CN107476791B - A kind of shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun - Google Patents
A kind of shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011850 desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating guns, belong to oil gas field volume increase development field.This method comprises: S1, seeks horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress, longitudinal profile of geostress and geology dessert and engineering dessert；S2 primarily determines cluster perforating parameter；S3 optimizes cluster perforating parameter；S4 carries out the perforation in horizontal wellbore circumferential direction, in this way, perforation eye is distributed on the circumference of a plane on the perforating and fracturing position that S3 is determined；S5, different perforation clusters use variable density perforation: if the profile of geostress difference along horizontal wellbore is big, using variable density perforation in different perforation clusters；S6, if the shale crustal stress at certain perforation cluster present position is high, then increase the quantity of perforation herein in the circumferential and/or expand aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore, to guarantee that each shower hole being capable of uniform feed liquor and the identical fracture length of acquisition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil gas fields to increase production development field, and in particular to a kind of shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster
Perforating methods and perforating gun are suitable for unconventional shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating job.
Background technique
In shale gas horizontal well fracturing, the optimization design of cluster perforating parameter is most important.Current shower hole is excellent
Change and is concentrated mainly on cluster spacing, cluster length, every section of total perforation number and perforation diameter, orientation and penetration depth etc., and shower hole
Mode continues to use straight well commonly along the rotating perforating modes of horizontal wellbore axial screw substantially.The cluster perforating modes and parameter optimization technique
A large amount of successful application is obtained in the practice of shale gas pressure break, to the crack complexity degree and variant for improving shale gas
Product, played an important role.
But there is also following problems for above-mentioned cluster Perforation Optimum Technology:
(1) cluster is long and shot density is identical, it is difficult to guarantee that the reservoir at every shower hole is uniformly transformed.Due to along pressure break
On the flow direction of liquid, the first cluster crack preferentially obtains the implanter meeting of fracturing fluid, even if reservoir homogeneous is assumed in other cluster cracks,
The transformation degree in every cluster crack is also different, and some cluster fracture extensions are longer, and some is then shorter.
(2) aperture and to wear the parameters such as deep also essentially identical.The stress transitivity at horizontal wellbore different location is not accounted for
Deng difference.In fact, stress is big, the position of physical property difference should suitably increase aperture and penetration depth, to guarantee that it obtains foot
Enough the intensity of rebuilding.
(3) perforating modes are substantially spiral perforation, it is difficult to fully ensure that fracturing fluid is concentrated and enter stratum, multiple cracking occur
Probability it is very big, especially when the heterogeneity of shale is weaker, how many possible perforation eye with regard to how many multiple cracking,
In this case, only one eyelet feed liquor of each crack, it is difficult to guarantee subsequent abundant transformation and smoothly add sand.
(4) cluster line space design is initially to be uniformly distributed, and is then transitioned into non-uniform Distribution, is all respectively had biased.It is uniformly distributed
Do not account for the distribution characteristics of geology dessert Yu engineering dessert, and non-uniform Distribution cannot then be lured using crack between adjacent cluster
Stress interference is led, it is unfavorable to the complexity degree for improving crack.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of new variable element cluster perforating technologies to guarantee that all clusters can be uniform to solve above-mentioned limitation
Crack initiation and extension crack, the design of all perforation clusters will guarantee that pressure value of the pressure after eyelet at horizontal wellbore is equal
Or close to equal, if certain cluster shale crustal stress is high, it should suitably increase shot density, on the contrary then appropriate reduction, to guarantee each shower
It hole can the uniform feed liquor fracture length essentially identical with acquisition.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned problem existing in the prior art, a kind of shale gas horizontal well in segments is provided
Pressure break variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun, optimization shower hole various parameters improve the complexity of fracturing fracture, improve pressure
Effect of increasing production is split, each cluster crack is made to be equalized transformation.According to reservoir properties difference, preferably suitable perforation diameter and depth is penetrated
Degree, to guarantee that it obtains enough the intensity of rebuilding.Sand is sufficiently transformed and is smoothly added to optimization perforation pattern, and optimization cluster spacing is set
Meter improves the complexity and fracturing yield increasing effect in crack.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods, comprising:
S1 seeks horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress, longitudinal profile of geostress and geology dessert and engineering dessert；
S2 primarily determines cluster perforating parameter；
S3 optimizes cluster perforating parameter: in conjunction with the double dessert evaluation results of geology and engineering, adjusting cluster spacing and each shower hole
Position, on the basis of guaranteeing that crack covers geology dessert and engineering dessert to the maximum extent, so that the crack between adjacent cluster lures
Stress interference highest is led, to realize the maximization of crack complexity degree；
S4 carries out the perforation in horizontal wellbore circumferential direction, in this way, penetrating perforation distribution on the perforating and fracturing position that S3 is determined
On the circumference of a plane, the crack of all perforation eyes can all enter in a fissure channel；
S5, different perforation clusters use variable density perforation: if the profile of geostress difference along horizontal wellbore is big, penetrating in difference
Hole cluster uses variable density perforation；
S6 increases the number of perforation herein if the shale crustal stress at certain perforation cluster present position is high in the circumferential
Amount and/or expand aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore, with guarantee each shower hole can uniformly feed liquor with
Obtain identical fracture length.
