限值时,又必须提高输入到所用的干燥装置中的能量,这将导致降低该过程的产能效率并引起对该系统的无效益的操作。因此,通过以便利的方式用泵压法来将含水的燃料投料并同时维持该系统有利的及基本的性能将能够获得经济上的效益。
根据泥煤的生产、输送以及上面所讨论的工艺,泥煤的最佳水分含量估计为60-70%。然而,泥煤可泵送的最低极限略高于此数值,其最低极限至少为75%,而在本领域的文献中记载的用于泵送的泥煤水分的数值达到90%甚至更高。在申请人所完成的试验中,可泵送的的水分极限值通常在72-73%的范围,而用于加料的泥煤只要水分含量达到约65%即可成功地加料。这些数字表明,根据工艺过程和燃料生产的因素,可泵送的水分极限值接近于燃料水分含量范围的上限值。因此,在将燃料加入加压容器之前,最好对其进行加湿处理,以便更容易进行加料。
芬兰专利申请894,588公开了一种通过泵压来将一种高水分含量的浆液状燃料送入高压容器中的方法。在该容器中,所说浆液接着被通过机械的方法除去足量的水以进行脱水,直至该燃料能直接加入锅炉中,或者在通过一个干燥器后能直接加入高压气化器为止。燃料的干燥也可通过例如过滤的方法来进行,在此情况下可使燃料中的水通过一种透水的器壁从高压容器进入常压区域而被除去。经过用这种方法脱水的燃料可以在流化床锅炉中燃烧而不需任何附加的干燥步骤。如果该燃料是气化的,就必须采用借助于蒸气干燥器的附加干燥步骤。
上述的方法需要复杂的设备结构。处于加压容器中的设备在结构上有特殊的要求,而且要通过压差来除去滤液而不产生压力的损失是困难的。该方法在燃料的气化方面没有提供实质性的好处,因为该燃料在任何情况下都必须在一个加压干燥器中经受进一步的干燥,而在提高压力下的机械式干燥只会使设备复杂化。只有当所用燃料的水分含量高到不能在加压干燥器中进行经济的干燥时,与气化步骤相连接的在提高压力下的机械式干燥才被认为是合理的。
另外,芬兰专利86,219公开了一种利用锅炉灰的废热所产生的热水或蒸汽来加湿燃料煤的方法。在提高了燃料的水分含量以后,该燃料就可以通过泵压法来加料。附加水的使用仅仅通过在同时提高燃料温度的情况下才是可行的,因而避免在燃烧步骤之前使输入干燥步骤中的能量有过大的增加。该方法只适合于那种能以相当干燥的形式来泵送的煤燃烧的情况,在此情况下,附加的水和在燃料中所合的水的总水量维持在相当低的水平。在物料具有高的基本含水量的情况下,再从工艺过程以外补入附加的水是不适当的。与此情况相类似,例如,为了使泥煤达到能够泵送的程度,必须使其具有很高的水分含量。由于这样一种燃料混合物在其燃烧之前的干燥步骤中需要花费大量的能量,这时,尽管由热水或蒸汽将其载带的过剩热量输送给燃料的加热阶段,然而由于附加的水所引起的对干燥工序的能量要求也可能对工艺过程的产能效率产生不利的影响。在上述的方法中,由于对加入到产能过程中的物料数量作了调整,因此工艺参数也必须作相应的调整。这样,该方法的应用除了要求建造新的设备以外,还必须采用能适应特殊方法条件的系统。加入到燃料中的额外水分造成设备体积的增加、效率的损失以及使进入燃气轮机燃烧室的气体的热值降低。
本发明的目的是要提供一种不需从外部往工艺过程中输入水或热量而能对燃料进行加湿和加热而使其成为可泵送状态的方法。
本发明的原理是利用从干燥器排出的蒸汽来加湿和加热有待加入产能过程中的燃料。
更具体地说,本发明的方法的特征在于,至少有一部分从燃料流中分离出的和从加压容器中排出的蒸气流至少被利用来加热有待加入到加压容器中的燃料。
另外,本发明的装置的特征在于,一个装置,通过该装置,至少有一部分由加压容器中排出的蒸汽被送去至少加热有待送入所说加压容器中的燃料。
本发明可带来重大的效益。
在本发明的实施方案中,利用在系统中连续地再循环的加压干燥器的蒸汽来加湿燃料。在该方案中,燃料始终不需与任何必须在干燥步骤之后除去的额外的水分一起加入。如果对用于加湿燃料的水量以及从加湿步骤中排出蒸汽的温度进行适当的设计,那么干燥器的能量平衡就能维持恒定,也就是说,从干燥器排出的蒸汽量对输入该干燥器的能量的比率维持不变。因此,整个产能过程的平衡方程保持不变。所以,本发明的方法只改变了干燥工艺,而从产能过程的其余部分来看,干燥步骤并没有变化。
可以将有待泵送的泥煤的水分含量和温度调节到在泵送阶段的最佳值,以使这些数值处于被所采用工艺变式和燃料可泵送性所规定的限定值内。由于对燃料颗粒和加入的水进行预热而使大燃料颗粒的相对干燥时间得以缩短,因而可以使得从干燥器中排出的燃料达到较均匀的干燥。
下面根据附图对本发明作更详细的叙述,其中,
图1简略地示出本发明的整套装置。
图2较详细地示出图1中的装置的一部分。
