CN111515395B - Foam metal with hierarchical pore structure, preparation method thereof and sound absorption and noise reduction material - Google Patents
Foam metal with hierarchical pore structure, preparation method thereof and sound absorption and noise reduction material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111515395B CN111515395B CN202010277775.9A CN202010277775A CN111515395B CN 111515395 B CN111515395 B CN 111515395B CN 202010277775 A CN202010277775 A CN 202010277775A CN 111515395 B CN111515395 B CN 111515395B
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1134—Inorganic fillers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
- G10K11/165—Particles in a matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of foam metal, and particularly relates to foam metal with a hierarchical pore structure, a preparation method thereof, and a sound absorption and noise reduction material containing the foam metal, wherein the method comprises the following steps: screening the spherical pore-forming agent by using a screen to obtain pore-forming agent particles; placing the pore-forming agent particles into a disc granulator, adding metal powder, and spraying a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture of the pore-forming agent particles and the metal powder; placing the pore-forming agent particles with the metal powder adhered to the surface into a metal mold, preparing a prefabricated product by adopting a blank pressing process, then performing vacuum pre-sintering, desolventizing treatment and finally performing vacuum sintering treatment to obtain the foam metal material with the hierarchical pore structure; on the basis of inheriting the related process thought of the traditional powder metallurgy method, the spherical pore-forming agent aggregate technology is creatively introduced to obtain the core-shell structure prefabricated particles uniformly coated by the metal powder, and the foundation is laid for the construction of the subsequent hierarchical pore structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foam metal, and particularly relates to foam metal with a hierarchical pore structure, a preparation method of the foam metal, and a sound absorption and noise reduction material containing the foam metal.
Background
The foam metal is a material with a plurality of holes distributed in a metal matrix (such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Ti, Al, Mg, Zn and the like and alloys thereof), has the characteristics of small density, large specific surface area, good energy absorption rate and the like compared with corresponding solid metal, and is a novel material with integrated structure and function. As a structural material, it has the characteristics of light weight and high strength; as a functional material, the composite material has the characteristics of sound absorption, heat insulation, shock resistance, impact resistance, high damping, electromagnetic shielding and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of aircraft landing gear, spacecraft buffering, vehicle shock absorbers, filters, silencers, porous metal electrodes and the like.
In the field of sound absorption/sound insulation and noise reduction, closed-cell foamed aluminum prepared by a melt foaming method and open-cell foamed aluminum obtained by a seepage casting process are primarily applied to sound absorption screens of indoor stadiums or expressways and the like, and show attractive industrial prospects. However, the large pore size (>1mm) and single pore structure of the aluminum foam currently used in the market result in low sound absorption coefficient, especially poor sound absorption at low frequency, so that it is necessary to develop a new metal foam material with multi-level pore structure and designable structural parameters.
At present, the research on the foam metal with the hierarchical pore structure is less, and especially aiming at the application targets of sound absorption, noise reduction and the like, the foam metal preparation technology which has adjustable components, controllable pore structure and size and easy industrial popularization is developed and is rarely reported. At present that the traditional sound absorption material is difficult to meet the requirements of multifunctionality such as flame retardance, environmental protection, long service life and the like, and needs to be upgraded and updated urgently, the research and development of the novel foam metal material with high sound absorption performance and ultrahigh service life have important practical significance in exploring a new simple and feasible preparation method.
There are many methods for preparing foamed metal, and the method is mainly divided into two main categories according to the difference of pore structures: 1) the preparation method of the closed-cell foam metal mainly comprises a melt foaming method, a powder foaming method, a hollow ball adding method and a sputtering spraying method; 2) the preparation method of the open-cell foam metal comprises a seepage casting method, an investment casting method, a powder metallurgy method, a solid-gas eutectic solidification method, a metal deposition method and the like. The following are briefly introduced, respectively:
1. melt foaming process
Blowing agent (generally TiH)2) The foaming agent is added into liquid metal, the foaming agent is heated and decomposed to release gas, the gas expands to foam the liquid metal, and the gas bubbles are remained in the metal in the cooling and solidification process of the metal, so that the closed-cell foam metal is formed. The melt foaming method is commonly used for preparing low-melting-point closed-cell foam goldThe foam metal belongs to aluminum, magnesium and alloy thereof, and the like, and has the advantages of high porosity of the foam metal, low manufacturing cost and suitability for preparing large parts; the disadvantage is that the process control is difficult.
