CN107484689B - Method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing crayfish breeding mode - Google Patents
Method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing crayfish breeding mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN107484689B CN107484689B CN201710931155.0A CN201710931155A CN107484689B CN 107484689 B CN107484689 B CN 107484689B CN 201710931155 A CN201710931155 A CN 201710931155A CN 107484689 B CN107484689 B CN 107484689B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N Astaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013793 astaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000303040 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N glycyrrhizinic acid Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C([C@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@]([C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@](C)(C[C@H]5C4=CC3=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)CC1)(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011477 liquorice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000593522 Sargassum thunbergii Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001261506 Undaria pinnatifida Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196252 Ulva Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196251 Ulva arasakii Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000005020 Acaciella glauca Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000008582 Pinus sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001839 pinus sylvestris Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001428166 Eucheuma Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000068689 Pimpinella saxifraga Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/179—Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode, which comprises the following steps: firstly, turning and cultivating the polluted soil, leaching the polluted soil by using aqueous hydrogen peroxide, digging a plurality of culture ponds, taking the polluted soil as a pond wall, abutting each other, and respectively having a first opening and a second opening, wherein the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond wall on the opposite side; injecting water for cultivation into the cultivation pond, and circulating running water; step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond; step four, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond, and feeding the crayfish seedlings twice a day; fifthly, culturing for 2-4 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow; sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes again; and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area where the polluted soil is located is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and relates to a method for remediating contaminated soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode.
Background
The heavy metal pollution of soil (referred to as soil heavy metal pollution) refers to the condition that the content of trace metal elements in soil exceeds the background value and is excessively high due to excessive deposition because of human activities. The pollution sources comprise pesticides, waste water, sludge, atmospheric sedimentation and the like, cadmium exceeding of rice produced in China is detected, and soil pollution becomes public nuisance. The appearance of the cadmium rice crisis can knock the alarm clock of the soil pollution again. The remediation of soil pollution comprises in-situ remediation and ex-situ remediation modes. The in-situ treatment is easier to implement, so that more treatment is adopted. However, in the in-situ treatment, the traditional chemical leaching method is very easy to damage the structure of soil, so that the soil is difficult to recycle, some leaching agents are difficult to biodegrade and can cause secondary pollution to the soil, and some leaching agents are expensive, so that the leaching method is difficult to popularize and apply in engineering. Meanwhile, the eluate after cleaning still exists in the soil, so that certain potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
The invention also aims to provide a method for restoring the polluted soil by utilizing the crayfish breeding mode.
Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 30-50 cm, then leaching the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing 2-5% by volume of hydrogen peroxide, and then digging a plurality of culture ponds in the area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the culture ponds take the polluted soil as pond walls, the thickness of the pond walls is 5-15 cm, the depth of each culture pond is 1-2 m, the area of each culture pond is 30-40 mu, the culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond walls on the opposite sides of the culture ponds and are located at the bottom of the culture ponds, and the inclination angles between the culture ponds and the horizontal plane are gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located;
step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of each of the culture ponds until the water reaches 1/2-3/4 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then performing culture by adopting running water circulation;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond;
fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 15-30 ten thousand per mu, and feeding feed twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 100-150 kg per mu, and the feed contains astaxanthin;
fifthly, culturing for 2-4 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 2-3 times;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Preferably, in the method for restoring the polluted soil by utilizing the crayfish breeding mode, in the first step, 4-6L of the polluted soil is leached per square meter when the soil is leached.
Preferably, in the method for restoring the polluted soil by utilizing the crayfish breeding mode, in the first step, the included angle between the breeding pond and the horizontal plane is alpha, and alpha is more than 5 degrees and less than 10 degrees.
Preferably, in the method for remedying contaminated soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding method, the first and second openings of all the breeding ponds are communicated.
Preferably, in the method for restoring the polluted soil by utilizing the crayfish breeding mode, the first opening and the second opening are both provided with filter screens, and the aperture of each filter screen is not larger than 50 meshes.
Preferably, in the method for remedying the contaminated soil by using the crayfish breeding method, the algae is any one or more of laver, agar, sargassum thunbergii, undaria pinnatifida, pimpines and ulva.
