CN107496466A - 桑黄活性部位及其制备方法和应用、含其的皮肤外用剂 - Google Patents
桑黄活性部位及其制备方法和应用、含其的皮肤外用剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107496466A CN107496466A CN201610412028.5A CN201610412028A CN107496466A CN 107496466 A CN107496466 A CN 107496466A CN 201610412028 A CN201610412028 A CN 201610412028A CN 107496466 A CN107496466 A CN 107496466A
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- phellinus
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Abstract
本发明公开了桑黄活性部位及其制备方法和应用,含其的皮肤外用剂。所述桑黄活性部位具有显著地清除自由基、促进人成纤维细胞增殖和I型胶原合成的作用,可用于化妆品、保健食品和医药领域,尤其是可应用于化妆品中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化妆品技术领域,具体的说是涉及一种桑黄活性部位及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
1956年Harman提出了自由基衰老学说[Harman, D. Aging: A theory based onfree radical and radiation chemistry. J. Gerontol. 1956, 11:289-300.],认为过多的自由基是造成生物老化的重要原因。根据这一理论,体内过量的活性氧自由基与不饱和脂肪酸作用产生丙二醛等物质,丙二醛将与细胞膜上的蛋白质等作用生产褐色素,沉淀于皮肤便成为各种色斑。过量的自由基还能使皮肤内的胶原纤维、弹性纤维发生交联和变性、变脆、失去弹性,当皮肤水分不足时,容易使弹性纤维断裂,出现暗纹、细纹、皱纹等皮肤老化现象。此外,环境中的离子辐射以及诸如空气污染与化学物质等的环境污染物,也会使生物体内不断的产生自由基。例如环境中的紫外线会使皮肤真皮中的纤维母细胞及线粒体受到刺激,进而释放出超氧阴离子,而过量的超氧阴离子则会转换成其它破坏性更强的自由基。虽然人体内具有能够维持氧化与抗氧化之间平衡状态的抗氧化防御系统,用以减缓活性氧及自由基的产生,但若是长期过度的曝晒在阳光下,则人体内大量产生的自由基会导致皮肤的抗氧化防御能力降低,造成皮肤的伤害,例如光老化、表皮皱纹、皮肤免疫力失调等。抗氧化剂是具有捕捉自由基能力的物质,可以清除皮肤中的活性自由基,减轻自由基引起的皮肤氧化应激损伤,从而改善由氧化应激等造成的皮肤老化。目前已知有维生素E、维生素C等生物体内的清除自由基型抗氧化剂,另外也报道了植物来源的抗氧化剂如莲花、梅果提取物等。
皮肤衰老主要为自然衰老和光老化两种形式,所谓自然衰老(intrinsicaging)系主要由遗传因素引起,明显特征为皱纹的出现和皮肤的松弛。而光老化(photoaging)则指皮肤衰老过程紫外线损害的积累,是自然老化和紫外 线辐射共同作用的结果,表现为皮肤暴露部位粗燥、皱纹加深加粗、不规则性色素沉着、血管扩张、表皮角化不良、真皮弹力纤维变性及降解产物蓄积等。皮肤松弛、干燥粗糙、弹性下降、皱纹增多等老化现象都与成纤维细胞数减少以及分泌合成功能下降或异常有关。人皮肤成纤维细胞是皮肤真皮网织层中最重要的细胞,是皮肤衰老和细胞受损后的主要修复细胞之一。它不但能够促进表皮细胞的迁移、增殖和分化,还能分泌大量的胶原蛋白、弹性纤维蛋白及多种细胞修复因子,具有强大的自我更新能力修复老化的皮肤。
桑黄是一种珍贵的药用真菌,有“森林黄金”之美称。因该菌在我国中南地区通常生长在桑属植物上,子实体颜色鲜黄而得名。桑黄作为传统中药在中国已经有2000年历史,在历代本草著作中,桑黄又名桑臣、桑耳、桑黄菇等。《神农本草经》将桑黄描述为“久服轻身不老延年”,功效显著。桑黄的种名目前还没有统一的标准,有多个经常使用的拉丁学名,包括Phellinus linteus (裂蹄木层孔菌),Phellinus baumii(鲍姆纤孔菌),Phellinus igniarius(火木层孔菌),以及Inonotus sanghuang (桑黄纤孔菌),等等.
