CN107486559A - A kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

A kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107486559A
CN107486559A CN201710781281.2A CN201710781281A CN107486559A CN 107486559 A CN107486559 A CN 107486559A CN 201710781281 A CN201710781281 A CN 201710781281A CN 107486559 A CN107486559 A CN 107486559A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
aluminium base
density gradient
layer
density
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201710781281.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN107486559B (en
Inventor
马运柱
刘超
刘文胜
杨玉玲
刘阳
龙路平
伍镭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Central South University
Original Assignee
Central South University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Central South University filed Critical Central South University
Priority to CN201710781281.2A priority Critical patent/CN107486559B/en
Publication of CN107486559A publication Critical patent/CN107486559A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107486559B publication Critical patent/CN107486559B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
    • B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application.Region that density changes in gradient in the aluminium base density gradient material be present and/or density be in consecutive variations region, the material in each region is consistent in the aluminium base density gradient material.Its preparation method is：Water-soluble pore creating material powder by volume：Al alloy powder=X：(100 X), it is well mixed to obtain the mixed-powder containing not same amount pore creating material with water-soluble pore creating material powder and Al alloy powder；Die forming is carried out by lamination powdering, and obtains sintered body in 575 675 DEG C of sintering under vacuum conditions；Most handle through water logging bubble to obtain aluminium base density gradient material afterwards.The aluminium base density gradient material that the present invention is prepared realizes density without obvious deformation, by porosity in 1.1 2.7g/cm3Between gradient distribution.The present invention properties of product it is excellent, be suitable for aerospace material.

Description

A kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application, and in particular to aluminium base density gradient The powder metallurgy technology of preparing of material.
Background technology
With continuous expansion, satellite sounding, space station, moon exploration program etc. of the modernization of the country construction to space industry demand Field proposes ratio to bearing capacity, precision holding capacity, protection of space debris ability of spacecraft structure component of new generation etc. In the past higher, more harsh requirement.As spacecraft of new generation performs the complication of task, except propellant weight, effectively carry Lotus also occupies larger volume and weight, but be constrained by delivery emissivities, and reducing the weight of structure and can increasing has The weight of load is imitated, this means that the weight for reducing structure can lift the ability that satellite performs various tasks.
Aluminium and its alloy have low-density, are high than good characteristics such as strong and high specific stiffnesses, are that current aerospace field should With most lightweight metal materials.In recent years, for further Development of Novel lightweight structural material, with existing homogeneous texture material Based on the newest fruits of research, consider the structure-function combining design technology theory of material, material is realized using gradient-structure The function integration of material turns into inevitable trend.In addition, the density gradient characteristic that novel gradient material has can be effectively real The efficient dissipation of existing kinetic energy, by spacecraft density of setting functionally gradient material (FGM) protecting screen, to reduce to greatest extent and be dispensed into Space junk kinetic energy is penetrated, can effectively realize the protection to spacecraft.Existing functionally gradient material (FGM) is mostly fine and close foreign material gradient It is compound, easily generate different types of intermetallic compound, a large amount of weld metal zone brittle intermetallic things in interface in recombination process Presence cause both interface qualities not high.Aluminium base density gradient material based on loose structure is it is possible to prevente effectively from boundary The presence in face, significantly improve the bond strength between different layers.In preparation process, the uniformity of pore size and hole is skill , such as there is the defects of local macropore in the key point of art, this can cause the performances such as the elasticity of material and yield strength to significantly reduce.
The current method for preparing small-bore porous Al alloy both at home and abroad is simultaneously few, and domestic and international correlative study person is with aluminium or aluminium Alloy is matrix, using foam melt method, by controlling stirring foaming process to reach the effect in reduction aperture.Another method It is that through-hole porous aluminium alloy is prepared using infiltration casting, is filler using treated Nacl, and then by seepage flow, cold But, solidify and clear up and obtain the porous Al alloy alloy that aperture is less than 1mm.There is researcher to be based on powder metallurgy principle profit in recent years Micrometer level porous aluminium alloy of the aperture more than 100 μm is prepared with sintering and dissolution process.The loose structure ladder of scholars' development Spending the preparation method of material mainly includes electrochemical process, graded chemical dissolution method, powder wet spray method, centrifugal deposition method, heat Isostatic pressed and powder sintering process are combined method and compression molding method etc..But prepared sample not only the controllability of porosity and Stability is not high, and performance is unstable, and the aperture of its hole is generally higher than 100 μm.Because hole aperture is excessive, work as porosity During raising, the performance such as intensity of sample is decreased obviously.All these applications that all greatly limit loose structure functionally gradient material (FGM).
