CN107515017B - 一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计 - Google Patents

一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计 Download PDF

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CN107515017B
CN107515017B CN201710595167.0A CN201710595167A CN107515017B CN 107515017 B CN107515017 B CN 107515017B CN 201710595167 A CN201710595167 A CN 201710595167A CN 107515017 B CN107515017 B CN 107515017B
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唐才杰
王学锋
江淮
蓝天
罗明明
卞贺明
崔留住
李保勇
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Beijing Aerospace Wanda Hi Tech Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，包括窄线宽扫描激光器、第一光纤耦合器、光环行器、待测光纤、光波移频器、第二光纤耦合器、第一偏振分束器、第二偏振分束器、第一平衡光电探测器、第二平衡光电探测器、第三光纤耦合器、第一法拉第旋转反射镜、第二法拉第旋转反射镜、参考光纤干涉仪、光电探测器、信号采集处理单元，通过对测量光、参考光进行移频调制，将关于零时延对称的待测光纤散射信号光同本振光叠加产生的干涉信号在频谱上分开。本发明公开的一种光波移频调制的光频率反射计，抑制了关于零延时对称的待测光纤散射信号光的干涉信号之间的相互干扰，同时实现对关于零时延对称的散射信号光的测量，提高了最大测量光纤长度。

Description

一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光频域反射计，特别涉及一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计。
背景技术
光频域反射计是光纤传感测量和光纤器件测量的重要手段；通过光频域反射计测量沿光纤的后向瑞利散射、光纤光栅的后向反射，可以实现光纤温度、应变、振动等的分布式测量或多点测量；通过光频域反射计测量光纤的后向瑞利散射、光器件的背向反射，可以实现对光纤及光器件的损耗、色散、偏振等多种参数的测量。
针对光纤传感测量应用，典型的光频域反射计的方案(参见“High resolutionoptical frequency domain reflectometry for characterization of components andassemblies”，Optics Express，January 2005，Vol.13，No.2)，包括窄线宽扫描激光器、光纤耦合器、待测光纤、偏振控制器、偏振分束器、参考光纤干涉仪、光电探测器、模数转换器、信号处理单元。
待测光纤不同位置的散射信号光同本振光之间具有不同的时延td；当窄线宽扫描激光器的频率变化时，不同位置的散射信号光同本振光之间叠加产生不同频率ftd的干涉信号；通过干涉信号的频率，可以确定散射信号光对应的时延td和光纤位置Ld，从而实现对光纤的分布式测量。
信号处理流程为如下：对散射信号光和本振光叠加产生的s偏振分量干涉信号进行傅里叶变换；对傅里叶变换获得的频谱加中心为ftd的窗函数滤波获得待测光纤Ltd位置的散射信号光对应的频谱信号；对滤波后的频谱信号进行反傅里叶变换获得待测光纤Ltd位置的散射信号光的s偏振分量的光谱信息。对散射信号光和本振光叠加产生的p偏振分量干涉信号进行傅里叶变换，对傅里叶变换获得的频谱加中心为ftd的窗函数滤波获得待测光纤Ltd位置的散射信号光对应的频谱信号，对滤波后的频谱信号进行反傅里叶变换获得待测光纤Ltd位置的散射信号光的p偏振分量的光谱信息。对s偏振分量、p偏振分量的光谱信息进行矢量叠加，获得偏振无关的散射信号光的光谱。测量的散射信号光光谱和初始状态进行相关运算，解算出散射信号光光谱的波长变化。根据散射信号光光谱的波长变化同温度、应变之间的关系，获得待测光纤的温度或应变。
