CN107517812A - 一种银杏的种植方法 - Google Patents
一种银杏的种植方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107517812A CN107517812A CN201711010187.3A CN201711010187A CN107517812A CN 107517812 A CN107517812 A CN 107517812A CN 201711010187 A CN201711010187 A CN 201711010187A CN 107517812 A CN107517812 A CN 107517812A
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- Prior art keywords
- parts
- ginkgo
- implantation methods
- transplanting
- water
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 241000218628 Ginkgo Species 0.000 claims abstract 19
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Abstract
本发明公开了一种银杏的种植方法，所述种植方法包括如下步骤：(1)基地建设(2)种子处理(3)播种(4)移植（5）浇水（6）施肥（7）除草（8）修剪（9）采摘。本发明种植方法，通过对银杏树栽种基地的处理，使得基地适宜于银杏树的生长环境，进而促进了银杏树的生长，进一步的促进了银杏树的养分吸收，提高了银杏树品质、改善了果实的质量和口感；银杏树苗在定植时，通过在银杏树苗的根系浸泡营养剂，不仅可以提高银杏树苗的成活率，而且幼苗生长健壮，为开花结果打好基础；在后期的管理中，通过科学的肥水和病虫防治管理，能够提高果实产量，增加收入。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域，具体涉及一种银杏的种植方法。
背景技术
银杏树高大挺拔，叶似扇形，叶形古雅，寿命绵长。冠大荫状，具有降温作用。无病虫害，不污染环境，树干光洁，是著名的无公害树种、有利于银杏的繁殖和增添风景。适应性强，银杏对气候土壤要求都很宽泛，抗烟尘、抗火灾、抗有毒气体。银杏树体高大，树干通直，姿态优美，春夏翠绿，深秋金黄，是理想的园林绿化、行道树种。可用于园林绿化、行道、公路、田间林网、防风林带的理想栽培树种。被列为中国四大长寿观赏树种（松、柏、槐、银杏）。银杏果俗称白果，它由肉质外种皮、骨质中种皮、膜质内种皮、种仁组成。白果养生延年，银杏在宋代被列为皇家贡品。就食用方式来看，银杏主要有炒食、烤食、煮食、配菜、糕点、蜜饯、罐头、饮料和酒类。有祛痰、止咳、润肺、定喘等功效，但大量进食后可引起中毒。据《本草纲目》记载：“熟食温肺、益气、定喘嗽、缩小便、止白浊；生食降痰、消毒杀虫”。现代科学证明：银杏种仁有抗大肠杆菌、白喉杆菌、葡萄球菌、结核杆菌、链球菌的作用。中医素以银杏种仁治疗支气管哮喘、慢性气管炎、肺结核、白带、淋浊、遗精等疾病。银杏种仁还有祛斑平皱，治疗疮、癣的作用。
近年来，随着我国土壤环境的恶化，土壤中的钾、镁、磷等微量元素的含量急剧下降，使得银杏树出现营养不良，病虫害加重的现象，也使得银杏果子的营养成分不足，萌芽率不高，严重地降低了银杏的种植效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种银杏的种植方法，该银杏的种植方法能够提升银杏保鲜时间，明显增强抗病虫害能力，有效提高银杏的产量和种植的经济效益水平。
实现本发明目的的技术方案为：
一种银杏的种植方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）选土层深厚、肥沃疏松、排灌条件好的壤土做种植地，施基肥2500-3000kg，深耕30-40cm，做宽0.8-1.2m、高8-10cm、沟宽28-32cm的高床，浇透水备用；
（2）在播种前12-14天，将种子去皮阴干用塑料薄膜包装后放入0-2℃的冰箱中保存10-15h，取出再用浸种液浸泡10-15min，捞出用清水洗净备用；
（3）播种时，以每亩100-120kg的播种量将质量标准为450-550粒/kg种子均匀撒播在高床上，播后覆土3-4cm厚并压实；当年幼苗可长至15-25cm，即可移植；
（4）移植前，在移植地上撒上一层1-3cm厚的所述基肥，浇透水后即可移植；
（5）移植后前2年每隔2个月浇一次水；2年后每隔6个月浇一次水；
（6）移植后前5年施银杏专用A肥，每棵4-5kg；5年后施银杏专用B肥，每棵5-6kg；且在移植后第2年，在根部浇淋营养剂，每棵20-30g；
（7）移植第1年每隔2个月除草1次，之后每年在6月份除草1次、11月份除草1次；
（8）在树长至1-1.2m时，整形剪枝，剪去枯枝、病枝，树冠需呈自然圆头型；
（9）适时采摘。