The S1 is achieved in that
Profile of geostress and longitudinal direction along horizontal wellbore direction are sought according to conventional geologic logging, well logging and core experiment
Then profile of geostress data finds out geology dessert and engineering dessert.
The S2 is achieved in that
Segments, every section of shower hole are primarily determined using the integrated approach of seepage flow interference simulation and induced stress interference simulation
Quantity and cluster spacing, and then determine perforating and fracturing position.
The S3 is achieved in that
If the perforating and fracturing position determined by S2 is not on geology dessert and engineering dessert position, the perforation position
It sets and is adjusted on geology dessert and engineering dessert position or on geology dessert and engineering dessert position.
The S5 is achieved in that
The difference of crustal stress is offset with the difference of Kong Zhaoxia, i.e., place high in crustal stress increases perforation in the circumferential
Quantity and/or expand aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore are specific as follows:
The easily upper Yan Chu in crack, increases the quantity of downward perforation in the circumferential and/or expands aperture, on the contrary then increase is upwards
Perforation quantity and/or expand aperture；
If wellbore left or right side is close close to tomography, quantity and/or the reduced bore of perforation are reduced in the circumferential.
A kind of perforating gun for realizing the shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods, including it is plug, outer
Cover, cartridge clip, perforating bullet and fuse；
Cartridge clip is installed in the outer cover, circumferentially distributed perforation is provided on the wall of the cartridge clip；In perforation
Perforating bullet is installed, perforating bullet is connect with fuse；
The plug is mounted on one end of outer cover, and cartridge clip is fixed in outer cover.
The perforation is evenly distributed in the circumferential or non-uniform Distribution.
The perforating bullet uses superelevation cumulative bullet.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: variable density cluster Perforation Optimum Technology through the invention makes
Each cluster crack is equalized transformation.According to reservoir properties difference, preferably suitable perforation diameter and penetration depth ensure that it is obtained
Enough to the intensity of rebuilding.Optimization perforation pattern sufficiently be transformed and smoothly plus sand, guarantee each shower hole can uniformly feed liquor with
Obtain essentially identical fracture length.Newly-designed perforating gun meets perforation requirement.Optimize cluster line space design and improves crack
Complexity and fracturing yield increasing effect have very strong application value.
Detailed description of the invention
The circumferential equidistant perforating gun partial elevation view of Fig. 1
The circumferential equidistant perforating gun partial side view of Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
The invention reside in a kind of shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods and perforating gun is provided, optimize cluster
Perforation various parameters improve the complexity of fracturing fracture, improve fracturing yield increasing effect.
The technical solution that the present invention takes follows the steps below:
(1) currently used spiral distribution perforation is changed to along a certain position of horizontal wellbore by optimization perforating modes
(according to reservoir geology and the double preferred perforating and fracturing positions of dessert of engineering.) circumferential perforation, in this way, the crack of all perforation eyes
It will enter in a fissure channel, moreover, even if horizontal wellbore direction and minimum horizontal principal stress direction are inconsistent, it will not
Change that institute's perforation fracturing fluid enters major fracture as a result, at most some crack tortuosity frictional resistances at this time, and is nearly well
Crack tortuosity frictional resistance, can be polished by Proppant Slugs Technique to eliminate it.
(2) on the basis of (1), the week in some position of horizontal wellbore is inside, also uses the perforating technology of variable density.Institute
Stating " some position " includes: the easily upper Yan Chu in crack, can suitably increase downward shot density or aperture, it is on the contrary then suitably increase to
On shot density and aperture.Similarly, as wellbore left or right side is close close to tomography, the fracture length of the direction should be reduced, then
Shot density or aperture etc. in this direction can suitably be reduced.