Preferably, in the method for restoring the polluted soil by utilizing the crayfish breeding mode, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of astaxanthin, 15-20 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of wormcast, 3-8 parts of microalgae extract, 4-10 parts of liquorice, 3-8 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of folium isatidis powder and 10-15 parts of fresh vegetable leaf powder, wherein the folium isatidis powder and the fresh vegetable leaf powder are corresponding plant fresh leaf powder.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the invention firstly utilizes hydrogen peroxide solution to treat polluted soil, which is beneficial to the physical separation of heavy metal and soil, then the area where the polluted soil is located is constructed into a plurality of crayfish culture ponds which are connected with each other, because the crayfish has good toxin expelling and attenuation mechanism and can adapt to various polluted environments, the crayfish culture ponds can adapt to the polluted environments, meanwhile, astaxanthin is added into the feed of the crayfish, and can further promote the pollution resistance of the crayfish, thereby leading the crayfish to grow well, meanwhile, because the crayfish mainly transfers toxin to the shells, the viscera and other parts, therefore, the shells and the viscera of the crayfish cultured at the place are separated from the edible parts of the crayfish, the edible parts can be further processed for sale or eating, and the shells, the viscera and the like are intensively treated, thereby purifying the area of the polluted soil, the method can be used for planting land or other purposes, realizes in-situ treatment of the polluted soil, realizes the culture of the crayfishes, achieves two purposes at one stroke, realizes the industrialized treatment of the polluted soil, and provides a new way with industrial output value rather than investment for the treatment of the polluted soil.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The invention provides a method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 30-50 cm, then leaching the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing 2-5% by volume of hydrogen peroxide, and then digging a plurality of culture ponds in the area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the culture ponds take the polluted soil as pond walls, the thickness of the pond walls is 5-15 cm, the depth of each culture pond is 1-2 m, the area of each culture pond is 30-40 mu, the culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond walls on the opposite sides of the culture ponds and are located at the bottom of the culture ponds, and the inclination angles between the culture ponds and the horizontal plane are gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located;
step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of each of the culture ponds until the water reaches 1/2-3/4 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then performing culture by adopting running water circulation;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond;
fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 15-30 ten thousand per mu, and feeding feed twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 100-150 kg per mu, and the feed contains astaxanthin;
fifthly, culturing for 2-4 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 2-3 times;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
The invention firstly utilizes hydrogen peroxide solution to treat polluted soil, which is beneficial to the physical separation of heavy metal and soil, then the area where the polluted soil is located is constructed into a plurality of crayfish culture ponds which are connected with each other, because the crayfish has good toxin expelling and attenuation mechanism and can adapt to various polluted environments, the crayfish culture ponds can adapt to the polluted environments, meanwhile, astaxanthin is added into the feed of the crayfish, and can further promote the pollution resistance of the crayfish, thereby leading the crayfish to grow well, meanwhile, because the crayfish mainly transfers toxin to the shells, the viscera and other parts, therefore, the shells and the viscera of the crayfish cultured at the place are separated from the edible parts of the crayfish, the edible parts can be further processed for sale or eating, and the shells, the viscera and the like are intensively treated, thereby purifying the area of the polluted soil, the method can be used for planting land or other purposes, realizes in-situ treatment of the polluted soil, realizes the culture of the crayfishes, achieves two purposes at one stroke, realizes the industrialized treatment of the polluted soil, and provides a new way with industrial output value rather than investment for the treatment of the polluted soil.
In the scheme, preferably, in the method for restoring the polluted soil by utilizing the crayfish breeding mode, in the first step, 4-6L of polluted soil is leached per square meter when the soil is leached.
In the above scheme, preferably, in the method for restoring the polluted soil by utilizing the crayfish breeding mode, in the first step, the included angle between the breeding pond and the horizontal plane is alpha, and alpha is more than 5 degrees and less than 10 degrees.
In the above aspect, preferably, in the method for remedying contaminated soil by using a crawfish breeding mode, the first and second openings of all the breeding ponds are communicated with each other.
In the above scheme, preferably, in the method for restoring the polluted soil by utilizing the crayfish breeding mode, the first opening and the second opening are both provided with filter screens, and the aperture of each filter screen is not larger than 50 meshes.