图1所示的是借助于一种以泥煤作燃料的燃气轮机来生产电能的一整套装置。首先把湿的燃料泥煤通过喷嘴1送入加压干燥器2中。干燥器2所需要的用于干燥的蒸汽由废热回收锅炉5来提供,而该蒸汽则借助于鼓风机4以饱和状态通过干燥器2和废热回收锅炉5在蒸汽循环管路3中进行再循环。从干燥器2引出的蒸汽循环管道3的输出管道设置有一个用于将蒸汽与干燃料分离的分离器6。该分离器6例如可以是一个旋风分离器。从分离器6出来之后,燃料沿着加料管道7被送入高压气化器9中,在其中,借助于引入的空气而将该燃料气化为燃料气。
在分离器6之后,干燥蒸汽管道3具有一个支管8,由燃料释放的蒸汽通过支管8而被从干燥蒸汽循环系统中除去。释放出的蒸汽沿着支管8被送入从气化器9引出的燃料气管道10中,在此处,该蒸汽混入燃料气中。然后,该蒸汽与燃料气的混合物被送入一个气体洗涤器11中,在此处对该混合气进行处理和洗涤以使其供燃气轮机14之用,然后该混合气被送入燃气轮机的燃烧室12。燃气轮机14的传动轴直接驱动压缩机15和发电机13。由燃气轮机14驱动的压缩机15把压缩空气送入作为燃气轮机的燃烧室12和气化器9的支路的空气管道16中。通往气化器9的支管由增压鼓风机17来提供所需的气体。
从燃气轮机14排出的废气被送往废热回收锅炉5,在此锅炉中,废气的热量被回收以用来加热干燥器2的再循环蒸汽和输入的蒸汽。用于燃气轮机的输入蒸汽由连接到废热回收锅炉上的蒸发器18来产生,所产生的蒸汽然后沿着管道19被送往燃气轮机的燃烧室12。被送往燃气轮机14的输入蒸汽和由燃料释放的蒸汽可以部分地取代由压缩机15提供的空气,这样就可以使输入压缩机的能量降低和使发电机13的输出能量提高一个相应的数量。在废热回收锅炉5中冷却了的废气通过一个洗涤器而排放入废气烟囱20中。
本发明的装置适合于上述的工艺过程,其中,把从分离器6引出的蒸汽管道与加湿蒸汽管道21相连接,而该加湿蒸汽管道21又进一步分支成混合蒸汽管道23和加热蒸汽管道22。在图2中更详细地示出了这种布置方式。混合蒸汽管道23直接通往处于增压/加料泵1之前的燃料进料喷嘴27。相应地,加热蒸汽管道连接到处于泵1之后的热交换器25上,而燃料进料管道从该热交换器中通过。有一条通水管道26从热交换器25引出并通到处于泵1之前的燃料进料管道27。在混合和加热蒸汽管道22、23上皆安装有阀24。另外,所说的装置可以配备一个喷嘴28和阀29,通过这些部件可以把在热交换器25中的冷凝水的一部分从系统中排放出来。
在该系统中,蒸汽加入燃料流的方式可以有多种变化。例如,可以将蒸汽混合进入加压之前的燃料中,这样,燃料的水分含量和温度由混合蒸汽的数量和温度来决定。在此情况下,蒸汽冷凝成燃料的水分含量并将它的热量释放给燃料-水混合物并因此提高了该混合物的温度。另外,也可以将蒸汽通过一个热变换器25进行循环,在此处,蒸汽加热了已被加压的燃料而其本身则冷凝成水。然后该冷凝了的热水就混合进燃料流中。
下面叙述几个实施方案以作为本发明应用范围的例证。
将来自干燥器的、温度为220℃和压力为23巴的饱和蒸汽冷凝到泥煤燃料中,这样可使泥煤的水分含量从70%(2.33kg水/1kg固体)增加至72.6%(2.65kg水/1kg固体),同时可使该燃料的温度从10℃提高到80℃。这种类型的混合装置不要求在加压步骤之后使用热交换器25,但作为代替,所有的蒸汽可作为混合蒸汽进料。
相应地,该泥煤的水分含量可以提高2%甚至4%,直至达到可泵送极限的任何水分含量而不需使工艺过程返复或者造成产能效率的降低。
使一部分蒸汽通过一个冷凝热变换器25,以使这部分蒸汽将其热量间接地释放给已被加压的泥煤,这样就可将泥煤加热到150℃,例如,同时还可将泥煤的水分含量从70%提高到75.4%。这一工艺可以在其余的工艺参数皆保持与使用含水量为70%的泥煤时相同的条件下完成,这样就可以使用更高水分含量的燃料而不需改变产能工艺。对于这样一套装置来说,尽管有一半的热量通过蒸汽的混合而输入到燃料中,然而该装置仍需要一个热交换器。
由于加湿步骤可以提高加料装置的气密性,因此其他类型的燃料也可利用类似的加湿装置并允许使用压力加料器。例如,当使用含水量为62%的褐煤时,干燥器蒸汽的循环能将褐煤加热到200℃并同时能将水分含量提高到70.3%而不会引起干燥器平衡方程的任何变化(干燥器蒸汽的排放速率不变,干燥器的能量输入速率不变)。相应地,将褐煤加热到220℃就允许将水分含量提高到71.3%。含水量为62%的褐煤含有1.62kg水/1kg固体,而含水量为70.3%则相应于含有2.37kg水/1kg固体以及含水量为71.3%相应于含有2.48kg水/1kg固体。
依靠本发明的方法来加湿可以在任何水分含量范围内用任何燃料很经济地产生能量,并可使该燃料的水分含量达到允许用泵来输送该燃料所需的数值。