步骤（1）和步骤（4）所述基肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：农作物秸秆20-30份、蛭石10-12份、蚯蚓屎2-4份、贝壳粉1-2份、黄腐酸钾13-15份、EDTA螯合锰4-6份、硅藻土20-24份、石灰石5-7份、植物生长调节剂1-2份。
步骤（2）所述浸种液，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：柠檬酸1-2份、萘乙酸2-4份、红辣椒素1-2份、大蒜汁3-5份、硼砂1-3份、草木灰8-10份、高锰酸钾2-3份、清水4-6份。
步骤（6）所述银杏专用A肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：木炭灰20-30份、磷酸钾2-4份、碳酸钙1-3份、硫酸锰1-2份、腐熟鸡鸭粪50-60份、塘泥30-50份、葡萄籽10-12份、水葫芦30-40份、纤维素酶制剂4-8份、低聚异麦芽糖2-3份。
步骤（6）所述银杏专用B肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：腐熟猪粪50-60份、苜蓿草10-20份、板栗壳8-16份、荸荠皮5-7份、甘蔗渣10-20份、玉石粉4-8份、干伊乐藻15-25份、苦丁茶渣2-4份、油菜花籽2-4份、丙氨酸2-4份、硫酸铵铁0.5-0.7份。
步骤（6）所述营养剂，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：硫酸锌6-10份、亚硒酸钠1-3份、氯化亚铁2-4份、钼酸铵1-3份、有机酸钙3-5份、生长素0.2-0.4份、木醋液12-16份、葡萄糖酸15-20份、甲壳素0.5-0.7份、复合氨基酸10-16份、水30-50份。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明种植方法，通过对银杏树栽种基地的处理，使得基地适宜于银杏树的生长环境，进而促进了银杏树的生长，进一步的促进了银杏树的养分吸收，提高了银杏树品质、改善了果实的质量和口感；银杏树苗在定植时，通过在银杏树苗的根系浸泡营养剂，不仅可以提高银杏树苗的成活率，而且幼苗生长健壮，为开花结果打好基础；在后期的管理中，通过科学的肥水和病虫防治管理，能够提高果实产量，增加收入。
具体实施方式
为使本发明技术方案更具体，更易于明白，以下结合具体实施例为本发明作进一步的说明，但并不是多本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种银杏的种植方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）选土层深厚、肥沃疏松、排灌条件好的壤土做种植地，施基肥2500kg，深耕30cm，做宽0.8m、高8cm、沟宽28cm的高床，浇透水备用；
（2）在播种前12天，将种子去皮阴干用塑料薄膜包装后放入0℃的冰箱中保存10h，取出再用浸种液浸泡10min，捞出用清水洗净备用；
（3）播种时，以每亩100kg的播种量将质量标准为450粒/kg种子均匀撒播在高床上，播后覆土3cm厚并压实；当年幼苗可长至15cm，即可移植；
（4）移植前，在移植地上撒上一层1cm厚的所述基肥，浇透水后即可移植；
（5）移植后前2年每隔2个月浇一次水；2年后每隔6个月浇一次水；
（6）移植后前5年施银杏专用A肥，每棵4kg；5年后施银杏专用B肥，每棵5kg；且在移植后第2年，在根部浇淋营养剂，每棵20g；
（7）移植第1年每隔2个月除草1次，之后每年在6月份除草1次、11月份除草1次；
（8）在树长至1m时，整形剪枝，剪去枯枝、病枝，树冠需呈自然圆头型；
（9）适时采摘。
步骤（1）和步骤（4）所述基肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：农作物秸秆20份、蛭石10份、蚯蚓屎2份、贝壳粉1份、黄腐酸钾13份、EDTA螯合锰4份、硅藻土20份、石灰石5份、植物生长调节剂1份。
步骤（2）所述浸种液，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：柠檬酸1份、萘乙酸2份、红辣椒素1份、大蒜汁3份、硼砂1份、草木灰8份、高锰酸钾2份、清水4份。
步骤（6）所述银杏专用A肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：木炭灰20份、磷酸钾2份、碳酸钙1份、硫酸锰1份、腐熟鸡鸭粪50份、塘泥30份、葡萄籽10份、水葫芦30份、纤维素酶制剂4份、低聚异麦芽糖2份。
步骤（6）所述银杏专用B肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：腐熟猪粪50份、苜蓿草10份、板栗壳8份、荸荠皮5份、甘蔗渣10份、玉石粉4份、干伊乐藻15份、苦丁茶渣2份、油菜花籽2份、丙氨酸2份、硫酸铵铁0.5份。