当散射信号光和本振光之间的时延为td、-td时，信号光和本振光之间的干涉信号的频率相同，从而存在相对零时延对称的散射信号光的干涉信号之间相互干扰的问题。现有的方法通过抑制时延为td的干涉信号、测量时延为-td的干涉信号，或者抑制时延为-td的干涉信号、测量试验为td的干涉信号；一方面增加了对光路长度控制的难度，另一方面减小了能够测量的最大光纤长度。
现有的增加测量长度的方法，集中在突破激光器相干长度对最大测量光纤长度的限制，通过参考光纤干涉仪实时测量激光器相位噪声并对干涉信号进行数字化补偿，增加了测量距离；但是仍然没有解决时延为td、-td的散射信号光的干涉信号相互干扰的问题。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：针对现有光频域反射计，相对零时延对称的散射信号光的干涉信号存在相互干扰的问题；提出了一种光学移频调制的光频率反射计，通过光波移频调制，抑制了关于零延时对称的散射信号光的干涉信号之间的相互干扰，降低了光路调整的难度，同时提高了最大测量光纤长度。
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，包括：窄线宽扫描激光器、光环行器、第一光波移频器、第一光纤耦合器、第二光纤耦合器、第一偏振分束器、第二偏振分束器、第一平衡光电探测器、第二平衡光电探测器、参考光纤干涉仪、光电探测器、模数转换器、信号处理单元；窄线宽扫描激光器的输出光经过第一光纤耦合器后分成三路；
第一光纤耦合器的第一路输出光经过光环行器的输入端口、双向传输端口后输入待测光纤，待测光纤的后向散射信号光经过光环行器的双向传输端口、后向传输端口输入第二光纤耦合器的第一输入端口；第一光纤耦合器的第二路输出光输入第一光波移频器，第一光波移频器输出的移频调制光输入第二光纤耦合器的第二输入端口；第一光纤耦合器的第三路输出光输入参考光纤干涉仪；
第二光纤耦合器的第一路输出光经过第一偏振分束器，分开成s、p偏振分量；第二光纤耦合器的第二路输出光经过第二偏振分束器，分开成s、p偏振分量；第一偏振分束器输出的s偏振分量和第二偏振分束器输出的s偏振分量输入第一平衡光电探测器；第一偏振分束器输出的p偏振分量和第二偏振分束器输出的p偏振分量输入第二平衡光电探测器；
参考光纤干涉仪的输出光输入光电探测器；第一平衡光电探测器、第二平衡光电探测器、光电探测器的输出信号输入模数转换器进行模数转换；信号处理单元接收模数转换器转换后的信号并通过数字信号处理完成信号的解调。
所述参考光纤干涉仪包括第三光纤耦合器、延时光纤、第一法拉第旋转反射镜、第二法拉第旋转反射镜；第三光纤耦合器的第一端口作为参考光纤干涉仪的输入端口，第二端口作为参考光纤干涉仪的输出端口，第三端口与第一法拉第旋转反射镜连接，第四端口与延时光纤的第一端口连接；延时光纤的第二端口与第二法拉第旋转反射镜连接。
所述待测光纤输出的散射信号光和第一光波移频器输出的经过移频调制的本振光在第二光纤耦合器叠加产生移频调制的干涉信号，光波移频器将相对零时延对称的时延分别为td、-td的散射信号光和本振光之间产生的干涉信号的频率分开为fm-ftd、fm+ftd，其中，fm为移频调制的频率，ftd为时延为td的散射信号光和光波移频器断开时的本振光之间的干涉信号的频率。
还包括第二光波移频器，第二光波移频器分别与第一光纤耦合器第一路输出光的输出端口及光环行器的输入端口相连。
所述第一光波移频器对第一光纤耦合器的第二路输出光进行移频调制、第二光波移频器对第一光纤耦合器的第一路输出光进行移频调制，两路移频调制的频率差为fm。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：
(1)本发明公开的一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，通过光波移频调制将相对零时延对称的散射信号光和本振光之间产生的干涉信号的频率分开，实现了相对零时延对称的散射信号光的同时检测，提高了能够测量的最大光纤长度。