In summary, existing preparation method has various limitations, and there is presently no mature and stable technique Effective control of functionally gradient material (FGM) mesopore pattern and uniform distribution is realized, and the application environment of Aero-Space carries to binding ability Requirements at the higher level are gone out.Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a kind of new preparation method and obtain to have high performance aluminium base density for this area Functionally gradient material (FGM).
The content of the invention
To overcome, compound generation causes material to inventor between the poisonous metal of interface during foreign material graded composite Performance is reduced to principle, initiates the design concept of loose structure functionally gradient material (FGM), graded composite is realized as matrix using material of the same race.
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of the structure and technology of preparing of existing functionally gradient material (FGM) and porous material, A kind of aluminium base density gradient material powder smelting of micrometer level porous structure is provided on the development foundation of porous material and functionally gradient material (FGM) Technology prepared by gold, this method have that preparation technology is simple, and porosity and pore size are controllable, operate the features such as flexible.
A kind of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；Have what density changed in gradient in the aluminium base density gradient material Region and/or density are in the region of consecutive variations, and the material in each region is consistent in the aluminium base density gradient material.
A kind of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；The aluminium base density gradient material through-thickness is divided into n-layer, The density for defining the 1st layer successively is A1, the 2nd layer of density be A2... the density of n-th layer is An；The A1More than A2、AnIt is less than An-1；The n is more than 2 and is integer.
A kind of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；1st layer of consistency is more than or equal to 99%；The porosity of n-th layer is 50-60%.
A kind of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；2nd layer of thickness is 0.2-0.5 millimeters, and the 2nd layer of density is the 1st The 40-90% of layer density；The thickness of 2nd layer of 3 layers of thickness+the+... the thickness of ..+ n-th layers is less than or equal to 10 millimeters.
A kind of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；The material of the aluminium base density gradient material is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy； When its material is fine aluminium, the 1st layer of density is 2.7g/cm3, the 2nd layer of density be 1.8-1.9g/cm3, n-th layer density An More than or equal to 1.1g/cm3And the density less than or equal to (n-1)th layer.
A kind of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；The aluminium alloy is selected from Al-Mg systems alloy, Al-Mn systems alloy, Al- At least one in Cu-Mg systems alloy, Al-Mg-Si system alloy, Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni systems alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu systems alloy Kind.
A kind of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；In the aluminium base density gradient material, the aperture of hole is less than or equal to 50 microns.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；Comprise the following steps：
Step 1
Using aluminiferous metals powder, pore creating material as raw material, by different X values, water-soluble pore creating material powder by volume：Contain Aluminum metal powder=X：(100-X) matches somebody with somebody water-soluble pore creating material powder and Al alloy powder respectively, is well mixed, by X value Ascending order obtain successively 1 standby material, the 2nd compound ... .. is sealed up for safekeeping standby until the n-th compound；It is described to contain aluminium gold It is pure aluminium powder or Al alloy powder to belong to powder；The X is more than or equal to 0, less than 100；The granularity of the aluminiferous metals powder is 8-15 μ m。
The pore creating material is sodium salt or sylvite, and sphericity is more than or equal to 90%；The particle diameter distribution of the pore creating material is 15-45 μm；The preferred spans of X are 0~70.