2. Powder foaming process
The metal powder and the foaming agent are prepared according to a certain proportion and are uniformly mixed, the mixture is compressed into a prefabricated blank under a given pressure, then the prefabricated blank is processed into a semi-finished product by the methods of rolling, die forging or extrusion and the like, then the semi-finished product is placed into a steel die with a specified shape and is heated to the melting point of the prefabricated body, and the foaming agent generates bubbles to obtain the closed-cell foam metal material. Similar to the melt foaming method, the powder foaming method is also widely used for preparing closed-cell foamed aluminum and magnesium metal.
3. Hollow ball material method
Heating the commercial phenolic plastic pellets in an inert gas environment until the plastic is carbonized to form hollow pellets, or adding the hollow pellets into metal liquid by using hollow steel balls, and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the hollow pellets to finally obtain the foamed metal material formed by the hollow spheres and the metal matrix. In addition, the hollow metal ball can be directly compressed to obtain a prefabricated blank, and the prefabricated blank is sintered at high temperature to form foam metal. The hollow ball material method is characterized in that the aperture and the porosity are easy to control, and the pore structure is a closed pore structure.
4. Sputtering method
Under the pressure of the inert gas, the metal atoms collide with the high-pressure inert gas atoms in the splashing path, which on the one hand capture the inert gas atoms and on the other hand condense into metal droplets, which then reach the substrate. Thereby obtaining a metal body uniformly enclosing the inert gas atoms on the substrate. Finally, the metal is heated at a temperature above the melting point of the metal for a time sufficient to expand the trapped gas to form a foamed metal material. Sputtering is characterized by ideal pore structure characteristics, but is expensive and difficult to prepare large pieces.
5. Infiltration casting method
Compacting soluble filler particles in a mould, drying to form a prefabricated block, applying air pressure to permeate metal liquid into gaps of the prefabricated block, and finally dissolving the particles to obtain the foam metal material with an open-cell structure. The filler particles are selected to meet the following requirements: 1) the granular material must have certain strength and temperature resistance to ensure that the granular material does not soften and deform or melt under the action of a preheating process, a high-temperature metal liquid seepage process and seepage pressure; 2) after the seepage is cooled, the particles are easy to dissolve in water or be removed by other methods so as to obtain a foam metal network structure with communicated holes; 3) the granular material also has the characteristics of no pollution to the environment, wide sources, convenient forming and the like.
The seepage casting method has the advantages that the porosity is high, and most of the seepage casting method is a through hole structure; the disadvantages are that the prefabricated block is difficult to exsolve, and because the particles mostly adopt substances such as soluble salt and the like, the particles are mostly used for preparing foam metal with lower melting point, such as foam aluminum, magnesium and alloy materials thereof.
6. Investment casting process
Firstly, filling the gap of sponge foam plastics with refractory material slurry, after the refractory material is solidified, heating to remove plastics so as to form a porous prefabricated block body. The liquid metal is injected into the prefabricated block by pressure seepage to remove the refractory material, and the foamed metal material with the same structure as the original sponge plastic is formed. The investment casting method is characterized in that a uniformly distributed hole communicating structure can be obtained, and the structure basically reproduces a plastic model.
7. Powder metallurgy process
The method mainly comprises a loose powder sintering method, a sponge adhesive infiltration sintering method, a powder pressing sintering method and the like.
1) Loose powder sintering method: according to the sintering mechanism, powder particles are in contact with each other, and the contact between the powder particles is increased due to thermal motion and surface tension during heating, so that the metal powder can be directly filled in the whole mold for sintering without applying pressure during sintering. The method is mainly used for producing porous metal electrodes and fuel cells.