(2)本发明公开的一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，抑制了关于零时延对称的散射信号光的干涉信号之间的相互干扰，不需要精确控制零时延点的位置，降低了光路长度控制的难度。
(3)本发明公开的一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，通过光波移频调制提高了散射信号光和本振光之间的干涉信号的频率，减小了低频环境干扰噪声对信号检测的影响。
附图说明
图1为本发明的光波移频调制器的光频域反射计的一种结构示意图；
图2为本发明的光波移频调制器的光频域反射计的另一种结构示意图；
图3为移频调制后的散射信号光的干涉信号频率示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开的一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，如图1所示，光波移频调制的光频域反射计包括窄线宽扫描激光器1、第一光纤耦合器21、光环行器3、第一光波移频器51、第二光纤耦合器22、第一偏振分束器61、第二偏振分束器62、第一平衡光电探测器71、第二平衡光电探测器72、第三光纤耦合器23、第一法拉第旋转反射镜91、第二法拉第旋转反射镜92、延时光纤10、光电探测器8、模数转换器12、信号处理单元13；
窄线宽扫描激光器1的输出光经过第一光纤耦合器21后分成三路；第一光纤耦合器21输出的第一路光，经过光环行器3的输入端口、双向传输端口后输入待测光纤4；待测光纤4的后向散射散射光经过光环行器3的双向传输端口、后向传输端口输入第二光纤耦合器22的第一输入端口；第一光纤耦合器21的第二路输出光，输入第一光波移频器51；第一光波移频器51输出的移频调制光输入第二光纤耦合器22的第二输入端口；第二光纤耦合器22的第一路输出光经过第一偏振分束器61，分开成s、p偏振分量；第二光纤耦合器22的第二路输出光经过第二偏振分束器62，分开成s、p偏振分量；第一偏振分束器61输出的s偏振分量和第二偏振分束器62输出的s偏振分量输入第一平衡光电探测器71；第一偏振分束器61输出的p偏振分量和第二偏振分束器62输出的p偏振分量输入第二平衡光电探测器72；第三光纤耦合器23的第三端口和第一法拉第旋转反射镜91连接，第三光纤耦合器23的第四端口和延时光纤10的第一端口连接，延时光纤10的第二端口和第二法拉第旋转反射镜92连接，第三光纤耦合器23、延时光纤10、第一法拉第旋转反射镜91、第二法拉第旋转反射镜92构成参考光纤干涉仪11，第三光纤耦合器23的第一端口作为参考光纤干涉仪的输入端口，第三光纤耦合器23的第二端口作为参考光纤干涉仪的输出端口；第一光纤耦合器21的第三路输出光输入参考光纤干涉仪11；参考光纤干涉仪11的输出光输入光电探测器8；第一平衡光电探测器71、第二平衡光电探测器72、光电探测器8的三路输出信号，输入模数转换器12；信号处理单元13通过数字信号处理完成信号的解调。
窄线宽扫描激光器1的频率在一定范围内做扫描，待测光纤4的散射信号光和经过移频调制的本振光在第二光纤耦合器22叠加产生移频调制的干涉信号，移频调制的频率为fm，如图3所示，相对零时延对称的时延为td、-td的信号光的干涉信号频率分开为fm-ftd、fm+ftd，抑制了相互干扰，ftd为时延为td的散射信号光和光波移频器51断开时的本振光之间的干涉信号的频率；第一平衡光电探测器71接收干涉信号的s偏振分量，第二平衡光电探测器72接收干涉信号的p偏振分量；光电探测器8接收参考光纤干涉仪11输出的干涉信号；模数转换器12采集三路光电转换的s偏振分量干涉信号、p偏振分量干涉信号、参考干涉信号，将数字信号输入信号处理单元13。信号处理单元13通过参考光纤干涉仪11输出干涉信号实现对窄线宽扫描激光器1频率变化和相位噪声的测量，并实现对s偏振分量干涉信号、p偏振分量干涉信号进行等频率间隔重采样和相位补偿，对s偏振分量干涉信号进行傅里叶变换——加窗函数滤波——反傅里叶变换获得信号光s偏振分量的光谱信息，对p偏振分量干涉信号进行傅里叶变换——加窗函数滤波——反傅里叶变换获得信号光p偏振分量的光谱信息，对信号光s偏振分量、p偏振分量的光谱信息进行矢量叠加，获得偏振无关的散射信号光光谱；散射信号光光谱和初始状态进行相关运算，测量出相关运算结果的极大值对应的波长变化，作为散射信号光光谱的波长变化；根据散射信号光光谱的波长变化同温度、应变之间的关系，获得待测光纤4的温度或应变。