Step 2
By the 1st standby material obtained by step 1, the 2nd compound ... .. until the n-th compound according to design requirement in a mold Lamination powdering, unidirectional cold-press moulding, obtain containing the 1st layer, the 2nd layer ... the gradient base substrate of .. n-th layer structures；
Step 3
It is preferably 5-10 DEG C/min first using 5-15 DEG C/min under vacuum atmosphere by gradient base substrate obtained by step 2 Heating rate be warming up to 280-320 DEG C, insulation, be then warming up to 575-675 DEG C with 5-15 DEG C/min heating rate, insulation 120-240min, 1-10MPa pressure is loaded in insulating process；Temperature is dropped with 5-15 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall after the completion of insulation To 280-320 DEG C, insulation, room temperature is cooled to the furnace after insulation；
Step 4
The sintered body that step 3 obtains is soaked by 40-80 DEG C of water-bath, removes pore creating material, obtains density gradient distribution Material.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；The aluminiferous metals powder is by pretreatment；It is described Pre-process and be：The aluminiferous metals powder that granularity is 8-15 μm is dried into 4-6 hours in 60-80 DEG C of baking oven.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；Pore creating material described in step 1 is sodium salt or sylvite, Sphericity is more than or equal to 90%；The size distribution of the pore creating material is 15-45 μm, is prepared by following proposal：
Glycine is added into saturated sodium-chloride water solution, after stirring, by way of mist centrifugal drying, water is made Dissolubility pore creating material powder；The addition quality of the glycine is the 2%-25% of saturated sodium-chloride water solution gross mass, is preferably 2.5-5%, more preferably 2.7-4.1%；During spraying centrifugal drying, control atomizer rotating speed is more than or equal to 15000r/ Min, be preferably 15000-30000r/min, more preferably 25000r/min, control EAT be more than or equal to 150 DEG C, Preferably 150-200 DEG C, more preferably 150 DEG C, control leaving air temp is less than or equal to 100 DEG C, preferably 80-100 DEG C, entered One step is preferably 80 DEG C.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；In step 2, before laying powder, the pine of powder is measured Fill density.While also need to measure the thickness of different quantitative powders gained pressed compact under the conditions of different pressures.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；Described 1st layer of thickness is 0.2-0.5 microns, and Its material is the 1st standby material.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；Described 2nd layer of thickness is 0.2-0.5 microns, and Its material is the 2nd compound.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；When n is more than or equal to 3, described 3rd layer of thickness is 0.2-0.5 microns, and its material is the 3rd compound.I-th layer of thickness is 0.2-0.5 microns, and its material is the i-th compound； The i is more than 3, less than or equal to n.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；In step 2, compressing pressing pressure is 150-300MPa, dwell time 5-30s, the base substrate gross thickness of compacting gained functionally gradient material (FGM) is 3-10mm.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；In step 2, compressing is preferably die forming； The inwall of die forming is evenly coated with lubricant, and the lubricant is preferably zinc stearate.
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；In step 3, by gradient base substrate obtained by step 2, Under vacuum atmosphere, 280-320 DEG C is warming up to using the heating rate that 5-15 DEG C/min is preferably 5-10 DEG C/min first, is incubated, Then 625-675 DEG C is warming up to 5-15 DEG C/min heating rate, is incubated 120-240min, 1- is loaded in insulating process 10MPa pressure；280-320 DEG C of insulation is cooled the temperature to 5-15 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall after the completion of insulation, with stove after insulation Room temperature is cooled to, the vacuum of the vacuum environment is 1 × 10-2-1×10-6Pa。
A kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention；Pore creating material described in step 4 be soluble sodium salt or Sylvite, it is placed in 50-70 DEG C of the aqueous solution after soaking 2-3h, dries under vacuum, is removed with water-bath dissolution method in base substrate Pore creating material.
Using the technique designed by the present invention, the pore appearance of prepared loose structure density gradient aluminium alloy is essentially Spherical, the uniformity is preferable, can effectively realize the gradient distribution of density.
The preparation of large-size aluminium base density gradient material is present invention can be suitably applied to, and extends to the density of other metals Gradient-structure.
Advantage
First, the present invention can be by controlling the pore characteristic of functionally gradient material (FGM) to prepare aluminium base density gradient material；
2nd, the profile of the material, porosity, pore size are fully controllable and aperture can accomplish to be less than or equal to 50 microns, The preparation of porous material can be carried out according to the actual requirements, and density gradient can realize 1.1-2.7g/cm3In the range of alignment consistency or Continuous gradient changes；
3rd, preparation technology of the present invention is simple, cost is low, is applicable to the preparation of large-size aluminium base density gradient material, And extend to the functionally gradient material (FGM) development of other similar structures；
4th, the technique designed by the present invention is not in intermediate diffusion layer so that the present invention is not in foreign material Intermetallic compound, so as to widen the application of prepared material.