桑黄一般会寄生于桑树、杨树、白桦、桃树、柳树等阔叶树的树干上,因其着生树种不同,品种也不相同。我国主要分布于东北、西南、西北各省等地。现代研究发现桑黄含有多糖、落叶松蕈酸、脂肪酸、甾醇类物质、三萜类、芳香酸、氨基酸、酶和黄酮等多种活性成分。实验表明桑黄具有抗癌、抗纤维化、抗脂质过氧化、增强免疫力、抗血管生成、降血糖、抗肺炎、预防和治疗关节炎等功能。但是目前对桑黄在化妆品中的研究报道较少。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中化妆品抗衰老和抗氧化活性差、安全性低等缺陷而提供了桑黄活性部位、制备方法、应用以及含其的皮肤外用剂。本发明的桑黄活性部位自由基清除率高、促进人成纤维细胞增殖和I型胶原合成的作用显著、抗氧化和老化效果明显,并且天然、安全,可用作皮肤外用剂的抗氧化和抗衰老活性成分。本发明的皮肤外用剂成分天然、安全,并具有抗氧化和老化的功效,具有良好的市场应用前景。
本发明提供了一种桑黄活性部位的制备方法,其采用方法1或方法2进行:
所述的方法1包括如下步骤:将桑黄子粉末加水浸没,沸水提取1-2小时,提取2-3次,每次提取后固液分离得滤液,合并滤液并浓缩至最小体积,冷冻干燥,即得桑黄活性部位;其中,所述的桑黄子粉末与水的质量体积比为(1:5)g/mL~(1:20)g/mL;
所述的方法2包括如下步骤:将桑黄子粉末加水浸没,沸水提取1-2小时,提取2-4次,每次提取后固液分离得滤液,合并滤液并浓缩至最小体积,加入浓缩液3-4倍体积的体积浓度为90-95%的乙醇水溶液,2-5℃下静置8-12小时,收集上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,上样到大孔树脂柱,依次以水、溶剂I洗脱,收集溶剂I的洗脱部位,回收溶剂,即得桑黄活性部位;其中,所述的桑黄子粉末与水的质量体积比为(1:5)g/mL~(1:20)g/mL,所述的溶剂I为体积浓度为70%以上的乙醇。
方法1中,所述的桑黄子粉末的粒度较佳地为20目~60目。
方法1中,所述的桑黄子粉末与水的质量体积比较佳地为(1:10)g/mL。
方法1中,所述的提取的次数较佳地为3次。
方法1中,所述的固液分离的方法为本领域中该类操作的常规方法,较佳地为过滤、压滤或离心。
方法2中,所述的桑黄子粉末的粒度较佳地为20目~60目。
方法2中,所述的桑黄子粉末与水的质量体积比较佳地为(1:10)g/mL。
方法2中,所述的提取的次数较佳地为3次。
方法2中,所述的固液分离的方法为本领域中该类操作的常规方法,较佳地为过滤、压滤或离心。
方法2中,所述的大孔树脂填充柱为本领域常规的大孔树脂填充柱,较佳地为D101、AB-8或ADS-8树脂填充柱,更佳地为AB-8树脂填充柱。
方法2中,所述的溶剂Ⅰ为体积浓度为70%的乙醇。
本发明还提供了所述的制备方法制得的桑黄活性部位,所述的桑黄活性部位包括方法1制得的桑黄活性部位、方法2制得的桑黄活性部位中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了所述的桑黄活性部位在制备皮肤外用剂中的应用。
所述的桑黄活性部位在制备皮肤外用剂时作为抗老化活性成分和抗氧化活性成分中的一种或多种。
本发明中,所述的皮肤外用剂包括本领域常规的具备疾病治疗用途的药物,或者不具备疾病治疗用途的化妆品。
本发明还提供了一种包括所述的桑黄活性部位的皮肤外用剂。
所述皮肤外用剂是通常用于皮肤外部的所有成分的统称概念,例如可以是化妆料组合物或药学组合物。所述化妆料组合物中可以是基础化妆料、面部妆容化妆料、身体用化妆料、头发护理用化妆料等,对其剂型无特殊限制,根据不同目的可合理选择。
