CN107476791A - A kind of shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun - Google Patents
A kind of shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN107476791A CN107476791A CN201610397634.4A CN201610397634A CN107476791A CN 107476791 A CN107476791 A CN 107476791A CN 201610397634 A CN201610397634 A CN 201610397634A CN 107476791 A CN107476791 A CN 107476791A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun, belongs to oil gas field volume increase development field.This method includes：S1, ask for horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress, longitudinal profile of geostress and geology dessert and engineering dessert；S2, primarily determine that cluster perforating parameter；S3, optimize cluster perforating parameter；S4, carried out on the perforating and fracturing position that S3 is determined along the perforation in horizontal wellbore circumference, so, perforation eye is distributed on the circumference of a plane；S5, different perforation clusters use variable density perforation：If big along the profile of geostress difference of horizontal wellbore, variable density perforation is used in different perforation clusters；S6, if the shale crustal stress at certain perforation cluster present position is high, then increase in the circumferential perforation herein quantity and/or expand aperture, it is on the contrary then reduce perforation quantity and/or reduced bore, with ensure each shower hole can uniformly feed liquor and acquisition identical fracture length.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil gas field to increase production development field, and in particular to a kind of shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well becomes
Density Cluster perforating methods and perforating gun, suitable for unconventional shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density shower hole
Operation.
Background technology
In shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well, the optimization design of cluster perforating parameter is most important.Current cluster
Perforation optimization is concentrated mainly on long cluster spacing, cluster, every section of total perforation number and perforation diameter, orientation and penetrates depth
Degree etc., and cluster perforating modes continue to use substantially straight well it is conventional along the rotating perforating modes of horizontal wellbore axial screw.
The cluster perforating modes and parameter optimization technique obtain substantial amounts of successful application in the practice of shale gas pressure break, right
The crack complexity degree and transformation volume of shale gas are improved, played an important role.
But there is also following problem for above-mentioned cluster Perforation Optimum Technology：
(1) cluster is long and shot density is identical, it is difficult to ensures that the reservoir at per shower hole is uniformly transformed.By
In on the flow direction along fracturing fluid, the first cluster crack preferentially obtains the implanter meeting of fracturing fluid, and other clusters split
Even if seam assumes reservoir homogeneous, the transformation degree per cluster crack is also different, and some cluster fracture extensions are longer, have
It is then shorter.
(2) aperture and to wear the parameter such as deep also essentially identical.The stress at horizontal wellbore diverse location is not accounted for
The difference of transitivity etc..In fact, stress is big, the position of poor properties, it should suitably increase aperture and penetrate
Depth, to ensure that it obtains enough the intensity of rebuilding.
(3) perforating modes are substantially spiral perforation, it is difficult to fully ensure that fracturing fluid is concentrated and enter stratum, go out
Existing cracky probability is very big, especially when the anisotropism of shale is weaker, how many possible perforation
Eye is with regard to how many multiple cracking, and in this case, each crack only has an eyelet feed liquor, it is difficult to ensures
Follow-up abundant transformation and smooth plus sand.
(4) cluster line space design is initially to be uniformly distributed, and is then transitioned into non-uniform Distribution, is all respectively had biased.
The distribution characteristics for not accounting for geology dessert and engineering dessert is uniformly distributed, and non-uniform Distribution then can not profit
Disturbed with the induced stress in crack between adjacent cluster, it is unfavorable to the complexity degree in raising crack.
