CN107514290B - Asymmetric air turbine suitable for Asian sea area oscillation water column type wave energy power generation device - Google Patents

Asymmetric air turbine suitable for Asian sea area oscillation water column type wave energy power generation device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107514290B
CN107514290B CN201710895256.7A CN201710895256A CN107514290B CN 107514290 B CN107514290 B CN 107514290B CN 201710895256 A CN201710895256 A CN 201710895256A CN 107514290 B CN107514290 B CN 107514290B
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hub
air turbine
wave energy
water column
turbine
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CN107514290A (en
Inventor
刘臻
崔莹
史宏达
黎明
齐磊
许传礼
孙立新
张莹
张晓霞
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Ocean University of China
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Ocean University of China
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/147Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F03B13/142Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which creates an oscillating water column
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an asymmetric air turbine suitable for an Asian sea oscillating water column type wave energy generating device, which comprises a hollow hub, wherein hub heads for sealing a hub cavity are respectively arranged at two sides of the hub, a moving blade wheel capable of rotating around the hub is arranged on the hub, moving blades are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the moving blade wheel along the circumferential direction, the vertical section shape of each moving blade is crescent, the protruding radian of one side of each crescent is larger than the protruding radian of the other side of each crescent, and a circle of guide vanes with larger leaf expansion than the moving blades are respectively arranged at two sides of each moving blade wheel along the circumferential direction of the hub. The air turbine disclosed by the invention can increase the flow-facing area of the pressure surface of the moving blade at a high incident flow speed in the expiration stage, delay the flow speed separation phenomenon of the air flow on the suction surface of the moving blade, reduce the power loss generated when the air flow driven blade enters the downstream guide blade, improve the power utilization efficiency of the air turbine in the expiration stage, and further improve the cycle average efficiency of the air turbine in actual sea conditions.