以一种不让由蒸汽冷凝成的水返回到燃料中的方式来把蕴藏在干燥器所产生的蒸汽中的热量部分地再循环成该燃料的显热(Sensible heat)就能提供一种额外的可能性,即如上面所述那样,可以提高被产能工艺所忍受的燃料的最大水分含量。例如,把水分含量为75%(3.0kg水/1kg固体)的泥煤(至少部分地加压)用干燥器产生的蒸汽间接加热至150℃就能使工艺过程能够按照相应于水分含量为70%(2.33kg水/1kg固体)的泥煤所采用的其余工艺参数来进行。如果能利用最大的热量,则该方法很可能允许把能够为产能工艺所忍受的燃料的最大水分含量提高到约77%(3.3kg水/1kg固体)的数值。这一个特点可能特别适用于燃烧不同类型的纯化工厂的残渣。在该实施方案中,在热交换器8中的冷凝水可以通过喷嘴28从系统中排出。
除了上述的实施方案外,本发明还可具有其他的实施方案。
例如,可以不使用那种能在其中将蒸汽交替地或同时地作为混合蒸汽和/或加热蒸汽使用的整套装置而是仅仅使用该装置的两种系统中的任一种系统。明显地,后一种系统具有较小的可变性。用于加湿和加热的蒸汽也可取自处于干燥器之前的干燥器蒸汽系统,但这种布局可能改变直接进入干燥器的质量流,因此可能需要改变工艺条件。此外,从干燥器中排出的蒸汽的温度和水分含量较适合于用来加湿燃料。加湿蒸汽也可取自再循环蒸汽系统的支管8,由燃料释放的蒸汽沿着该支管从干燥蒸汽中分流出。
本发明不但能适用于在例举的实施方案中所叙述的产能工艺方法,而且能适用于那些对含水的燃料在其使用前必须加以干燥的所有工艺方法。即使本发明的这种燃料加湿和加热装置不能直接地应用,本发明的方法仍可用来把产能工艺方法调整到其最佳的操作范围。
如果该工艺过程使用一种不需外加专门加热蒸汽循环(干燥热适合通过传热面间接引入该循环)的干燥器,那么加湿蒸汽就取自从燃料中分离出的水所生成的蒸汽。例如,该方法可应用于流化床蒸汽干燥器的情形中。这时本发明的基本原理仍保持不变,也就是要求把用于加湿的水和热量通过燃料进料和压送阶段进行再循环而不导致干燥器平衡方程的任何变化。
Claims (11)
1.一种便于将含水的燃料混合物泵送到一个加压容器中的方法,该方法包括,
提高含水燃料的压力;
将燃料泵送到一个加压容器中,
通过提高燃料的温度以除去加压容器中的燃料的水分,
从该加压容器中排出燃料和生成的蒸气并使它们彼此分离,其特征在于,
把至少一部分从加压容器排出的燃料中分离出的蒸气流用于加热和加湿送入加压容器的燃料中,加热和加湿的步骤发生于将燃料泵送到加压容器中步骤之前,通过将从加压容器中产生的蒸气流分出的蒸气流在将燃料流加压之前混合到燃料流中,而使蒸气冷凝而加入到燃料流中,从而加热和加湿燃料流。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,把从蒸气流中分流出的一股蒸气流通入一个加压燃料流通过的热交换器中,该方法还包括将冷凝于热交换器中的水混合到未加压的燃料流中的步骤。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,还含有通过连接在热交换器上的喷嘴而将至少一部分冷凝于热交换器中的水从工艺过程中除去的步骤。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,加压容器是一个加压循环蒸气干燥器,从而将来自干燥器的燃料流中分离出来的已加热的再循环蒸气流再循环以用于再加热,以及从而将至少一部分由干燥器的燃料释放出的蒸气从再循环蒸气流中分流出来,
该方还包括将从干燥器的再循环蒸气流中分流出第二股蒸气流用于至少加热送入干燥器的燃料流。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,将从干燥器的再循环蒸气管路中分流出的蒸气流从再循环蒸气管路区段中分流出来,该管路区段连接干燥器的排料端至加热点。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,将从干燥器的再循环蒸气管路中分流出的蒸气流从再循环蒸气管路的区段中分流出来,从而从燃料释放出的和从再循环蒸气流中分流出的蒸气流经由该区段通过。
7.一套用于改善把含水燃料混合物送入加压容器中的改进的装置,所说装置包括:
一个加压容器;
用于提高含水燃料的压力的装置,该增压装置为操作地连接到加压容器;
用于将燃料泵送到所说加压容器的装置,该泵送燃料的装置为操作地连接到增压装置;
用于加热包含在所说加压容器中的燃料以降低该燃料的水含量的装置,
用于把所说燃料和产生的蒸气从所说加压容器中排出的装置和用于把所说燃料和所说蒸气彼此分开的装置,
用于将至少一部分从所说的加压容器排出的蒸气分流出以加热和加湿被送入加压容器的燃料的装置,该分流装置含有一个连接到循环蒸气管道的管道喷嘴和在增压装置之前的燃料泵送装置用以在燃料流在增压阶段之前将蒸气混合到燃料流中。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,把与所说再循环蒸气管道相连接的管道喷嘴连接到处于增压装置之后的热交换器的燃料泵送装置上,以便在燃料流增压阶段之后加热燃料流。