Solve that functionally gradient material (FGM) existing preparation process median surface layer is unmanageable, foreign material interface residual stress is larger and The problem of being difficult to obtain the gradient-structure with preferable combination interface intensity.The present invention is using PM technique setting porous aluminum The porosity of alloy is X (X=0~70%)；Water-soluble pore creating material powder by volume：Al alloy powder=X：(100-X), matches somebody with somebody Water-soluble pore creating material powder and Al alloy powder, it is well mixed to obtain the mixed-powder of different porosities；Heterogeneity is matched somebody with somebody The mixed-powder of ratio is formed by lamination powdering, and obtains sintered body in 575-675 DEG C of sintering under vacuum conditions；Finally Immersion treatment in the aqueous solution is carried out to gained sintered body and obtains the aluminium base density gradient material of preferable performance.The present invention is prepared Aluminium base density gradient material density is realized without obvious deformation, by porosity in 1.1-2.7g/cm3Between gradient point Cloth.
To sum up, the present invention uses PM technique, solves existing functionally gradient material (FGM) preparation process median surface layer and is difficult to control System, foreign material interface residual stress are larger and being difficult to acquisition has the problem of gradient-structure of preferable combination interface intensity. The Density Distribution of aluminum-based gradient material is realized by different porosities design, and effectively shortens preparation technology, is applicable to larger The preparation of size aluminium base density gradient material, and extend to the density gradient structure of other metals.The present invention can be controlled effectively Porosity processed and pore size are simple to operate, easily controllable, are easy to commercial application.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph of water-soluble pore creating material powder used in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereoscan photograph of the two layers of gradient material for the loose structure being prepared in embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the stereoscan photograph of three layers of functionally gradient material (FGM) of the loose structure being prepared in embodiment 3.
The particle diameter distribution of water-soluble pore creating material powder used in the embodiment of the present invention is 15-45 μm as can be seen from Figure 1, and ball Shape degree is about 95%.
The preparation-obtained basically identical cutting of two layers of gradient mesopore pattern of the embodiment of the present invention 2 as can be seen from Figure 2 Cloth is uniform, and for pore-size distribution below 50 μm, density realizes obvious gradient distribution.
3 preparation-obtained three layers of basically identical cutting of gradient mesopore pattern of the embodiment of the present invention as can be seen from Figure 3 Cloth is uniform, and for pore-size distribution below 50 μm, density realizes obvious gradient distribution.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, a kind of preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material of the present invention is made into The explanation of one step.
In the embodiment of the present invention, size distribution used is that 15-45 μm of water-soluble pore creating material powder is to pass through following proposal Prepare：
At room temperature, in 100ml saturated nacl aqueous solutions, 54g glycine, magnetic agitation half an hour are added, atomizer turns Speed is 15000r/min, and entry/exit draught temperature is 150/80 DEG C, and collection obtains sodium chloride crystallization, and at 80 DEG C in vacuum drying Dried in case.The particle diameter distribution for obtaining sodium chloride is 15-45 μm, and sphericity is about 95%；Scanning result is shown in accompanying drawing 1.
Embodiment 1
Step 1：Powder pre-treating；It is 15-40 μm water-soluble by aluminum substrate powder and size distribution that granularity is 8-15 μm Property pore creating material powder is dried 4 hours in 80 DEG C of baking oven.
Step 2：Composition is equipped with；By 2A12 powder and water-soluble pore creating material powder according to volume fraction 7:3 proportionings be (i.e. X's Value is 30), 3h, batch mixer rotating speed 20r/min then to be mixed in three-dimensional material mixer, then under vacuum environment take out seal up for safekeeping it is standby With.
Step 3：Gradient shapes；2A12 Al alloy powders are placed in cold stamping die and powdering is smooth and carries out manually pre- Pressure, then decline die head height, by the composite powder prepared in step 2 above continue to lay on precompressed base substrate it is smooth 200MPa carries out the shaping of preform blank, pressurize 20s, the preform blank of two layers of gradient is prepared.
Step 4：Heating rate of the preform blank first using 5 DEG C/min in sintering furnace is risen to temperature from room temperature 600 DEG C and 180min is incubated, then cools the temperature to 300 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall and be incubated 20min, finally with stove Room temperature is cooled to, the sintered body of gradient sample is prepared.