2) Sponge adhesive infiltration sintering method: cutting a sponge phase organic material, such as natural or synthetic plastic sponge, into a desired shape, soaking in a binder composed of a desired metal powder and a binder vehicle, drying the soaked sponge to remove the vehicle, sintering the obtained dried sponge at high temperature while removing the decomposed organic material, and cooling to obtain an interconnected high porosity foamed metal material.
3) Powder pressing and sintering method: the metal powder and the pore-forming agent are prepared and mixed according to a certain proportion, and a preformed product with considerable density is prepared under a certain pressure by adopting a blank pressing method. The prefabricated product is put into a vacuum sintering furnace and directly burnt out or combined with a desolventizing process to obtain the open-cell or semi-open-cell type foam metal material.
The powder metallurgy process is characterized by suitability for the production of parts with high porosity, uniform pore distribution, complex structure, and suitability for different metal compositions.
8. Solid-gas eutectic solidification method
In the directional solidification device, gas (generally H2) is dissolved in metal at high temperature and high pressure to reach eutectic composition, and the holes in the foam metal material realize directional growth by controlling the conditions of gas crystallization thermodynamics and growth kinetics, so that the foam metal material with a lotus-shaped hole structure is finally obtained. The high-pressure gas nozzle can be swung within a certain range to avoid the generation of large bubbles in the melt, and a stirring device is arranged at the gas blowing-in position and has the function of enabling the gas to be uniformly distributed in the melt as much as possible. The bubble gas may be air, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor, or an inert gas, etc. The solid-gas eutectic solidification method is characterized in that the size and porosity of the holes are basically controllable, but the cost is high.
9. Method of metal deposition
Usually, the polyurethane foam material is used as a skeleton, electrolytic deposition is performed, and then the organic polymer skeleton is removed by heating, so as to obtain the foam metal material. The metal deposition method is characterized by high porosity, uniform pore distribution, interconnected pores in a three-dimensional network structure, high preparation cost and certain influence on the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and defects of the prior art in the preparation of the foam metal with the hierarchical pore structure, and provides a preparation method of the foam metal with the hierarchical pore structure.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a metal foam having a hierarchical pore structure, the method comprising:
screening the spherical pore-forming agent by using a screen to obtain pore-forming agent particles with a certain particle size distribution interval;
putting the pore-forming agent particles into a disc granulator, adding metal powder, and spraying a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the surface of the mixture of the pore-forming agent particles and the metal powder in the rotation process of the disc granulator;
placing the pore-forming agent particles with the metal powder adhered on the surface into a metal mold, preparing a prefabricated product by adopting a blank pressing process, then carrying out vacuum pre-sintering at the temperature of 250-300 ℃, carrying out desolventizing treatment, and finally carrying out vacuum sintering treatment within the temperature range of 70-95% of the melting point of the metal powder to obtain the foam metal material with the hierarchical pore structure.
Under the preferable condition, the spherical pore-forming agent is a spherical organic pore-forming agent, an inorganic salt pore-forming agent or a combination thereof.
Under the preferable condition, the particle size range of the pore-forming agent particles is 0.5-5 mm.
Preferably, the metal powder has a particle size of 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the metal component of the metal powder is one or more alloys of Fe, Ni, Cu, Ti, Al, Mg, and Zn.
Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is 3 wt.% to 10 wt.%.
Under the preferable condition, in the mixing and granulating process of the pore-forming agent particles and the metal powder, the inclination angle of a disc of the disc granulator is 30-60 degrees, and the rotating speed of the disc is 30-50 r/min.