(3) on the basis of (1) and (2), to guarantee that all clusters uniformly crack initiation and can extend crack, all perforation clusters
Design will guarantee that pressure value of the pressure after eyelet at horizontal wellbore is equal or close to equal, such as certain cluster shale crustal stress
Height should suitably increase shot density, on the contrary then appropriate reduction, to guarantee the uniform feed liquor of each shower hole energy and obtain essentially identical
Fracture length.
Specific step is as follows for one embodiment of the invention:
S1 seeks horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress, longitudinal profile of geostress and the double desserts of Geological Engineering.
The profile of geostress along horizontal wellbore direction is sought according to conventional the methods of geologic logging, well logging and core experiment
With longitudinal profile of geostress data.Geology dessert and engineering dessert are found out according to current maturation method.
S2 primarily determines cluster perforating parameter.
According to method (the synthesis side as used seepage flow interference simulation and induced stress interference simulation more mature at present
Method) tentatively optimize determine to include the parameters such as segments, every section of shower hole number and cluster spacing.
S3 optimizes cluster perforating parameter.
On the basis of step S2, in conjunction with geology and the double dessert evaluation results of engineering, appropriate adjustment cluster spacing and each shower
The position in hole, i.e., if the perforating site determined by S2 is not in geology and the double dessert positions of engineering, it is necessary to the perforation
Position is adjusted on double dessert positions or on double dessert positions.In this way, guarantee crack cover to the maximum extent geology with
On the basis of the double desserts of engineering, the crack-induced stress interference between adjacent cluster is again relatively high to realize crack complexity degree
It maximizes, to realize effect after optimal pressure.
S4, carry out can circumferential perforation perforating system design.Perforation eye is distributed on the circumference of a plane, between can waiting
Away from being uniformly distributed, also it is contemplated that fracture extension characteristic uses non-homogeneous line space design.Maximum is commonly used in conventional 51/2 " wellbore to penetrate
Hole rifle is 108 perforating guns, and eye diameter 8-12mm design is penetrated in consideration, then maximum perforation quantity, that is, perforation in a planar circumferential
Density can determine.
Wherein the body of a gun structure of 6 perforating bullets of circumferential equidistantly installation is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, including plug 1, outer cover 2,
Cartridge clip 3, perforating bullet 4 and fuse 5 are equipped with cartridge clip 3 in the outer cover 2, are provided with penetrating in circumferential direction on the wall of the cartridge clip 3
Hole, perforation is evenly distributed in the circumferential or non-homogeneous spacing, perforating bullet 4 is equipped in perforation, perforating bullet 4 is connect with fuse 5.Outside
One end of cover 2 is equipped with plug 1, and cartridge clip is fixed in outer cover by plug 1.The pattern of perforating gun of the present invention is circumferential perforation,
And existing perforating gun is the rotating perforation of axial screw.The perforating bullet selects superelevation cumulative bullet, small in size, and energy is high.Perforation is deep
Degree is up to 0.8 meter or more.
S5, different perforation clusters use variable density strategy perforation.
If the profile of geostress along horizontal wellbore differs greatly, need to use variable density perforation strategy in different perforation clusters,
Appropriate adjustment every cluster parameters such as perforating gun structure and bullet type, it is ensured that different cluster cracks obtain almost the same discharge capacity and pressure break
Liquid measure requires to obtain close to equal seam length and flow conductivity etc..The difference of crustal stress is offset with the difference of Kong Zhaoxia,
The high place of crustal stress increases eyelet quantity and/or expands aperture, on the contrary then reduce eyelet quantity and/or reduced bore.Specifically
For, cluster just refers to the multi-openings in a circumferential direction, has cluster perforation on a perforating gun, in well according to the actual situation
Multiple and different perforating guns is installed.