Description

Asymmetric air turbine suitable for Asian sea area oscillation water column type wave energy power generation device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wave energy power generation, and particularly relates to an asymmetric air turbine suitable for an Asian sea oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device.
Background
Wave energy refers to the kinetic and potential energy possessed by ocean surface waves, and is proportional to the square of wave height, the motion cycle of the waves, and the width of the wave-facing surface. Although wave energy is one of the most unstable energy sources in the ocean, its reserves are quite considerable worldwide, with theoretical estimates of about 17 TW.h each year. According to the different working principles of the device for absorbing wave energy, the wave energy power generation device can be divided into three types of oscillating water column type, wave surmounting type and oscillating body type. In contrast, the oscillating water column (Oscillating Water Column, abbreviated as OWC) wave energy generating device has a simple structure, can be combined with a breakwater device to reduce the construction cost, and meanwhile, has higher reliability and is more convenient to maintain because the energy conversion device is not contacted with seawater. Large OWC installations since 2010 were a breakwater installation in the north museku harbor of spain, a U-breakwater type REWEC3 installation in the Civitavecchia harbor of italy, a rear elbow floating CORES installation in the Galway bay of irish, and a fixed Yongsoo installation in the island of korea.
The air turbine is an important part for energy secondary conversion in the OWC device, can realize unidirectional rotation in the reciprocating airflow, and converts low-pressure air kinetic energy generated by the air chamber into shaft work of the rotating shaft. The application of the air turbine in the OWC device has a certain specificity: the working medium is reciprocating air flow, and has unsteadiness and compressibility; its operating characteristics allow the possibility of a negative power output of the turbine during operation. There are two common self-rectifying air turbines: weiersi turbine and impulse turbine. The traditional Weiersi turbine has the advantages of simple structure and high peak efficiency, is suitable for European sea areas with good wave conditions, has extremely high efficiency in a small range of flow coefficient before stall, but once stall occurs, the huge reduction of torque can cause the turbine performance to be instantaneously deteriorated, and the defects of the Weiersi turbine also comprise the aspects of poor self-starting performance, narrow working range, high working noise and the like. Although the peak efficiency of the traditional impact turbine is lower than that of the Weiersi type turbine, the traditional impact turbine has good starting performance, no stall phenomenon and slow efficiency reduction in a large flow coefficient area, and is particularly suitable for Asian sea areas with poor wave conditions, but most of the traditional impact turbine is symmetrical, namely the profile of the moving blades and the positions of the guide vanes are symmetrical to the center line of the moving blades along the rotating direction, and engineering shows that the airflow amplitude of the OWC device passing through the impact turbine in the air chamber expiration stage of the Asian sea area is larger than that in the inspiration stage, so that a large amount of power is lost in the expiration stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an asymmetric air turbine which is suitable for Asian sea areas and can improve the pneumatic energy utilization cycle average efficiency of an oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device under real sea conditions.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an asymmetric air turbine suitable for an Asian sea oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device is innovative in that: the air turbine comprises a hollow hub, hub heads for sealing a hub cavity are respectively arranged on two sides of the hub, a rotor blade wheel capable of rotating around the hub is arranged on the hub, rotor blades are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the rotor blade wheel along the circumferential direction, the vertical section shape of each rotor blade is crescent, the protruding radian of one side of each crescent is larger than that of the other side, a shaft sleeve with a key groove is arranged on a wheel disc of the rotor blade wheel, one side of the shaft sleeve extends out of the hub heads and can synchronously rotate with the rotor blade wheel, the turbine shaft is connected with the hub heads on two sides through bearings, a circle of guide blades with larger blade expansion ratio are respectively arranged on two sides of the rotor blade wheel along the circumferential direction of the hub, the vertical section of each guide blade consists of a section of straight line segment and a section of circular arc segment, and the direction of the straight line segment of the guide blade leads out airflow is opposite to the airflow inflow direction of one side adjacent to the rotor blade.
Further, the hub head is hemispherical or semi-elliptical in shape.
Further, a concentric disc is arranged on one side of the rotor blade wheel, the concentric disc is fixedly connected with the hub through bolts, and a turbine shaft penetrating through the concentric disc is connected with the concentric disc through a bearing.
Further, four bolt holes are uniformly formed along the circumference of the concentric disc, and bolts penetrating through the bolt holes fixedly connect the concentric disc with the hub.
Further, the suction surface of the vertical section of the moving blade is formed by a radial R 2 、R 4 R is R 5 The pressure surface is a surface formed by circular arcs with radius R 3 Is provided with a circular arc surface, a suction surface and a pressure surface, and the radius of the circular arc surface is R 1 Is connected with the circular arc of the drawing frame, and the other side is formed by two drawn straight line sections with the radius R 6 Is connected with the circular arc of the frame.
Further, radius R 1 :R 6 =3:1。
Further, radius R 3 、R 2 、R 5 The lengths are the same and R is 4 Twice as many as (x).
Further, the device angle θ of the straight line segment connected to the pressure surface 1 Device angle θ greater than the straight line segment connected to the suction side 2
Further, the turbine shaft is connected with a power input shaft of an air turbine external generator.
Further, the air turbine is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the guide cover through the upper ring of guide vanes and the lower ring of guide vanes.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the vertical section of the moving blade of the asymmetric air turbine suitable for Asian sea area is crescent, the protruding radian of one side of the crescent is larger than that of the other side of the crescent, and the side with the larger radian is set to be the flow facing side of the exhalation stage, so that the flow facing area of the pressure surface of the moving blade at the high incident flow speed of the exhalation stage can be increased, the flow velocity separation phenomenon of air flow on the suction surface of the moving blade is delayed, the power loss generated when the air flow driven blade enters the downstream guide blade is reduced, the power utilization efficiency of the air turbine in the exhalation stage is improved, and the cycle average efficiency of the air turbine in the actual sea condition is further improved.
In the air chamber expiration stage with larger air flow peak value, compared with a symmetrical structure, the torque coefficient of the asymmetric air turbine disclosed by the invention is greatly improved, and the input coefficient is obviously reduced. Therefore, the working efficiency of the asymmetric air turbine is greatly improved in the expiration stage. Asymmetric air turbines are less sensitive to the asymmetry of the incident airflow than are symmetric air turbines. The more asymmetric the flow velocity of the air flows in the air chamber expiration and inspiration phases, the more the cycle average efficiency of the symmetrical air turbine is reduced; the asymmetric air turbine has good adaptability to the asymmetry of the air flow, and the cycle average efficiency is not affected by the cycle asymmetry of the air flow.