Therefore, it is necessary to which a kind of new variable element cluster perforating technology, to solve above-mentioned limitation, ensures all clusters
Uniformly crack initiation and extension crack, the design of all perforation clusters it can will ensure that the pressure at horizontal wellbore is passed through
Pressure value after eyelet is equal or close to equal, as certain cluster shale crustal stress is high, should suitably increase shot density,
On the contrary then appropriate reduction, to ensure the uniform feed liquor of each shower hole energy and obtain essentially identical fracture length.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve problem present in above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of shale gas is horizontal
Well staged fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun, optimization shower hole various parameters improve fracturing fracture
Complexity, fracturing yield increasing effect is improved, makes each cluster crack be equalized transforming.According to reservoir properties difference,
It is preferred that suitable perforation diameter and penetration depth, to ensure that it obtains enough the intensity of rebuilding.Optimize perforation cloth
Hole mode is fully transformed and smoothly adds sand, and optimization cluster line space design improves the complexity and fracturing yield increasing in crack
Effect.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods, including：
S1, ask for horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress, longitudinal profile of geostress and geology dessert and engineering sweet tea
Point；
S2, primarily determine that cluster perforating parameter；
S3, optimize cluster perforating parameter：With reference to the double dessert evaluation results of geology and engineering, cluster spacing and each is adjusted
The position in shower hole, on the basis of ensureing that crack covers geology dessert and engineering dessert to greatest extent, make
The crack-induced stress interference highest between adjacent cluster is obtained, to realize the maximization of crack complexity degree；
S4, carry out along the perforation in horizontal wellbore circumference on the perforating and fracturing position that S3 is determined, so, penetrate
On the circumference of a plane, the crack of all perforation eyes can all enter in a fissure channel perforation distribution；
S5, different perforation clusters use variable density perforation：If big along the profile of geostress difference of horizontal wellbore,
Variable density perforation is used in different perforation clusters；
S6, if shale crustal stress at certain perforation cluster present position is high, increase penetrating herein in the circumferential
The quantity in hole and/or expansion aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore, to ensure each shower
Hole can uniformly feed liquor and obtain identical fracture length.
What the S1 was realized in：
The profile of geostress along horizontal wellbore direction is asked for according to conventional geologic logging, well logging and core experiment
With longitudinal profile of geostress data, geology dessert and engineering dessert are then found out.
What the S2 was realized in：
Using the integrated approach of seepage flow interference simulation and induced stress interference simulation primarily determine that segments, every section
Shower hole number and cluster spacing, and then determine perforating and fracturing position.
What the S3 was realized in：
If the perforating and fracturing position determined by S2 is not on geology dessert and engineering dessert position, this
Perforating site is adjusted on geology dessert and engineering dessert position or close to geology dessert and engineering dessert position
On.
What the S5 was realized in：
The difference of crustal stress is offset with the difference of Kong Zhaoxia, i.e., in the high place of crustal stress, is increased in the circumferential
Add the quantity of perforation and/or expand aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore are specific as follows：
The easily upper Yan Chu in crack, increase the quantity of downward perforation in the circumferential and/or expand aperture, it is on the contrary then increase
Add the quantity of upward perforation and/or expand aperture；
If well left or right side is near close to tomography, quantity and/or the reduced bore of perforation are reduced in the circumferential.
A kind of perforating gun for realizing the shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods, including it is stifled
Head, outer cover, cartridge clip, perforating bullet and fuse；
Cartridge clip is installed in the outer cover, circumferentially distributed perforation is provided with the wall of the cartridge clip；
Perforating bullet is installed, perforating bullet is connected with fuse in perforation；
The plug is arranged on one end of outer cover, and cartridge clip is fixed in outer cover.
The perforation is uniform in the circumferential or non-uniform Distribution.
The perforating bullet uses superelevation cumulative bullet.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Pass through the variable density cluster perforation optimization of the present invention
Technology makes each cluster crack be equalized transforming.According to reservoir properties difference, preferably suitable perforation diameter and wear
Saturating depth, it ensure that it obtains enough the intensity of rebuilding.Optimization perforation pattern is fully transformed and smoothly added
Sand, ensure that each shower hole can the uniform feed liquor fracture length essentially identical with acquisition.Newly-designed perforating gun is expired
Foot perforation requirement.Optimize complexity and fracturing yield increasing effect that cluster line space design improves crack, have very
Strong application value.
Brief description of the drawings
The circumferential equidistantly perforating gun partial elevation views of Fig. 1
The circumferential equidistantly perforating gun partial side views of Fig. 2.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The invention reside in providing a kind of shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun,
Optimize the complexity that shower hole various parameters improve fracturing fracture, improve fracturing yield increasing effect.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes follows the steps below：
(1) optimize perforating modes, the spiral distribution perforation that will be used at present, be changed to a certain along horizontal wellbore
Opening position is (according to reservoir geology and the double preferable perforating and fracturing positions of dessert of engineering.) circumferential perforation, so,
The crack of all perforation eyes can all enter in a fissure channel, moreover, even if horizontal wellbore direction and minimum
Horizontal principal stress direction is inconsistent, will not also change the result that institute's perforation fracturing fluid enters a major fracture,
Now at most some crack tortuosity frictional resistances, and be the crack tortuosity frictional resistance of nearly well, can pass through proppant
Slug technology is polished to eliminate it.
