CN107512917A - 一种耐火纤维板 - Google Patents

一种耐火纤维板 Download PDF

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CN107512917A
CN107512917A CN201710737650.8A CN201710737650A CN107512917A CN 107512917 A CN107512917 A CN 107512917A CN 201710737650 A CN201710737650 A CN 201710737650A CN 107512917 A CN107512917 A CN 107512917A
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flame
fibre board
retardant fibre
parts
board according
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胡宏平
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Zhejiang Keyi Fireproof Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种耐火纤维板，所述耐火纤维板由以下重量份的原料制成：多晶莫来石纤维120～135份，10～15份的g‑C3N4，钼酚醛树脂20～40份，消音剂0.69～1.275份和无铬腐蚀抑制剂2～6份。本发明的耐火纤维板原料成本低，不含磷、铬等污染物，安全性能高，更为绿色环保；具有优异的消音性能和抗腐蚀性能；功能强大，增加企业经济效益，易于推广和产业化。

Description

一种耐火纤维板
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火绝热材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种抗腐蚀性强、消音效果好的耐火纤维板。
背景技术
耐火纤维是一种集传统绝热材料、耐火材料优良性能于一体的纤维状轻质耐火材料。其产品涉及各领域，广泛应用于各工业部门，是提高工业窑炉、加热装置等热设备热工性能,实现结构轻型化和节能的基础材料。耐火纤维板包含陶瓷纤维板及多晶莫来石纤维板，亦可称作耐火纤维硬质板或耐火纤维硬制品。它也可制作异型件，如耐火纤维隔热瓦、圆筒等，这些产品也是根据特殊用途而开发研制的。目前，耐火纤维板的研究主要集中在对其抗菌、耐热性能领域的研究，但是基于纤维特性容易断裂、强度低，耐腐蚀性能不够等，导致其存在着隔音效果差，使用寿命短，用户体验差，企业的成本高的问题。
中国专利文献上公开了“耐火纤维板的制作方法”，其公告号为CN 104944977A，该发明采用硅酸铝纤维为主要原料，硅铝溶胶和正硅酸乙酯作结合剂，制得热稳定性和化学稳定性好的耐火纤维板。但是，该发明并未就耐火纤维板的耐腐蚀性能和吸音性能作研究。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有耐火纤维板隔音效果差、易腐蚀的问题，提供了一种抗腐蚀性强、吸音效果好的耐火纤维板。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种耐火纤维板，所述耐火纤维板由以下重量份的原料制成：多晶莫来石纤维120～135份，10～15份的g-C3N4，钼酚醛树脂20～40份，消音剂0.69～1.275份和无铬腐蚀抑制剂2～6份。
多晶莫来石纤维是多晶氧化铝纤维的一种，纤维中Al2O3含量在72％～75％之间，一般Al2O3含量超过80％，由高熔点金属氧化物微晶体组构成的纤维，即称之为多晶氧化铝纤维。本发明所用g-C3N4为聚合物半导体石墨相氮化碳，廉价、稳定、不含金属组分，具有优异的化学稳定性和独特的电子能带结构，具有一定的光催化能力，应用于耐火纤维板中可以光催化其他配方组分，发生协同配合增效的作用，使得耐火纤维板具有较强的耐磨损性能。钼酚醛树脂作为结合剂具有耐烧蚀、冲刷、强度好的有点，使用其制备的耐火纤维板粘结性高。
作为优选，所述无铬腐蚀抑制剂由以下重量份的原料制成：远红外陶瓷粉体1～2份，镍基合金0.3～1.5份，纳米氧化铈0.05～2份，钛合金0.2～0.5份和氨基硅烷0.05～1份。
镍基合金为耐蚀合金，本发明加入适量的镍基合金，优选镍钼合金和镍铜合金，其在650～1000℃高温下有较高的强度与一定的抗氧化腐蚀，能够增强无铬腐蚀抑制剂的稳定性和抗腐蚀性，从而增强本发明耐火纤维板的抗腐蚀性。纳米氧化铈是一种廉价的稀土氧化物，基于其特殊的原子结构和活性，将其作为添加剂应用于耐火纤维板的无铬腐蚀抑制剂的配方体系中，只需少量即可消除杂质和改善材料的组成，从而改进耐火纤维板的抗氧化、热腐蚀、水腐蚀和硫化性，增强机械、物理强度，提高其热震稳定性和耐腐蚀性。
本发明配方体系中的无铬腐蚀抑制剂使用远红外发射材料结合合金、稀土和有机物为原料，可以使该腐蚀抑制剂具有防止化学侵蚀的效果，其中钛合金具有强度高、耐蚀性好、耐热性高等特性，对点蚀、酸蚀、应力腐蚀的抵抗力特别强；对碱、氯化物、氯的有机物品、硝酸、硫酸等有优良的抗腐蚀能力，将其应用于腐蚀抑制剂一方面可以增强抗腐蚀性，另一方面钛可以作为催化剂促使侵蚀物分解，形成无害的微晶粒与耐火纤维板结合，增强耐火纤维板的热震稳定性。具体协同缓蚀基本原理如下：物体中的电子震动或激发，就会向外放出辐射能，一切物体只要在开氏零度以上都会有红外线向外辐射。随着辐射体材质分子结构和温度等诸多条件的不同，其辐射波长也各不相同。在辐射波段中，当分子中的原子或原子团从高能量的振动状态转变为低能量的振动状态时，会产生2.5～25μm的远红外辐射，当酸性的腐蚀液流经腐蚀抑制剂后，在其表面自由能的作用下，腐蚀液的表面张力可从72×10-3N·m-1降低到60×10-3N·m-1。同时经过表面自由能的激活震荡，不但能活化酸性的腐蚀液，使其不容易缔合，造成腐蚀，而且还能活化其它具有腐蚀性能的液体。
作为优选，所述远红外陶瓷粉体由以下重量份的组分组成：白炭黑0.2～0.5份，金属氧化物0.6～0.7份和氯化银0.2～0.8份。