Compared with the Wils type turbine commonly used in European sea areas, the asymmetric air turbine disclosed by the invention has good self-starting characteristic, lower working rotation speed, wider flow coefficient range and lower working noise, and is suitable for being used in the Asian sea areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an asymmetric air turbine disclosed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an asymmetric air turbine disclosed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an asymmetric air turbine disclosed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an asymmetric air turbine disclosed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an asymmetric air turbine moving blade wheel according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an asymmetric air turbine concentric disc as disclosed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a vertical sectional shape of a moving blade of an asymmetric air turbine and guide vanes on both sides thereof according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of airflow rate versus time for an OWC device plenum in Asian sea area.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1-4, the embodiment discloses an asymmetric air turbine suitable for an Asian sea oscillating water column type wave energy generating device, the air turbine comprises a hollow hub 5, hub heads 1 for sealing a hub cavity are respectively arranged at two sides of the hub, a rotor blade wheel 11 capable of rotating around the hub is arranged on the hub, rotor blades 3 are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the rotor blade wheel along the circumferential direction, the vertical section of the rotor blade is crescent-shaped, the protruding radian of one side of the crescent-shaped is larger than that of the other side of the rotor blade, a shaft sleeve 12 with a key groove is arranged on a wheel disc of the rotor blade wheel, a turbine shaft 8 with one side extending out of the hub heads and capable of synchronously rotating with the rotor blade wheel is arranged on the shaft sleeve, the turbine shaft is connected with the hub heads at two sides through bearings 7, a circle of guide blades 2 with a blade expansion ratio is respectively arranged at two sides of the rotor blade wheel along the circumferential direction of the hub, the vertical section of the guide blades consists of a straight line section and a circular arc section, and the direction of the straight line section of the guide blades is opposite to the direction of the air flow flowing into the rotor blade adjacent to the rotor blade.
Alternatively, in this embodiment, the hub head is hemispherical or semi-elliptical in shape. As shown in fig. 6, a concentric disk 9 is provided on one side of the rotor blade wheel, and is fixedly connected to the hub by bolts 10, and the turbine shaft passing through the concentric disk is connected to the concentric disk by bearings 7. Four bolt holes 13 are uniformly formed along the circumference of the concentric disc, and bolts passing through the bolt holes fixedly connect the concentric disc with the hub. The concentric discs can play a certain supporting role on the turbine shaft, and further ensure the coaxiality of rotation.
As shown in FIG. 7, the suction surface of the vertical section of the moving blade is formed by a radius R 2 、R 4 R is R 5 The pressure surface is a surface formed by circular arcs with radius R 3 Is provided with a circular arc surface, a suction surface and a pressure surface, and the radius of the circular arc surface is R 1 Is connected with the circular arc of the drawing frame, and the other side is formed by two drawn straight line sections with the radius R 6 Is connected with the circular arc of the frame. Radius R 1 :R 6 =3: 1. half-partDiameter R 3 、R 2 、R 5 The lengths are the same and R is 4 Twice as many as (x). Device angle θ of straight line segment connected to pressure surface 1 Device angle θ greater than the straight line segment connected to the suction side 2
In the use process, the turbine shaft of the air turbine disclosed in embodiment 1 needs to be connected with the power input shaft of the generator outside the air turbine, and the moving blade wheel rotates under the action of air flow to drive the turbine shaft to rotate, so that the generator is driven to generate electricity.
The air turbine is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the guide cover through the upper ring guide vane and the lower ring guide vane, and as the leaf span of the guide vane is larger than that of the moving vane, a certain gap exists between the tail end of the moving vane and the guide cover, so that the moving vane wheel can freely rotate in the guide cover.
One end of a guide cover with the asymmetric air turbine disclosed in the embodiment 1 is communicated with an air chamber outlet of the oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device, and the other end of the guide cover is communicated with the atmosphere. During a cycle of the wave, the process of exhausting the air flow from the chamber outlet through the air turbine is referred to as the exhalation phase, and the phase of exhausting the air flow from the atmosphere through the air turbine into the chamber outlet is referred to as the inhalation phase. Fig. 8 is a graph of the airflow rate time course generated by the chamber of the OWC device in the sea area of asia, showing that the airflow rate is asymmetric in one period, and the airflow rate generated in the expiration period is about 1.5 times of the inspiration period. Therefore, the side of the air turbine moving blade with the large radian is arranged opposite to the outlet of the air chamber so as to improve the power utilization efficiency in the expiration stage, and the side with the small radian is arranged opposite to the atmosphere. The guide vane that is the leading flow, whether in the expiration or inspiration phase, is called the upstream guide vane, and the guide vane that is the trailing flow is called the downstream guide vane.
During the exhalation phase, the air flow is at a flow rate V E Enters the moving blade through the guidance of the upstream guide vane, forms standing points and detouring phenomena on the upstream side of the suction surface of the moving blade, and part of air flow flows along the suction surface in an accelerating way and part of air flow detours around the radius R 1 The circular arc section of the flow path (C) enters the pressure surface, and a small-range flow velocity separation and vortex are formed on the flow facing side of the pressure surface. The tail part of the moving blade is streamline, thus the moving blade consists ofThe accelerated airflow on the upstream side of the suction surface does not have a flow velocity separation phenomenon at the tail part of the moving blade, so that the power loss of the airflow is reduced to a certain extent. On the other hand, the pressure difference between the pressure surface and the suction surface of the rotor blade generates a moment that urges the rotor blade wheel to rotate at a rotational speed ω in the direction of the arrow in fig. 7.
During the inspiration phase, the flow is at a flow rate V I After entering the moving blades, the moment generated by the pressure difference between the pressure surface and the suction surface of the moving blades still rotates the moving blade wheels along the arrow direction in fig. 7, so the asymmetric air turbine disclosed in embodiment 1 can keep the consistency of the rotating direction of the moving blade wheels in the reciprocating airflow generated by the OWC air chamber, continuously convert the low-pressure kinetic energy of the reciprocating airflow into the axial work of the turbine shaft, and further drive the generator to continuously generate electricity.