所述化妆料组合物中根据剂型和目的的不同还含有不同的化妆品学层面允许的介质或基质赋形剂。
可以用于本发明皮肤外用剂的化妆品、皮肤病学或药学上可接受的赋形剂为水相、油相、凝胶、水包蜡型乳液、水包油型乳液或油包水型乳液的形式。水相为一种或多种水溶性或分散性组分的混合物,其在室温(25℃)下可以为液体、半固体或固体。赋形剂包括或可以为在水或水-醇赋形剂中的混悬液、分散液或溶液的形式,其可以含有增稠剂或凝胶剂。本领域技术人员可以基于本领域技术人员掌握的知识选择合适的产品形式,其中包含的组分。
所述的组合物可以包括水相,该水相可以含有水或水与至少一种亲水性有机溶剂的混合物,所述的亲水性有机溶剂诸如醇,尤其是含有2-5个碳原子的直链或支链低级一元醇,如乙醇或丙醇;多元醇,如丙二醇、山梨醇、甘油、泛醇或聚乙二醇及其混合物。
当发明的组合物为乳液形式时,该组合物还可以任选包含表面活性剂。
所述的组合物还可以包含成膜聚合物,如聚氨基甲酸酯、聚丙烯酸均聚物或共聚物、聚酯、基于烃的树脂和/或硅氧烷树脂。可以将聚合物溶于或分散于化妆品可接受的赋形剂中并且任选与增塑剂合并。
本发明的组合物还可以包含油相,所述的油相含有在室温(25℃)下为液体的油溶性或油分散性组分和/或在室温下为油状或蜡状的物质,如蜡、半固体、树胶及其混合物。该油相还可以含有有机溶剂。
通常在室温下为液体,合适的油性物质包括:来源于动物的基于烃的油,如全氢化角鲨烯;基于烃的植物油,如液体的C4-10脂肪酸的甘油三酯类,例如庚酸或辛酸甘油三酯类,或油,例如向日葵油、玉米油、大豆油、葡萄籽油、蓖麻油、鳄梨油、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯类、霍霍巴油;矿物或合成来源的直链或支链烃类,例如液体石蜡及其衍生物、凡士林;合成酯类和醚类,特别是脂肪醇的酯类,例如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸2-乙基己酯、硬脂酸2-辛基十二烷基酯、异硬脂酸异硬脂醇酯;羟基化酯类,例如乳酸异硬脂醇酯、羟基硬脂酸辛酯、羟基硬脂酸辛酯、羟基硬脂酸辛基十二烷基酯、脂肪醇的庚酸酯类、辛酸酯类和癸酸脂类;多元醇酯类,例如丙二醇二辛酸酯、新戊二醇二庚酸酯、二甘醇二异壬酸酯和季戊四醇酯类;含有C12-26的脂肪醇类,例如辛基十二烷醇、2-丁基辛醇、2-己基癸醇、2-十一烷基十五烷醇、油醇;基于部分烃的氟油和/或氟硅油,硅油,在室温下为液体或半固体的挥发性或非挥发性的直链或环状聚甲基硅氧烷,例如环状聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚二甲基硅氧烷,其任选包含苯基,例如苯基三甲基硅氧烷、硅氧烷及其混合物。
本发明的组合物可以进一步包含常用于化妆品领域中的任何组分。这些组分包括防腐剂、水相增稠剂(提取物生物聚合物、合成聚合物)和脂肪相增稠剂、芳香剂、亲水性和亲脂性活性剂及其混合物。
本发明的组合物还可以包含另外的颗粒相,所述的颗粒相可以为化妆品组合物中使用的颜料和/或珠光剂和/或填充剂。
颜料可以存在于组合物中,合适的无机颜料包括氧化钛、氧化锆和氧化铈以及氧化锌、氧化铁和铁蓝;合适的有机颜料包括钡、锶、钙和铝色淀和碳黑。
珠光剂可以存在于组合物中,合适的珠光剂包括涂覆了氧化钛、氧化铁或天然颜料的云母。
填充剂可以存在于组合物中,合适的填充剂包括滑石粉、二氧化硅、硬脂酸锌、云母、高岭土、尼龙粉末、聚乙烯粉末、特氟龙、淀粉、一氮化硼、共聚物微球,例如硅氧烷树脂微珠。