Preferably, the desolventizing method comprises high-pressure water washing or still water soaking.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a metal foam having a hierarchical pore structure prepared by the above method, wherein the metal foam has a porosity of 60 to 90%.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a sound absorption and noise reduction material, which comprises the above-mentioned foam metal with a hierarchical pore structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the preparation method provided by the invention creatively introduces the spherical pore-forming agent aggregate technology on the basis of inheriting the related process thought of the traditional powder metallurgy method, obtains the core-shell structure prefabricated particles uniformly coated by the metal powder, and lays a foundation for the construction of the subsequent hierarchical pore structure. The foamed metal prepared by the method provided by the invention has high porosity, contains a multi-stage pore structure, is mainly spherical in configuration, can fully play the Helmholtz resonance effect in the field of sound absorption and noise reduction, and is expected to generate good industrial application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a process for preparing a metal foam having a hierarchical pore structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an electron micrograph illustrating a foamed aluminum material prepared according to the preparation method of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for preparing a metal foam having a hierarchical pore structure, the method comprising:
s101, screening the spherical pore-forming agent by using a screen to obtain pore-forming agent particles with a certain particle size distribution interval;
s102, placing the pore-forming agent particles into a disc granulator, adding metal powder, and spraying a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the surface of a mixture of the pore-forming agent particles and the metal powder in the rotation process of the disc granulator;
s103, placing the pore-forming agent particles with the metal powder adhered to the surface into a metal mold, preparing a prefabricated product by adopting a blank pressing process, then performing vacuum pre-sintering at the temperature of 250-300 ℃, performing desolventizing treatment, and finally performing vacuum sintering treatment within the temperature range of 70-95% of the melting point of the metal powder to obtain the foamed metal material with the hierarchical pore structure.
According to the technical concept provided by the invention, the uniform adhesion of metal powder on the surface of the spherical pore-forming agent is realized by taking the spherical pore-forming agent as a matrix and adopting a clustering process, so that core-shell structure prefabricated particles uniformly coated by the metal powder are formed; and then obtaining the foam metal material through vacuum sintering. By the method, a hierarchical pore structure can be formed in the finally formed foam metal material, and specifically comprises macropores formed after a spherical pore-forming agent is removed, micropores generated on a pressure contact surface and a micropore structure formed by insufficient sintering of metal powder; in addition, in the invention, the pore diameter of each level of pore structure can be regulated and controlled by the spherical pore-forming agent and the particle size of the metal powder, and particularly, the wall thickness of a large pore depends on the attachment amount of the metal powder on the surface of the pore-forming agent particle, and can be controlled by a agglomeration process and a vacuum sintering process. Furthermore, the foam metal prepared by the method provided by the invention has high porosity, contains a multi-stage pore structure, is mainly provided with spherical pores in configuration, can fully play a Helmholtz resonance effect in the field of sound absorption and noise reduction, and is expected to generate good industrial application prospect.
According to the method of the present invention, the spherical pore-forming agent is a spherical organic pore-forming agent, an inorganic salt pore-forming agent, or a combination thereof. The spherical pore-forming agent is removed in the vacuum pre-sintering and desolventizing processes, so that a pore structure is formed in situ at the position of the spherical pore-forming agent. Specifically, the organic pore-forming agent may include spherical urea; the inorganic salt pore-forming agent may be calcium chloride particles or sodium chloride particles.
According to the method of the present invention, the size range of the pore former particles and the size of the metal powder both affect the size of the cell structure generated in the metal foam, and preferably, the size range of the pore former particles is 0.5 to 5mm and the size range of the metal powder is 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
Further, according to the method of the present invention, the metal component of the metal powder is one or more alloys of Fe, Ni, Cu, Ti, Al, Mg, Zn. That is, the metal powder may be one of the metal elements listed above, or an alloy of a plurality of metal elements.
According to the method of the present invention, the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution serves to adhere the metal powder to the surface of the pore-forming agent particles, and preferably, the concentration of the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution is 3 wt.% to 10 wt.%, and may be, for example, 3 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 7 wt.%, 8 wt.%, 9 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and any value in the range of any two of these values.
According to the method, in the mixing and granulating process of the pore-forming agent particles and the metal powder, the inclination angle of a disc of the disc granulator is 30-60 degrees, and the rotating speed of the disc is 30-50 r/min.
According to the method of the invention, the desolventizing method comprises high-pressure water washing or still water soaking.
The invention also provides a foam metal with a hierarchical pore structure, which is prepared by the method, and preferably, the porosity of the foam metal is 60-90%. The foam metal prepared by the method has a three-dimensional interconnected space network structure and a three-level pore structure containing macropores, micropores and micropores.
The invention also provides a sound absorption and noise reduction material which comprises the foam metal with the hierarchical pore structure.