9.如权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,与所说再循环蒸气管道相连接的管道喷嘴连接到处于增压装置之前和增压装置之后的燃料泵送装置上。
10.如权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,与所说再循环蒸气管道相连接的管道喷嘴连接到那段将分离装置与加热装置相连接的管道上。
11.如权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,还包括一个连接在热交换器上的喷嘴,所说喷嘴用来把在热交换器内冷凝的至少一部分蒸气除去。
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IE870154L (en) * | 1987-01-21 | 1988-07-21 | Bord Na Mona | Peat drying apparatus |
DE3731720A1 (de) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-04-06 | Saarberg Interplan Gmbh | Verfahren zum trocknen von feststoffen |
US4949655A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1990-08-21 | Greer Fred C | Process for the utilization of powdered solid waste |
FI83816C (fi) * | 1989-10-25 | 1991-08-26 | Ahlstroem Oy | Foerfarande och anordning foer inmatning av fast material i en foerbraennings- eller foergasningsreaktor. |
DE4105128A1 (de) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-20 | Ver Energiewerke Ag | Verfahren zur braunkohlenaufbereitung fuer gas-dampf-kombiprozesse |
-
1992
- 1992-10-08 FI FI924541A patent/FI99051C/fi active
-
1993
- 1993-09-15 WO PCT/FI1993/000369 patent/WO1994009321A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-09-15 US US08/411,714 patent/US5655466A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-15 CA CA002146671A patent/CA2146671A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-09-15 CZ CZ95868A patent/CZ86895A3/cs unknown
- 1993-09-15 DE DE4395128T patent/DE4395128T1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-09-15 AU AU49630/93A patent/AU674343B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-09-15 PL PL93308263A patent/PL177359B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-15 HU HU9500990A patent/HU219920B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-22 IE IE930707A patent/IE70434B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-29 GR GR930100388A patent/GR1002226B/el not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-08 CN CN93118637A patent/CN1075183C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-05 