(2) on the basis of (1), the week in some position of horizontal wellbore is inside, also using variable density
Perforating technology." some position " includes：The easily upper Yan Chu in crack, it is close can suitably to increase downward perforation
Degree or aperture, it is on the contrary then suitably increase upward shot density and aperture.Similarly, such as well left or right side
It is near close to tomography, the fracture length of the direction should be reduced, then can suitably reduce shot density in this direction or
Aperture etc..
(3) on the basis of (1) and (2), to ensure that all clusters uniformly crack initiation and can extend crack,
The design of all perforation clusters will ensure that pressure value of the pressure after eyelet at horizontal wellbore is equal or close
It is equal, such as certain cluster shale crustal stress height, it should suitably increase shot density, on the contrary then appropriate reduction, to ensure
Each shower hole can the uniform feed liquor fracture length essentially identical with acquisition.
One embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps that：
S1, ask for the double desserts of horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress, longitudinal profile of geostress and Geological Engineering.
Being asked for according to the methods of conventional geologic logging, well logging and core experiment should along the ground in horizontal wellbore direction
Power section and longitudinal profile of geostress data.Geology dessert and engineering dessert are found out according to current maturation method.
S2, primarily determine that cluster perforating parameter.
According to more ripe at present method (as using the comprehensive of seepage flow interference simulation and induced stress interference simulation
Conjunction method) preliminary optimization determines to include the parameters such as segments, every section of shower hole number and cluster spacing.
S3, optimize cluster perforating parameter.
On the basis of step S2, with reference to the double dessert evaluation results of geology and engineering, it is appropriate adjust cluster spacing and
The position in each shower hole, i.e., if the perforating site determined by S2 is not in geology and the double dessert positions of engineering,
With regard to needing the perforating site to be adjusted on double dessert positions or on double dessert positions.So, ensureing
Crack covers geology to greatest extent and on the basis of the double desserts of engineering, the crack-induced stress between adjacent cluster is done
Disturb and of a relatively high to realize the maximization of crack complexity degree, so as to realize effect after optimal pressure.
S4, carry out can circumferential perforation perforating system design.Perforation eye is distributed on the circumference of a plane,
Can equidistantly it be uniformly distributed, it is also contemplated that fracture extension characteristic uses non-homogeneous line space design.Conventional 5
It is 108 perforating guns that maximum perforating gun is commonly used in 1/2 " well, and eye diameter 8-12mm designs are penetrated in consideration, then
Maximum perforation quantity is that shot density can determine that in one planar circumferential.
Wherein the body of a gun structure of 6 perforating bullets of circumferential equidistantly installation as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, including plug 1,
Outer cover 2, cartridge clip 3, perforating bullet 4 and fuse 5, cartridge clip 3 is installed in the outer cover 2, in the bullet
It is provided with perforation in circumference on the wall of folder 3, perforation is uniform in the circumferential or non-homogeneous spacing, pacifies in perforation
Equipped with perforating bullet 4, perforating bullet 4 is connected with fuse 5.Plug 1 is provided with one end of outer cover 2, plug 1 will
Cartridge clip is fixed in outer cover.The pattern of perforating gun of the present invention is circumferential perforation, and existing perforating gun is axle
To spiral perforation.The perforating bullet selects superelevation cumulative bullet, its small volume, energy height.Perforating depth reaches
More than 0.8 meter.
S5, different perforation clusters use variable density strategy perforation.
If differed greatly along the profile of geostress of horizontal wellbore, it is necessary to use variable density perforation in different perforation clusters
Strategy, appropriate adjustment is per the cluster parameter such as perforating gun structure and bullet type, it is ensured that different cluster cracks obtain almost
Identical discharge capacity and pressure break liquid measure require so as to obtain close to equal seam length and flow conductivity etc..Rubbed with eyelet
The difference of resistance offsets the difference of crustal stress, the high place of crustal stress, increases eyelet quantity and/or expands aperture,
On the contrary then reduction eyelet quantity and/or reduced bore.Specifically, cluster just refers to multiple in a circumference
Perforation, there is cluster perforation on a perforating gun, multiple different perforating guns are installed according to actual conditions in well.