In the above scheme, preferably, in the method for remedying contaminated soil by using a crawfish culture method, the algae is any one or more of laver, agar, sargassum thunbergii, undaria pinnatifida, pimpinella and ulva
In the above scheme, preferably, in the method for restoring contaminated soil by using a crayfish breeding mode, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of astaxanthin, 15-20 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of wormcast, 3-8 parts of microalgae extract, 4-10 parts of liquorice, 3-8 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of folium isatidis powder and 10-15 parts of fresh vegetable leaf powder, wherein the folium isatidis powder and the fresh vegetable leaf powder are corresponding plant fresh leaf powder.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the following examples are now provided for illustration:
example 1
A method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 30cm, then washing the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing 2% of hydrogen peroxide by volume concentration, then digging a plurality of culture ponds in an area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the polluted soil is used as a pond wall of each culture pond, the thickness of the pond wall is 5cm, the depth of each culture pond is 1m, the area of each culture pond is 30 mu, the plurality of culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond wall on the opposite sides of each culture pond and are positioned at the bottom of each culture pond, and the inclination angles between the plurality of culture ponds and a horizontal plane are gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located;
step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of the plurality of culture ponds until the water in the culture ponds reaches 1/2 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then adopting running water circulation to culture;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond;
fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 15 thousands/mu, and feeding feed twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 100 kilograms/mu each time, and the feed contains astaxanthin;
fifthly, culturing for 2 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow; the crayfish is young and tender, and the shell and the viscera accumulate little toxin.
Sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 2 times again;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Example 2
A method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 50cm, then rinsing the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing 5% by volume of hydrogen peroxide, then digging a plurality of culture ponds in the area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the polluted soil is used as a pond wall of each culture pond, the thickness of the pond wall is 15cm, the depth of each culture pond is 2m, the area of each culture pond is 40 mu, the culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, and the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond walls on the opposite sides of the culture ponds and are positioned at the bottom of the culture ponds. From the area where the polluted soil is located, the inclination angles between the plurality of culture ponds and the horizontal plane are gradually reduced from one end to the other end;
step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of the plurality of culture ponds until the water in the culture ponds reaches 3/4 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then adopting running water circulation to culture;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond;
fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 30 thousands per mu, and feeding feed twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 150 kilograms per mu, and the feed contains astaxanthin;
fifthly, culturing for 4 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 3 times again;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Example 3
A method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 31cm, then washing the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing 2% by volume of hydrogen peroxide, then digging a plurality of culture ponds in the area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the polluted soil is used as a pond wall of each culture pond, the thickness of the pond wall is 5cm, the depth of each culture pond is 1m, the area of each culture pond is 31 mu, the plurality of culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond wall on the opposite sides of each culture pond and are positioned at the bottom of each culture pond, and the inclination angle between each culture pond and the horizontal plane is gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located; all first and second opening between breed the pond all communicates the setting, first and second opening part all is provided with the filter screen, the aperture of filter screen is not more than 50 meshes. When the soil is washed, 4L of contaminated soil per square meter is washed. The included angle between the culture pond and the horizontal plane is alpha which is 5.5 degrees.
Step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of the plurality of culture ponds until the water in the culture ponds reaches 1/2 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then adopting running water circulation to culture;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond; the algae plant is one or more of thallus Porphyrae, Eucheuma Gelatinosum, Sargassum thunbergii, Undaria Pinnatifida, Pinus sylvestris and Ulva lactuca.
Fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 16 thousands/mu, and feeding the crayfish seedlings twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 110 kg/mu each time, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of astaxanthin, 15 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of wormcast, 3 parts of microalgae extract, 4 parts of liquorice, 3 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of folium isatidis powder and 10 parts of fresh vegetable leaf powder, wherein the folium isatidis powder and the fresh vegetable leaf powder are corresponding plant fresh leaf powder.
Fifthly, culturing for 2 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 2 times again;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Example 4
A method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 35cm, then washing the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide with the volume concentration of 3%, then digging a plurality of culture ponds in the area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the polluted soil is used as a pond wall of each culture pond, the thickness of the pond wall is 8cm, the depth of each culture pond is 2m, the area of each culture pond is 34 mu, the plurality of culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond wall on the opposite sides of each culture pond and are positioned at the bottom of each culture pond, and the inclination angles between the plurality of culture ponds and the horizontal plane are gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located; all first and second opening between breed the pond all communicates the setting, first and second opening part all is provided with the filter screen, the aperture of filter screen is not more than 50 meshes. And when the soil is leached, 4-6L of contaminated soil per square meter is leached. The included angle between the culture pond and the horizontal plane is alpha, and alpha is 9.5 degrees.
Step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of the plurality of culture ponds until the water in the culture ponds reaches 1/2 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then adopting running water circulation to culture;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond; the algae plant is thallus Porphyrae, Eucheuma Gelatinosum, and Sargassum thunbergii.
Fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 18 thousands/mu, and feeding the crayfish seedlings twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 120 kg/mu each time, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: the feed comprises 7 parts of astaxanthin, 17 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of wormcast, 5 parts of microalgae extract, 6 parts of liquorice, 6 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of folium isatidis powder and 12 parts of fresh vegetable leaf powder, wherein the folium isatidis powder and the fresh vegetable leaf powder are corresponding plant fresh leaf powder.
Fifthly, culturing for 3 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 3 times again;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Example 5
A method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 40cm, then rinsing the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide with the volume concentration of 4%, then digging a plurality of culture ponds in the area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the polluted soil is used as a pond wall of each culture pond, the thickness of the pond wall is 10cm, the depth of each culture pond is 2m, the area of each culture pond is 36 mu, the culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond wall on the opposite sides of each culture pond and are positioned at the bottom of each culture pond, and the inclination angles between the culture ponds and the horizontal plane are gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located; all first and second opening between breed the pond all communicates the setting, first and second opening part all is provided with the filter screen, the aperture of filter screen is not more than 50 meshes. When the soil is washed, 5L of contaminated soil per square meter is washed. The included angle between the culture pond and the horizontal plane is alpha, and alpha is 8.5 degrees.
Step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of the plurality of culture ponds until the water in the culture ponds reaches 3/4 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then adopting running water circulation to culture;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond; the algae plant is Undaria pinnatifida, Pinus sylvestris and Ulva lactuca.
Fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 25 ten thousand per mu, and feeding feed twice every day, wherein the feeding amount is 130 kg per mu, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of astaxanthin, 18 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of wormcast, 4 parts of microalgae extract, 7 parts of liquorice, 7 parts of chicken manure, 18 parts of folium isatidis powder and 14 parts of fresh vegetable leaf powder, wherein the folium isatidis powder and the fresh vegetable leaf powder are corresponding plant fresh leaf powder.
Fifthly, culturing for 4 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 2 times again;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Example 6
A method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 48cm, then washing the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing 4.5% by volume of hydrogen peroxide, then digging a plurality of culture ponds in the area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the polluted soil is used as a pond wall of each culture pond, the thickness of the pond wall is 13cm, the depth of each culture pond is 2m, the area of each culture pond is 38 mu, the culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond walls on the opposite sides of the culture ponds and are located at the bottom of the culture ponds, and the inclination angles between the culture ponds and the horizontal plane are gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located; all first and second opening between breed the pond all communicates the setting, first and second opening part all is provided with the filter screen, the aperture of filter screen is not more than 50 meshes. When the soil is washed, 6L of polluted soil per square meter is washed. The included angle between the culture pond and the horizontal plane is alpha, and alpha is 7 degrees.
Step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of the plurality of culture ponds until the water in the culture ponds reaches 3/4 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then adopting running water circulation to culture;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond; the algae plant is Undaria pinnatifida and Ulva lactuca.
Fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 25 ten thousand per mu, and feeding feed twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 140 kg per mu, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of astaxanthin, 15-20 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of wormcast, 7 parts of microalgae extract, 9 parts of liquorice, 7 parts of chicken manure, 19 parts of folium isatidis powder and 12 parts of fresh vegetable leaf powder, wherein the folium isatidis powder and the fresh vegetable leaf powder are corresponding plant fresh leaf powder.
Fifthly, culturing for 2.5 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 2 times again;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Example 7
A method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 50cm, then washing the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing 5% by volume of hydrogen peroxide, then digging a plurality of culture ponds in the area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the polluted soil is used as a pond wall of each culture pond, the thickness of the pond wall is 15cm, the depth of each culture pond is 2m, the area of each culture pond is 40 mu, the plurality of culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond wall on the opposite sides of each culture pond and are positioned at the bottom of each culture pond, and the inclination angle between each culture pond and the horizontal plane is gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located; all first and second opening between breed the pond all communicates the setting, first and second opening part all is provided with the filter screen, the aperture of filter screen is not more than 50 meshes. When the soil is washed, 6L of polluted soil per square meter is washed. The included angle between the culture pond and the horizontal plane is alpha, and alpha is 6 degrees.
Step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of the plurality of culture ponds until the water in the culture ponds reaches 3/4 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then adopting running water circulation to culture;
step three, transplanting algae plants into the culture pond; the algae plant is Sargassum thunbergii, Pinus sylvestris and Ulva lactuca.
Fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 30 thousands/mu, and feeding the crayfish seedlings twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 150 kg/mu each time, and the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of astaxanthin, 20 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of wormcast, 8 parts of microalgae extract, 10 parts of liquorice, 8 parts of chicken manure, 20 parts of folium isatidis powder and 15 parts of vegetable fresh leaf powder, wherein the folium isatidis powder and the vegetable fresh leaf powder are corresponding plant fresh leaf powder.