步骤（6）所述营养剂，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：硫酸锌6、亚硒酸钠1份、氯化亚铁2份、钼酸铵1份、有机酸钙3份、生长素0.2份、木醋液12份、葡萄糖酸15份、甲壳素0.5份、复合氨基酸10份、水30份。
实施例2
一种银杏的种植方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）选土层深厚、肥沃疏松、排灌条件好的壤土做种植地，施基肥2750kg，深耕35cm，做宽1m、高9cm、沟宽30cm的高床，浇透水备用；
（2）在播种前13天，将种子去皮阴干用塑料薄膜包装后放入1℃的冰箱中保存12h，取出再用浸种液浸泡12min，捞出用清水洗净备用；
（3）播种时，以每亩110kg的播种量将质量标准为500粒/kg种子均匀撒播在高床上，播后覆土3.5cm厚并压实；当年幼苗可长至20cm，即可移植；
（4）移植前，在移植地上撒上一层2cm厚的所述基肥，浇透水后即可移植；
（5）移植后前2年每隔2个月浇一次水；2年后每隔6个月浇一次水；
（6）移植后前5年施银杏专用A肥，每棵4.5kg；5年后施银杏专用B肥，每棵5.5kg；且在移植后第2年，在根部浇淋营养剂，每棵25g；
（7）移植第1年每隔2个月除草1次，之后每年在6月份除草1次、11月份除草1次；
（8）在树长至1.1m时，整形剪枝，剪去枯枝、病枝，树冠需呈自然圆头型；
（9）适时采摘。
步骤（1）和步骤（4）所述基肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：农作物秸秆25份、蛭石11份、蚯蚓屎3份、贝壳粉1.5份、黄腐酸钾14份、EDTA螯合锰5份、硅藻土22份、石灰石6份、植物生长调节剂1.5份。
步骤（2）所述浸种液，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：柠檬酸1.5份、萘乙酸6份、红辣椒素1.5份、大蒜汁4份、硼砂2份、草木灰9份、高锰酸钾2.5份、清水5份。
步骤（6）所述银杏专用A肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：木炭灰25份、磷酸钾3份、碳酸钙2份、硫酸锰1.5份、腐熟鸡鸭粪55份、塘泥40份、葡萄籽11份、水葫芦35份、纤维素酶制剂6份、低聚异麦芽糖2.5份。
步骤（6）所述银杏专用B肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：腐熟猪粪55份、苜蓿草15份、板栗壳12份、荸荠皮6份、甘蔗渣15份、玉石粉6份、干伊乐藻20份、苦丁茶渣3份、油菜花籽3份、丙氨酸3份、硫酸铵铁0.6份。
步骤（6）所述营养剂，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：硫酸锌8份、亚硒酸钠2份、氯化亚铁3份、钼酸铵2份、有机酸钙4份、生长素0.3份、木醋液14份、葡萄糖酸18份、甲壳素0.6份、复合氨基酸13份、水40份。
实施例3
一种银杏的种植方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）选土层深厚、肥沃疏松、排灌条件好的壤土做种植地，施基肥3000kg，深耕40cm，做宽1.2m、高10cm、沟宽32cm的高床，浇透水备用；
（2）在播种前14天，将种子去皮阴干用塑料薄膜包装后放入2℃的冰箱中保存15h，取出再用浸种液浸泡15min，捞出用清水洗净备用；
（3）播种时，以每亩120kg的播种量将质量标准为550粒/kg种子均匀撒播在高床上，播后覆土4cm厚并压实；当年幼苗可长至25cm，即可移植；
（4）移植前，在移植地上撒上一层3cm厚的所述基肥，浇透水后即可移植；
（5）移植后前2年每隔2个月浇一次水；2年后每隔6个月浇一次水；
（6）移植后前5年施银杏专用A肥，每棵5kg；5年后施银杏专用B肥，每棵6kg；且在移植后第2年，在根部浇淋营养剂，每棵30g；
（7）移植第1年每隔2个月除草1次，之后每年在6月份除草1次、11月份除草1次；
（8）在树长至1.2m时，整形剪枝，剪去枯枝、病枝，树冠需呈自然圆头型；
（9）适时采摘。
步骤（1）和步骤（4）所述基肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：农作物秸秆30份、蛭石12份、蚯蚓屎4份、贝壳粉2份、黄腐酸钾15份、EDTA螯合锰6份、硅藻土24份、石灰石7份、植物生长调节剂2份。
步骤（2）所述浸种液，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：柠檬酸2份、萘乙酸4份、红辣椒素2份、大蒜汁5份、硼砂3份、草木灰10份、高锰酸钾3份、清水6份。
步骤（6）所述银杏专用A肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：木炭灰30份、磷酸钾4份、碳酸钙3份、硫酸锰2份、腐熟鸡鸭粪60份、塘泥50份、葡萄籽12份、水葫芦40份、纤维素酶制剂8份、低聚异麦芽糖3份。