Step 5：Sintered body post-processes；2h is soaked using water-bath dissolving technology at 60 DEG C PM technique is prepared Sintered body carry out the removing of pore creating material, the density gradient aluminium alloy of loose structure is prepared.
Density measurement is carried out to aluminium base density gradient material obtained by present embodiment, obtains density from 1.8-2.7g/c m3 Realize that gradient is distributed, sample gross thickness 2mm, porosity distribution is in the range of 0-31%, and below 50 μm, material is drawn pore-size distribution It is 83.5MPa to stretch intensity.
Embodiment 2
Step 1：Powder pre-treating；It is 15-40 μm water-soluble by aluminum substrate powder and size distribution that granularity is 8-15 μm Property pore creating material powder is dried 5 hours in 70 DEG C of baking oven.
Step 2：Composition is equipped with；By 2A12 powder and water-soluble pore creating material powder according to volume fraction 7:3 proportionings be (i.e. X's Value is 30), 4h, batch mixer rotating speed 20r/min then to be mixed in three-dimensional material mixer, then under vacuum environment take out seal up for safekeeping it is standby With.
Step 3：Gradient shapes；2A12 Al alloy powders are placed in cold stamping die and powdering is smooth and carries out manually pre- Pressure, then decline die head height, by the composite powder prepared in step 2 above continue to lay on precompressed base substrate it is smooth 200MPa carries out the shaping of preform blank, pressurize 20s, the preform blank of two layers of gradient is prepared.
Step 4：Heating rate of the preform blank first using 5 DEG C/min in sintering furnace is risen to temperature from room temperature 650 DEG C and 210min is incubated, then cools the temperature to 300 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall and be incubated 20min, finally with stove Room temperature is cooled to, the sintered body of gradient sample is prepared.
Step 5：Sintered body post-processes；2h is soaked using water-bath dissolving technology at 60 DEG C PM technique is prepared Sintered body carry out the removing of pore creating material, the density gradient aluminium alloy of loose structure is prepared.
Density measurement is carried out to aluminium base density gradient material obtained by present embodiment, obtains density from 1.9-2.7g/c m3 Realize that gradient is distributed, sample gross thickness 2mm, porosity distribution is in the range of 0-28%, and below 50 μm, material is drawn pore-size distribution It is 91.1MPa to stretch intensity.Its microstructure is as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3
Step 1：Powder pre-treating；It is 15-40 μm water-soluble by aluminum substrate powder and size distribution that granularity is 8-15 μm Property pore creating material powder is dried 4 hours in 80 DEG C of baking oven.
Step 2：Composition is equipped with；By 2A12 powder and water-soluble pore creating material powder according to volume fraction 7:3 and 5：Proportioning is (i.e. X value is respectively 30 and 50), 4h, batch mixer rotating speed 20r/min is then mixed in three-dimensional material mixer, then vacuum environment Lower taking-up is sealed up for safekeeping standby.
Step 3：Gradient shapes；2A12 Al alloy powders are placed in cold stamping die and powdering is smooth and carries out manually pre- Pressure, then decline die head height, be 7 by the Volume fraction prepared in step 2:3 composite powder is in above preformed compact Continue to lay smooth on body and carry out precompressed manually, then further decline die head height, the volume that will prepare in step 2 Score ratio is 5:5 composite powder is above continuing to lay the smooth shaping for carrying out preform blank in 200MPa on precompressed base substrate, Pressurize 20s, the preform blank of three layers of gradient is prepared.
Step 4：Heating rate of the preform blank first using 5 DEG C/min in sintering furnace is risen to temperature from room temperature 650 DEG C and 210min is incubated, then cools the temperature to 300 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall and be incubated 20min, finally with stove Room temperature is cooled to, the sintered body of gradient sample is prepared.
Step 5：Sintered body post-processes；2h is soaked using water-bath dissolving technology at 60 DEG C PM technique is prepared Sintered body carry out the removing of pore creating material, the density gradient aluminium alloy of loose structure is prepared.
Density measurement is carried out to aluminium base density gradient material obtained by present embodiment, obtains density from 1.4-2.7g/c m3 Gradient powder is realized, sample gross thickness 2.5mm, porosity distribution is in the range of 0-48%, and pore-size distribution is below 50 μm, material Tensile strength is 66.8MPa, and its microstructure is as shown in Figure 3.