S6, it is such as close or equal along the crustal stress of horizontal wellbore, but the geology dessert of individual clusters and engineering dessert are very high
Need plus massive hydraulic fracture, then can suitably increase by the same method of S5 the cluster shot density (circumferential arrange perforating bullets) more or
Hole diameter enlargement etc., to guarantee the maximization of yield after pressing.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, at this
On the basis of disclosure of the invention application method and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, be not limited solely to this
Invent method described in above-mentioned specific embodiment, therefore previously described mode is only preferred, and and do not have limitation
The meaning of property.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods, it is characterised in that: the described method includes:
S1 seeks horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress, longitudinal profile of geostress and geology dessert and engineering dessert；
S2 primarily determines cluster perforating parameter；
S3 optimizes cluster perforating parameter: in conjunction with geology and the double dessert evaluation results of engineering, adjusting the position in cluster spacing and each shower hole
It sets, on the basis of guaranteeing that crack covers geology dessert and engineering dessert to the maximum extent, so that the crack-induced between adjacent cluster
Stress interferes highest, to realize the maximization of crack complexity degree；
S4 carries out the perforation in horizontal wellbore circumferential direction, in this way, perforation eye is distributed in one on the perforating and fracturing position that S3 is determined
On the circumference of a plane, the crack of all perforation eyes can all enter in a fissure channel；
S5, different perforation clusters use variable density perforation: if the profile of geostress difference along horizontal wellbore is big, in different perforation clusters
Using variable density perforation；
The S5 is achieved in that the difference that crustal stress is offset with the difference of Kong Zhaoxia, i.e., place high in crustal stress,
Increase the quantity of perforation in circumferential direction and/or expands aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore, it is specific as follows: to split
The easily upper Yan Chu of seam, increases the quantity of downward perforation in the circumferential and/or expands aperture, number that is on the contrary then increasing upward perforation
Amount and/or expansion aperture；If wellbore left or right side is close close to tomography, the quantity of perforation is reduced in the circumferential and/or reduces hole
Diameter；
S6, if the shale crustal stress at certain perforation cluster present position is high, increase in the circumferential perforation herein quantity and
Or expand aperture, quantity that is on the contrary then reducing perforation and/or reduced bore, to guarantee that each shower hole being capable of uniformly feed liquor and acquisition
Identical fracture length.
2. shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
S1 is achieved in that
According to conventional geologic logging, well logging and core experiment seek along horizontal wellbore direction profile of geostress and longitudinally answer
Then power sectional data finds out geology dessert and engineering dessert.
3. shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described
S2 is achieved in that
Segments, every section of shower hole number are primarily determined using the integrated approach of seepage flow interference simulation and induced stress interference simulation
And cluster spacing, and then determine perforating and fracturing position.
4. shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described
S3 is achieved in that
If the perforating and fracturing position determined by S2 is not on geology dessert and engineering dessert position, the perforating site tune
It is whole on geology dessert and engineering dessert position or on geology dessert and engineering dessert position.
5. a kind of perforation for realizing any shale gas horizontal well fracturing variable density cluster perforating methods of Claims 1-4
Rifle, it is characterised in that: the perforating gun includes plug, outer cover, cartridge clip, perforating bullet and fuse；
Cartridge clip is installed in the outer cover, circumferentially distributed perforation is provided on the wall of the cartridge clip；It is installed in perforation
There is perforating bullet, perforating bullet is connect with fuse；
The plug is mounted on one end of outer cover, and cartridge clip is fixed in outer cover.
6. perforating gun according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the perforation is evenly distributed in the circumferential or non-uniform Distribution.
7. perforating gun according to claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that: the perforating bullet uses superelevation cumulative bullet.
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| CN109958416B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2022-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Multi-cluster perforation fracturing method for uniformly feeding liquid and sand with variable aperture and variable pore density |
| CN110344800B (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2021-11-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Staged fracturing method for horizontal well |
| CN111287718B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining perforation parameters and storage medium |
| CN112240191B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2022-11-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale gas fracturing sand adding method |
| CN110984943B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-02-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Limit clustering perforation fracturing method for long horizontal well of compact reservoir |
| CN113530499B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2023-07-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Perforating method and perforating device for shale oil gas horizontal well with small well spacing |
| CN111520113B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-04-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Perforating construction method for volume fracturing of horizontal well of normal-pressure shale reservoir |
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| CN112211607A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-01-12 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale gas horizontal well fracturing vertical reconstruction volume control method |
| CN112836446B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-04-26 | 重庆科技学院 | Cluster flow-limiting hole distribution optimization design method for horizontal well of tight reservoir |
| CN112983379A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-18 | 华美孚泰油气增产技术服务有限责任公司 | Method for controlling shale gas well balanced fracturing reformation |
| CN115266782B (en) | 2022-09-27 | 2023-03-24 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Method for evaluating unconventional reservoir dual desserts based on dual-energy CT technology |
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