作为优选，所述金属氧化物选自MnO2，Al2O3，MgO和ZnO中的一种或几种。
作为优选，所述氨基硅烷选自3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷，2-氨乙基-3氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和三苯基氨基硅烷中的一种或几种。
选用氨基硅烷作为增粘剂，所选氨基硅烷的氨基上带有两个活泼氢可以和各种聚合物发生反应，从而通过化学键将两种性质完全不同的材料紧密的结合起来，使得无铬腐蚀抑制剂粘结度高，实用性强，使得本发明的耐火纤维板的硬度较高、相容性增强。
作为优选，所述消音剂由以下重量份的原料制成：聚硅氧烷0.1～0.2份，高密度聚乙烯0.3～0.4份，聚氨酯0.1～0.2份，生物质活性碳纤维0.03～0.09份，硅微粉0.15～0.35份，石墨烯0.005～0.015份和空心微珠0.005～0.02份。
本发明所用消音剂的配方体系中加入石墨烯，石墨烯作为目前发现的最薄、强度最大、导电导热性能最强的一种新型纳米材料，具有优异的抗拉强度和大的比表面积，将其加入到体系中，可以作为消音剂的稳定剂，其原理为：石墨烯内部的碳原子之间的连接很柔韧，当施加外力于石墨烯时，碳原子面会弯曲变形，使得碳原子不必重新排列来适应外力，从而保持结构稳定。这种稳定的晶格结构使石墨烯具有优秀的导热性。其网状结构在收到声波振动时，可以起到缓冲的作用，能够增强消音剂的吸音性能。本发明所用空心微珠外观为灰白色，是一种松散、流动性好的粉体材料，具有隔音性、阻燃性、电绝缘性好，密度小，吸油率低等优点，并且强度高。其性能稳定，耐候性好，并且价格低廉，能够降低耐火材料用消音剂的成本，实现大规模应用。
作为优选，所述石墨烯的层数小于10层，比表面积大于500m2/g。
将石墨烯的层数和比表面积优化控制，有利于其与配方体系中其他组分协同配合，形成更为均一、高分散性的三维网络结构，能够增强消音剂的吸音性能，从而使制得的耐火纤维板具有优异的消音性能。
作为优选，所述硅微粉的粒径小于0.088mm，可以充分分散在配方体系中。
因此，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)原料成本低，不含磷、铬等污染物，安全性能高，更为绿色环保；
(2)具有优异的消音性能和抗腐蚀性能；
(3)功能强大，增加企业经济效益，易于推广和产业化。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
在本发明中，若非特指，所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的，下述实施例中的方法，如无特别说明，均为本领域常规方法。
实施例1
一种耐火纤维板，由以下重量配比的原料制成：多晶莫来石纤维120g，10g的g-C3N4，钼酚醛树脂20g，消音剂0.69g和无铬腐蚀抑制剂2g，其中：
无铬腐蚀抑制剂：远红外陶瓷粉体1g(白炭黑0.2g，0.3g的MnO2，0.3g的Al2O3，氯化银0.2g)，镍铜合金0.7g，纳米氧化铈(平均粒径20nm)0.05g，钛合金0.2g和2-氨乙基-3氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.05g；
消音剂：聚硅氧烷0.1g，高密度聚乙烯0.3g，聚氨酯0.1g，生物质活性碳纤维0.03g，硅微粉(粒径＜0.088mm)0.15g，石墨烯(8层，550m2/g)0.005g，空心微珠0.005g。
实施例2
一种耐火纤维板，由以下重量配比的原料制成：多晶莫来石纤维135g，15g的g-C3N4，钼酚醛树脂40g，消音剂1.275g和无铬腐蚀抑制剂6g，其中：
无铬腐蚀抑制剂：远红外陶瓷粉体2g(白炭黑0.5g，0.3g的MgO，0.4g的ZnO，氯化银0.8g)，镍钼合金0.8g，镍铜合金0.7g，纳米氧化铈(平均粒径40nm)1g，钛合金0.5g，2-氨乙基-3氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.3g和三苯基氨基硅烷0.7g；
消音剂：聚硅氧烷0.2g，高密度聚乙烯0.4g，聚氨酯0.2g，生物质活性碳纤维0.09g，硅微粉(粒径＜0.088mm)0.35g，石墨烯(5层，600m2/g)0.015g，空心微珠0.02g。
实施例3
一种耐火纤维板，由以下重量配比的原料制成：多晶莫来石纤维125g，12g的g-C3N4，钼酚醛树脂30g，消音剂0.98g和无铬腐蚀抑制剂5g，其中：
无铬腐蚀抑制剂：远红外陶瓷粉体1.5g(白炭黑0.35g，0.65g的MgO，氯化银0.5g)，镍钼合金0.3g，纳米氧化铈(平均粒径30nm)2g，钛合金0.4g，3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.3g和三苯基氨基硅烷0.5g；
消音剂：高密度聚乙烯0.35g，聚氨酯0.15g，生物质活性碳纤维0.06g，硅微粉(粒径＜0.088mm)0.25g，石墨烯(7层，650m2/g)0.01g，空心微珠0.01g。
对比例
对比例采用市售多晶莫来石纤维板。
对实施例1-3的耐火纤维板和对比例的市售多晶莫来石纤维板的各项性能指标进行测试，结果如表1所示：
表1.检测结果
性能指标 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例
耐热温度，℃ 1900 1850 1750 1500
缓蚀率，％ 91.5 98.6 95.4 75
吸声系数 0.91 0.95 0.98 0.5
由以上结果可以看出，本发明耐火纤维板相对于对比例的市售多晶莫来石纤维板具有较高的吸声系数，吸音性好，具有耐高温性，其缓蚀率达到90％以上，抗腐蚀性能佳。
本发明的耐火纤维板原料成本低，不含磷、铬等污染物，安全性能高，更为绿色环保；具有优异的消音性能和抗腐蚀性能；功能强大，增加企业经济效益，易于推广和产业化。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。