Fifthly, culturing for 4 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 3 times again;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
Comparative example
In a traditional mode, in-situ treatment modes such as chemical reagent leaching and the like are mostly adopted, the treatment modes are pure investment and consumption type treatment modes, the effect is slow, the investment is large, and the leached chemical reagent is not easy to collect, secondary damage is caused to the environment and the like.
The number of modules and the processing scale described herein are intended to simplify the description of the invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the method for remediating contaminated soil using crayfish breeding according to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
As described above, according to the present invention, since crayfish is cultivated in the area where the contaminated soil is located, the area of the contaminated soil is purified to be used for a planting site or other purposes, in-situ treatment of the contaminated soil is achieved, and crayfish cultivation is also achieved.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A method for restoring polluted soil by utilizing a crayfish breeding mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, turning and cultivating polluted soil, wherein the turning depth is 30-50 cm, then leaching the polluted soil by using aqueous solution containing 2-5% of hydrogen peroxide by volume concentration, then digging a plurality of culture ponds in an area where the polluted soil is located, wherein the culture ponds use the polluted soil as pond walls, the thickness of the pond walls is 5-15 cm, the depth of each culture pond is 1-2 m, the area of each culture pond is 30-40 mu, the culture ponds are adjacent to each other, each culture pond is provided with a first opening and a second opening, the first opening and the second opening are arranged on the pond walls on the opposite sides of the culture ponds and are positioned at the bottom of the culture ponds, the inclination angle between each culture pond and a horizontal plane is gradually reduced from one end to the other end in the area where the polluted soil is located, and the polluted soil is leached per square meter by 4-6L, the included angle between the culture ponds and the horizontal plane is alpha, alpha is more than 5 degrees and less than 10 degrees, the first opening and the second opening between the culture ponds are communicated, filter screens are arranged at the first opening and the second opening, and the aperture of each filter screen is not more than 50 meshes;
step two, injecting culture water into the culture ponds from one end of each of the culture ponds until the water reaches 1/2-3/4 of the depth of the culture ponds, and then performing culture by adopting running water circulation;
transplanting algae plants into the culture pond, wherein the algae plants are any one or more of laver, agar, sargassum thunbergii, undaria pinnatifida, sea pine and ulva;
fourthly, feeding crayfish seedlings into the culture pond according to the culture density of 15-30 ten thousand per mu, and feeding the crayfish seedlings twice a day, wherein the feeding amount is 100-150 kg per mu, and the feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of astaxanthin, 15-20 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of wormcast, 3-8 parts of microalgae extract, 4-10 parts of liquorice, 3-8 parts of chicken manure, 10-20 parts of folium isatidis powder and 10-15 parts of fresh vegetable leaf powder, wherein the folium isatidis powder and the fresh vegetable leaf powder are corresponding plant fresh leaf powder;
fifthly, culturing for 2-4 months, and fishing out the crayfish seedlings after the crayfish seedlings grow;
sixthly, repeating the second step to the fifth step, and breeding the crayfishes for 2-3 times;
and seventhly, discharging the culture water in the culture pond, then, pushing the culture pond to be leveled up again, and repeating the steps from one step to six until the content of the heavy metal in the area of the polluted soil is reduced to meet the corresponding national standard.
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| CN103103960A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 重庆绿融环保科技有限公司 | Integrated method of lake water environment management |
| CN104259192A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-07 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Ecological water conservancy restoration system and method for heavy metal polluted farmland soil |
| CN104668282A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-06-03 | 利川铭锐生物科技有限公司 | Repairing method for soil for cultivating organic agricultural products |
| CN105772500A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-07-20 | 四川新隆农业科技有限公司 | Remediation method for soil contaminated by heavy metal |
| WO2016134036A1 (en) * | 2015-02-18 | 2016-08-25 | P-Pod Technologies, LLC | Submersible isolation enclosure apparatus |
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| CN103103960A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 重庆绿融环保科技有限公司 | Integrated method of lake water environment management |
| CN104259192A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-07 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Ecological water conservancy restoration system and method for heavy metal polluted farmland soil |
| CN104668282A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-06-03 | 利川铭锐生物科技有限公司 | Repairing method for soil for cultivating organic agricultural products |
| WO2016134036A1 (en) * | 2015-02-18 | 2016-08-25 | P-Pod Technologies, LLC | Submersible isolation enclosure apparatus |
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