Claims (6)

1. An asymmetric air turbine of an oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device is characterized in that: the air turbine comprises a hollow hub, hub heads for sealing a hub cavity are respectively arranged at two sides of the hub, a rotor blade wheel capable of rotating around the hub is arranged on the hub, rotor blades are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the rotor blade wheel along the circumferential direction, the vertical section of each rotor blade is crescent, the protruding radian of one side of each crescent is larger than that of the other side, a shaft sleeve with a key groove is arranged on a wheel disc of the rotor blade wheel, one side of each shaft sleeve extends out of the hub head and can synchronously rotate with the rotor blade wheel, the turbine shaft is connected with the hub heads at two sides through bearings, a circle of guide blades with larger blade expansion ratio are respectively arranged at two sides of the rotor blade wheel along the circumferential direction of the hub, the vertical section of each guide blade consists of a straight line section and a circular arc section, and the direction of the straight line section of each guide blade leads out airflow is opposite to the airflow inflow direction of one side adjacent to the rotor blade; a concentric disc is arranged on one side of the moving blade wheel, the concentric disc is fixedly connected with the hub through bolts, and a turbine shaft penetrating through the concentric disc is connected with the concentric disc through a bearing; the suction surface of the vertical section of the moving blade is formed by a radial partR 2 R 4 AndR 5 The pressure surface is a surface formed by circular arcs with radius ofR 3 Is provided with a circular arc surface, a suction surface and a pressure surface, and the radius of the circular arc surface is as followsR 1 Is connected with the circular arc of the drawing frame, and the other side is formed by two drawn straight line sections with the passing radius ofR 6 Is connected with the arc of the ring; radius of radiusR 1 R 6 =3: 1 radius ofR 3 、R 2 R 5 The lengths are the same, isR 4 Twice as many as (x).
2. An asymmetric air turbine for an oscillating water column wave energy power plant as defined in claim 1, wherein: the hub head is hemispherical or semi-elliptical in shape.
3. An asymmetric air turbine for an oscillating water column wave energy power plant as defined in claim 1, wherein: four bolt holes are uniformly formed along the circumference of the concentric disc, and bolts penetrating through the bolt holes fixedly connect the concentric disc with the hub.
4. An asymmetric air turbine for an oscillating water column wave energy power plant as defined in claim 1, wherein: device angle of straight line section connected with pressure surfaceq 1 Device angle greater than straight line segment connected with suction surfaceq 2
5. An asymmetric air turbine for an oscillating water column wave energy power plant as defined in claim 1, wherein: the turbine shaft is connected with a power input shaft of an air turbine external generator.
6. An asymmetric air turbine for an oscillating water column wave energy power plant as defined in claim 1, wherein: the air turbine is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the guide cover through the upper ring of guide vanes and the lower ring of guide vanes.
CN201710895256.7A 2017-09-28 2017-09-28 Asymmetric air turbine suitable for Asian sea area oscillation water column type wave energy power generation device Active CN107514290B (en)

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WO2021129661A1 (en) * 2019-12-23 2021-07-01 杭州巨浪能源科技有限公司 Air turbine and power generation device
WO2021129657A1 (en) * 2019-12-23 2021-07-01 杭州巨浪能源科技有限公司 Air turbine and power generation device
CN114396314B (en) * 2021-12-27 2024-07-09 哈尔滨工程大学 Supersonic axial flow composite bladeless turbine
CN114876713B (en) * 2022-03-03 2023-04-07 清华大学 Pneumatic wave power generation device and double-body pneumatic wave power generation ship
CN117052588B (en) * 2023-10-11 2024-01-30 集美大学 Oscillating water column type wave energy power generation equipment
CN117927409B (en) * 2024-03-25 2024-06-25 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Composite point absorption type wave energy power generation device

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