Claims (8)

1.一种耐火纤维板，其特征在于，所述耐火纤维板由以下重量份的原料制成：多晶莫来石纤维120～135份，10～15份的g-C3N4，钼酚醛树脂20～40份，消音剂0.69～1.275份和无铬腐蚀抑制剂2～6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火纤维板，其特征在于，所述无铬腐蚀抑制剂由以下重量份的原料制成：远红外陶瓷粉体1～2份，镍基合金0.3～1.5份，纳米氧化铈0.05～2份，钛合金0.2～0.5份和氨基硅烷0.05～1份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种耐火纤维板，其特征在于，所述远红外陶瓷粉体由以下重量份的组分组成：白炭黑0.2～0.5份，金属氧化物0.6～0.7份和氯化银0.2～0.8份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种耐火纤维板，其特征在于，所述金属氧化物选自MnO2，Al2O3，MgO和ZnO中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2或3或4所述的一种耐火纤维板，其特征在于，所述氨基硅烷选自3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷，2-氨乙基-3氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和三苯基氨基硅烷中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐火纤维板，其特征在于，所述消音剂由以下重量份的原料制成：聚硅氧烷0.1～0.2份，高密度聚乙烯0.3～0.4份，聚氨酯0.1～0.2份，生物质活性碳纤维0.03～0.09份，硅微粉0.15～0.35份，石墨烯0.005～0.015份和空心微珠0.005～0.02份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐火纤维板，其特征在于，所述石墨烯的层数小于10层，比表面积大于500m2/g。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐火纤维板，其特征在于，所述硅微粉的粒径小于0.088mm。
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