DK DK199500390A patent/DK173861B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-05 SE SE9501264A patent/SE513888C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8919067B2 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2014-12-30 | Airlite Plastics Co. | Apparatus and method for construction of structures utilizing insulated concrete forms |
USD713975S1 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2014-09-23 | Airlite Plastics Co. | Insulative insert for insulated concrete form |
US10787827B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2020-09-29 | Airlite Plastics Co. | Concrete form with removable sidewall |
US11591813B2 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2023-02-28 | Airlite Plastics Co. | Concrete form with removable sidewall |
US11155995B2 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2021-10-26 | Airlite Plastics Co. | Concrete form with removable sidewall |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE9501264L (sv) | 1995-04-05 |
GR930100388A (el) | 1994-06-30 |
CN1089344A (zh) | 1994-07-13 |
HU219920B (hu) | 2001-09-28 |
HU9500990D0 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
IE930707A1 (en) | 1994-04-20 |
SE513888C2 (sv) | 2000-11-20 |
GR1002226B (en) | 1996-04-18 |
FI99051C (fi) | 1997-09-25 |
PL177359B1 (pl) | 1999-11-30 |
US5655466A (en) | 1997-08-12 |
SE9501264D0 (sv) | 1995-04-05 |
FI924541A (fi) | 1994-04-09 |
CA2146671A1 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
DK39095A (da) | 1995-04-05 |
FI99051B (fi) | 1997-06-13 |
CZ86895A3 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
PL308263A1 (en) | 1995-07-24 |
DE4395128T1 (de) | 1996-02-22 |
DK173861B1 (da) | 2002-01-07 |
WO1994009321A1 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
AU674343B2 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
FI924541A0 (fi) | 1992-10-08 |
AU4963093A (en) | 1994-05-09 |
IE70434B1 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
HUT71754A (en) | 1996-01-29 |
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