The preparation method of the foam metal provided by the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A method for preparing a metal foam having a hierarchical pore structure, the method comprising:
s101, screening spherical sodium chloride particles by using screens with 3mm holes and 2mm holes respectively, and collecting intermediate particle sizes, namely 2-3mm sodium chloride particles;
s102, putting the sodium chloride particles obtained in the step S101 into a PQ (T) -500 disc granulator, setting the inclination angle of the disc granulator to be 45 degrees and the rotation speed to be 40r/min, adding metal aluminum powder with the particle size of 0.1-0.2mm, adopting 5 wt.% of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to perform spraying treatment on the surface of the mixture of the sodium chloride particles and the metal aluminum powder in the rotation process, enabling the metal aluminum powder to be fully adhered to the surface of the sodium chloride particles, and obtaining preformed particles adhered with a certain amount of metal aluminum powder after granulating for 30 min;
s103, placing the preformed particles in the step S102 into a metal mold, adopting a blank pressing process, making a preformed product under the pressure of 100MPa, then placing the preformed product into a vacuum muffle furnace, performing vacuum pre-sintering at 300 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment for 300min, and then placing the preformed product after vacuum pre-sintering into water to perform still water soaking so as to remove sodium chloride particles;
and finally, carrying out vacuum sintering treatment at the temperature of 620 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 120min to obtain the foamed aluminum material with the hierarchical pore structure.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the scanning electron microscope photograph of the foamed aluminum material having a hierarchical pore structure prepared by the above method is shown, and the magnification of the photograph is 100 times.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and inventive features of this invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a metal foam having a hierarchical pore structure, the method comprising:
screening the spherical pore-forming agent by using a screen to obtain pore-forming agent particles with a certain particle size distribution interval;
putting the pore-forming agent particles into a disc granulator, adding metal powder, and spraying a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the surface of the mixture of the pore-forming agent particles and the metal powder in the rotation process of the disc granulator;
placing the pore-forming agent particles with the metal powder adhered to the surface into a metal mold, preparing a prefabricated product by adopting a blank pressing process, then carrying out vacuum pre-sintering at the temperature of 250-300 ℃, carrying out desolventizing treatment, and finally carrying out vacuum sintering treatment within the temperature range of 70-95% of the melting point of the metal powder to obtain the foam metal material with the hierarchical pore structure;
the spherical pore-forming agent is a spherical organic pore-forming agent, an inorganic salt pore-forming agent or a combination thereof;
the spherical pore-forming agent is removed in the vacuum pre-sintering and desolventizing processes, so that a pore structure is formed in situ at the position of the spherical pore-forming agent.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pore former particles have a size in the range of 0.5mm to 5 mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal powder has a particle size of 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal component of the metal powder is one or more alloys of Fe, Ni, Cu, Ti, Al, Mg, Zn.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution has a concentration of 3 wt.% to 10 wt.%.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disk pelletizer has a disk inclination of 30 ° to 60 ° and a disk rotation speed of 30 to 50r/min during the mixing granulation of the pore-forming agent particles and the metal powder.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the desolventizing process comprises high pressure water rinsing or still water soaking.
8. A metal foam having a hierarchical cell structure, wherein said metal foam is prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1-7;
preferably, the porosity of the metal foam is 60 to 90%.
9. A sound absorbing and noise reducing material, wherein said sound absorbing and noise reducing material comprises the metal foam having a hierarchical pore structure according to claim 8.
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| CN112522538B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-08-24 | 太原理工大学 | Porous titanium-aluminum alloy prepared based on high-frequency pulse current sintering and preparation method thereof |
| CN113414409B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-06-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Material adding and reducing composite manufacturing method for gradient function vibration and noise reduction composite material |
| CN113414410B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for manufacturing metal hollow sphere composite material by adding and subtracting materials |
| CN113981262A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-28 | 尹立赫 | Foam metal cavity forming material and forming method thereof |
| CN114871435B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-06-23 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | Preparation method of foam metal with hierarchical pore structure |
| CN115044189A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-09-13 | 福建鑫瑞新材料科技有限公司 | Polymer foam product with hierarchical pore structure and preparation method thereof |
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