S6, it is such as close or equal along the crustal stress of horizontal wellbore, but the geology dessert and engineering dessert of indivedual clusters
It is very high to need to add massive hydraulic fracture, then it can suitably increase the shot density (week of the cluster by method same S5
To more arrangement perforating bullets) or hole diameter enlargement etc., to ensure the maximization of yield after pressing.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art,
On the basis of the invention discloses application process and principle, it is easy to various types of improvement or deformation are made,
The method described by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is not limited solely to, therefore previously described mode is
Preferably, not restrictive meaning.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods, it is characterised in that：Methods described includes：S1, ask for horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress, longitudinal profile of geostress and geology dessert and engineering sweet tea Point；S2, primarily determine that cluster perforating parameter；S3, optimize cluster perforating parameter：With reference to the double dessert evaluation results of geology and engineering, cluster spacing and each is adjusted The position in shower hole, on the basis of ensureing that crack covers geology dessert and engineering dessert to greatest extent, make The crack-induced stress interference highest between adjacent cluster is obtained, to realize the maximization of crack complexity degree；S4, carry out along the perforation in horizontal wellbore circumference on the perforating and fracturing position that S3 is determined, so, penetrate On the circumference of a plane, the crack of all perforation eyes can all enter in a fissure channel perforation distribution；S5, different perforation clusters use variable density perforation：If big along the profile of geostress difference of horizontal wellbore, Variable density perforation is used in different perforation clusters；S6, if shale crustal stress at certain perforation cluster present position is high, increase penetrating herein in the circumferential The quantity in hole and/or expansion aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore, to ensure each shower Hole can uniformly feed liquor and obtain identical fracture length.
- 2. shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods according to claim 1, its feature exist In：What the S1 was realized in：The profile of geostress along horizontal wellbore direction is asked for according to conventional geologic logging, well logging and core experiment With longitudinal profile of geostress data, geology dessert and engineering dessert are then found out.
- 3. shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods according to claim 2, its feature exist In：What the S2 was realized in：Using the integrated approach of seepage flow interference simulation and induced stress interference simulation primarily determine that segments, every section Shower hole number and cluster spacing, and then determine perforating and fracturing position.
- 4. shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods according to claim 3, its feature exist In：What the S3 was realized in：If the perforating and fracturing position determined by S2 is not on geology dessert and engineering dessert position, this Perforating site is adjusted on geology dessert and engineering dessert position or close to geology dessert and engineering dessert position On.
- 5. shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods according to claim 4, its feature exist In：What the S5 was realized in：The difference of crustal stress is offset with the difference of Kong Zhaoxia, i.e., in the high place of crustal stress, is increased in the circumferential Add the quantity of perforation and/or expand aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore are specific as follows：The easily upper Yan Chu in crack, increase the quantity of downward perforation in the circumferential and/or expand aperture, it is on the contrary then increase Add the quantity of upward perforation and/or expand aperture；If well left or right side is near close to tomography, quantity and/or the reduced bore of perforation are reduced in the circumferential.
- 6. one kind realizes any shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods of claim 1 to 5 Perforating gun, it is characterised in that：The perforating gun includes plug, outer cover, cartridge clip, perforating bullet and fuse；Cartridge clip is installed in the outer cover, circumferentially distributed perforation is provided with the wall of the cartridge clip； Perforating bullet is installed, perforating bullet is connected with fuse in perforation；The plug is arranged on one end of outer cover, and cartridge clip is fixed in outer cover.
- 7. perforating gun according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The perforation is uniform or non-equal in the circumferential Even distribution.
- 8. the shale gas staged fracturing of horizontal well variable density cluster perforating methods according to claim 6 or 7, it is special Sign is：The perforating bullet uses superelevation cumulative bullet.
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| CN110984943A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-04-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Limit clustering perforation fracturing method for long horizontal well of compact reservoir |
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| CN112836446A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-25 | 重庆科技学院 | Cluster flow-limiting hole distribution optimization design method for horizontal well of tight reservoir |
| CN112836446B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-04-26 | 重庆科技学院 | Cluster flow-limiting hole distribution optimization design method for horizontal well of tight reservoir |
| CN112983379A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-18 | 华美孚泰油气增产技术服务有限责任公司 | Method for controlling shale gas well balanced fracturing reformation |
| CN115266782A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-11-01 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Method for evaluating unconventional reservoir dual desserts based on dual-energy CT technology |
| US11734914B1 (en) | 2022-09-27 | 2023-08-22 | Institute Of Geology And Geophysics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Method for evaluating geological and engineering sweet spots in unconventional reservoirs based on dual-energy computed tomography (CT) |
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