如图2所示，光波移频调制的光频域反射计还可以包括第二光波移频器52，第二光波移频器52分别与第一光纤耦合器21第一路输出光的输出端口及光环行器3的输入端口相连。采用第一光波移频器51对本振光(第一光纤耦合器21第二路输出光)进行移频调制、采用第二光波移频器52对测量光(第一光纤耦合器21第一路输出光)进行移频调制，两路移频调制的频率差为fm。
本发明未详细说明部分属于本领域技术人员公知常识。

Claims (4)

1.一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，其特征在于，包括：窄线宽扫描激光器(1)、光环行器(3)、第一光波移频器(51)、第一光纤耦合器(21)、第二光纤耦合器(22)、第一偏振分束器(61)、第二偏振分束器(62)、第一平衡光电探测器(71)、第二平衡光电探测器(72)、参考光纤干涉仪(11)、光电探测器(8)、模数转换器(12)、信号处理单元(13)；窄线宽扫描激光器(1)的输出光经过第一光纤耦合器(21)后分成三路；
第一光纤耦合器(21)的第一路输出光经过光环行器(3)的输入端口、双向传输端口后输入待测光纤(4)，待测光纤(4)的后向散射信号光经过光环行器(3)的双向传输端口、后向传输端口输入第二光纤耦合器(22)的第一输入端口；第一光纤耦合器(21)的第二路输出光输入第一光波移频器(51)，第一光波移频器(51)输出的移频调制光输入第二光纤耦合器(22)的第二输入端口；第一光纤耦合器(21)的第三路输出光输入参考光纤干涉仪(11)；
第二光纤耦合器(22)的第一路输出光经过第一偏振分束器(61)，分开成s、p偏振分量；第二光纤耦合器(22)的第二路输出光经过第二偏振分束器(62)，分开成s、p偏振分量；第一偏振分束器(61)输出的s偏振分量和第二偏振分束器(62)输出的s偏振分量输入第一平衡光电探测器(71)；第一偏振分束器(61)输出的p偏振分量和第二偏振分束器(62)输出的p偏振分量输入第二平衡光电探测器(72)；
参考光纤干涉仪(11)的输出光输入光电探测器(8)；第一平衡光电探测器(71)、第二平衡光电探测器(72)、光电探测器(8)的输出信号输入模数转换器(12)进行模数转换；信号处理单元(13)接收模数转换器(12)转换后的信号并通过数字信号处理完成信号的解调；
所述待测光纤(4)输出的散射信号光和第一光波移频器(51)输出的经过移频调制的本振光在第二光纤耦合器(22)叠加产生移频调制的干涉信号，第一光波移频器(51)将相对零时延对称的时延分别为td、-td的散射信号光和本振光之间产生的干涉信号的频率分开为fm-ftd、fm+ftd，其中，fm为移频调制的频率，ftd为时延为td的散射信号光和第一光波移频器(51)断开时的本振光之间的干涉信号的频率。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，其特征在于：所述参考光纤干涉仪(11)包括第三光纤耦合器(23)、延时光纤(10)、第一法拉第旋转反射镜(91)、第二法拉第旋转反射镜(92)；第三光纤耦合器(23)的第一端口作为参考光纤干涉仪的输入端口，第二端口作为参考光纤干涉仪的输出端口，第三端口与第一法拉第旋转反射镜(91)连接，第四端口与延时光纤(10)的第一端口连接；延时光纤(10)的第二端口与第二法拉第旋转反射镜(92)连接。
3.根据权利要求书1或2所述的一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，其特征在于：还包括第二光波移频器(52)，第二光波移频器(52)分别与第一光纤耦合器(21)第一路输出光的输出端口及光环行器(3)的输入端口相连。
4.根据权利要求书3所述的一种光波移频调制的光频域反射计，其特征在于：所述第一光波移频器(51)对第一光纤耦合器(21)的第二路输出光进行移频调制、第二光波移频器(52)对第一光纤耦合器(21)的第一路输出光进行移频调制，将两路移频调制的频率差作为fm。
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