Comparative example 1
Other conditions are consistent with embodiment 1, using 30-45 μm of aluminum substrate powder and the pure NaCl (granularities of analysis purchased in market 100-150μm)；Density is obtained from 1.6-2.7g/cm3Realize that gradient is distributed, porosity distribution is in the range of 0-41%, in finished product Hole aperture is more than more than 100 μm, and tensile strength is only 67.2MPa, and gradient effect and design parameter difference are larger.
Comparative example 2
Other conditions are consistent with embodiment 3, and high sphericity NaCl used in the present invention is substituted using the pure NaCl of analysis purchased in market (100-150 μm of granularity)；Density is obtained from 1.2-2.7g/cm3Realize gradient be distributed, porosity distribution in the range of 0-56%, Finished product mesopore aperture is more than more than 100 μm, and has a small amount of hole to have connection phenomenon, the hole of functionally gradient material (FGM) designed by reduction Gap characteristic, tensile strength are only 51.6MPa, and gradient effect and design parameter difference are larger.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. aluminium base density gradient material；It is characterized in that：Density be present in the aluminium base density gradient material in gradient to become The region of change and/or density are in the region of consecutive variations, and the material in each region is consistent in the aluminium base density gradient material.
  2. A kind of 2. aluminium base density gradient material according to claim 1；It is characterized in that：By the aluminium base density gradient material Material through-thickness is divided into n-layer, and the density for defining the 1st layer successively is A1, the 2nd layer of density be A2, n-th layer density be An； The A1More than A2、AnLess than An-1；The n is more than 2 and is integer.
  3. A kind of 3. aluminium base density gradient material according to claim 2；It is characterized in that：1st layer of consistency be more than etc. In 99%；The porosity of n-th layer is 50-60%.
  4. A kind of 4. aluminium base density gradient material according to claim 2；It is characterized in that：2nd layer of thickness is 0.2-0.5 Millimeter, the 2nd layer of density are the 40-90% of the 1st layer of density；The thickness of 2nd layer of 3 layers of thickness+the+... the thickness of ..+ n-th layers Less than or equal to 10 millimeters.
  5. A kind of 5. aluminium base density gradient material according to claim 2；It is characterized in that：The aluminium base density gradient material Material be pure aluminum or aluminum alloy；When its material is fine aluminium, the 1st layer of density is 2.7g/cm3, the 2nd layer of density be 1.8- 1.9g/cm3, n-th layer density AnMore than or equal to 1.1g/cm3And the density less than or equal to (n-1)th layer.
  6. A kind of 6. aluminium base density gradient material according to claim 5；It is characterized in that：The aluminium alloy is selected from Al-Mg It is alloy, Al-Mn systems alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Mg-Si system alloy, Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni systems alloy, Al-Zn- At least one of Mg-Cu systems alloy.
  7. A kind of 7. aluminium base density gradient material according to claim 1；It is characterized in that：The aluminium base density gradient material In, the aperture of hole is less than or equal to 50 microns.
  8. 8. prepare a kind of aluminium base density gradient material described in claim 1-7；It is characterized in that；Comprise the following steps：
    Step 1
    Using aluminiferous metals powder, pore creating material as raw material, by different X values, water-soluble pore creating material powder by volume：Containing aluminium gold Belong to powder=X：(100-X) matches somebody with somebody water-soluble pore creating material powder and Al alloy powder respectively, is well mixed, by X value by small To big order obtain successively 1 standby material, the 2nd compound ... .. is sealed up for safekeeping standby until the n-th compound；The aluminiferous metals powder End is pure aluminium powder or Al alloy powder；The X is more than or equal to 0, less than 100；The granularity of the aluminiferous metals powder is 8-15 μm；Institute It is sodium salt or sylvite to state pore creating material, and sphericity is more than or equal to 90%；The particle diameter distribution of the pore creating material is 15-45 μm；
    Step 2
    By 1 standby material obtained by step 1, the 2nd compound ... until the n-th compound is according to design requirement, lamination is spread .. in a mold Powder, unidirectional cold-press moulding, obtain containing the 1st layer, the 2nd layer ... the gradient base substrate of .. n-th layer structures；
    Step 3
    It is preferably 5-10 DEG C/min liter using 5-15 DEG C/min first under vacuum atmosphere by gradient base substrate obtained by step 2 Warm speed is warming up to 280-320 DEG C, insulation, is then warming up to 575-675 DEG C with 5-15 DEG C/min heating rate, is incubated 120- 240min, 1-10MPa pressure is loaded in insulating process；Cooled the temperature to after the completion of insulation with 5-15 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall 280-320 DEG C, insulation, room temperature is cooled to the furnace after insulation；
    Step 4
    The sintered body that step 3 obtains is soaked by 40-80 DEG C of water-bath, removes pore creating material, obtains the material of density gradient distribution Material.