本发明组合物的油相可以包含一种或多种蜡、树胶或其混合物。蜡包括基于烃的蜡、氟蜡和/或硅氧烷蜡,并且可以来源于植物、矿物、动物和/或合成来源。合适的蜡包括蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡、石蜡、微晶蜡、地蜡;合成蜡包括聚乙烯蜡、含有C16-45的硅氧烷蜡。树胶一般为聚二甲基硅氧烷或羧甲基纤维素钠或提取物类,并且半固体物质一般为基于烃的化合物,如羊毛脂及其衍生物。
可以将本发明的组合物配制成任何合适的产品形式。这类产品形式包括,但不限于气溶胶型喷雾剂、霜剂、乳液、固体、液体、分散体、泡沫、凝胶、化妆水、摩丝、软膏、粉剂、贴剂、润发油、溶液、手按泵型喷雾剂、棒状物、面膜和湿纸巾。可以将本发明的组合物通过本领域众所周知的各种方法便利地用于制备或作为化妆品、皮肤病学或药物局部施用产品。
本发明的皮肤外用剂组合物可以包括一种或多种下列成分:抗过敏剂、抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、螯合剂、着色剂去色素剂、润肤剂、乳化剂、表皮脱落剂、成膜剂、香料、保湿剂、昆虫驱避剂、润滑剂、药物活性剂、增湿剂、耐光剂、防腐剂、护肤剂、皮肤渗透增强剂、防晒剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、粘度调节剂、维生素或其任意组合。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1 桑黄活性部位的制备
方法:
100g桑黄子粉末(桑黄子粉末的粒度为20目),用1000ml的水浸没,煮沸提取,提取时间为1 h,提取3次,每次提取、离心得到的清液合并浓缩至小体积,冷冻干燥,得桑黄活性部位I 9.89g;
方法:
100g桑黄子粉末(桑黄子粉末的粒度为60目),用1000ml的水浸没,煮沸提取,提取时间为1 h,提取3次,每次提取、离心得到的清液合并浓缩至小体积100ml,加入300ml体积浓度为95%的乙醇,4 ℃静置10小时。离心,收集上清,回收乙醇至无醇味,过AB-8树脂, 依次以水,体积浓度为70%的乙醇洗脱,收集体积浓度为70%的乙醇的洗脱部分,回收乙醇至无醇味,冷冻干燥,得桑黄活性部位II 3.13g。
实施例2 桑黄活性部位活性成分的理化测试
总糖含量测定
标准品葡萄糖和待测样品用水溶解。取葡萄糖标准液或者待测样品溶液0.2 mL,加5 %苯酚0.4 mL,振荡后加浓硫酸2.0 mL,振荡,在室温放置30 min,以空白管为对照测定490nm处的OD值。由标准液各浓度OD490对葡萄糖含量作标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算样品中总糖含量。
酸性多糖含量测定
标准品葡萄糖醛酸和待测样品用水溶解。取葡萄糖醛酸标准液或者待测样品溶液0.4mL,冰浴,加入试剂2.4 mL A(0.0125 mol/L四硼酸钠硫酸溶液),摇匀,100度水浴5 min,然后在冰水中冷却,加入40uL试剂B(0.15%间苯基苯酚和0.5%NaOH混合溶液),混合均匀,室温放置15 min,测定520 nm的OD值。由标准液各管OD520对葡萄糖醛酸含量作标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算样品中酸性多糖含量。
多酚含量测定
标准品没食子酸和待测样品用水溶解。取0.1 mL没食子酸标准液和待测样品溶液,加入0.5 mL 10% Folin-Ciocalteu试剂, 混合,室温放置5min后加入0.4 mL 7.5%NaCO3溶液,混合后室温放置60 min,测定765nm 的OD值。由标准液各管OD520对没食子含量作标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算样品中多酚含量,结果如表1。
表1 桑黄活性部位活性成分的含量测定
总糖含量(%) | 酸性多糖含量(%) | 多酚含量(%) | |
桑黄活性部位I | 46.2 | 16.4 | 15.6 |
桑黄活性部位II | 32.5 | 14.6 | 39.8 |
实施例3 桑黄活性部位的自由基清除作用研究
1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)是一种稳定的氮中心有机自由基。DPPH法于1958年被提出,广泛用于地量测定生物试样、分类物质和食品的抗衰老能力。此法是根据DPPH自由基有单电子,在517nm处有一强吸收,其醇溶液呈紫色的特性。当有自由基清除剂存在时,由于与其单电子配对而使其吸收逐渐消失,其褪色程度与其接受的电子数量成定量关系,因而可用分光光度计进行快速的定量分析,来检测自由基清除情况,从而评价样品的抗衰老能力。
取实施例1制备的桑黄活性部位I和桑黄活性部位II用去离子水配置成0.1mg/mL的样品溶液,取样品溶液2ml 加入试管中,再加入2ml 76μM DPPH乙醇溶液,混匀,室温下避光在黑暗处反应 30min,在 525nm处测定吸光度Abs ;按照下面公式计算清除率,结果如表2所示。
清除率 I(%) = [1-(T-T0)/(C-C0)]×100%
式中 : T0:0.1ml 水或二甲亚砜 (DMSO) 加2 ml DPPH 溶液的吸光度 ;
T:0.1ml 样品液加 2 ml DPPH 溶液的吸光度 ;
C0:0.1ml 水或二甲亚砜 (DMSO) 加 2ml 95%乙醇的吸光度 ;
C:0.1ml 样品液加 2ml 95%乙醇的吸光度。
半数抑制率 (IC50) 的计算 :
IC50 值定义为清除率为50%时所需酪氨酸酶抑制剂的浓度。以样品的浓度对酪氨酸酶的抑制率作图并进行拟合,读取计算IC50值。结果如表2。
表2桑黄活性部位清除自由基作用
DPPH抑制IC50值 (mg/mL) | |
桑黄活性部位I | 0.007 |
桑黄活性部位II | 0.0005 |
由表2可知,桑黄活性部位I和桑黄活性部位II具有优异的自由基清除作用,作为抗氧化剂是有用的。因此,可以配合在皮肤外用剂中,作为防止肌肤老化、维持年轻健康的肌肤状态的抗氧化活性物使用。
实施例4 桑黄活性部位的人成纤维细胞增殖和I型胶原合成作用研究
将实施例1制备的桑黄活性部位I和桑黄活性部位II加入到人成纤维细胞培养液中,以不含样品的去离子水为空白对照,测试终浓度为0.1 mg/mL。培养48小时后,用MTT法对细胞染色后,用酶标仪测定550nm处吸光度,空白对照的增殖率为100%,参比空白对照,评估对人成纤维细胞的增殖作用;同时取细胞上清样本,用I型胶原蛋白测定试剂盒测定胶原蛋白的生成,空白对照的生成率为100%,参比空白对照,评估对人成纤维细胞的I型胶原合成促进作用,结果如表3所示:
表3 桑黄活性部位对成纤维细胞增殖和I型胶原合成的影响
成纤维细胞增殖率(%) | I型胶原合成率(%) | |
桑黄活性部位I | 112.32 | 106.56 |
桑黄活性部位II | 228.47 | 107.97 |
由表3可知,在本发明中使用的桑黄活性部位均对人成纤维细胞增殖和I型胶原合成具有促进作用。
实施例5 含有桑黄活性部位的皮肤外用剂