步骤（6）所述银杏专用B肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：腐熟猪粪60份、苜蓿草20份、板栗壳16份、荸荠皮7份、甘蔗渣20份、玉石粉8份、干伊乐藻25份、苦丁茶渣4份、油菜花籽4份、丙氨酸4份、硫酸铵铁0.7份。
步骤（6）所述营养剂，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：硫酸锌10份、亚硒酸钠3份、氯化亚铁4份、钼酸铵3份、有机酸钙5份、生长素0.4份、木醋液16份、葡萄糖酸20份、甲壳素0.7份、复合氨基酸16份、水50份。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种银杏的种植方法，其特征是：包括如下步骤：
（1）选土层深厚、肥沃疏松、排灌条件好的壤土做种植地，施基肥2500-3000kg，深耕30-40cm，做宽0.8-1.2m、高8-10cm、沟宽28-32cm的高床，浇透水备用；
（2）在播种前12-14天，将种子去皮阴干用塑料薄膜包装后放入0-2℃的冰箱中保存10-15h，取出再用浸种液浸泡10-15min，捞出用清水洗净备用；
（3）播种时，以每亩100-120kg的播种量将质量标准为450-550粒/kg种子均匀撒播在高床上，播后覆土3-4cm厚并压实；当年幼苗可长至15-25cm，即可移植；
（4）移植前，在移植地上撒上一层1-3cm厚的所述基肥，浇透水后即可移植；
（5）移植后前2年每隔2个月浇一次水；2年后每隔6个月浇一次水；
（6）移植后前5年施银杏专用A肥，每棵4-5kg；5年后施银杏专用B肥，每棵5-6kg；且在移植后第2年，在根部浇淋营养剂，每棵20-30g；
（7）移植第1年每隔2个月除草1次，之后每年在6月份除草1次、11月份除草1次；
（8）在树长至1-1.2m时，整形剪枝，剪去枯枝、病枝，树冠需呈自然圆头型；
（9）适时采摘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的银杏的种植方法，其特征是：步骤（1）和步骤（4）所述基肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：农作物秸秆20-30份、蛭石10-12份、蚯蚓屎2-4份、贝壳粉1-2份、黄腐酸钾13-15份、EDTA螯合锰4-6份、硅藻土20-24份、石灰石5-7份、植物生长调节剂1-2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的银杏的种植方法，其特征是：步骤（2）所述浸种液，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：柠檬酸1-2份、萘乙酸2-4份、红辣椒素1-2份、大蒜汁3-5份、硼砂1-3份、草木灰8-10份、高锰酸钾2-3份、清水4-6份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的银杏的种植方法，其特征是：步骤（6）所述银杏专用A肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：木炭灰20-30份、磷酸钾2-4份、碳酸钙1-3份、硫酸锰1-2份、腐熟鸡鸭粪50-60份、塘泥30-50份、葡萄籽10-12份、水葫芦30-40份、纤维素酶制剂4-8份、低聚异麦芽糖2-3份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的银杏的种植方法，其特征是：步骤（6）所述银杏专用B肥，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：腐熟猪粪50-60份、苜蓿草10-20份、板栗壳8-16份、荸荠皮5-7份、甘蔗渣10-20份、玉石粉4-8份、干伊乐藻15-25份、苦丁茶渣2-4份、油菜花籽2-4份、丙氨酸2-4份、硫酸铵铁0.5-0.7份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的银杏的种植方法，其特征是：步骤（6）所述营养剂，由以下原料按照重量份配比制成：硫酸锌6-10份、亚硒酸钠1-3份、氯化亚铁2-4份、钼酸铵1-3份、有机酸钙3-5份、生长素0.2-0.4份、木醋液12-16份、葡萄糖酸15-20份、甲壳素0.5-0.7份、复合氨基酸10-16份、水30-50份。
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| CN111837827A (zh) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-30 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | 一种盐碱地牧场牧草混合种植管理方法 |
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