  9. A kind of 9. preparation method of aluminium base density gradient material according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
    In step 2, compressing pressing pressure is 150-300MPa, dwell time 5-30s, suppresses gained functionally gradient material (FGM) Base substrate gross thickness be 3-10mm；
    In step 3, by gradient base substrate obtained by step 2, under vacuum atmosphere, first using 5-15 DEG C/min heating rate liter Temperature insulation, is then warming up to 625-675 DEG C to 280-320 DEG C with 5-15 DEG C/min heating rate, is incubated 120-240min, 1-10MPa pressure is loaded in insulating process；After the completion of insulation 280-320 DEG C is cooled the temperature to 5-15 DEG C/min rate of temperature fall Insulation, cool to room temperature after insulation with the furnace, the vacuum of the vacuum environment is 1 × 10-2-1×10-6Pa。
  10. A kind of 10. application of aluminium base density gradient material according to claim 1-7 any one, it is characterised in that：Institute State using including being used as aerospace material.
CN201710781281.2A 2017-09-01 2017-09-01 A kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application Active CN107486559B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710781281.2A CN107486559B (en) 2017-09-01 2017-09-01 A kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710781281.2A CN107486559B (en) 2017-09-01 2017-09-01 A kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107486559A true CN107486559A (en) 2017-12-19
CN107486559B CN107486559B (en) 2019-09-24

Family

ID=60651338

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710781281.2A Active CN107486559B (en) 2017-09-01 2017-09-01 A kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107486559B (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108326297A (en) * 2018-04-24 2018-07-27 中南大学 A kind of building mortion of large-size ultra-thin powder metallurgy functionally gradient material (FGM) and application
CN108620593A (en) * 2018-04-24 2018-10-09 中南大学 A kind of large-size ultra-thin Metal Substrate density gradient material and its preparation method and application
CN112359238A (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-02-12 佛山市飞成金属制品有限公司 Porous aluminum alloy preparation process and aluminum alloy super-heat-conduction plate
CN112658266A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-04-16 中南大学 Pore characteristic light gradient material and application thereof
CN113061770A (en) * 2021-03-19 2021-07-02 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 Aluminum-based porous composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN113070464A (en) * 2021-03-19 2021-07-06 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 Aluminum-based porous composite material, preparation method and application thereof
CN114505478A (en) * 2020-11-16 2022-05-17 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 TiN-Ni gradient functional material and preparation method and application thereof
CN114606525A (en) * 2020-12-08 2022-06-10 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Integral porous metal electrode and preparation method thereof
CN116444289A (en) * 2023-04-13 2023-07-18 湘潭大学 Ni-Cr-Cu porous material with gradient pore diameter and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006348352A (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-28 Muroran Institute Of Technology Method for manufacturing air bearing
CN101148101A (en) * 2007-10-30 2008-03-26 北京航空航天大学 Al-W composite material with gradient changing density and its preparation method
CN101967578A (en) * 2010-11-02 2011-02-09 北京科技大学 Preparation method of gradient pore porous high-niobium titanium-aluminum alloy
CN104404289A (en) * 2014-12-11 2015-03-11 湖南科技大学 High-pore controllable three-dimensional through hole foam molybdenum and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006348352A (en) * 2005-06-16 2006-12-28 Muroran Institute Of Technology Method for manufacturing air bearing
CN101148101A (en) * 2007-10-30 2008-03-26 北京航空航天大学 Al-W composite material with gradient changing density and its preparation method
CN101967578A (en) * 2010-11-02 2011-02-09 北京科技大学 Preparation method of gradient pore porous high-niobium titanium-aluminum alloy
CN104404289A (en) * 2014-12-11 2015-03-11 湖南科技大学 High-pore controllable three-dimensional through hole foam molybdenum and preparation method thereof

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108620593A (en) * 2018-04-24 2018-10-09 中南大学 A kind of large-size ultra-thin Metal Substrate density gradient material and its preparation method and application
CN108620593B (en) * 2018-04-24 2019-12-24 中南大学 Large-size ultrathin metal-based density gradient material and preparation method and application thereof