取实施例1中得到的桑黄活性部位I和桑黄活性部位II中的一种或多种,用于皮肤外用剂的制备。所述皮肤外用剂优选为化妆品组合物,例如化妆水、精华液、乳霜等。所述桑黄活性部位在皮肤外用剂中的重量百分比是0.0001-1,优选0.01-1。以下是桑黄活性部位在皮肤外用剂中的具体应用的实施例。以下各表中“-”表示无添加。
实施例6 含有桑黄活性部位的化妆水
取桑黄活性部位,用于制备具有抗衰老、美白作用的化妆水,所述化妆水含有的组分如表4所示:
表4
实施例7含有桑黄活性部位的精华液
取桑黄活性部位,用于制备具有抗衰老、美白作用的精华液,所述精华液含有的组分如表5所示:
表5
实施例8含有桑黄活性部位的乳液/霜
取桑黄活性部位,用于制备具有抗衰老、美白作用的乳液/霜,所述乳液/霜含有的组分如表6所示:
表6
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种桑黄活性部位的制备方法,其特征在于其采用方法1或方法2进行:
所述的方法1包括如下步骤:将桑黄子粉末加水浸没,沸水提取1-2小时,提取2-4次,每次提取后固液分离得滤液,合并滤液并浓缩至最小体积,冷冻干燥,即得桑黄活性部位;其中,所述的桑黄子粉末与水的质量体积比为(1:5)g/mL~(1:20)g/mL;
所述的方法2包括如下步骤:将桑黄子粉末加水浸没,沸水提取1-2小时,提取2-3次,每次提取后固液分离得滤液,合并滤液并浓缩至最小体积,加入浓缩液3-4倍体积的体积浓度为90-95%的乙醇水溶液,2-5℃下静置8-12小时,收集上清液,回收乙醇至无醇味,上样到大孔树脂柱,依次以水、溶剂I洗脱,收集溶剂I的洗脱部位,回收溶剂,即得桑黄活性部位;其中,所述的桑黄子粉末与水的质量体积比为(1:5)g/mL~(1:20)g/mL,所述的溶剂I为体积浓度为70%以上的乙醇。
2.如权利要求1所述的桑黄活性部位的制备方法,其特征在于:
方法1中,所述的桑黄子粉末的粒度为20目~60目;
和/或,
方法1中,所述的固液分离的方法为过滤、压滤或离心;
和/或,
方法1中,所述的桑黄子粉末与水的质量体积比为(1:10)g/mL
和/或,
方法2中,所述的桑黄子粉末的粒度为20目~60目;
和/或,
方法2中,所述的固液分离的方法为过滤、压滤或离心;
和/或,
方法2中,所述的桑黄子粉末与水的质量体积比为(1:10)g/mL。
3.如权利要求1所述的桑黄活性部位的制备方法,其特征在于:
方法2中,所述的大孔树脂填充柱为D101、AB-8或ADS-8树脂填充柱;
和/或,
方法2中,所述的溶剂Ⅰ为体积浓度为70%的乙醇。
4.如权利要求1~3任一项所述的桑黄活性部位的制备方法制得的桑黄活性部位。
5.如权利要求4所述的桑黄活性部位,其特征在于:
所述的桑黄活性部位包括方法1制得的桑黄活性部位、方法2制得的桑黄活性部位中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求5所述的桑黄活性部位在制备皮肤外用剂中的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的桑黄活性部位在制备皮肤外用剂时作为抗老化活性成分和抗氧化活性成分中的一种或多种。
8.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的皮肤外用剂包括具备疾病治疗用途的药物,或者不具备疾病治疗用途的化妆品。
9.一种皮肤外用剂,包括如权利要求5所述的桑黄活性部位。
10.如权利要求9所述的皮肤外用剂,其特征在于,所述的桑黄活性部位在皮肤外用剂组合物中的重量百分比为0.0001-3,较佳的为0.5-3。
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