CN108326297A (en) * 2018-04-24 2018-07-27 中南大学 A kind of building mortion of large-size ultra-thin powder metallurgy functionally gradient material (FGM) and application
CN112359238B (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-10-01 佛山市飞成金属制品有限公司 Porous aluminum alloy preparation process and aluminum alloy super-heat-conduction plate
CN112359238A (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-02-12 佛山市飞成金属制品有限公司 Porous aluminum alloy preparation process and aluminum alloy super-heat-conduction plate
CN114505478A (en) * 2020-11-16 2022-05-17 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 TiN-Ni gradient functional material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112658266A (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-04-16 中南大学 Pore characteristic light gradient material and application thereof
CN114606525A (en) * 2020-12-08 2022-06-10 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Integral porous metal electrode and preparation method thereof
CN113070464A (en) * 2021-03-19 2021-07-06 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 Aluminum-based porous composite material, preparation method and application thereof
CN113061770A (en) * 2021-03-19 2021-07-02 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 Aluminum-based porous composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN113061770B (en) * 2021-03-19 2021-11-30 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 Aluminum-based porous composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN113070464B (en) * 2021-03-19 2022-09-06 广东省科学院新材料研究所 Aluminum-based porous composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN116444289A (en) * 2023-04-13 2023-07-18 湘潭大学 Ni-Cr-Cu porous material with gradient pore diameter and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107486559B (en) 2019-09-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107486559B (en) A kind of aluminium base density gradient material and its preparation method and application
CN108213408B (en) Method for preparing porous metal part with complex structure by using 3D printing technology
CN102417366B (en) Pore gradient silicon carbide porous ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN111515395B (en) Foam metal with hierarchical pore structure, preparation method thereof and sound absorption and noise reduction material
CN105817618B (en) A kind of metal fiber polyporous material sintering method of connectivity and controlled porosity
CN103060597B (en) Reinforced metal composite material of ceramic skeleton with periodical micro truss structure
CN107774996A (en) A kind of integral forming method of the part of more material gradient lattice structures
CN110964939A (en) Preparation method of W-Cu gradient functional material
CN111235496B (en) Preparation method of high-strength SiC nanowire reinforced aluminum matrix composite
CN102134662A (en) Preparation method of reticular Ti5Si3 and dispersed TiC enhanced TiAl-based composite
CN105903969A (en) Porous copper material with directional layered pores and preparation method of porous copper material
CN110369728A (en) A kind of method for preparing powder metallurgy of small pore diameter foamed aluminium material
CN106544552A (en) A kind of surface treatment graphite/low silicon hybrid reinforced aluminum-matrix composite material and its preparation technology
CN103343251A (en) Sintering Ti-Al-based alloy porous material, application thereof and method for improving pore structure of sintering Ti-Al-based alloy porous material
CN105734318A (en) Method for preparing nano-gradient composite W-Cu material
Tian et al. Production and characterization of high porosity porous Fe-Cr-C alloys by the space holder leaching technique
CN107604189B (en) A kind of foam aluminum sandwich and its Semi-Solid Thixoforming Seepage Foundry method
CN112658266A (en) Pore characteristic light gradient material and application thereof
CN104117675B (en) The preparation method of a kind of porous aluminum or Al-alloy based composite
CN103194712B (en) A kind of tungsten-copper composite material of high thermal conductivity is as the application of tungsten copper heat-sink and electronic package material
US9028584B2 (en) System and method for fabrication of 3-D parts
CN108620593A (en) A kind of large-size ultra-thin Metal Substrate density gradient material and its preparation method and application
CN104726775B (en) A kind of aluminium-based porous alloy material of siderochrome and preparation method
CN102618744B (en) Preparation method for clean foam magnesium in bionic field
CN108788128B (en) Preparation method of porous iridium vent sheet for nuclear battery vent window

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant